document/TranslateProject
2
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git synced 2025-01-13 22:30:37 +08:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Merge pull request #29025 from XiaotingHuang22/patch-18

Browse Source 
Update and rename sources/tech/20211124 5 open source alternatives to…
This commit is contained in:
Xingyu.Wang 2023-04-04 08:07:34 +08:00 committed by GitHub
commit 5ccdeef716
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG Key ID: 4AEE18F83AFDEB23
2 changed files with 99 additions and 100 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

100
sources/tech/20211124 5 open source alternatives to Microsoft Exchange.md
View File

@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
[#]: subject: "5 open source alternatives to Microsoft Exchange"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/11/open-source-alternatives-microsoft-exchange"
[#]: author: "Heike Jurzik https://opensource.com/users/hej"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: "XiaotingHuang22"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
5 open source alternatives to Microsoft Exchange
======
There is no need to settle for a proprietary solution. Try one of these
Linux-based email and groupware services.
![Working on a team, busy worklife][1]
For decades, Microsoft Exchange has ruled the market for email and groupware services. This top dog dominates the corporate world, and the omnipresent Outlook mail client has become the de facto standard for groupware. Since Exchange is closely integrated with Microsoft's Office products, users have access to a wide variety of productivity software and features, whether they're using a desktop or a mobile client.
However, many companies have concerns about storing their data in the Microsoft cloud. In this article, I look at some open source alternatives and their advantages. It's not just about becoming vendor-independent and reducing costs; it's about using software with open standards and a different level of security—for the groupware server itself and the operating system behind it.
All five alternatives in this article are Linux-based. While grommunio, Kopano, Nextcloud, ownCloud, and the OX App Suite vary widely in functionality and are therefore attractive to different types of enterprises, they all provide free editions with the option to purchase paid support and add-ons. All candidates can either run on-prem or in the cloud. On top of that, all vendors offer a SaaS solution for their software.
### grommunio
[grommunio][2], formerly known as grammm, is published under the AGPLv3 license. It is developed and supported by the Austrian company of the same name. Unlike Exchange, grommunio offers a mail server that's standards-compliant as well as a fully functional groupware solution with features like email, contacts, calendar, tasks, file sharing, and more. grommunio works with various open source and proprietary mail clients, like Windows Mail, Outlook, Android, Apple Mail/iOS, Thunderbird, etc., and supports both the older RPC over HTTP protocol and the Outlook standard protocol MAPI over HTTP. Also included: Exchange ActiveSync for mobile devices and various standard protocols like CalDAV (calendar), CardDAV (address book), IMAP, POP3, SMTP, and LDAP, as well as Active Directory (for syncing of user accounts).
External open source applications provide some features not supported by Microsoft's API or protocols. For example, the developers have integrated [Jitsi][3] (video and audio telephony), [Mattermost][4] (chat), and file sharing and syncing ([ownCloud][5]). grommunio is also equipped with basic mobile device management (MDM).
grommunio is designed for a very large number of users and—just like Exchange—supports database sharding (horizontal distribution of databases across multiple hosts). The flexible storage backend allows administrators to extend their setup by adding other servers or cloud accounts. grommunio uses a MySQL database for metadata only, while all "content" such as mail and groupware objects are stored in a per-user SQLite database. For more information on the underlying architecture, please have a look at the [manufacturer's website][6].
The Community edition is free of charge and includes all grommunio features for up to five user accounts. 
### Kopano
[Kopano][7], from the German-Dutch software manufacturer Kopano, is also AGPLv3-licensed and based on the Zarafa software stack. Unlike its predecessor, Kopano doesn't aim to be a mere replacement for Exchange. Instead, it's a complete groupware solution and includes real-time communication in addition to the standard features of email, contacts, calendar, tasks, notes, and document editing. Kopano interacts with [many other platforms][8], applications, and services. Some of them can easily be integrated by plugins. For video conferencing, the Kopano team has developed its own open source solution based on WebRTC: Kopano Meet offers end-to-end encryption and is available for Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS.
Outlook clients are supported via ActiveSync (Z-Push library) or the [Kopano OL Extension][9] (KOE), which serves as an enhancement to the already included ActiveSync. Kopano offers a native web client (WebApp), a client for mobile devices (Mobility), and a desktop version (DeskApp) with support for Windows, Linux, and macOS. Connecting other clients is possible via IMAP, CalDAV, and CardDAV. All applications directly connecting to the Kopano Server use MAPI in SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol).
Free community versions are available for Kopano Groupware and Kopano ONE (a special edition of the Kopano Groupware). Kopano Meet can be downloaded as an application or container.
### Nextcloud
[Nextcloud][10], with offices in Stuttgart and Berlin (Germany), is licensed under the AGPLv3. Like in ownCloud or Dropbox, users can access the software suite via their desktops (Windows, Linux, and macOS), web browsers, or native apps (Android and iOS). Since version 18, Nextcloud includes Nextcloud Talk (calls, chats, and web meetings) and Nextcloud Groupware (calendar, contacts, and mail) in addition to Nextcloud Files (file sync and share), and changed its name to Nextcloud Hub.
User and group administration happens via OpenID or LDAP. Various storage backends are supported, such as FTP, S3, and Dropbox. Nextcloud works with several database management systems, including PostgreSQL, MariaDB, SQLite, and Oracle Database. Admins can extend the functionality with more than 200 apps from the [Nextcloud app store][11]. Offerings include real-time communication, audio and video chat, task management, mail, and many more.
Nextcloud is completely free of charge. On top of that, the company offers a Nextcloud Enterprise build (pre-configured, optimized, and hardened for enterprise deployments). 
### ownCloud
[ownCloud][12] is a file sync, share, and content collaboration software developed and maintained by ownCloud GmbH in Nuremberg, Germany. The core of the client-server software and many community apps are published under the AGPLv3. Several enterprise apps which extend the functionality are licensed under the ownCloud Commercial License (OCL).
ownCloud is mainly a content collaboration software, including online office document editing, calendar, contact synchronization, etc. Mobile clients are available for Android and iOS, and the desktop app integrates into the native file managers in Windows, macOS, and Linux. The Web interface allows access without installing dedicated client software. ownCloud supports WebDAV, CalDAV, and CardDAV. LDAP is included, but ownCloud also connects to other Identity Providers supporting the OpenID Connect authentication standard.
ownCloud offers integrations for Microsoft Office Online Server, Office 365, and Microsoft Teams. Plugins for Microsoft Outlook and eM Client are available. If necessary, the External Storage Feature connects to different storage providers, like Amazon S3, Dropbox, Microsoft SharePoint, Google Drive, Windows network drives (SMB), and FTP. The vendor also offers additional features for enterprise customers, like end-to-end encryption, ransomware and antivirus protection, etc. (see the [full list of features][13]).
The Community edition is free of charge and 100% open source.  
### OX App Suite
[Open-Xchange][14] was founded in 2005 with headquarters in Olpe and Nuremberg, Germany. Today, OX has offices in various European countries, the USA, and Japan. The [OX App Suite][15] is a modular email, communication, and collaboration platform, mainly designed for telcos, hosting companies, and other providers delivering cloud-based services.
The backend is released under the GPLv2, the frontend (UI) under the AGPLv3. Users can access the app suite via their preferred browser (fully customizable portal) or a mobile app (Android and iOS). Alternatively, native clients (mobile devices and desktops) are available for OX Mail and OX Drive. Thanks to CardDAV and CalDAV extensions, Exchange Active Sync, and the OX Sync App for Android, synchronization of contacts, calendars, and tasks is possible.
OX App Suite contains apps for email, contacts, calendars, and tasks. Additional tools and extensions—some open source, some paid features—are available, including OX Documents (text documents, spreadsheets, presentations), OX Drive (manage, share, and synchronize files), OX Guard (encryption of emails and files), and more. For a complete list, please visit the OX website for [general terms and conditions][16].
A community edition with limited features is available at no charge.  
### Open source email and groupware
Email and groupware services don't have to cost (lots of) money, and there is certainly no need to settle for a proprietary solution hosted on someone else's server. If you're not too keen on the administrative responsibilities, though, all five open source Exchange alternatives are available as SaaS solutions. Alternatively, all vendors offer professional tech support, and you can run the software on-premise—always in control, but never alone.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/11/open-source-alternatives-microsoft-exchange
作者：[Heike Jurzik][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[XiaotingHuang22](https://github.com/XiaotingHuang22)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/hej
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/team_dev_email_chat_video_work_wfm_desk_520.png?itok=6YtME4Hj (Working on a team, busy worklife)
[2]: https://grommunio.com/
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/open-source-video-conferencing
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/mattermost
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/owncloud-windows-files
[6]: https://grommunio.com/features/architecture/
[7]: https://kopano.com/
[8]: https://kopano.com/products/interoperability/
[9]: https://kb.kopano.io/display/WIKI/Setting+up+the+Kopano+OL+Extension
[10]: https://nextcloud.com/
[11]: https://apps.nextcloud.com/
[12]: https://owncloud.com/
[13]: https://owncloud.com/features/
[14]: https://www.open-xchange.com/
[15]: https://www.open-xchange.com/products/ox-app-suite/
[16]: https://www.open-xchange.com/terms-and-conditions/

99
translated/tech/20211124 5 open source alternatives to Microsoft Exchange.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
[#]: subject: "5 open source alternatives to Microsoft Exchange"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/11/open-source-alternatives-microsoft-exchange"
[#]: author: "Heike Jurzik https://opensource.com/users/hej"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: "XiaotingHuang22"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
可以替代 Microsoft Exchange 的5个开源软件
======
不再将就于 Microsoft Exchange 这一专有软件，试一试这些基于 Linux 系统的电子邮件和群件服务吧。
![在团队中工作，忙碌的工作生活][1]
几十年来，Microsoft Exchange 一直统治着电子邮件和群件服务市场。 作为领头羊，它主宰着企业界，无处不在的 Outlook 邮件客户端已成为群件同行里的事实标准。 由于 Exchange 与 Microsoft 的 Office 产品紧密联系，无论是桌面客户端还是移动客户端，微软用户都可以轻松使用各种生产力软件和功能。
然而，许多公司对于将数据存储在 Microsoft 云中也心存疑虑。 在本文中，我将介绍一些开源替代产品及其优势。 这不仅有关如何不再受供应商控制和降低成本，更关乎使用具有开放标准和不同安全级别的软件——用于组件服务器本身及其背后的操作系统。
本文中介绍的这五个替代产品都是基于 Linux 的。 虽然 grommunio、Kopano、Nextcloud、ownCloud 和 OX App Suite 在功能上差异很大，吸引到的企业类型各不相同，但它们都提供免费版本，并可选择购买付费支持服务和附加组件。 所有产品都可以在本地或云端运行。 最重要的是，所有供应商都为其软件提供 SaaS (Software as a Service，软件即服务) 解决方案。
### grommunio
[grommunio][2]，以前被称为 grammm，在 AGPLv3 许可下发布的。 它由奥地利同名公司开发和支持。 与 Exchange 不同，grommunio 提供符合标准的邮件服务器以及功能齐全的群件解决方案，具有电子邮件、联系人、日历、任务、文件共享等功能。 grommunio 适用于各种开源和专有邮件客户端，如 Windows Mail、Outlook、Android、Apple Mail/iOS、Thunderbird 等，并支持旧的 RPC over HTTP 协议和 Outlook 标准协议 MAPI over HTTP。 除此之外还包含：用于移动设备的 Exchange ActiveSync 和各种标准协议，如 CalDAV（日历）、CardDAV（地址簿）、IMAP、POP3、SMTP 和 LDAP，以及 Active Directory（用于同步用户帐户）。
外部开源应用程序还提供了一些 Microsoft 的 API 或协议不支持的功能。 例如，开发人员合并了 [Jitsi][3]（视频和音频电话软件）、[Mattermost][4]（聊天软件）以及文件共享和同步（[ownCloud][5]）。除此之外，grommunio 还配备了基本的移动设备管理软件 (MDM)。
grommunio 的设计面向大量不同的用户，并且与 Exchange 一样，它支持数据库分片（数据库在多个主机之间的水平分布）。 灵活的存储后端允许管理员通过添加其他服务器或云帐户来扩展他们的设置。 grommunio 仅将 MySQL 数据库用于元数据，而所有“内容”（例如邮件和群件对象）都存储在每个用户的 SQLite 数据库中。 有关底层架构的更多信息，请查看[制造商的网站][6]。
社区版是免费的，其中包括所有的 grommunio 功能并支持最多五个用户帐户。
### Kopano
来自德国和荷兰的软件制造商 Kopano 出品的 [Kopano][7] 也获得了 AGPLv3 许可并基于 Zarafa 软件堆栈。 与其前身不同，Kopano 的目标不只是成为 Exchange 的替代品。 相反，它提供一个完整的群件解决方案，除了电子邮件、联系人、日历、任务、笔记和文档编辑这些标准功能外，它还包括实时通信。 Kopano 与[许多其他平台][8]、应用程序和服务交互，其中一些通过插件就能轻松实现。 对于视频会议，Kopano 团队基于 WebRTC 开发了自己的开源解决方案：Kopano Meet 提供端到端加密，在 Windows、macOS、Linux、Android 和 iOS 客户端都适用。
Outlook 客户端通过 ActiveSync（Z-Push 库）或 [Kopano OL Extension][9] (KOE) 来同步移动数据，KOE 是已经包含的 ActiveSync 的加强版。 Kopano 提供本机 Web 客户端 (WebApp)、移动设备客户端 (Mobility) 以及支持 Windows、Linux 和 macOS 的桌面版本 (DeskApp)。 它可以通过 IMAP、CalDAV 和 CardDAV 连接其他客户端。 所有直接连接到 Kopano 服务器的应用程序都使用 SOAP（简单对象访问协议）中的 MAPI。
Kopano Groupware 和 Kopano ONE（Kopano Groupware 的特别版）都提供免费的社区版本。 Kopano Meet 还可以作为应用程序或容器下载。
### Nextcloud
[Nextcloud][10] 在斯图加特和柏林（德国）都有办事处，已获得 AGPLv3 许可。 与 ownCloud 或 Dropbox 一样，用户可以通过桌面（Windows、Linux 和 macOS）、网络浏览器或本地应用程序（Android 和 iOS）访问软件套件。 从 18 版本开始，Nextcloud 除了拥有 Nextcloud Files（文件同步和共享）还包括了 Nextcloud Talk（通话、聊天和网络会议）和 Nextcloud Groupware（日历、联系人和邮件），并更名为 Nextcloud Hub。
用户和群组管理通过 OpenID 或 LDAP 进行。 Nextcloud 支持各种存储后端，例如 FTP、S3 和 Dropbox。 Nextcloud 可与多种数据库管理系统配合使用，包括 PostgreSQL、MariaDB、SQLite 和 Oracle 数据库。 管理员可以通过 [Nextcloud 应用程序商店][11] 中的 200 多个应用程序扩展功能，其中包括实时通信、音频和视频聊天、任务管理、邮件等等。
Nextcloud 是完全免费的。 最重要的是，该公司提供了 Nextcloud Enterprise 版本（针对企业部署进行了预配置、优化和强化）
### ownCloud
[ownCloud][12] 是由位于德国纽伦堡的 ownCloud GmbH 公司开发和维护的具有文件同步、共享和内容协作功能的软件。 它的客户端-服务器软件的核心和许多社区应用程序都是在 AGPLv3 下发布的。 一些扩展功能的企业应用程序获得 ownCloud 商业许可证 (OCL) 许可。
ownCloud主要是一款内容协作软件，包括在线办公文档编辑、日历、联系人同步等功能。移动客户端支持 Android 和 iOS，桌面应用可以和 Windows、macOS 和 Linux 的原生文件管理器结合使用。它允许访问 Web 界面，无需安装专用客户端软件。 ownCloud 支持 WebDAV、CalDAV 和 CardDAV 协定。 LDAP 协定也包含其中，但 ownCloud 同时连接到支持 OpenID Connect 身份验证标准的其他身份提供者。
ownCloud 可以整合 Microsoft Office Online Server、Office 365 和 Microsoft Teams，同时为Microsoft Outlook 和 eM Client 提供可用插件。 如有必要，外部存储功能可连接到不同的存储提供商，例如 Amazon S3、Dropbox、Microsoft SharePoint、Google Drive、Windows 网络驱动器 (SMB) 和 FTP。 该供应商还为企业客户提供额外的功能，如端到端加密、勒索软件和防病毒保护等（请参阅[完整功能列表][13]）。
社区版免费且 100% 开源。
### OX 应用套件
[Open-Xchange][14] 成立于 2005 年，总部位于德国奥尔佩和纽伦堡。 今天，OX 在多个欧洲国家、美国和日本设有办事处。 [OX App Suite][15] 是一个模块化的电子邮件、通信和协作平台，主要为电信公司、托管公司和其他提供基于云的服务的提供商而设计。
OX 后端在 GPLv2 协议下发布，前端（UI）在 AGPLv3 下发布。 用户可以通过他们喜欢的浏览器（完全个性化的门户）或移动应用程序（Android 和 iOS）访问应用程序套件。 或者，本机客户端（移动设备和台式机）可用于 OX Mail 和 OX Drive。 得益于 CardDAV 和 CalDAV 扩展、Exchange Active Sync 和适用于 Android 的 OX Sync App，联系人、日历和任务得以同步。
OX 应用套件包含用于电子邮件、联系人、日历和任务的应用程序。 还有其他工具和扩展可用，其中一些是开源的，一些功能则要付费，包括 OX Documents（文本文档、电子表格、演示文稿）、OX Drive（管理、共享和同步文件）、OX Guard（电子邮件和文件加密）等等。 如需完整列表，请访问 OX 网站的[一般条款和条件][16]。
该应用免费提供有限功能的社区版。
### 开源电子邮件和群件
电子邮件和群件服务并不是必须花费（大量）金钱才可获得，更没有必要将就自己，（为了免费的服务而）依靠一个私人专有的、属于别人的服务器。 如果你不太热衷于管理职责，那么上述的这五个 Exchange 开源替代品都可以作为 SaaS 解决方案使用。 或者，所有供应商都提供专业技术支持，您可以在本地运行软件——一切尽在你的掌握中，但你却不会感觉自己孤军无援。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/11/open-source-alternatives-microsoft-exchange
作者：[Heike Jurzik][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[XiaotingHuang22](https://github.com/XiaotingHuang22)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/hej
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/team_dev_email_chat_video_work_wfm_desk_520.png?itok=6YtME4Hj (Working on a team, busy worklife)
[2]: https://grommunio.com/
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/open-source-video-conferencing
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/mattermost
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/owncloud-windows-files
[6]: https://grommunio.com/features/architecture/
[7]: https://kopano.com/
[8]: https://kopano.com/products/interoperability/
[9]: https://kb.kopano.io/display/WIKI/Setting+up+the+Kopano+OL+Extension
[10]: https://nextcloud.com/
[11]: https://apps.nextcloud.com/
[12]: https://owncloud.com/
[13]: https://owncloud.com/features/
[14]: https://www.open-xchange.com/
[15]: https://www.open-xchange.com/products/ox-app-suite/
[16]: https://www.open-xchange.com/terms-and-conditions/