diff --git a/sources/tech/20210708 Encrypt and decrypt files with a passphrase on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20210708 Encrypt and decrypt files with a passphrase on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b1f437299b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20210708 Encrypt and decrypt files with a passphrase on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +[#]: subject: (Encrypt and decrypt files with a passphrase on Linux) +[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/7/linux-age) +[#]: author: (Sumantro Mukherjee https://opensource.com/users/sumantro) +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) + +Encrypt and decrypt files with a passphrase on Linux +====== +Age is a simple, easy-to-use tool that allows you to encrypt and decrypt +files with a single passphrase. +![Scissors cutting open access to files][1] + +Encryption and security for protecting files and sensitive documents have long been a concern for users. Even as more and more of our data is housed on websites and cloud services, protected by user accounts with ever-more secure and challenging passwords, there's still great value in being able to store sensitive data on our own filesystems, especially when we can encrypt that data quickly and easily. + +[Age][2] allows you to do this. It is a small, easy-to-use tool that allows you to encrypt a file with a single passphrase and decrypt it as required. + +### Install age + +Age is available to [install][3] from most Linux repositories. + +To install it on Fedora: + + +``` +`$ sudo dnf install age -y` +``` + +On macOS, use [MacPorts][4] or [Homebrew][5]. On Windows, use [Chocolatey][6]. + +### Encrypting and decrypting files with age + +Age can encrypt and decrypt files with either a public key or a passphrase set by the user. + +#### Using age with a public key + +First, generate a public key and write the output to a `key.txt` file: + + +``` +$ age-keygen -o key.txt +Public key: age16frc22wz6z206hslrjzuv2tnsuw32rk80pnrku07fh7hrmxhudawase896m9 +``` + +### Encrypt with a public key + +To encrypt a file with your public key: + + +``` +`$ touch mypasswds.txt | age -r ageage16frc22wz6z206hslrjzuv2tnsuw32rk80pnrku07fh7hrmxhudawase896m9 > mypass.tar.gz.age` +``` + +In this example, the file `mypasswds.txt` is encrypted with the public key I generated and put inside an encrypted file called `mypass.tar.gz.age`. + +### Decrypt with a public key + +To decrypt the information you've protected, use the `age` command and the `--decrypt` option: + + +``` +`$ age --decrypt -i key.txt -o mypass.tar.gz mypass.tar.gz.age` +``` + +In this example, age uses the key stored in `key.text` and decrypts the file I created in the previous step. + +### Encrypt with a passphrase + +Encrypting a file without a public key is known as symmetrical encryption. It allows a user to set the passphrase to encrypt and decrypt a file. To do so: + + +``` +$ age --passphrase --output mypasswd-encrypted.txt mypasswd.txt +Enter passphrase (leave empty to autogenerate a secure one):   +Confirm passphrase: +``` + +In this example, age prompts you for a passphrase, which it uses to encrypt the input file `mypasswd.txt` and render the file `mypasswd-encrypted.txt` in return. + +### Decrypt with a passphrase + +To decrypt a file encrypted with a passphrase, use the `age` command with the `--decrypt` option: + + +``` +`$ age --decrypt --output passwd-decrypt.txt mypasswd-encrypted.txt` +``` + +In this example, age prompts you for the passphrase, then decrypts the contents of the `mypasswd-encrypted.txt` file into `passwd-decrypt.txt`, as long as you provide the passphrase that matches the one set during encryption. + +### Don't lose your keys + +Whether you're using passphrase encryption or public-key encryption, you _must not_ lose the credentials for your encrypted data. By design, a file encrypted with age cannot be decrypted without the key used to encrypt it. So back up your public key, and remember those passphrases! + +### Easy encryption at last + +Age is a really robust tool. I like to encrypt my sensitive files, especially tax records and other archival data, into a `.tz` file for later access. Age is user-friendly and makes it very easy to get started with encryption on the go. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/linux-age + +作者:[Sumantro Mukherjee][a] +选题:[lujun9972][b] +译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/sumantro +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/document_free_access_cut_security.png?itok=ocvCv8G2 (Scissors cutting open access to files) +[2]: https://github.com/FiloSottile/age +[3]: https://github.com/FiloSottile/age#installation +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/11/macports +[5]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-mac +[6]: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/chocolatey