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69
sources/news/20230511.2 ⭐️ GNOME is Considering to Bring Back Terminal App to Replace the New Console.md
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[#]: subject: "GNOME is Considering to Bring Back Terminal App to Replace the New Console"
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-terminal-console/"
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
GNOME is Considering to Bring Back Terminal App to Replace the New Console
======
GNOME's new console app may go away so soon? Why is that?
![gnome old terminal coming back to replace console][1]
GNOME has been adding new applications to initiate modern user experiences with the desktop environment.
For instance, the new [GNOME text editor][2] and the upcoming [Snapshot webcam][3] app.
Similarly, [GNOME 42][4] introduced a new terminal app, i.e., [Console][5], that replaced the tried and tested "[Terminal][6]" app.
Console provides a good user experience with nifty features that made users happy. If that is the case, **why is GNOME thinking of potentially bringing back the good-old Terminal app?**
In a recent blog post on GNOME core apps update by _Michael Catanzaro,_he highlights that one of GNOME's important downstream, i.e., Fedora Workstation, rejected this core app change.
Since Fedora developers rejected it, the **new Console app has not seen any significant development** 🛠️
Fedora Workstation developers think that **Console is missing a few features** that are must-haves before they can replace it with Terminal. So, the new app is highly [unlikely to be accepted][7] into Fedora Workstation anytime soon.
Michael mentions:
> We messed up by adding the app to core before downstreams were comfortable with it, and at this point it has become unclear whether Console should remain in core or whether we should give up and bring back Terminal. Console remains for now, but I’m not sure where we go from here. Help welcome.
Furthermore, to prevent this situation, _Sophie_ from GNOME has [developed][8] a detailed and organized process for adding and removing core apps, including the new [Incubator][9] category.
Whenever an app gets into the Incubator, downstreams will be notified of the plans to add new apps to GNOME core, and decisions can be taken before adding it to the core apps. And it should allow downstream distributions to adopt those new applications quickly.
Looking at the present situation, the **Terminal app might make a comeback unless more efforts are put into the new Console app** to add the missing features requested by Fedora Workstation developers.
Let us keep an eye out for it! 👀
⭐ Additionally, **GNOME plans to remove the Photos and Music app from its core offerings**. You can explore more details on GNOME Core app updates in [Michael's blog post][10].
_💬 What do you think of this situation with the Console and Terminal app? What do you prefer more?_
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-terminal-console/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w1304/2023/05/gnome-to-replace-new-console-with-old-terminal.jpg
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-text-editor/?ref=news.itsfoss.com
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-snapshot/
[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-42-features/
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-console/?ref=news.itsfoss.com
[6]: https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-terminal/stable/?ref=news.itsfoss.com
[7]: https://pagure.io/fedora-workstation/issue/261?ref=news.itsfoss.com
[8]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/Teams/Releng/AppOrganization?ref=news.itsfoss.com
[9]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/Incubator?ref=news.itsfoss.com
[10]: https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2023/05/10/gnome-core-apps-update/?ref=news.itsfoss.com

257
sources/tech/20220718 Top 10 Best Professional Video Editors in 2022.md
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[#]: subject: "Top 10 Best Professional Video Editors in 2022"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/best-free-video-editors-linux-ubuntu/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Top 10 Best Professional Video Editors in 2022
======
We list the top 10 best and most free video editors for Linux and Windows. Have a look.
[Video editors][1] are costly software, especially those that are more advanced such as Adobe Premiere Pro. However, there are plenty of known/unknown Video Editors available, which are free of cost and open source. Here we list ten free video editors which might be helpful for you and your use case.
### Top 10 Professional and Free Video Editors
#### 1. Blender
[Blender][2]is a free and open-source video editor and 3D modelling software used to create movies, animated films, renders, simulations, motion tracking and many more. Blender is a popular tool used and contributed by hundreds of people worldwide. Primarily used by studios and individual artists, professionals and hobbyists, scientists, students, VFX experts, animators, game artists, modders, and the list goes on.
![Blender Video Editor][3]
Blender’s feature list is enormous; however, here are some noteworthy features.
* Modelling
* Sculpting
* Animation & Rigging
* Grease Pencil
* Rendering
* Simulation
* Video Editing
* Scripting
* VFX
* Interface
* Pipeline
[Download Blender][4]
#### 2. Lightworks
[Lightworks][5]is a freemium video editor capable of editing videos for social media, 4K videos and movies. Lightworks has been used in some famous Hollywood movie editing as well. This non-linear video editor is free to download, and you might have to pay for additional features.
![Lightworks Video Editor][6]
Here’s a quick sneak peek of its features:
* Simple & intuitive User Interface
* Access excellent royalty-free audio & video content
* Easy timeline editing & trimming
* Lo-Res Proxy workflows for 4K
* Real-time ready-to-use audio & video FX
* Export video for YouTube/Vimeo, SD/HD, up to 4K
* Broad file format support, including variable frame rate media
* Grade your sequence professionally utilising up to 32bit GPU precision and histogram tool
[Download Lightworks][7]
#### 3. Shotcut
[Shotcut][8]is another free, open source and cross-platform video editor loaded with features. Primary features include support for a wide range of formats; no import required, meaning native timeline editing; Blackmagic Design support for input and preview monitoring; and resolution support to 4k.
![Shotcut Video Editor][9]
Notable features of Shotcut:
* Support for 4K resolutions
* Audio, Video, and Webcam capture
* Wide range of file format support
* $K resolution support
* Plugins
* Audio and Video filters
[Download Shotcut][10]
#### 4. Avidemux
[Avidemux][11] is ideal for you if you are just a beginner in Video editing, learning, or a hobbyist. This free and open-source video editor is designed for simple cut, filter and encoding tasks. Being a basic video editor, it supports a wide range of file formats. Also, you can automate tasks using projects, job queues and powerful scripting capabilities.
![Avidemux Video Editor][12]
[Download Avidemux][13]
#### 5. HitFilm Express
[HitFilm Express][14] is an excellent video editor – freely available for download – as the name says – the express version. Loaded with features and developed professionally, HitFilm express is an ideal video editor for beginners, YouTube creators and movie makers. However, it is only available for Windows and Mac. Linux version is not yet profitable, as per the development team, considering the low user base.
![Hitfilm Express Video Editor][15]
Having said that, if you are still looking for a free and professional video editor, you can try HitFilm express. Please note that you may have to pay if you opt for a different version of the product with more features.
[Download HitFilm Express][16]
#### 6. DaVinci Resolve
This is the most professional video editor capable of 8K editing. Available for Linux, Mac and Windows, DaVinci Resolve is a Proprietary commercial software. It comes with a studio version, and a paid variant with additional features such as more plugins, addons, etc. However, you can still use the free version of the software, which is more than enough if you are a standard user.
![DaVinci Resolve Video Editor][17]
Here’s a quick feature guide.
* Dual Timeline
* Source Tape
* Dedicated Trim Interface
* Intelligent Edit Modes
* Fast Review
* Transform, Retime and Stabilise
* Quick Export
* Media Import
* Portable Editing
* Custom Timeline Settings
* Adjustment Clips
* Facial Recognition
* Speed Warp Retiming
* Image Stabilisation
* Keyframe Curve Editor
* Tape Style Audio Scrubbing
* Faster, Smarter Encoding
[Download DaVinci Resolve][18]
#### 7. OpenShot
If you are looking for a simple UI-based free video editor yet powerful, [OpenShot][19]is the choice. Designed with a mindset with a low learning curve for video editing – it is available for Windows, Linux and Mac.
![OpenShot Video Editor][20]
Here’s a quick rundown on its features:
* Cross-Platform
* Quickly trim down your videos
* Using the robust animation framework, you can fade, slide, bounce, and animate anything in your video project
* Add as many layers as you need for watermarks, background videos, audio tracks
* Video effects engine, remove the background from your video, invert the colours, adjust brightness
* Audio Waveforms
* Title editor with templates
* Render beautiful 3D animated titles and effects, such as snow, lens flares, or flying text.
* Control the power of time, reversing, slowing down, and speeding up video
* Use a preset or animate the playback speed and direction.
* Drag and drop video, audio, or images from your file manager
* 70+ Languages
* Simple User Interface
If you are a beginner in Video Editing and trying it out the first time, this is the editor you should be using to get a feel of it.
[Download OpenShot][21]
#### 8. KDenlive
[KDenlive][22]is a 15+ years old video editor application. KDenlive is a free and open-source video editor built upon the QT framework, powered by some of the best FFMpeg, frei0r, movie, ladspa, and sox frameworks. This video editor is for average users with some additional advanced features – but not too much to absorb and learn.
Some of its features include:
* Multi-track video editing
* Use any audio/video format
* Configurable interface and shortcuts
* Titler with 2D Title
* Many effects and transitions
* Audio and video scopes
* Proxy editing
* Automatic backup
* Online resources downloaded directly from UI
* Timeline preview
* Keyframeable effects
* Theme interface
![KDenlive Video Editor][23]
[Download KDenlive][24]
#### 9. Flowblade
“FAST, PRECISE and STABLE” – is the tagline of [Flowblade][25]video editor, which explains its target users. Flowblade is a non-linear video editor loaded with features such as –
* Edit tools
* Timeline features
* Compositors
* Filters
* Range log
* Proxy editing
* Batch render queue
* G’mic effects tool
* Audio mixer
* Media relinker
* Titler
* Misc. Features
* Rendering
* MLT supported video and audio codecs
![Flowblade Video Editor][26]
Flowblade is only available for Linux Systems and not for Windows or Mac.
[Download Flowblade][27]
#### 10. Olive
[Olive][28]is a free non-linear video editor aiming to provide a fully-featured alternative to high-end professional video editing software. It is being developed at the moment and in the ALPHA stage. Looking at the interests, it[seems promising][29], and users are creating videos via Olive. However, being an ALPHA version, it is not recommended for professional work at the moment, but you can still give it a try.
![Olive Video Editor][30]
Available for Windows, Linux and Mac, you can download it via the below link.
[Download Olive Video Editor][31]
### Wrap up
Video editors are complex software. Many professional editors are costly. With that said, here we featured the top 10 professional-grade video editors for you. Some are perfect if used correctly and can replace any professional program. For example, Blender, KDenlive and DaVinci Resolve – are perfect for creating professional-grade videos or movies.
So, which is the top professional grade video editor, in your opinion? Let me know in the comment box below.
*Image Credits: Respective applications.*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/best-free-video-editors-linux-ubuntu/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/video-editors-in-ubuntu/
[2]: https://www.blender.org/
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Blender-Video-Editor.jpg
[4]: https://www.blender.org/download/
[5]: https://www.lwks.com/
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Lightworks-Video-Editor-1024x557.jpg
[7]: https://www.lwks.com/index.php?option=com_lwks&view=download&Itemid=206
[8]: https://shotcut.org
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Shotcut-Video-Editor-1024x644.jpg
[10]: https://shotcut.org/download/
[11]: http://avidemux.sourceforge.net/
[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Avidemux-Video-Editor.png
[13]: http://avidemux.sourceforge.net/download.html
[14]: https://fxhome.com/hitfilm-express
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Hitfilm-Express-Video-Editor-1024x572.jpg
[16]: https://fxhome.com/hitfilm-express
[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DaVinci-Resolve-Video-Editor.jpg
[18]: https://www.blackmagicdesign.com/products/davinciresolve/
[19]: https://www.openshot.org/
[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/OpenShot-Video-Editor.jpg
[21]: https://www.openshot.org/download/
[22]: https://kdenlive.org
[23]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/KDenlive-Video-Editor--1024x579.jpg
[24]: https://kdenlive.org/en/download/
[25]: https://jliljebl.github.io/flowblade/
[26]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Flowblade-Video-Editor-1024x579.jpg
[27]: https://jliljebl.github.io/flowblade/download.html
[28]: https://www.olivevideoeditor.org
[29]: https://www.debugpoint.com/olive-0-2-video-editor-review/
[30]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Olive-Video-Editor-1024x576.jpg
[31]: https://www.olivevideoeditor.org/download.php

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sources/tech/20220723 Top 10 Best Music Players for Linux in 2022.md
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[#]: subject: "Top 10 Best Music Players for Linux in 2022"
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/best-music-players-linux/"
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Top 10 Best Music Players for Linux in 2022
======
While many of us rely on music streaming services, several users prefer to use the good-old music player on their Linux system.
Of course, you already get a music player program pre-installed with every Linux distribution.
However, depending on your requirements, you might want to try a variety of music players, providing you with more features or a better user experience.
You could save time organizing your collections, sorting the best playlist, and other things.
So, to save you from trouble, I highlight the best music player applications for Ubuntu and other Linux distributions.
### 1. Amberol
![amberol music player interface][1]
Looking for something to simply play music with no fancy features?
Amberol is your best bet. It provides a super intuitive user experience and offers essential music controls to shuffle, have a playlist, navigate through the song, and more.
We also have a dedicated article on [Amberol][2], if you want to explore more about it.
[Amberol][3]
### 2. Elisa
![elisa music player][4]
Elisa is a fantastic music player developed by KDE. Primarily, it is tailored for KDE-powered distributions, but it should work fine on other Linux distributions. I tried it with Ubuntu 22.04 LTS GNOME.
Elisa could be the perfect candidate for you if you wanted a fast, good-looking, and feature-rich music player. It gives you some control over the layout, allowing you to choose to access all the options available or switch to an immersive mode to focus on playing music.
It is available for Linux, BSD derivatives, and Windows. For Linux, you can find it available in the official repositories of major distributions and install it via the terminal.
Furthermore, you can find it listed in the software center of respective distributions.
[Elisa][5]
### 3. Rythmbox
![rythmbox][6]
Rythmbox is a popular music player considering it comes pre-installed with many Linux distributions, including Ubuntu.
It is a simple feature-rich player where you can access internet radio, manage a music library, and stream music services like Last.fm and Magnatune.
Moreover, you can expand its capabilities with plugins.
The best way to get it installed is to use the Flatpak package from Flathub, and you can also find it in the software center.
[Rythmbox][7]
### 4. Sayonara Player
![sayonara player 2022][8]
Sayonara Player is an underrated option if you are looking for a customizable and lightweight music player focused on performance.
Even though the user interface is simple, it supports multiple libraries, album view, directory view, genre organization, dynamic playback, equalizer, lyrics, internet streams, podcasts, and more.
You can install it using the official PPA, AppImage file, Snap package, or explore other options on its download page.
[Sayonara Player][9]
### 5. Strawberry Music Player
![strawberry music player][10]
Strawberry Music Player is a fork of Clementine (which was a popular music player but hasn’t seen any new releases since 2016).
It supports various music file formats and easily lets you organize/manage playlists. You can also edit tags on audio files and get album cover art support.
Additionally, it offers an audio analyzer and equalizer.
It is available for Linux, Windows, and macOS. For Linux, you can use its official PPA or grab the deb package from its [GitHub releases section][11].
[Strawberry Music Player][12]
### 6. DeaDBeef Player
![deadbeef 2022][13]
DeaDBeef Player is one of the oldest options that is still actively maintained for multiple platforms, including Linux, Windows, and macOS.
You can edit music tags, read all the details, play all kinds of files, and install additional plugins to enhance your experience. It also lets you split albums into tracks and helps you manage multiple playlists.
Interestingly, you can also use it to transcode files to other formats.
For Ubuntu, you can download the deb package from its official website and get it installed. If you have Arch Linux or any other distro, explore the available packages on its website.
[DeaDBeef Player][14]
### 7. cmus (Terminal Music Player)
![cmus 2022][15]
Fret not, if you would rather not leave the terminal for anything else, cmus is an option.
It gets you all the essential features right from the command line. You will have to browse for the correct directory and set it up to start using the music player.
It may not be easy for new users. So, you will have to explore its built-in tutorial and refer to our dedicated article on [cmus music player][16] to know how to add a playlist, manage tracks, and more. It is available in the official repositories, so you can find it in the software center or install it through the terminal on Ubuntu.
[cmus][17]
### 8. VLC Media Player
![vlc linux][18]
VLC Media Player is one of the most popular options for any platform, including Linux.
You know what it does if you are already a fan of it. It supports many file formats and has excellent features like transcoding. Unlike other options, it is not just a music player but also supports videos, DVDs, and some streaming protocols. It is primarily a video player but it can also handle music files pretty well.
VLC provides packages for almost every popular Linux distribution, including Debian, Ubuntu, openSUSE, Arch, and Fedora. You can find the packages on its [official download page][19].
Alternatively, you can easily [install VLC media player][20] from the terminal.
[VLC][21]
### 9. Museeks
![museeks][22]
Museeks is a cross-platform music player with a clean user interface. It supports the major file formats and helps you manage playlists, queues, loops, album covers, and more.
It does support a dark mode theme along with playback speed controls.
Additionally, it supports .m3u import/export. You can find packages for Linux (deb/rpm/AppImage) in its [GitHub releases section][23].
[Museeks][24]
### 10. Audacious
![audacious player][25]
Audacious is another music player that has existed for over a decade and is available for Linux and Windows.
It utilizes Qt to offer a responsive user interface without affecting much of your system resources. Interestingly, you get to equip some Winamp Classic skins as well. In any case, the user experience is rather straightforward.
Audacious supports a few plugins for lyrics, VU meter, and more. You can install it directly through the official repositories via the terminal or search for it in the software center.
[Audacious][26]
### Wrapping Up
Music players are here to stay, even if we switch to streaming applications.
Unfortunately, some native Linux applications like [Mellow Player][27], [Nuvola][28], and [Nuclear][29], that allowed access to streaming services are no longer actively maintained. So, if you are thinking of accessing Spotify/SoundCloud on Linux, you should look for any of their official/unofficial clients available.
Music players are perfect for users who want to play around with their local collection, organize playlists, and customize their native desktop experience while protecting their privacy!
Did we miss any of your favorite music players? Let us know in the comments!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/best-music-players-linux/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/amberol-music-player-interface-800x693.png
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/amberol-music-player/
[3]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/amberol
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/elisa-music-player.png
[5]: https://elisa.kde.org/en-gb/
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/rythmbox-2022-800x626.png
[7]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Rhythmbox
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/sayonara-player-2022.png
[9]: https://sayonara-player.com/
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/strawberry-music-player.png
[11]: https://github.com/strawberrymusicplayer/strawberry/releases
[12]: https://www.strawberrymusicplayer.org/
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/deadbeef-2022.png
[14]: https://deadbeef.sourceforge.io/
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cmus-2022.png
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/cmus-linux-terminal-music-player/
[17]: https://cmus.github.io/
[18]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/vlc-linux.png
[19]: https://www.videolan.org/vlc/#download
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/install-latest-vlc/
[21]: https://www.videolan.org/
[22]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/museeks.png
[23]: https://github.com/martpie/museeks/releases
[24]: https://museeks.io
[25]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/audacious-player.png
[26]: https://audacious-media-player.org/
[27]: https://colinduquesnoy.gitlab.io/MellowPlayer/
[28]: https://nuvola.tiliado.eu/
[29]: https://github.com/nukeop/nuclear

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sources/tech/20220728 Top 10 32-Bit Linux Distributions in 2022 [Compared].md
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[#]: subject: "Top 10 32-Bit Linux Distributions in 2022 [Compared]"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/32-bit-linux-distributions/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Top 10 32-Bit Linux Distributions in 2022 [Compared]
======
We list the best 32-bit Linux distributions that still support ancient systems.
![][0]
### What is happening with 32-bit Linux Distros?
Linux always supports older hardware, thanks to the community. But more and more Linux operating systems are dropping support for 32-bit systems mainly because it takes additional testing effort to keep another build apart from 64-bit, and the number of 32-bit systems is reducing daily.
Most of the older hardware manufactured before 2007 has 32-bit architecture-based CPUs, which we mostly know as i386, i586, i486 and x86. However, the hardware manufactured after 2007 are primarily 64-bit and may term as modern.
Recently, many famous and lightweight Linux distros dropped support for 32-bit architecture. But some projects are still strong and provide users with an option to run the older machines with full functionality.
I will list the ten best Linux distros that still support 32-bit systems.
### Top 10 32-bit Linux distros in 2022
#### 1. Debian
Debian Linux is the foundation of hundreds of Linux distributions across multiple architectures. Millions use it as a desktop and server operating system. Debian is a “universal operating system” because it supports x86-64, arm64, armel,armhf, i386, mips, mipsel, mips64el, ppc64el, s390x architectures with work in progress for riscv64.
In addition, it supports a wide range of hardware and includes free and non-free packages. On the desktop side, all the major [desktop environments][1] are available for you to install on your older hardware.
Perhaps, it is the safest choice if you are looking for a vanilla 32-bit Linux distro experience.
![Debian Logo][2]
#### Why is Debian the best 32-bit distro?
* Most popular and widely used
* Dependable and used by millions
* Well documentation, tutorials and user guides
* Proper framed future roadmap
* [Support for all architectures and platforms][3]
[Download Debian][4]
#### 2. MX Linux
MX Linux is a systemd-free distro based on Debian stable branch. It is recently trending among users who want a clean system that supports older to modern hardware.
MX Linux is popular because it’s carefully created to give you a perfect and stable system with its native applications and tools.
![MX Linux][5]
The team behind it gives a lot of thought while packaging the applications in this distro. Besides that, it is also based on antiX components and comes with KDE Plasma desktop, Xfce and Fluxbox.
MX Linux is probably the best choice in this list because it is easy to download and use in older systems.
![mx linux logo][6]
#### Why is MX Linux the best?
* Systemd free, hence faster
* Based on Debian stable, it gives a more stable system
* Unique in-house applications to help users with generic tasks
* 3 desktop flavour options to choose from
* Well-supported community and user-base
[Download MX Linux][7]
#### 3. Q4OS
The third 32-bit Linux distro in this list is Q4OS. Q4OS is a unique Linux operating system based on Debian and brings KDE and Trinity desktop environments. It comes with a 32-bit installer which can be used to install. In addition, Q4OS also features a Windows installer where you can parallel run this distro inside WIndows.
An exciting and related trivia about Q4OS is that it was created as an alternative to Windows XP when Microsoft discontinued it on 2014. And it’s still going strong and providing a stable 32-bit alternative to many users.
![Q4OS Logo][8]
#### Here are some of the critical advantages of Q4OS
* Well-defined roadmap and unlikely to be discontinued
* Based on Debian and long-term support has been available for more than five years
* Provides KDE and Trinity desktop both (for those who like KDE 3)
* The unique installer gives the ability to install it inside Windows and take advantage of the entire hardware (not like in VM)
* Themes, Software centre, and third-party app installers are available
[Download Q4OS][9]
#### 4. NixOS
The fourth Linux distro in this list of 32-bit distributions is NixOS, built on top of the Nix Package manager. This independent Linux distribution is perfect for DevOps and deployment pipeline tasks and supports atomic updates. It uses a configuration script for several tasks, including installation.
That said, NixOS is not for the beginner or average Linux users, although it functions like other Linux distributions. It’s not designed to be an end-user Linux operating system.
However, since it provides a 32-bit variant, it’s perfect for some use cases where you need to set up a remote server or pipeline in older hardware. You can learn more and download using the below link.
[Download NixOS][10]
#### 5. Void Linux
Void Linux is an independent Linux distro (not depending on Debian or Fedora, etc.) which follows a unique rolling release model. It comes with X Binary Package System (XBPS), which helps you to install apps and packages directly from sources. In addition, it uses run unit as init system, instead of systemd.
Void Linux provides a 32-bit installer with the latest packages alongside the usual 64-bit and ARM installation methods. Hence, you can quickly try it out on your older hardware. Moreover, Void Linux also support all major desktop environments, such as Xfce, Cinnamon, LXDE, LXQt and more.
![Void Linux Logo][11]
#### Here are some of the advantages of Void Linux
* Independent distribution and free from Debian, Ubuntu or Fedora base
* Well-defined path for future updates and continuity
* Excellent XBPS package management system
* A rolling release-based distro which is stable
* All major desktop environments supported
[Download Void Linux][12]
#### 6. Zorin OS Lite 15.3
Zorin OS is an excellent and popular Linux distribution, a fusion of Xfce and GNOME 3 desktop. It comes with a Pro and Lite version. The Zorin OS Lite version provides a 32-bit installer at the moment.
![Zorin OS][13]
But there is a catch. Currently, the Zorin OS 15.3 Lite version only supports the 32-bit version. And its support ends on April 2023.
After that, Zorin OS will not be supporting the 32-bit version anymore. The reason is it is based on Ubuntu LTS. And Ubuntu discontinued the 32-bit image from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa version.
Hence, you can use Zorin OS 15.3 Lite until April 2023 and take advantage of its beautiful desktop and additional features.
[Download Zorin OS 15.3 Lite (32 bit)][14]
#### 7. Porteus
If you are a fan of the Old-KDE desktop and looking for a 32-bit operating system, then you can try Porteus Linux. Porteus is a Slackware Linux spin that features a KDE 4.0+ desktop environment. It is based on bleeding edge Slackware Linux and provides a fast desktop experience. Moreover, it can run from a Live USB/CD. The installer size is 300 MB, perfect for CD-based older hardware.
![Porteus Logo][15]
#### The reason why Porteus can be an ideal 32-bit Linux OS
* Based on bleeding-edge Slackware Linux
* Enjoy the simplicity of Slackware
* Installer size can fit into a CD (300 MB only)
* Legacy KDE 4.0 Desktop support
* Can run off a USB or CD
[Download Porteus Linux][16]
#### 8. antiX
The antiX Linux is slightly different on the desktop level than other 32-bit distros in this list. It is a lightweight Linux distribution based on Debian stable branch and brings some exciting features. First and foremost, it comes with a 32-bit installer, which has four variants – Full, Core, Base and Net. Secondly, it features famous primarily Windows Managers and Not desktop environments. Hence it is faster.
The antiX Linux features IceWM, Fluxbox, and ROX desktop options. In addition, it is free of systemd and uses sysVinit & runit as init system.
A perfect 32-bit Linux distribution that brings window manager, sydtemd-free and Debian base.
![Antix Logo][17]
#### Why is antiX an excellent 32-bit distro?
* Provides stability with Debian stable branch
* Provides a 32-bit installer with four variants
* Systemd free distribution
* Window manager support, rather than desktops
[Download antiX][18]
#### 9. BunsenLabs Linux
Remember the famous Crunchbang project? The BunsenLabs Linux is a successor of the Crunchbang project based on the Debian stable branch. Like antiX, it also features Windows Manager rather than desktop environments. It brings Openbox Window manager with an excellent tin2 panel at its core. In addition, some goodies such as Conky presets, jgmenu makes it a well-designed 32-bit distro for that ancient hardware.
![BunsenLabs Logo][19]
#### Why is BunsenLabs the best?
* Powered by Debian stable branch
* Openbox Window manager is for the desktop experience
* Pre-configured Concky with tin2 panel, jgmenu
* A good amount of help and support is available
[Download BunsenLabs][20]
#### 10. Alpine Linux
A list of 32-bit Linux distributions is incomplete without Alpine Linux. Alpine Linux is an almost two-decade-old Linux distro created for developers and power users. It’s unique and provides a 32-bit variant among other architectures.
At its core, it uses musl and BusyBox instead of GNU tools and packages. Also, Alpine uses OpenRC as init system.
This independent Linux is perfect for containers and hypervisors and boasts about its security. Perhaps, not so suitable for usual desktop usage. However, the popular PostmarketOS mobile Linux OS platform is based on Alpine Linux.
![Alpine Logo][21]
#### Alpine Linux advantages
* Independent Linux distro
* Not based on GNU toolchain (uses musl and BusyBox)
* APK package manager
* Suitable for containers and Hypervisors
* Well secured at the core level
[Download AlpineLinux][22]
### List of significant distros that dropped support of 32-bit recently
Since you went thru the above list, it’s always to remember that a bunch of distros which depended on Ubuntu dropped their 32-bit support. From the version Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa, Ubuntu officially closed the support for 32-bit. Hence all the Ubuntu-LTS variants are also forced to follow this decision.
Here’s a brief list of awesome distros which unfortunately discontinued the 32-bit support in the recent past.
* Linux Mint 20 and above
* Puppy Linux 9.5 and above
* Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa and above
* All the official Ubuntu flavours (such as Lubuntu and Xubuntu) from 20.04 onwards
### Closing Notes
You can rest assured that there will always be support for 32-bit Linux distributions to support older hardware. If a day comes when all distro stops support, Debian will always support all hardware possible. That’s the beauty of Debian.
Also, other niche distros, such as Puppy and Void Linux – will continue to support 32-bit hardware in the coming days. Because they are built with this purpose only.
Finally, I hope this list helps you to pick the best 32-bit distro for your PC or hardware. Also, don’t forget to check out the [best lightweight distros][23] for older hardware which contain 64-bit distros for older hardware.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/32-bit-linux-distributions/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[0]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/32bitdistrohd.jpg
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/category/desktop-environment
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/512_debian.png
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-debian-buster/
[4]: https://www.debian.org/distrib/
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/MX-Linux.jpg
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/mx-linux-logo-2.png
[7]: https://mxlinux.org/download-links/
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/512_q4os_lightblue.png
[9]: https://www.q4os.org/downloads1.html
[10]: https://nixos.org/
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/512_void.png
[12]: https://voidlinux.org/download/
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Zorin-OS.jpg
[14]: https://zorin.com/os/download/15/lite/32/
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Porteus-Logo.png
[16]: http://www.porteus.org/
[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/512_antix.png
[18]: https://antixlinux.com/download/
[19]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/512_bunsenlabs_yellow_black.png
[20]: https://www.bunsenlabs.org/installation.html
[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/512_alpine.png
[22]: https://alpinelinux.org/downloads/
[23]: https://www.debugpoint.com/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/

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[#]: subject: "How to Install Linux Mint 21 Xfce Edition Step-by-Step"
[#]: via: "https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-install-linux-mint-21-xfce-edition/"
[#]: author: "Pradeep Kumar https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
How to Install Linux Mint 21 Xfce Edition Step-by-Step
======
Are you looking for an easy guide for Linux Mint 21 Installation?
The step-by-step guide on this page will show you how to install Linux Mint 21 Xfce Edition along with screenshots.
The much-awaited Linux Mint 21 operating system has been released, this is a LTS release (Long Term Support) and will get support and updates until 2027. Vanessa is the code name for Linux Mint 21, it is based on Ubuntu 22.04 and comes with three different desktop environments like Cinnamon, Mate and Xfce.
##### Linux Mint 21 Features & Updates
* New Linux Kernel 5.15
* Introduction of Blueman for connecting Bluetooth devices
* Improved Thumbnails
* Artwork Improvements
* Sticky notes support duplicate notes
* Timeshift is maintained as XApp.
##### System Requirements for Linux Mint 21
* 2 GB RAM or more
* 20 GB free hard disk space or more
* 64-bit Dual core processor or more
* Bootable Media (USB Stick)
* Internet Connectivity (Optional)
Without any further delay, let’s jump into Linux Mint 21 Xfce Edition installation steps.
### Step 1) Download Linux Mint 21 Xfce Edition ISO file
Use the following official web portal to download ISO file.
* [Download Linux Mint 21 Xfce Edition][1]
Once ISO file is downloaded, make a bootable USB stick using the ISO file. On Linux desktop use following to create bootable USB,
* [How to Create Bootable USB Drive on Ubuntu / Linux Mint][2]
On windows system, use Rufus software to make bootable USB using ISO file.
### Step 2) Boot System using Bootable USB Stick
Reboot the system on which you want to install Linux Mint 21, change the boot medium from hard disk to USB from it’s bios settings.
When the system boots up with bootable USB stick, we will get following beneath screen.
![Choose-Option-Start-LinuxMint21-Xfce][3]
Select the first option ‘Start Linux Mint 21 Xfce 64-bit’ and press enter then we will be presented the following screen,
![Double-click-on-Install-LinuxMint][4]
Double Click on ‘Install Linux Mint’
### Step 3) Choose Language for Installation
Choose your preferred language and click Continue
![Language-Selection-for-LinuxMint21-Installation][5]
### Step 4) Select Keyboard Layout
Select the keyboard layout as per your setup and then click on Continue
![Select-Keyboard-Layout-LinuxMint21-Installation][6]
### Step 5) Install Multimedia Codecs
This step is optional if you want to install multimedia codecs and system is connected to internet then click on the checkbox, else you can skip it.
![Install-Multimedia-codecs-LinuxMint21-Installation][7]
Click on Continue to proceed further
### Step 6) Choose Installation Type
On this step, you are required to choose the installation type, basically there are two types,
* Erase disk and Install Linux Mint: In this type, installer will erase all the data on disk and will create partitions automatically for you.
* Something else: Using this, we can create manual partitions as per our need.
![Something-Else-Installation-type-Linux-Mint21][8]
In this guide, we will go with something else option and will create following partitions on 40 GB hard disk.
* /boot      : 2 GB (xfs file system)
* /              : 10 GB (xfs file system)
* /home     : 25 GB (xfs file system)
* Swap       : 2 GB
Before start creating partitions, first create a partition table,
![New-Partition-Table-Linux-Mint21-Installation][9]
First click on ‘New Partition Table’ and then click Continue
Now start creating first partition as /boot, select the free space and then click on ‘+’ symbol.
![Boot-Partition-During-Linux-Mint21-Installation][10]
Click on OK to finish /boot partition creation.
In the same way, create next two partitions / and /home of 10G and 25G respectively.
![mSlash-Partition-During-LinuxMint21-Installation][11]
![Home-Partition-During-LinuxMint21-Installation][12]
Create Swap partition of size 2G
![Swap-Partition-LinuxMint21-Installation][13]
Click on Ok,
Note : When you are using UEFI mode then you must create following two additional partitions:
* EFI System Partition: 100 – 550 MB
* Reserved BIOS Boot Area: 1 MB (This is used to store bootloader code)
![EFI-System-Partition-Linux-Mint21-Installation][14]
![Reserved-Bios-Boot-Area-Linux-Mint21-Installation][15]
Click on OK.
Once you are done with manual partitions then click on ‘Install Now’
![Click-On-Install-Now-Option-Linux-Mint21-Installation][16]
Click Continue to write changes to disk and to proceed further with installation.
![Write-changes-to-Disk-Linux-Mint21-Installation][17]
### Step 7) Choose Your Preferred Timezone
As per geographical location of your system choose the location and click continue
![Geographical-Location-Linux-Mint21-Installation][18]
### Step 8) Enter Local User Details
In this step, you are requested to enter local user details along with hostname of your system. So, fill in the details as per requirements,
![Enter-Local-User-Details-LinuxMint21-Installation][19]
Click Continue to begin the actual installation.
### Step 8) Linux Mint 21 Installation Started
As we can see that Linux Mint 21 installation is started and is in progress,
![Linux-Mint21-Installation-Progress][20]
Once the installation is completed then installer will instruct you to reboot the system.
![Restart-Post-Linux-Mint21-Installation][21]
Click on “Restart Now”
Note : During the reboot don’t forget to change boot medium from USB to hard disk via bios settings.
### Step 9) Login Screen and Desktop Environment
When the system rebooted post installation then we will get following login screen. Use the same user credentials that you have created during the installation.
![Linux-Mint21-Login-Screen-Post-Installation][22]
After entering the credentials, following desktop environment screen will appear,
![Desktop-screen-Linux-Mint21][23]
Open the terminal and run neofetch command to verify the installation.
![Neofetch-Command-Verify-Linux-Mint21-Installation][24]
Great, above output confirms that we have successfully installed Linux Mint 21 Xfce Edition.
That’s all from this guide, kindly post your queries and feedback in below comments section.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-install-linux-mint-21-xfce-edition/
作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://linuxmint.com/download.php
[2]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/create-bootable-usb-disk-dvd-ubuntu-linux-mint/
[3]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Choose-Option-Start-LinuxMint21-Xfce.png
[4]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Double-click-on-Install-LinuxMint.png
[5]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Language-Selection-for-LinuxMint21-Installation.png
[6]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Select-Keyboard-Layout-LinuxMint21-Installation.png
[7]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Install-Multimedia-codecs-LinuxMint21-Installation.png
[8]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Something-Else-Installation-type-Linux-Mint21.png
[9]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/New-Partition-Table-Linux-Mint21-Installation.png
[10]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Boot-Partition-During-Linux-Mint21-Installation.png
[11]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Slash-Partition-During-LinuxMint21-Installation.png
[12]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Home-Partition-During-LinuxMint21-Installation.png
[13]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Swap-Partition-LinuxMint21-Installation.png
[14]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/EFI-System-Partition-Linux-Mint21-Installation.png
[15]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Reserved-Bios-Boot-Area-Linux-Mint21-Installation.png
[16]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Click-On-Install-Now-Option-Linux-Mint21-Installation.png
[17]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Write-changes-to-Disk-Linux-Mint21-Installation.png
[18]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Geographical-Location-Linux-Mint21-Installation.png
[19]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Enter-Local-User-Details-LinuxMint21-Installation.png
[20]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Linux-Mint21-Installation-Progress.png
[21]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Restart-Post-Linux-Mint21-Installation.png
[22]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Linux-Mint21-Login-Screen-Post-Installation.png
[23]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Desktop-screen-Linux-Mint21.png
[24]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Neofetch-Command-Verify-Linux-Mint21-Installation.png

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[#]: subject: "4 cool new projects to try in Copr for August 2022"
[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/4-cool-new-projects-to-try-in-copr-for-august-2022/"
[#]: author: "Jiri Kyjovsky https://fedoramagazine.org/author/nikromen/"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
4 cool new projects to try in Copr for August 2022
======
![4 packages to try from the Copr repos][1]
[Copr][2] is a build system for anyone in the Fedora community. It hosts thousands of projects for various purposes and audiences. Some of them should never be installed by anyone, some are already being transitioned to the official Fedora Linux repositories, and the rest are somewhere in between. Copr gives you the opportunity to install third-party software that is not available in Fedora Linux repositories, try nightly versions of your dependencies, use patched builds of your favorite tools to support some non-standard use cases, and just experiment freely.
If you don’t know [how to enable a repository][3] or if you are concerned about whether [it is safe to use Copr][4], please consult the [project documentation][5].
This article takes a closer look at interesting projects that recently landed in Copr.
### **Ntfy**
[Ntfy][6] is a simple HTTP-based notification service that allows you to send notifications to your devices using scripts from any computer. To send notifications ntfy uses PUT/POST commands or it is possible to send notifications via ntfy __CLI without any registration or login_._ For this reason, choose a hard-to guess topic name, as this is essentially a password.
In the case of sending notifications, it is as simple as this:
```
$ ntfy publish beer-lovers "Hi folks. I love beer!"
{"id":"4ZADC9KNKBse", "time":1649963662, "event":"message", "topic":"beer-lovers", "message":"Hi folks. I love beer!"}
```
And a listener who subscribes to this topic will receive:
```
$ ntfy subscribe beer-lovers
{"id":"4ZADC9KNKBse", "time":1649963662, "event":"message", "topic":"beer-lovers", "message":"Hi folks. I love beer!"}
```
If you wish to receive notifications on your phone, then ntfy also has a [mobile app][7] for Android so you can send notifications from your laptop to your phone.
![][8]
#### **Installation instructions**
The [repo][9] currently provides _ntfy_ for Fedora Linux 35, 36, 37, and Fedora Rawhide. To install it, use these commands:
```
sudo dnf copr enable cyqsimon/ntfysh
sudo dnf install ntfysh
```
### Koi
If you use light mode during the day but want to protect your eyesight overnight and switch to dark mode, you don’t have to do it manually anymore. [Koi][10] will do it for you!
Koi provides KDE Plasma Desktop functionality to automatically switch between light and dark mode according to your preferences. Just set the time and themes.
![][11]
#### **Installation instructions**
The [repo][12] currently provides _Koi_ for Fedora Linux 35, 36, 37, and Fedora Rawhide. To install it, use these commands:
```
sudo dnf copr enable birkch/Koi
sudo dnf install Koi
```
### **SwayNotificationCenter**
[SwayNotificationCenter][13] provides a simple and nice looking GTK GUI for your desktop notifications.
You will find some key features such as do-not-disturb mode, a panel to view previous notifications, track pad/mouse gestures, support for keyboard shortcuts, and customizable widgets. SwayNotificationCenter also provides a good way to [configure and customize][14] via JSON and CSS files.
More information on <https://github.com/ErikReider/SwayNotificationCenter> with screenshots at the bottom of the page.
#### **Installation instructions**
The [repo][15] currently provides _SwayNotificationCenter_ for Fedora Linux 35, 36, 37, and Fedora Rawhide. To install it, use these commands:
```
sudo dnf copr enable erikreider/SwayNotificationCenter
sudo dnf install SwayNotificationCenter
```
### **Webapp Manager**
Ever want to launch your favorite websites from one place? With [WebApp][16] manager, you can save your favorite websites and run them later as if they were an apps.
You can set a browser in which you want to open the website and much more. For example, with Firefox, all links are always opened within the WebApp.
![][17]
#### **Installation instructions**
The [repo][18] currently provides _WebApp_ for Fedora Linux 35, 36, 37, and Fedora Rawhide. To install it, use these commands:
```
sudo dnf copr enable perabyte/webapp-manager
sudo dnf install webapp-manager
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/4-cool-new-projects-to-try-in-copr-for-august-2022/
作者：[Jiri Kyjovsky][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/nikromen/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/4-copr-945x400.jpg
[2]: https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/
[3]: https://docs.pagure.org/copr.copr/how_to_enable_repo.html#how-to-enable-repo
[4]: https://docs.pagure.org/copr.copr/user_documentation.html#is-it-safe-to-use-copr
[5]: https://docs.pagure.org/copr.copr/user_documentation.html
[6]: https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy
[7]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.heckel.ntfy
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/beer.jpg
[9]: https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/cyqsimon/ntfysh/
[10]: https://github.com/baduhai/Koi
[11]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Screenshot_20220813_133028.png
[12]: https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/birkch/Koi/
[13]: https://github.com/ErikReider/SwayNotificationCenter
[14]: https://github.com/ErikReider/SwayNotificationCenter#scripting
[15]: https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/erikreider/SwayNotificationCenter/
[16]: https://github.com/linuxmint/webapp-manager
[17]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Screenshot_20220810_182415.png
[18]: https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/perabyte/webapp-manager/

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sources/tech/20220817 GNOME 43- Top New Features and Release Wiki.md
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[#]: subject: "GNOME 43: Top New Features and Release Wiki"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
GNOME 43: Top New Features and Release Wiki
======
An extensive feature analysis of the GNOME 43 desktop environment bringing impactful changes to your day-to-day needs and workflow.
![GNOME 43 Running via GNOME OS][1]
This article summarises all necessary information about GNOME 43, including features, release schedule and more. The GNOME 43 release (upcoming) is probably the most impactful release since the GNOME 40 in terms of the features and their impact on your workflow.
The feature includes updated and faster Shell performance, wrapping up GTK4 and libadwaita conversion, renovated Files and fantastic Web changes.
All these necessary changes were long overdue and will change your traditional workflow in the GNOME desktop to make you more productive.
### Schedule
The BETA is out. The release candidate is expected on September 3rd, 2022. GNOME 43 finally releases on September 21, 2022.
* GNOME 43 Beta: August 31, 2022 (Complete)
* GNOME 43 RC: September 3, 2022
* GNOME 43 final release: September 21, 2022
### GNOME 43: The Features
#### 1. Core Shell Changes
* Finally, the high-resolution scroll wheel support lands in GNOME thanks to recent work in Wayland. So, if you have a high-resolution display, scrolling with an advanced mouse (such as Logitech MX Master 3) should be a treat for you.
* In addition to the above, the direct scanout support in GNOME 43 will help with multi-monitor setup situations.
* The server-side decorations get essential colour support.
* Shell also implemented a feature where the notifications get away when the focus changes, and it doesn’t wait for the timeout.
* Like every release, you experience better animation performance across the desktop, improved grid and overview navigation and critical updates, which gives you a seamless experience.
So, that are the key summaries of the core changes. Now, let’s talk about the Quick settings.
#### 2. New Quick Settings Menu
The quick settings in the system tray are entirely changed. The quick settings items and menus now feature pill-shaped toggle buttons with vibrant colours to show what is happening in your system. The menu is also dynamic and makes way for cascading menu items. In addition, you can choose the audio devices in the quick settings.
Here’s a quick demo, and for additional screenshots and write-up – read our exclusive coverage: [GNOME 43 Quick settings][2].
![Quick Settings Demo in GNOME 43][3]
#### 3. Files
GNOME Files gets the most features in GNOME 43 release. The list of improvements in this application is enormous. The file manager is the most used app in any desktop environment. Hence the changes in Files are the most impactful across the user base.
For the first time, Files with GTK4 arrive (it was not ready during GNOME 42 release), and it will change your workflow for good.
I will try to explain most of them in a brief list. Otherwise, this will be a lengthy post. I will push out another separate article on the File features.
##### Adaptive sidebar
So the sidebar of Files which gives you access to navigations, favourites, network drives, etc. – is not responsive. And it [autohides][4] itself when Files window size reaches a point. A familiar and handy feature if you work with many open windows and have smaller displays.
Another exciting feature is that when the sidebar is wholly hidden, an icon appears at the left top for you to make it visible.
![Files 43 with autohide sidebar][5]
##### Emblems
We had the emblems in GNOME long back, and they went away. So, Emblems make a comeback with GNOME 43 with small icons beside the files and directories. These icons imply the type, such as symbolic link, read-only, etc. Moreover, the icons change their colour based on your theme, and multiple emblems are also available for a single file.
![Emblems in GNOME 43][6]
##### Rubberband Selection
Next up is the much-awaited rubberband selection feature, which [finally arrived][7]. Now you can select the files and folders by drag-selection mechanism. One of the most requested features from the users.
![Rubberband Selection Feature][8]
##### GtkColumnView replacing GtkTreeView
When you mouse over the items in the column view, you see a focused row which is another critical feature of Files in GNOME 43. But the [tree view could not make it][9] and probably planned for the next iteration.
![GtkColumnView enables row focus][10]
##### Redesigned properties window with interactive permission and executable detection
The properties window is [wholly changed][11], thanks to the adaptation of GTK4. The window is now much cleaner and well-designed, showing essential items only when required.
Furthermore, the properties dialog can determine the file type and provide suitable options. For example, if you view the properties of a shell script or text file, you will get an option to make it executable. In contrast, the properties of an image file do not give you an executable option.
![Intelligent properties window][12]
**Tabbed View improvements**
The tabbed view of Files gets some [additional updates][13]. The most noteworthy ones are the proper focus when dragging a file to tag, the creation of tabs after the current focussed tab and so on.
**Redesigned Right-click menu**
The primary right-click context menu on files or folders is restricted. Firstly, the OPEN option is clubbed under a submenu. Secondly, the copy/paste/cut options are consolidated in a group. And finally, the Trash, Rename and Compress options are grouped.
In addition, the Open in terminal option is available for all files and folders. However, create a new file option is still missing (which I expected in this release).
![Various Context Menu][14]
##### Other changes in Files
Other prominent changes in Files are the Trash icon, and other locations (network drive, disk) gets the properties option in right-click context menu.
Finally, the Files preference window was revamped to show you more essential items. The redesign makes it easy for the average user to find the proper Files settings.
#### 4. Web
Let’s spare some moments to talk about our beloved Epiphany, a.k.a. GNOME Web, the WebKit-based native web browser for the GNOME desktop.
The updates were long overdue and finally started landing from this release onwards.
First and foremost, GNOME Web now supports WebExtension API. It lets you download and install the Firefox and Google Chrome extensions inside the Web. Here’s how you can do it.
* Download any extension file (xpi or crx file) from Firefox Add-on or Google Chrome extension page.
* Click on the hamburger menu and select Extensions.
* Finally, click add to install them.
WebExtension support is a crucial step for making the Web usable soon.
Secondly, the Firefox Sync option is available, which lets you log in to the Web via a Firefox account to sync bookmarks and other browser items.
![Login to the Web using a Firefox account][15]
Other noteworthy changes in the Web include support for “view source”, GTK4 porting work and an updated PDF library (PDF.js 2.13.216).
One of the critical components which are still missing in Web is the [WebRTC support via GStreamer][16]. Once that feature arrives, it will be a decent browser for daily usage.
Hopefully, one day, we all have a decent alternative browser which is non-Firefox or non-Chromium.
#### 5. Settings
In the settings window, mostly improvements and visual fine-tuning arrive in this release. The important change includes the “Dog Bark” sound in Alert is gone now after a long and [interesting conversation][17].
In addition, a new device security panel is introduced, and the TImezone map in the Date & Time panel is revamped.
The settings sidebar is also responsive and gives you autohide features like the Files shown above.
#### 6. Software
Two crucial changes are coming to GNOME Software. These changes enable you to view more information on a single page for any application.
Firstly, a new section, “Other apps by Author”, gives you a list of apps by the author of the current app. This helps in discovery and tells you how popular the creator is.
Secondly, GNOME 43 Software now provides you with a detailed list of permission required by the Flatpak apps in a separate window. Hence, you can verify the app before you install them.
Another crucial visual change is a new “Available for Fedora/any distro” section on the application main overview page, which requires configuration.
![Other APPS by developer section in Software][18]
#### 7. Climate Change Wallpaper
I am not sure whether this feature landed. Because I could not find it, but I heard about it. So, I though I should mention it here.
The feature is that GNOME 43 brings a background wallpaper showing how the global temperature has risen over the decades from [ocean stripes][19]. The wallpaper contains vertical colour-coded bars denoting low and high temperatures. I think it’s a nice touch and an effort to raise awareness. Here’s the [commit][20] in GitLab.
In addition, a couple of new [“days and nights”][21] fresh wallpapers are available.
That’s all about the essential changes I could find and summarise here. Besides those, a vast list of bug fixes, performance improvements and code clean up lands in GNOME 43.
Fedora 37 will feature GNOME 43 when released, and some parts of it should be in Ubuntu 22.10, due in October.
### Wrapping Up
GNOME 43 is an iconic release because it changes several basic designs and impacts millions of users’ workflow. The quick settings transformation is fantastic and long overdue. In addition, the necessary changes in Files, Web and Settings will improve your productivity.
Furthermore, the new features arrive while keeping the design guideline and aesthetics in mind. A good user interface requires a well-thought-out process, and the devs did a perfect job in this release.
So, that’s pretty much it. That’s GNOME 43 for you. Let me know if you plan to get this update and want to hop from KDE to GNOME!
Do let me know your favourite feature in the comment section below.
Cheers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/GNOME-43-Running-via-GNOME-OS.jpg
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43-quick-settings/
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10682
[4]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/877
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10684
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10685
[7]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/817
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Rubberband-Selection-Feature.gif
[9]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/817
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/GtkColumnView-enables-row-focus.gif
[11]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/745
[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Intelligent-properties-window.jpg
[13]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus/-/merge_requests/595
[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/?attachment_id=10689
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Login-to-Web-using-Firefox-account.jpg
[16]: https://twitter.com/_philn_/status/1490391956970684422
[17]: https://discourse.gnome.org/t/dog-barking-error-message-sound/9529/2
[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Other-APPS-by-developer-section-in-Software.jpg
[19]: https://showyourstripes.info/s/globe/
[20]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-backgrounds/-/commit/a142d5c88702112fae3b64a6d90d10488150d8c1
[21]: https://www.debugpoint.com/custom-light-dark-wallpaper-gnome/

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@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
[#]: subject: "Linux Mint 21 Review: The Best Distro Just Got a Little Better"
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/linux-mint-21-review/"
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Linux Mint 21 Review: The Best Distro Just Got a Little Better
======
Linux Mint 21 ‘Vanessa’ is a fantastic upgrade.
If you haven’t upgraded yet, you can [follow our step-by-step tutorial][1] to get help.
But should you proceed to upgrade? Is Linux Mint 21 good enough for users? Does it have any quirks that you should know of?
Here, let me highlight some important information to help you decide whether you should give it a try or not.
### Linux Mint 21: What’s New?
If you want to give it a try based on what’s new in it, here are the key highlights:
* New upgrade tool
* New Bluetooth manager
* Addition of a process monitor tray icon
* Improved thumbnail support
* Desktop environment upgrades (Cinnamon 5.4.2, Xfce 4.16), MATE 1.26
* New beautiful wallpapers
* Ubuntu 22.04 LTS base
You can watch the video to get a quick idea about the changes:
![Youtube Video][2]
Don’t expect a major visual makeover with the upgrade. In fact, Linux Mint 21 is not a massive upgrade either.
It concerns a few functionality/usability refinements on top of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.
### User Experience and Desktop Environment Upgrades
![linux mint 21 home][3]
Linux Mint 21 includes some big under-the-hood refinements, especially, for the Cinnamon edition.
Cinnamon 5.4 features a major rebase of its window manager Muffin, based on Mutter 3.36.
While there were several changes with Mutter, it took time to bring in the same features and optimizations to Muffin.
With Cinnamon 5.4, Muffin’s codebase is much closer to the upstream. This should also translate to better performance and new features down the line.
Not just limited to technical upgrades, you can notice some visual updates that include:
* Rounded corners for windows look crispier.
* Window animation improvements.
For other editions, you will find MATE 1.26, and Xfce 4.16 with the upgrade. No special under-the-hood refinements have been mentioned for those editions. However, with Ubuntu 22.04 as the base, you can expect core upgrades to the experience.
Another enhancement that adds to the user experience of Linux Mint 21 is the support for thumbnails with file types including *WebP, AppImage, ePub, MP3, and RAW pictures.*
With the file manager, it looks good to have thumbnails for all kinds of file types. It makes it easier to recognize and find what you’re looking for and is also aesthetically better than a question mark of a sort.
### Sticky Notes Improvements
![linux mint 21 sticky notes][4]
Sticky Notes got some new feature additions with the upgrade. Now, you can create duplicate notes with a single click.
Furthermore, you can tweak the color selection of the notes to pick through a cycle instead of random ones. This should translate to a better user experience with Sticky Notes.
### XApps Improvements
Mint maintains a list of XApps, which aims to provide a consistent experience for Linux Mint users, and any other user with a different desktop environment/distro.
Timeshift has joined the list, as the Linux Mint is responsible for developing it further.
There are also improvements to directory browsing, thingy, and Warpinator.
### Keeping AppImage Intact
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS removed a library that made it possible to run AppImage files. So, you will have to [fix that manually][5] to use AppImage on Ubuntu.
With Linux Mint 21, you do not have to worry about it. You get the essential libraries pre-installed to have AppImage files run as one would expect.
### New Bluetooth Application: Blueman
![linux mint 21 blueman][6]
A new Blueman tool replaces the Blueberry tool.
Technically, Blueberry was a front-end XApp for GNOME Bluetooth. But, with newer GNOME updates, the compatibility was affected, which needed changes to fix it.
Hence, the easier and potentially better way was to use Blueman, which is a powerful Bluetooth utility.
It is easy to use but offers a variety of options for advanced users. So, it is a good addition to Linux Mint 21.
### Linux Kernel Update
![linux mint 21 neofetch][7]
Mint 21 features Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS, which introduces modern hardware compatibility, and improves NTFS support.
The newer kernel should also provide enhanced support for Intel Alder Lake processors and newer GPUs.
### System Resource Usage
![linux mint 21 resource usage][8]
Linux Mint is based on Ubuntu. The underlying performance improvement should be there but don’t expect a huge difference in the resource usage compared to the previous Mint edition.
The screenshot above gives you an idea of idle usage with Linux Mint 21 Cinnamon. It could be a different story for Xfce or MATE editions.
### Package Updates & Other Improvements
![linux mint 21 package manager][9]
Obviously, you can expect newer package updates with Linux Mint 21.
For instance, the latest Firefox browser is pre-installed as a deb file instead of Snap, which is a notable change compared to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.
The process of uninstallation gets refinements where the application’s dependencies will be evaluated before completely removing it. Furthermore, any associated dependencies installed along the application, which are not needed by the system, will be automatically removed at the time of uninstallation.
You no longer have to rely on **apt autoremove** command to remove unnecessary dependencies.
### Not The Most Exciting Upgrade: Is It?
The Linux Mint team has made it clear that it follows the upstream but filters away the bad changes that users hate.
Whether it is about Firefox being a Snap or anything else, Linux Mint 21 manages to provide a close-to-home experience without forcing the feature upgrades introduced with Ubuntu LTS releases.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/linux-mint-21-review/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/upgrade-linux-mint-version/
[2]: https://youtu.be/-D7NWmfxutk
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/linux-mint-21-home.jpg
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/linux-mint-21-sticky-notes.jpg
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/cant-run-appimage-ubuntu/
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/linux-mint-21-blueman.jpg
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/linux-mint-21-neofetch.jpg
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/linux-mint-21-resource-usage.jpg
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/linux-mint-21-package-manager.jpg

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sources/tech/20220903 GNOME Web 43 Looks Beautiful with Adwaita Tab View.md
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@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
[#]: subject: "GNOME Web 43 Looks Beautiful with Adwaita Tab View"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-web-43-tab-view/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
GNOME Web 43 Looks Beautiful with Adwaita Tab View
======
GNOME Web 43 Tab View looks awesome and its going to change your workflow.
Our beloved GNOME Web (Epiphany) becoming more and more intuitive in every passing day – thanks to the developers.
Recently, it has been ported to GTK4, libadwaita which brings the nice looks overall and some cool new features. All of these changes arriving on [GNOME 43][1] release due in a few weeks.
### GNOME Web 43 Tab View
In my opinion, the most cool feature of GNOME Web 43 is the Tab view. Here’s how it looks.
![GNOME Web 43 Tab View][2]
Cool, isn’t it? Here are the key features.
The GNOME Web 43 tab view brings small and **responsive preview of all the open tabs** in a single page. It’s a different view in GNOME Web 43 and do not get confused with the default recent page view.
A **new toolbar button** at the top bar of GNOME Web kicks off this view. Its a **toggle** button, that means – to turn off this view, simply click again.
Next, the tab view is **responsive** in nature. That means, as you keep on adding tabs, the tab views **resizes** itself by calculating available space from the size of parent Web dialog.
Since the GNOME Web 43 tab view is completely different page of the Web, it has two additional controls.
First is a **search button** at the left top section of Tab view which enables you to search the *titles*of the open tabs. Its dynamic and search result arrives in the same page.
Secondly, a new Tab button at the bottom helps you to **create a new tab** from Web’s Tab view page itself. That means, you don’t need to go to the horizontal tab view to create a tab.
Also, if you press escape in this view, you go back to the main view. Finally a total tab count at the top section – gives you a hint of how many tabs you have opened.
### Video
Here’s a nice video which I prepared to show you how cool it is.
![][3]
So, in summary, here’s what you get in GNOME Web 43 tab view:
* Tab view is a new page with responsive preview of your open tabs.
* Search and create tab option.
* Drag and drop feature to re-order the tab thumbnails.
* All the tab context menu features (such as Pin tab, reload tab, etc.) available in this tab view.
* Awesome keyboard shortcuts to browse the tabs (such as CTRL+Page Up and Down to go up and back).
* Tab preview image is dynamic, that means as your page loads, tab view refreshes by itself!
### Implementation
This feature is courtesy of libadwaita library. It was available since libadwaita v1.0, but implemented now. You can read the documentation [here][4].
```
final class Adw.TabView : Gtk.Widget {
/* No available fields */
}
AdwTabView*
adw_tab_view_new (
void
)
```
*The main TabView class and constructor to create Tabview*
As of writing this post, this feature is NOT yet merged (MR!1190) to Epiphany main branch for GNOME 43. Above screenshots and feature highlights are from the development version of Web 43.
### What about Files, Terminal and Text editor?
I know what you are thinking.
What if the same feature arrives in Files or in GNOME Terminal? Wouldn’t it be cool?
Yes, there is a strong possibility. Because the feature is actually part of Libadwaita and Web is the first native app that implements it.
If GNOME devs want, Files and other native apps can inherit this feature via libadwaita. However, I haven’t came across any draft/roadmap to implement this for other apps, yet.
### Wrapping up
So, that about this cool new GNOME Web 43 tab view feature. Finally, Web is becoming a viable alternative web browser other than Firefox.
What do you think about the above feature? Do let me know in the comment box.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-web-43-tab-view/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-43/
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GNOME-Web-43-Tab-View.jpg
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GNOME-43-Web-Tav-View.mp4
[4]: https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/libadwaita/doc/1-latest/ctor.TabView.new.html

146
sources/tech/20220908 Connect to Ubuntu 20.04 from Windows 10 [Beginner-s Guide].md
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@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
[#]: subject: "Connect to Ubuntu 20.04 from Windows 10 [Beginner’s Guide]"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/connect-ubuntu-20-04-windows-10/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Connect to Ubuntu 20.04 from Windows 10 [Beginner’s Guide]
======
This beginner’s guide helps you remotely connect to Ubuntu 20.04 from Windows 10. We show you the easy steps with an example.
If you work in a networked environment at your work or set up a small network at home (wired or wireless), you are often required to remote connect to your Ubuntu machine (or any Linux machine).
Although I have created this guide in Ubuntu 20.04 and Windows 10, the following steps ideally should work for any Linux distribution which supports Xrdp for remote connection.
Technically, there are many ways of connecting to any system over the network (internet or intranet). You can use a client such as Remmina (which is an excellent client) to connect via VNC, and RDP protocol. You can even connect via ssh with X forwarding as well.
In this basic guide, I have used the [Xrdp][1], a free and open-source utility server for Microsoft RDP protocol available in Windows.
### Connect to Ubuntu 20.04 from Windows 10 via remote desktop
#### Step 1: Install xrdp in Ubuntu
The following steps do not require any installation or configuration in Windows 10. Although, you must have enough privilege to run the Microsoft RDP client (mstsc).
In Ubuntu 20.04 (or any Ubuntu version or other similar distributions), install the Xrdp via terminal using the below commands.
```
sudo apt install xrdp
```
If you are using Fedora – use the command below.
```
sudo dnf install xrdp
```
And for Arch, use –
```
pacman -S xrdp
```
This should install the xrdp server in your Linux system.
#### Step 2: Enable xrdp service
The next step is to enable the `xrdp` service. The service needs to be always running to listen to incoming remote desktop requests. So to do that, run the below command in Ubuntu (and other systemd-based Linux distributions).
```
systemctl enable xrdp
```
This [systemctl][2] command enables your system to start the service immediately and ensure that it runs automatically the next time you boot.
![enable xrdp][3]
You might want to check whether the service is running via the below command:
```
systemctl status xrdp
```
Also, open the Ubuntu settings and`Enable Sharing` and `Enable Screen Sharing`. Follow the below screenshots.
![Enable sharing in settings][4]
![Enable sharing in settings][5]
#### Step 3: Connect to Ubuntu
Open the Windows 10 Start menu and type Remote to bring up the remote connection dialog. You can also press CTRL+R and run mstsc.
![Start Remote connection from Windows][6]
On the above window, **give the IP address of the target Ubuntu 20.04 system**. You can get the IP address from the `Settings -> Wifi or Network` Section. Alternatively, you can run `ifconfig` or `ip a` to get the IPV4 address of the system.
```
ifconfig
```
Or –
```
ip a
```
Finally, click connect. You should see the below Xrdp prompt.
![xrdp prompt][7]
Choose the session as xrdp or xvnc. Give the username and password of the Ubuntu 20.04 system and press OK.
You should be connected to the Ubuntu 20.04 system.
![Ubuntu 20.04 Connected from Windows 10][8]
### Usage notes and troubleshooting
* Slow rdp session
The response of the remote session is dependent on your network speed. So you might feel a little bit of slowness on actions (click, scroll, etc) on the desktop.
* Blank screen on rdp session
Ensure the user is logged off from the target Ubuntu 20.04 session – which you use for remote connect. If the user logged on and you are connecting – you might see a blank screen in Windows 10 rdp session. This has happened on my test, and I am yet to find out why.
* No customization in rdp session
Ideally, when you log on, a default Xorg profile will be created for the same user. That means you might not see any customizations done by the user. A basic GNOME Shell with all options will be available.
* Repeated Authentication Required popup
![Authentication Prompt][9]
There is a chance that you may see multiple popups (like above) asking for a username and password. The main reason is the implementation of Polkit (a component for controlling system-wide privileges) within Ubuntu. When you log in, Polkit rules check whether the user has certain privileges to perform actions (active or passive). The Polkit rules are more restrictive when connecting via RDP. Hence the popup for Authentication. Fixing this requires a complex Polkit rule setup for the remote RDP users. I am still testing this and am not quite able to fix it. The resolution to this problem will be in an upcoming article.
I hope this guide helps you to set up basic RDP from Windows 10 to Ubuntu 20.04. This guide does not require any additional software installation in Windows 10.
[Next: Connect to WiFi Using Terminal in Arch Linux and Other Distros][10]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/connect-ubuntu-20-04-windows-10/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: http://xrdp.org/
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/systemd-systemctl-service/
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/enable-xrdp.jpg
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Enable-sharing-in-settings.png
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/enable-sharing-in-settings-2.png
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Start-Remote-connection-from-Windows2.png
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/xrdp-prompt.jpg
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Ubuntu-20.04-Connected-from-Windows-10-1.jpg
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Authentication-Prompt.jpg
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/connect-wifi-terminal-linux/

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[#]: subject: "Linux Mint 21 Review: Still Fresh and Easiest Distro to Try"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/linux-mint-21-review/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Linux Mint 21 Review: Still Fresh and Easiest Distro to Try
======
Here’s the detailed review and benchmark of Linux Mint 21 “Vanessa”.
### Introduction
Linux Mint 21 arrived on July 31, 2022, with two years of updates after its predecessor Linux Mint 20 Ulyana. Two years is a long time in software. A lot has happened since then. Although Linux Mint 21 Vanessa is based on Ubuntu 22.04 at its core, it’s still different.
Mint devs diverged away from the certain decisions of Ubuntu for the benefit of its users. In that sense, Linux Mint still “just works” for everyone, for almost all hardware, to this very day.
In this review article, I will discuss how Linux Mint 21 performed in two bare metal test setups (details below), a benchmark against Ubuntu 22.04 LTS GNOME and some user feedback.
### Linux Mint 21 – Feature Check
Before I go over the review items, a quick recap on the new features of this version compared to the past release.
Linux Mint 21 is based on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and features the LTS mainline Kernel 5.15. That’s about at the core.
Other than that, there are some unique updates arriving in the desktop, settings and several places. In this release, you get the default support for WebP image format, a changed desktop settings section with more improved groupings and much-needed driverless printing support via Internet Printing Protocol (IPP).
In addition, two important change which is worth highlighting in this release. Although it is based on Ubuntu, Mint never follow what Ubuntu tries to push via “user-centric features”.
So, Linux Mint 21 is completely free of Snap. Firefox is good old vanilla Debian package which you get by default. Flatpak is installed by default, and the controversial Out of memory from Systemd is also disabled.
These are the key differences and improvements compared to the prior release and Ubuntu 22.04. A detailed feature walk-through is available [here][1] if you want to give it a read.
### Bare metal install and review
**Testbed 1 (new hardware)**
* AMD RYZEN 7 (5000 Series), AMD RAEDON Graphics with SSD and 14 GB RAM
* Triple boot with Windows 11, Fedora 35
**Testbed 2 (older hardware)**
* Intel Core i3, NVIDIA CUDA GeForce (350) with SSD and 4GB RAM
* Triple boot with Debian, KDE Neon
### Test Results
Testing for this review is done on the flagship version, “Cinnamon Edition”, which comes with 2.4 GB of ISO size. The ISO size is pretty standard and not much like Ubuntu which is more than 3 GB.
Linux Mint uses the Ubiquity installer, which is stable, and during installation in both the hardware with dual boot/triple boot – all went fine.
GRUB is preserved, and all the operating systems are detected in both systems. I was kind of worried about the Legacy BIOS before installation, but all went well.
Installation time in both the hardware is close to 5 minutes, excluding the partition steps.
After the first login, no surprise I found. Since I have not selected the Wi-Fi connectivity during installation, I had to set it up after the first boot.
Bluetooth, wireless connection to the internet, sound – all work well in both old and new hardware.
The printer is one of the important items I always check for distro review. So, I have an HP Deskjet 2300 series printer which worked out of the box in Linux Mint. I am pretty impressed because the same printer doesn’t work well in Fedora and Ubuntu without installing HPLIP.
So, that’s a win.
Since Linux Mint pre-loads all the necessary software, you do not need to install anything after set up. It’s one of the few Linux distros ready to use after installation.
Since Mint devs think about users and community feedback, this version is free of Snap packages. Flatpak is preinstalled, and Firefox is the native deb package.
In addition, Linux Mint 21 also disables the Out of memory situation, which recently created quite an uproar after the Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish release.
### Summary of the results
So, in summary, all the following works well without any crashes or errors in both my test hardware.
* Printer
* Bluetooth (with earphones and external speaker sound output)
* Wi-Fi connection
* Volume controls
* Wireless Mouse and Keyboard Detection
* Wake up from standby (both normal and force lid close)
* External monitor connection with HDMI (separate scaling/resolution in the different monitors)
Finally, I was surprised that Mint detected my ancient NVIDIA GeForce card, which gives me trouble in almost all the distros today since the driver is deprecated.
Overall, excellent and solid performance in basic connectivity and hardware.
Let’s talk about some performance metrics.
### Performance
With a basic load (a file manager, terminal, and browse, the older hardware consumes 1 GB of memory which is about 25% of available physical memory. And CPU is at 2 % to 3% on average. Most of the resources are consumed by the Cinnamon desktop and Bluetooth agent.
![Linux Mint performance in older hardware][2]
With a little higher load, the modern hardware performs satisfactorily. With Firefox with ten tabs, one terminal window, file manager, LibreOffice and a Flatpak app – it uses around 4GB of memory, and the CPU is identical up to 3%.
![Linux Mint performance in newer hardware][3]
Although the memory usage is a little higher in new hardware, I believe its because of the running applications. The maximum memory is consumed by Firefox in this use case.
### Benchmark against Ubuntu 22.04
I did a benchmark on Geekbench (version 5) of Linux Mint 21 against Ubuntu 22.04 and Fedora 35 KDE. It performed well above that two distributions in the same hardware.
The key points where Mint scores a little less are text rendering and image compression. This is partial, I believe, due to the Muffin of Linux Mint. Muffin may not be close to performant compared to Mutter at this moment. But I hope it soon to be.
A detailed benchmark is available [here][4] (if you want to read it in detail), and a screenshot is below.
![Linux Mint 21 benchmark in Geekbench 5][5]
### Ground report
Features and performance aside, how is this version performing out in the wild?
Unfortunately, the official bug tracker in Linux Mint GitHub is not correctly tagged with the release version. Also, there is no official page listing all the bugs injected/reported after a major release. Too bad for the quality.
Nonetheless, around 66 bugs/issues were [reported][6] between 31-July-2022 (release day) and Sep-8-2022 for Mint and Cinnamon in GitHub.
So, around 1.6 bugs per day.
However, most bugs are related to cosmetic items of Cinnamon desktop, screensaver, Cinnamon themes, animation, etc.
Not many critical bugs to be a showstopper.
The software will always have bugs. Hell, Windows have thousands of bugs in general, even today. But no matter the situation or the error, the overall desktop still works. Your work usually doesn’t get stuck for these cosmetic bugs.
I also checked the official Mint forum, Reddit and Facebook Mint groups – the same issues users reported related to cosmetic items.
### Wrapping up
Linux Mint is for average users, migrated users and for first timers. I believe, Linux Mint developers did a good job by keeping this vision untouched in Linux Mint 21, by carefully bypassing difficult decisions by Ubuntu.
From the Linux adaptation standpoint, it does work, still today. A go-to distribution for all use cases.
Yes, there are minor errors and bugs, but they don’t get in the way. An experienced user always finds a way around it. New users can continue their work in Mint without worrying much about Linux.
I believe I can term this release as “Ubuntu done right”.
That said, you can download the latest version from the [official website][7].
[Next: Connect to Ubuntu 20.04 from Windows 10 [Beginner’s Guide]][8]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/linux-mint-21-review/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/linux-mint-21-features/
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Linux-Mint-performance-in-older-hardware.jpg
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Linux-Mint-performance-in-newer-hardware.jpg
[4]: https://browser.geekbench.com/v5/cpu/compare/15728414?baseline=17124930
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Linux-Mint-21-benchmark-in-Geekbench-5.jpg
[6]: https://github.com/linuxmint/cinnamon/issues
[7]: https://www.linuxmint.com/download.php
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/connect-ubuntu-20-04-windows-10/

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sources/tech/20221026.3 ⭐️⭐️ Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Review A Promising “Official” Start.md
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[#]: subject: "Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Review: A Promising “Official” Start"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-unity-22-10-review/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Review: A Promising “Official” Start
======
**We review Ubuntu Unity 22.10, which becomes an official Ubuntu flavour from this release onwards.**
For the fans of Unity desktop, it’s a piece of good news. Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Kinetic Kudu became the official Ubuntu flavour featuring Unity desktop after Canonical officially abandoned it on April 2018. You can now enjoy the officially supported Unity desktop with an Ubuntu base.
That means you get the usual security and package updates following the Ubuntu release schedule.
I did a hands-on on the official Ubuntu Unity desktop, and here’s what I found.
![Ubuntu Unity 22.01 Login Screen][1]
Ubuntu Unity 22.01 Login Screen
### Ubuntu Unity 22.10 Review
At its core, Ubuntu Unity 22.10 features Linux Kernel 5.19, and the core modules are aligned with Ubuntu 22.10. The desktop version is Unity 7, which is the current stable version.
However, its successor UnityX is still under development for more than a year, so hopefully, you will get a more advanced Unity desktop in the future.
#### First look and themes
At first glance, you should notice the purple-based Ubuntu Unity with the Kinetic Kudu mascot. The left bar is static and includes only the essential items (LibreOffice & Settings). The shortcut to global search is at the top of the sidebar. The top bar contains the power menu, network, calendar and time widgets. And the Trash shortcut is at the bottom of the left bar.
![Unity Global Search][2]
Unity Global Search
The default theme is Yaru dark with a purple-based colour combination. Which I believe doesn’t look good with orange borders in several controls (text box, etc.). In addition, the Yaru and Yaru dark both are strict light and dark themes. That means you can’t have a mix of a light theme with a dark title bar.
However, the team also includes the good ol’ Ambiance and Radiance themes which you can easily apply with the Unity Tweak Tool (requires installation) – this would give you the good ol’ Ubuntu feel.
![Yaru Dark Theme in Ubuntu Unity 22.10][3]
Yaru Dark Theme in Ubuntu Unity 22.10
![Ambiance theme brings back the old days][4]
Ambiance theme brings back the old days
The main attraction of Unity is two significant items. The global search via HUD and the global menu at the top bar. In this release, you get both of them. This is an ideal desktop for those who want clean app windows and more screen space.
![Unity Global search inside app options][5]
Unity Global search inside app options: one of the best features of Unity
Furthermore, a new feature adds a tweak at the top bar where you can switch the themes without launching the Unity Tweak tool. However, this option is only visible for the Yaru theme for some strange reason.
![New option to switch accent color and theme][6]
New option to switch accent colour and theme
#### Applications
If you are new to Ubuntu Unity, you should know that this distro doesn’t have any native apps of its own. It ships basic apps, which most users need.
However, there is a change in the 22.10 version. Earlier (when it was unofficial), Ubuntu Unity was shipping some GNOME Apps as default. Since the implementation of libadwaita and moving to GTK4, the team now replaced most of them with the native-MATE applications. For example, the Pluma text editor from MATE is now part of Unity.
Other than that, Firefox Snap and Thunderbird [email client][7] is added as default, also LibreOffice suite.
Thanks to the above apps, the ISO size is less than 3 GB, and performance is way faster.
### Performance
Overall, Ubuntu Unity 22.10 performance is speedy. Both in idle and heavy workload state. There are no fancy animations other than the places where it is needed. The HUD search is fast, and you can launch apps right away.
In addition, window operations such as minimize, maximize, and drag feel snappy. There is no lag whatsoever. At idle, it uses 1GB of memory. In a heavy workload state, it increases up to 2.2GB, based on how many apps you are running.
![Ubuntu Unity performance at idle state][8]
Ubuntu Unity performance at idle state
Ubuntu Unity is really outperforming vanilla Ubuntu. It feels faster than vanilla GNOME with Ubuntu. It might be one of the contenders for lightweight Linux distros in the coming days.
However, the default installation takes 12 GB of disk space – which I believe is a little higher than other distros in the same category.
### Summary
- Linux Kernel 5.19 with Ubuntu 22.10 base
- Firefox 106 web browser (Snap)
- Flatpak is not installed by default
- Unity 7 desktop
- Nemo file manager
- Pluma text editor (1.26)
- LibreOffice 7.4
- Thunderbird 102.
- Only available as X.Org (not yet ready for Wayland)
### Wrapping Up
Ubuntu Unity 22.10, being official, is a promising start for the Unity desktop to become more mature. From the development viewpoint, a colossal amount of work awaits to make it to UnityX (the next version of 7). Also, it only supports X.Org and no Wayland at the moment. Wayland might be a deal breaker for some users to adopt this as a daily driver for performance-centric workloads.
That being said, Ubuntu Unity 22.10 is perfect for the average user for everyday work and perfect for smaller display form factors. If you like the Unity design, HUD search, global menu, and left action buttons – then it’s for you.
Give it a try.
You can download Ubuntu Unity 22.10 on the [official website][9].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-unity-22-10-review/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Ubuntu-Unity-22.01-Login-Screen-1024x638.jpg
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Unity-Global-Search.jpg
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Yaru-Dark-Theme-in-Ubuntu-Unity-22.10.jpg
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Ambiance-theme-brings-back-the-old-days.jpg
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Unity-Global-search-inside-app-options.jpg
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/New-option-to-switch-accent-color-and-theme.jpg
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/best-email-client-linux-windows/
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Ubuntu-Unity-performance-at-idle-state.jpg
[9]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-unity/releases/kinetic/release

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[#]: via: "https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/11/06/making-a-dns-query-in-ruby-from-scratch/"
[#]: author: "Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: "Drwhooooo"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "

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[#]: subject: "How to Upgrade to Linux Mint 21 from Mint 20.3 [Complete Guide]"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/upgrade-linux-mint-21-from-20-3/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
How to Upgrade to Linux Mint 21 from Mint 20.3 [Complete Guide]
======
**This guide gives you all the information you need to Upgrade to Linux Mint 21 (Vanessa) from Linux 20.3.**
Linux Mint 21 Vanessa was recently released with the latest Ubuntu 22.04 base and other additional features. If you are running the earlier Linux Mint 20.3, now it is possible to do a major version upgrade using the graphical tool by Linux Mint.
But before you upgrade, you need to do some housekeeping because major version upgrades always come with a fair amount of risk.
That said, make sure of the following before performing the upgrade.
Before you perform the upgrade, remember the followings:
- The current version upgrade is only possible from Linux Mint 20.3 to Linux Mint 21 Vanessa.
- What does this mean? If you are running Linux Mint 20.2 or Linux Mint 20.1, you can not directly upgrade to 21. Instead, you need to perform `sudo apt update` and `sudo apt upgrade` to reach 20.3. And then follow the steps.
### Things to do before the Upgrade Attempt
- Open the Update Manager and make sure your system is up to date until Linux Mint 20.3.
- Use TImeshift to create a system restore point after you apply all the pending updates in the above step. If something happens, you can always restore it to this point in time.
- Take a backup of all of your home, downloads, documents, pictures and videos folders.
- Disable any third-party PPA that you may have added. You can find those in the `System Settings > Software Sources > PPAs` or `Additional Repositories` tabs.
- Make sure you have a minimum of 10 GB to 15 GB of free disk space in the root file system.
- (Optional) [Prepare a LIVE USB][1] of Linux Mint 20.3 if you cannot boot it after a failed upgrade. It will help to restore via Timeshift.
- (Optional) Finally, do a fresh reboot before you follow the steps.
- Ensure you have a stable internet connection and have around 1.5 hours to give attention to the upgrade process.
### Upgrade to Linux Mint 21 from Linux Mint 20.3 [Graphical Method]
- Open a terminal window and run the following command to install [mintupgrade][2] utility. This is a GUI-based program which Linux Mint modified for major version upgrades. It makes the upgrade easier for general users who are not comfortable with the command prompt.
```
sudo apt install mintupgrade
```
- Now, from the command, run the program.
```
sudo mintupgrade
```
- You should see the following prompt, which tells you the ‘upgrade to Linux Mint 21’ is available. Click on Let’s Go.
![Upgrade to Linux Mint 21 from 20.3 via mintupgrade tool][3]
- The tool will verify your system for any problems and tell you to fix them. If you see a **FIX** button, click on that to resolve the error (after reading the details in the window).
- It will also give you a list of packages which require a downgrade.
- In the end, you should see a summary of the packages to be downloaded or removed.
- Press OK to start the upgrade process.
![Final Upgrade summary][4]
- The program first downloads the packages. Then start to upgrade each one of the packages. Wait for the process to finish for close to an hour (based on your standard internet speed).
![Upgrading to Mint 21][5]
- After the download and installation, you should see a successful upgrade prompt.
![Successful Upgrade][6]
- Now, reboot the system, and you should be greeted with brand new Linux Mint 21.
### Things to remember during the Upgrade
- Usually, the upgrade process is smooth and should not be an issue. It takes around 1 hour and 15 minutes for a base install.
- The upgrade process may seem stalled sometime up to ~10 minutes, and you may not see any visible progress on the screen other than the progress animation.
- So, you need to wait until it completes all the steps. Alternatively, you can also watch the status in the terminal window.
- If you end up with a broken upgrade system, you can boot from a LIVE Mint USB/CD and restore your system with Timeshift backup.
If the upgrade fails, you may try for a new upgrade via this official [guide][7].
### Post Upgrade Steps
- If you have disabled the third-party PPAs, enable them and do a system update check. You can find the third-party PPs at the `System Settings > Software Sources > PPAs` or `Additional Repositories` tabs.
- Verify whether your documents, pictures and videos are present.
- Also, check if your browser add-ons and extensions are working fine.
- For this version, you should also check whether your **Printer and Bluetooth**are working. Because Mint 21 introduces IPP (a new protocol for printing) and a new Bluetooth manager.
- Finally, you may want to check out the [Top 10 features of Linux Mint 21][8] before you start using it.
### Wrapping Up
It is always better to do a fresh installation if you can afford it. However, upgrades are also acceptable.
I hope this guide helped you to do the Linux Mint upgrade. If you face any issues, let me know using the comment box below.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/upgrade-linux-mint-21-from-20-3/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/etcher-bootable-usb-linux/
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/mint-upgrade-tool/
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Upgrade-to-Linux-Mint-21-from-20.3-via-mintupgrade-tool.jpg
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Final-Upgrade-summary.jpg
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Upgrading-to-Mint-21.gif
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Successfull-Upgrade.jpg
[7]: https://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/2
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/linux-mint-21-features/

169
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[#]: subject: "Use Rexx for scripting in 2023"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/12/rexx-scripting"
[#]: author: "Howard Fosdick https://opensource.com/users/howtech"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Use Rexx for scripting in 2023
======
In a [previous article][1], I showed how the Rexx scripting language is both powerful and easy to use. It uses specific techniques to reconcile these two goals that are often considered in conflict.
This article walks you through two example Rexx scripts so you can get a feel for the language. Rexx purports to be highly capable yet easy to work with.
### An example of a Rexx script
The [LISP programming language][2] is famous for its overuse of parentheses. It can be a real challenge for programmers to ensure they're all matched up correctly.
This short script reads a line of LISP code from the user and determines whether the parentheses in the input are properly matched. If the parentheses aren't properly balanced, the program displays a syntax error.
Below are three sample interactions with the program. In the first, the LISP code I entered was correctly typed. But the next two contain mismatched parentheses that the Rexx script identifies:
```
Enter a line to analyze:
(SECOND (LAMBDA (LIS) (FIRST (CDR LIS)) ))
Parentheses are balanced
Enter a line to analyze:
((EQSTR (CAR LIS1) (CAR LIS2))
Syntax error: too many left parens, not balanced
Enter a line to analyze:
(EQSTR (CAR LIS1) CAR LIS2))
Syntax error: right paren before or without left paren
```
Here's the Rexx program:
```
counter = 0 /* counts parentheses */
say 'Enter a line to analyze:' /* prompts user for input */
pull input_string /* reads line of user input */
length_of_string = length(input_string)
/* process each character of the input line, one at a time */
do j = 1 to length_of_string while counter >= 0
character = substr(input_string,j,1)
if character = '(' then counter = counter + 1
if character = ')' then counter = counter - 1
end
/* display the appropriate message to the user */
if counter = 0 then
say 'Parentheses are balanced'
else if counter < 0 then
say 'Syntax error: right paren before or without left paren'
else
say 'Syntax error: too many left parens, not balanced'
```
First, the program prompts the user to enter a line of input with the `say` instruction. Then it reads it with a `pull` instruction.
`The say` and `pull`  instructions are used for conversational input/output, or direct interaction with users. Rexx also supports character-oriented and line- or record- oriented I/O.
Next, the script uses the `length` function to place the length of the input line into the variable `length_of_string`.
The `do` loop processes each character from the input line, one at a time. It increments the `counter` each time it encounters a left parenthesis, and decrements it each time it recognizes a right parenthesis.
If the `counter` ends up as zero after processing the entire input line, the program knows that any parentheses in the input line match up correctly. If the `counter` is not 0 after processing, the input line has mismatched parentheses.
The final `if` statements display the proper message to the user. One could code these `if` statements in any number of styles, as per individual preference. (The main requirement is that whenever multiple statements are coded within a branch, they must be enclosed in a `do...end` group.)
This program shows that Rexx is free-form and case-insensitive. It does not rely on reserved words, so you're free to use common words like `counter` or `character` to represent variables.
The one key requirement Rexx does impose is that any function must immediately be followed by a left parenthesis. Examples in the program are the `length` and `substr` functions. Put a space between a function name and its following parenthesis, and Rexx won't recognize the function.
Outside of a few minimal requirements like these, Rexx requires very little from the programmer in terms of syntax, special characters, or restrictive coding rules.
Rexx programs look and read like pseudo-code. This makes them relatively easy to read and work with.
### A real-world example of a Rexx script
Here's a program from the real world:
Les Koehler, a Rexx user, had a legacy accounting program that matched accounting records on hand against those that a vendor sent to him daily. The legacy program ran for several hours every day to process 25,000 records. It employed a sequential "walk the list" technique to match one set of records against the other.
Les replaced the legacy program with a Rexx script. The Rexx script performs matching by using associative arrays:
```
/* Create an associative array reflecting */
/* the values in the first list of names */
/* by Les Koehler */
flag. = 0 /* Create array, set all items to 0 */
do a = 1 to list_a.0 /* Process all existing records */
aa = strip(list_a.a) /* Strip preceding/trailing blanks */
flag.aa = 1 /* Mark each record with a 1 */
end
/* Try to match names in the second list */
/* against those in the associative array */
m = 0 /* M counts number of missing names */
do b = 1 to list_b.0 /* Look for matching name from LIST_B */
bb = strip(list_b.b) /* Put LIST_B name into variable BB */
if \ flag.bb then do /* If name isn't in FLAG array */
m = m+1 /* add 1 to count of missing names */
missing.m = bb /* add missing name to MISSING array */
end
end
missing.0 = m /* Save the count of unmatched names */
```
Les was able to reduce processing time from several hours down to a matter of seconds.
The first line of code (`flag. = 0`) creates a new array called `flag` and initializes every element in that array to `0`.
The array `list_a` contains all the existing accounting records. Its first element (`list_a.0`) by convention contains the number of elements in the array.
So the first `do` loop processes all elements in the array of existing records (`list_a`) and marks each of them as existing in the `flag` array. The statement `flag.aa = 1` marks the content-addressable item in the `flag` array as present.
The second `do` loop peddles through each item in the set of new records, contained in the array called `list_b`.
The `if` statement checks whether an item from the second array of records is marked present in the `flag` array. If not, the program increments the number of items present in the new list of accounting records that do not exist in the old list of records. And it puts the missing item into the `missing` array: `missing.m = bb`.
The final statement (`missing.0 = m`) simply updates the number of items in the `missing` array, by convention stored in array position 0.
### Rexx improvements
Why is this Rexx program so fast compared to the legacy code it replaces? First, the associative arrays allow direct lookup of a new record against the old records. Direct access is much faster than the sequential "walk-the-list" technique it replaced.
Secondly, all the array elements reside in memory. Once the files of the old and new accounting records have been initialized into the Rexx arrays, no further disk I/O is needed. Disk I/O is always orders of magnitude slower than memory access.
A Rexx array expands as much as memory allows. This script takes advantage of modern computers with seemingly endless amounts of RAM, and frees the programmer from managing memory.
### Conclusion
I hope these two simple programs have shown how easy Rexx is to read, write, and maintain. Rexx is designed to put the burden of programming on the machine instead of the programmer. Yet the language still has plenty of power, due to the design techniques I've described in this series of articles.
For free Rexx downloads, tools, tutorials, and more, visit [RexxInfo.org][3]. You can join the [Rexx Language Association][4] for free.
_This article is dedicated to the memory of Les Koehler, who was active with Rexx and the Rexx community since their very earliest days._
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/12/rexx-scripting
作者：[Howard Fosdick][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/howtech
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://opensource.com/article/22/10/rexx-scripting-language
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/21/5/learn-lisp
[3]: http://www.RexxInfo.org
[4]: http://www.RexxLA.org

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[#]: subject: "Fedora 38: Overview of Its Features and Enhancements"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/fedora-38/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Fedora 38: Overview of Its Features and Enhancements
======
**Explore what’s in store for the upcoming Fedora 38 workstation release.**
Fedora (backed/financed by RedHat) has recently become popular with many Linux users. Usually, Ubuntu and Fedora are the two main “go-to” distributions for any workload. Due to several Ubuntu policies in the recent past and “over-friendliness” with Microsoft, a good number of long-term Linux users started adopting Fedora workstations for their desktops.
In addition, Fedora is backed by Red Hat, a leading open-source company, and it always pioneers adopting new technologies before any mainstream Linux distributions. Last year, Fedora was the first distro to offer the modern Wayland, Pipewire as default in its workstation flavour and a few performance-related improvements such as out-of-memory handling (OOM). All of these are eventually adopted by others later on.
The upcoming release – Fedora 38, also plans for some interesting new features and improvements, which make it an attractive option for developers, Linux users and system administrators.
### Schedule
As of publishing this, the changes are frozen at the moment for the Beta release. Hence it’s a good idea to explore the new features.
The Fedora 38 beta release is expected between March 14 and 21, 2023. And final release between April 18 and April 25, 2023.
### Fedora 38 Workstation: Best Features
#### GNOME 44
First, let’s talk about the Fedora 38 workstation edition, which defaults to the GNOME desktop.
Fedora 38 workstation features the GNOME 44 version of the desktop. In Fedora, you get the most authentic GNOME desktop experience since most of it ships as vanilla GNOME.
GNOME 44 is bringing background-apps feature in the system tray menu. Many applications and users take advantage of this feature when the main application window is not visible. Here’s how it looks in the system tray.
![Background apps mockup in GNOME][1]
The Files (aka Nautilus) gets the expanded folder view in GNOME 44, and you can enjoy this long-pending feature in Fedora 38 out-of-the-box. The view is available in list view, and you can quickly expand or collapse folders/sub-folders.
Furthermore, the file-open dialog now shows the image preview in the Grid-view layout, which was also pending for a decade. You can use this feature in Fedora 38 alongside many other smaller improvements of GNOME 44.
Read the GNOME 44 feature highlights in [detail here][2].
#### Other desktop environment flavours in Fedora 38
The KDE Plasma edition of Fedora 38 features the Plasma 5.27 desktop version. KDE Plasma 5.27, which was released recently, is the final Plasma release of the 5-series and brings some cool features. Key changes include the Tiling-widow feature, robust settings for multiple monitor displays, Wayland updates and a brand-new welcome screen. Note: Fedora 36 should get KDE Plasma 5.27 soon, before Fedora 38 release. It is currently under testing.
You can read the detailed [feature guide of Plasma 5.27 here][3].
![Multiple display configuration is now available from system tray][4]
Also, Fedora 38 to feature the Xfce 4.18 desktop in its Fedora 38 Xfce edition. Released a few weeks back, Xfce 4.18 is a massive release in terms of features after almost two years. You get a revamped Thunar file manager with a split view, image preview, robust FTP settings and more panel tweaks.
You can learn more about Xfce 4.18 on [this page][5] if you want before trying out Fedora 38 Xfce edition.
![Thunar split view and image preview][6]
On top of the above, other desktop flavours get their latest versions in Fedora 38, such as [LXQt 1.2.0][7] and MATE 1.26.
It’s worth mentioning that the Fedora LXQt flavour is [introducing][8] an aarch64 ISO image for users.
#### New official Sway window manager spin
Thanks to all the praise and popularity of the i3 window manager spin, the Fedora team is introducing an official Sway spin in Fedora 38. Those users who prefer a minimal desktop with a low memory footprint now enjoy Sway, which has excellent Wayland support. With Fedora’s capability with Wayland coverage, it’s an obvious user offering.
Also, an ostree version of Sway is also arriving, code-named “[Sericea][9]“.
#### Official Budgie desktop Spin
After many months of development by Joshua Strobl (lead of Buddies of Budgie), an official Fedora Budgie spin [debuts][10] in Fedora 38. Developed by the Solus project, it’s a lightweight yet featureful desktop environment. Plus, it does look professional and is an alternative offering for the menu/icon-driven desktop.
Many users have been waiting for this Fedora-Budgie variant since the Solus project is completely stalled.
#### Unfiltered Flathub packages
Fedora always advocates Flatpak packages. However, the largest collection of Flatpak apps, i.e. Flathub, was behind a filter. Because of that, you couldn’t install Flathub packages directly from the Software app. However, you had the option to change the filter and use it.
In Fedora 38, this filter moves away, and you get unrestricted access to Flathub packages. They all will be available in Software. First priority is given to Fedora core packages and following Flathub ones.
#### Core changes impacting all Fedora
The default systemd unit shutdown timer is [changing][11] from 2 minutes to 45 seconds. This has been a problem for some time when a buggy service may stall the system shutdown process for 2 minutes. The faulty service may cause unnecessary wait for the user. Now it has been changed to 45 seconds for this release, and the team will observe its feedback and user experience in the wild. It might be reduced to 15 seconds in future releases if all goes well.
Connecting to X server (X.Org or XWayland) from a different endian system other than one Big Endian architecture (s390x) is now [disabled by default][12] due to security concerns. However, users can create custom configurations to allow it.
The GNU toolchain in Fedora 38 is bumped up to their newest offerings as follows:
- GNU C Compiler 13.0
- GCC 13.0
- binutils 2.39
- glibc 2.37
- GNU Debugger 12.1
- GNU Make 4.4
- Golang 1.2
- Ruby 3.2
- PHP 8.2
Aiming to be [container-native][13] and provide Docker/OCI-based OS and package deployments, more work poured into Fedora 38, which the team termed as Phase 2 after initial work in prior releases.
Furthermore, to be a more secure and robust Linux distribution, Fedora 38 is bringing Unified Kernel Support as [phase 1][14] with initial work. This work places the basic building blocks to allow a unified kernel and would take a few future releases to support it completely.
> “A unified kernel image is an all-in-one efi binary containing kernel, initrd, cmdline and signature. The secure boot signature covers everything, specifically the initrd is included which is not the case when the initrd gets loaded as separate file from /boot.”
So, that’s about the significant changes coming up in Fedora 38. You can read in detail in the [changeset][15].
### Closing notes
This release is shaping up to be another major update that brings significant improvements and new features to the Linux desktop. With GNOME 44, Wayland enhancements, and the adoption of modern features aligning with industry needs, Fedora 38 is a compelling choice for developers, enthusiasts, and anyone looking for cutting-edge Linux distribution.
Fedora 38 will be released between April 18 and April 25, 2023.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/fedora-38/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Background-apps-mockup-in-GNOME.jpg
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/gnome-44/
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/kde-plasma-5-27/
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Multiple-display-configuration-is-now-available-from-system-tray.jpg
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/xfce-4-18-review/
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Thunar-split-view-and-image-preview.jpg
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/lxqt-1-2-0-features/
[8]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/LXQt_image_for_aarch64
[9]: https://fedora.gitlab.io/sigs/sway/sericea-docs/fedora-sericea/
[10]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/FedoraBudgie
[11]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Shorter_Shutdown_Timer
[12]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/XServerProhibitsByteSwappedClients
[13]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/OstreeNativeContainer
[14]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Unified_Kernel_Support_Phase_1
[15]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/38/ChangeSet

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[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Edubuntu 23.04: Best New Features
======
**Edubuntu 23.04 revives after eight years for thousands of educators and students. Here are the best new features.**
Edubuntu is a popular open-source educational operating system based on Ubuntu Linux. It targets students and teachers primarily and aims to be the “classroom Linux distro” with a solid Ubuntu base. The new release, Edubuntu 23.04, comes with exciting new features and updates that make it even more valuable for educators and students. This article will explore the best new features of Edubuntu 23.04.
Before that, a little background of this Ubuntu flavour.
Edubuntu was an official Ubuntu flavour until the Ubuntu 14.04 “release “Trust Tahr” release. The last release of Edubuntu was on April 2014, i.e. Edubuntu 14.04. Since then, it has been discontinued.
A few days back, Erich Eickmeyer, who is the Ubuntu Studio project leader, [announced][1] that Edubuntu is officially returning with the 23.04 with a revival plan.
And finally, the daily build images are available to try out before the final release.
![Edubuntu 23.04 Desktop][2]
### Edubuntu 23.04: Best New Features
#### User interface changes with modern GNOME
The last release of Edubuntu had Unity desktop by default. Because Ubuntu was focussing on the Unity desktop in 2014. And later, on October 2017, it was replaced by the GNOME desktop, which continues till today.
Edubuntu 23.04 features the default GNOME 44 desktop environment. GNOME 44 brings a lot of under-the-hood improvements and updates. That includes a few long pending changes. For the first time in a decade, you get the thumbnail view in the file picker in GNOME. In addition, Files get image copy to file creation feature and more. You can learn about these in this GNOME 44 feature guide.
So, if you have been coming back to use Edubuntu since 2014, then these are a lot to take in. And the modern GNOME 44 is entirely different from the Unity desktop back in 2014.
That being said, the new interface is designed to provide a better user experience, making navigating the system more accessible for students and teachers.
#### Look and feel with the new logo
The default GNOME desktop is not much tweaked to minimise the revival effort. So, a new Edubuntu logo debuts following the new Ubuntu logo “circle-of-friends” unveiled last year. The logo itself is a design feat with one person raising a hand showing the education theme.
![Edubuntu logo][3]
Edubuntu’s flagship red colour theme is complimented by the Yaru-Red theme. It is consistent across the desktop, including selections, GTK widgets and Plymouth.
![Edubuntu 23.04 with Yaru Red theme][4]
#### Accessibility and settings update
GNOME desktop, by default, is much more improved on the Accessibility front with many settings. In GNOME 44, the entire accessibility settings page is revamped. It is now based on a friendly name instead of a generic list of controls. Edubuntu 23.04 definitely going to provide a good experience with GNOME 44 for students having special needs.
Furthermore, the output and input section on the sound page in settings is shuffled for better clarity.
![Revamped Accessibility in Edubuntu 23.04][5]
#### Education specific applications
The most critical aspect of this distro is the applications specific to education. The default set of applications in Edubuntu 23.04 is well packaged, considering all types of students and their grade levels.
For generic office work, LibreOffice 7.5 is included. Browsing the web is easier with secure Firefox (snap).
Students who need art-related applications can take advantage of the below set of default apps:
- **GIMP** raster drawing program
- **Drawing** – simple image editor (similar to MS Paint)
- **Tux Paint** – drawing program for beginners
- **LibreCAD** – Free and open-source computer-aided design app
- **Inkscape** – Vector drawing program
A well set of language and learning tools to help all students across grades. Here’s a list:
- **Endeavor** – GTK-based to-do manager
- **Gobby** – an excellent tool for collaborative document editing over a network
- **Ulcc** – teach children through pictures.
- **Khangman and KWordquiz** – to learn and teach new words
- **PDFMod** – PDF editor
- **Calibre** – e-book management
Furthermore, a few important apps which are specialised and are perfect for specific subjects learning are also included.
- **Gramps** – genealogical research application
- **KGeography** – to learn world map
- **Fritzing** – electronic circuit designer and simulator
![Fritzing - circuit design app][6]
A huge collection of science and math applications are already installed by default.
- **Atomix** – Puzzle game about atoms and molecules
- **Chemtool** – design chemical diagrams
- **Kalzium** – Learn periodic table
- **Light speed** – An OpenGL-based program developed to illustrate the effects of special relativity on the appearance of moving objects
- **Rocs** – Graph theory simulator
- **Stellarium** – free and open-source planetarium software
- **Step** – Interactive physics simulator
- **Dia** – diagramming application
- **Kalgebra** – learn algebra interactively
In addition, GNOME Extensions manager is pre-installed in Edubuntu for easy installation for extensions, taking the effort away from educators.
#### Application controls for students
Since many applications and packages are installed, it’s necessary to have control in place to restrict certain apps for specific users. Edubuntu has a built-in menu editor. Using this utility, you can hide certain apps from the menu that are non-admin users.
![Edubuntu menu administration][7]
#### Hardware support and core changes
At the core, Edubuntu 23.04 is powered by the latest Linux Kernel 6.2. This brings all modern hardware, CPU, CPU, ports and file system support.
Python 3.11 is included as part of the Ubuntu base to help students to learn this popular programming language.
#### Performance and related attributes
Since many applications are packages installed by default, the default ISO size is slightly larger. The current ISO size is almost ~6 GB, which is massive. So, deploying this distro requires a larger download and USB stick.
The performance is identical to the base Ubuntu with GNOME. However, as per the number of educational apps you launch, the resource requirement would increase significantly. Also, you need to remember the CPU speed while installing Edubuntu because of math and science apps.
I believe that any modern laptop or desktop lineup (not more than five years old) should work just fine with Edubuntu 23.04.
On the installation side, it uses the old Ubiquity installer from Ubuntu (not the new one), so I believe it would be stable and easy to use.
### Download
You can download to try Edubuntu 23.04 daily build using the below link. You may try it out in a virtual machine or physical system. Remember that it has some bugs, and some apps show unexpected behaviour.
[Download Edubuntu 23.04 (testing)][8]
### Closing Notes
Edubuntu 23.04 is an excellent distro for educational purposes, and the new features and improvements in this release make it even more valuable for students and teachers. From improved user interface to better language support, Edubuntu 23.04 has something for everyone. Its enhanced collaboration tools, multimedia support, and science/math apps are perfect for classrooms.
We are glad that it’s back!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/edubuntu-23-04/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
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[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
[1]: https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/announcing-edubuntu-revival/32929
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Edubuntu-23.04-Desktop.jpg
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Edubuntu-logo.jpg
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Edubuntu-23.04-with-Yaru-Red-theme.jpg
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Revamped-Accessibility-in-Edubuntu-23.04.jpg
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Fritzing-circuit-design-app.jpg
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Edubuntu-menu-administration.jpg
[8]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/edubuntu/daily-live/current/

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[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Ubuntu Budgie 23.04: Best New Features
======
**A list of the best new features of Ubuntu Budgie 23.04 “Lunar Lobster” release, which brings the latest Budgie desktop and more enhancements.**
Ubuntu Budgie, the official Ubuntu flavour of the Budgie desktop, plans to release version 23.04, “Lunar Lobster”, based on Ubuntu 23.04. This latest version comes with the newest budgie-desktop v10.7.1, bringing some exciting updates.
Ubuntu Budgie 23.04 is currently undergoing beta testing, and the release is planned on April 20, 2023.
![Ubuntu Budgie 23.04 Desktop][1]
Let’s find out what’s in store for the Budgie fans.
### Ubuntu Budgie 23.04: Best new features
The release of Ubuntu Budgie 23.04 is particularly noteworthy because the Budgie desktop 10.7.1 has undergone significant re-architecture, introduced new APIs for extensibility, and provided a more polished user experience.
#### Search and Budgie Menu
One of the most significant changes is the introduction of a new application indexer, which replaces the use of libgnome-menus and unifies the logic used in both Budgie Menu and Budgie Run Dialog. This results in greater consistency in the applications shown to users. The new indexer also provides more reliable indexing of applications across various directories used to store desktop files.
The implementation improves the categorization of applications by aggregating entries into more relevant and commonly used categories such as “Administration”, “Settings”, and “System,” which are all grouped into “System”. This respects the custom desktop directories created by users through third-party menu editors that write to the user’s .local/share/desktop-directories folder.
![System now consolidates all related options][2]
Additionally, the search in Budgie Menu has been abstracted into its own “relevancy search”. It is now used in both Budgie Menu and Budgie Run Dialog, providing a consistent search experience.
Budgie Desktop Settings has also received a redesign for widget selection, which applies to both panel widgets and the new Raven widget system. This design displays relevant developer information, such as the author, website, description, and copyright information. The communication also lets users know if the widget plugin is “built-in” and ships with Budgie.
![Fuzzy search in menu][3]
The Budgie Menu now offers a “personal user menu,” which provides quick XDG directory access. This feature lets users open a file manager directly to folders such as Home, Documents, Music, etc. This follows the XDG Base Directory Specification. If users have a different path set for Music (or their system locale is not English), it will be respected, and folders that do not exist will be hidden.
Users can also enable an option in the Budgie Menu widget settings to show Budgie Control Center settings items, such as Bluetooth, sound, and power panels, in the applications list. This provides quick access to various settings panels while still allowing for less clutter in the menu.
Other improvements to the Budgie Menu include no longer reloading the menu during an AppIndex change when the menu is open, which prevents the category and application list from re-rendering while the user is actively using the menu.
#### Edge tiling
Ubuntu Budgie’s (earlier versions) window shuffler already had quarter and half tiling activated by keyboard shortcuts, and controlling windows from the keyboard has been a priority. The team was working to improve the tiling experience.
In Ubuntu Budgie 23.04, the window shuffler has now undergone a significant rework and offers quarter tiling using both the keyboard and mouse. The new feature is called Drag Snap, which allows users to tile windows to the top half or full screen by dragging the window to the top of the screen.
The new feature also offers asymmetric tiling by pressing Alt or Ctrl while dragging, which tiles the window into 3/5 or 2/5 of the screen width, respectively.
![Asymetric Tiling in Budgie Desktop with Ctrl-Drag][4]
#### Hot corners
In the Budgie 10.7.1 desktop, the hotcorners feature has been improved and now includes eight spots instead of just four. The settings interface has been updated to have a dedicated window, and the hotcorner settings applet is now optional. Users can now set both pressure and delay options without excluding one another, allowing for fine-tuning of touch sensitivity. Additionally, hotcorners now include a built-in feature that checks for mouse button 1 before executing a command, preventing unintended activation when selecting text and accidentally hitting the screen edge.
![Hotcorners in Ubuntu Budgie 23.04][5]
Default themes in Ubuntu Budgie 23.04 are improved. The default Pocillo theme is enhanced and now features the latest Qogir and Tela icon sets. And the following themes (GTK and icons) all get their latest upstream versions in this latest release.
- QogirBudgie
- Mojave
- WhiteSur
- Orchis
- Vimix
- Tela
#### Application updates, Flatpak and Snap
Ubuntu Budgie 23.04 do not install Flatpak or Flathub integration by default as per the recent direction. The Snap integration is well-established and includes several themes and Firefox web browsers.
In addition, all the core applications and packages are baselined with their latest stable release:
- Firefox 111 (Snap)
- LibreOffice 7.5
- Tilix 1.9.5
- Thunderbird 102
- Transmission 3.0
- Parole media player 4.18
- GNOME Software 44
![Flatpak and Snap status in Ubuntu Budgie 23.04][6]
Ubuntu Budgie 23.04 is powered by [Linux Kernel 6.2][7], the latest mainline Kernel. Linux Kernel 6.2 improves GPU, CPU, ports, and Rust updates support.
At the core, Python 3.11 is now available out-of-the-box in Ubuntu Budgie 23.04. You don’t need to [install Python 3.11][8] anymore separately. It’s worth mentioning that Python 3.12 release is due this year and currently undergoing multiple RC testing.
Other toolchain updates are as follows.
- GCC 13
- GlibC 2.37
- Ruby 3.1
- golang 1.2
- LLVM 16
### Conclusion
In conclusion, Ubuntu Budgie 23.04 “Lunar Lobster” brings significant improvements to the Budgie desktop environment, including a new application indexer, enhanced application categorization, a new design for widget selection, and improvements to the Budgie Menu. These changes provide a more streamlined and consistent user experience. Overall, this release marks a major step forward for Ubuntu Budgie and its users.
You can download the beta version of this release from the below page.
[Download Ubuntu Budgie 23.04 (beta)][9]
_Via [release notes][10]_
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/ubuntu-budgie-23-04/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Ubuntu-Budgie-23.04-Desktop.jpg
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/System-now-consolidates-all-related-options.jpg
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Fuzzy-search-in-menu.jpg
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Asymetric-Tiling-in-Budgie-Desktop-with-Ctrl-Drag.jpg
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Hotcorners-in-Ubuntu-Budgie-23.04.jpg
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Flatpak-and-Snap-status-in-Ubuntu-Budgie-23.04.jpg
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/linux-kernel-6-2/
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-11-ubuntu/
[9]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-budgie/releases/23.04/beta/
[10]: https://ubuntubudgie.org/2023/04/ubuntu-budgie-23-04-release-notes/