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geekpi
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Upgrading Fedora 30 to Fedora 31)
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[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/upgrading-fedora-30-to-fedora-31/)
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[#]: author: (Ben Cotton https://fedoramagazine.org/author/bcotton/)
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Upgrading Fedora 30 to Fedora 31
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======
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![][1]
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Fedora 31 [is available now][2]. You’ll likely want to upgrade your system to get the latest features available in Fedora. Fedora Workstation has a graphical upgrade method. Alternatively, Fedora offers a command-line method for upgrading Fedora 30 to Fedora 31.
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### Upgrading Fedora 30 Workstation to Fedora 31
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Soon after release time, a notification appears to tell you an upgrade is available. You can click the notification to launch the **GNOME Software** app. Or you can choose Software from GNOME Shell.
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Choose the _Updates_ tab in GNOME Software and you should see a screen informing you that Fedora 31 is Now Available.
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If you don’t see anything on this screen, try using the reload button at the top left. It may take some time after release for all systems to be able to see an upgrade available.
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Choose _Download_ to fetch the upgrade packages. You can continue working until you reach a stopping point, and the download is complete. Then use GNOME Software to restart your system and apply the upgrade. Upgrading takes time, so you may want to grab a coffee and come back to the system later.
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### Using the command line
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If you’ve upgraded from past Fedora releases, you are likely familiar with the _dnf upgrade_ plugin. This method is the recommended and supported way to upgrade from Fedora 30 to Fedora 31. Using this plugin will make your upgrade to Fedora 31 simple and easy.
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#### 1\. Update software and back up your system
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Before you do start the upgrade process, make sure you have the latest software for Fedora 30. This is particularly important if you have modular software installed; the latest versions of dnf and GNOME Software include improvements to the upgrade process for some modular streams. To update your software, use _GNOME Software_ or enter the following command in a terminal.
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```
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sudo dnf upgrade --refresh
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```
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Additionally, make sure you back up your system before proceeding. For help with taking a backup, see [the backup series][3] on the Fedora Magazine.
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#### 2\. Install the DNF plugin
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Next, open a terminal and type the following command to install the plugin:
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```
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sudo dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade
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```
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#### 3\. Start the update with DNF
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Now that your system is up-to-date, backed up, and you have the DNF plugin installed, you can begin the upgrade by using the following command in a terminal:
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```
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sudo dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=31
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```
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This command will begin downloading all of the upgrades for your machine locally to prepare for the upgrade. If you have issues when upgrading because of packages without updates, broken dependencies, or retired packages, add the _‐‐allowerasing_ flag when typing the above command. This will allow DNF to remove packages that may be blocking your system upgrade.
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#### 4\. Reboot and upgrade
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Once the previous command finishes downloading all of the upgrades, your system will be ready for rebooting. To boot your system into the upgrade process, type the following command in a terminal:
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```
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sudo dnf system-upgrade reboot
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```
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Your system will restart after this. Many releases ago, the _fedup_ tool would create a new option on the kernel selection / boot screen. With the _dnf-plugin-system-upgrade_ package, your system reboots into the current kernel installed for Fedora 30; this is normal. Shortly after the kernel selection screen, your system begins the upgrade process.
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Now might be a good time for a coffee break! Once it finishes, your system will restart and you’ll be able to log in to your newly upgraded Fedora 31 system.
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![][4]
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### Resolving upgrade problems
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On occasion, there may be unexpected issues when you upgrade your system. If you experience any issues, please visit the [DNF system upgrade quick docs][5] for more information on troubleshooting.
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If you are having issues upgrading and have third-party repositories installed on your system, you may need to disable these repositories while you are upgrading. For support with repositories not provided by Fedora, please contact the providers of the repositories.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/upgrading-fedora-30-to-fedora-31/
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作者：[Ben Cotton][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/bcotton/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/f30-f31-816x345.jpg
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[2]: https://fedoramagazine.org/announcing-fedora-31/
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[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/taking-smart-backups-duplicity/
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[4]: https://cdn.fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Screenshot_f23-ws-upgrade-test_2016-06-10_110906-1024x768.png
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[5]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf-system-upgrade/#Resolving_post-upgrade_issues
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96
translated/tech/20191029 Upgrading Fedora 30 to Fedora 31.md
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96
translated/tech/20191029 Upgrading Fedora 30 to Fedora 31.md
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@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Upgrading Fedora 30 to Fedora 31)
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[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/upgrading-fedora-30-to-fedora-31/)
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[#]: author: (Ben Cotton https://fedoramagazine.org/author/bcotton/)
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将 Fedora 30 升级到 Fedora 31
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======
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![][1]
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Fedora 31 [目前发布了][2]。你也许想要升级系统来获得 Fedora 中的最新功能。Fedora 工作站有图形化的升级方式。另外，Fedora 提供了一种命令行方式来将 Fedora 30 升级到 Fedora 31。
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### 将 Fedora 30 工作站升级到 Fedora 31
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在发布不久之后，就会有通知告诉你有可用升级。你可以点击通知打开 **GNOME Software**。或者在 GNOME Shell 选择 Software。
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在 GNOME Software 中选择_更新_，你应该会看到告诉你有 Fedora 31 更新的提示。
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如果你在屏幕上看不到任何内容，请尝试使用左上方的重新加载按钮。在发布后，所有系统可能需要一段时间才能看到可用的升级。
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选择_下载_以获取升级包。你可以继续工作，直到下载完成。然后使用 GNOME Software 重启系统并应用升级。升级需要时间，因此你可能需要喝杯咖啡，稍后再返回系统。
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### 使用命令行
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如果你是从 Fedora 以前的版本升级的，那么你可能对 _dnf upgrade_ 插件很熟悉。这是推荐且支持的从 Fedora 30 升级到 Fedora 31 的方法。使用此插件能让你轻松地升级到 Fedora 31。
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#### 1\. 更新软件并备份系统
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在开始升级之前，请确保你安装了 Fedora 30 的最新软件。如果你安装了模块化软件，这点尤为重要。dnf 和 GNOME Software 的最新版本对某些模块化流的升级过程进行了改进。要更新软件，请使用 _GNOME Software_ 或在终端中输入以下命令。
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```
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sudo dnf upgrade --refresh
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```
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此外，在继续操作之前，请确保备份系统。有关备份的帮助，请参阅 Fedora Magazine 上的[备份系列][3]。
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#### 2\. 安装 DNF 插件
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接下来，打开终端并输入以下命令安装插件：
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```
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sudo dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade
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```
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#### 3\. 使用 DNF 开始更新
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现在，你的系统是最新的，已经备份并且安装了 DNF 插件，你可以通过在终端中使用以下命令来开始升级：
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```
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sudo dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=31
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```
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该命令将开始在本地下载计算机的所有升级。如果由于缺乏更新包、损坏的依赖项或已淘汰的软件包而在升级时遇到问题，请在输入上面的命令时添加 _‐-allowerasing_ 标志。这将使 DNF 删除可能阻止系统升级的软件包。
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#### 4\. 重启并升级
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上面的命令下载更新完成后，你的系统就可以重启了。要将系统引导至升级过程，请在终端中输入以下命令：
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```
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sudo dnf system-upgrade reboot
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```
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此后，你的系统将重启。在许多版本之前，_fedup_ 工具会在内核选择/引导页面上创建一个新选项。使用 _dnf-plugin-system-upgrade_ 软件包，你的系统将重新引导到当前 Fedora 30 使用的内核。这很正常。在内核选择页面之后不久，你的系统会开始升级过程。
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现在也许可以喝杯咖啡休息下！升级完成后，系统将重启，你将能够登录到新升级的 Fedora 31 系统。
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![][4]
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### 解决升级问题
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有时，升级系统时可能会出现意外问题。如果遇到任何问题，请访问 [DNF 系统升级文档][5]，以获取有关故障排除的更多信息。
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如果升级时遇到问题，并且系统上安装了第三方仓库，那么在升级时可能需要禁用这些仓库。对于 Fedora 不提供的仓库的支持，请联系仓库的提供者。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/upgrading-fedora-30-to-fedora-31/
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作者：[Ben Cotton][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/bcotton/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/f30-f31-816x345.jpg
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[2]: https://fedoramagazine.org/announcing-fedora-31/
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[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/taking-smart-backups-duplicity/
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[4]: https://cdn.fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Screenshot_f23-ws-upgrade-test_2016-06-10_110906-1024x768.png
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[5]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/dnf-system-upgrade/#Resolving_post-upgrade_issues
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