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@ -3,32 +3,31 @@
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[#]: author: (Brant Evans https://opensource.com/users/branic)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-13708-1.html)
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使用 VS Code 在容器中开发
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======
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>创建一致性，以避免当你有多个开发人员开发同一个项目时出现问题。
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> 一致性可以避免当你有多个开发人员开发同一个项目时出现问题。
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![Women programming][1]
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当你有多个不同开发环境的开发人员在一个项目上工作时，编码和测试的不一致性是一种风险。[Visual Studio Code][2]（VS Code）是一个集成开发环境（IDE），可以帮助减少这些问题。它可以和容器结合起来，为每个应用程序提供独立的开发环境，同时提供一个一致的开发环境。
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VS Code 的 [Remote - Containers 扩展][3] 使你能够定义一个容器，使用该定义来构建一个容器，并在容器内进行开发。这个容器定义可以和应用程序代码一起被签入到源代码库中，这使得所有的开发人员可以使用相同的定义在容器中进行构建和开发。
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VS Code 的 [“Remote - Containers” 扩展][3] 使你能够创建一个容器定义，使用该定义来构建一个容器，并在容器内进行开发。这个容器定义可以和应用程序代码一起被签入到源代码库中，这使得所有的开发人员可以使用相同的定义在容器中进行构建和开发。
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默认情况下，Remote - Containers 扩展使用 Docker 来构建和运行容器，但使用 [Podman][4] 的容器运行环境环境也很容易，它可以让你使用 [免 root 容器][5]。
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默认情况下，“Remote - Containers” 扩展使用 Docker 来构建和运行容器，但使用 [Podman][4] 的容器运行环境环境也很容易，它可以让你使用 [免 root 容器][5]。
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本文将带领你完成设置，通过 Podman 在免 root 容器内使用 VS Code 和 Remote - Containers 扩展进行开发。
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本文将带领你完成设置，通过 Podman 在免 root 容器内使用 VS Code 和 “Remote - Containers” 扩展进行开发。
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### 初始配置
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在继续之前，请确保你的红帽企业 Linux（RHEL）或 Fedora 工作站已经更新了最新的补丁，并且安装了 VS Code 和 Remote - Containers 扩展。（参见 [VS Code 网站][2]了解更多安装信息）
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在继续之前，请确保你的红帽企业 Linux（RHEL）或 Fedora 工作站已经更新了最新的补丁，并且安装了 VS Code 和 “Remote - Containers” 扩展。（参见 [VS Code 网站][2]了解更多安装信息）
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接下来，用一个简单的 `dnf install` 命令来安装 Podman 和它的支持包：
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```
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$ sudo dnf install -y podman
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```
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@ -37,26 +36,25 @@ $ sudo dnf install -y podman
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![在文本框中输入 “podman”][6]
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现在配置已经完成，在 VS Code 中为该项目创建一个新的文件夹或并打开现有的文件夹。
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现在配置已经完成，在 VS Code 中为该项目创建一个新的文件夹或打开现有的文件夹。
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### 定义容器
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本教程以创建 Python 3 开发的容器为例。
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Remote - Containers 扩展可以在项目文件夹中添加必要的基本配置文件。要添加这些文件，通过在键盘上输入 `Ctrl+Shift+P` 打开命令面板，搜索 “Remote-Containers: Add Development Container Configuration Files”，并选择它。
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“Remote - Containers” 扩展可以在项目文件夹中添加必要的基本配置文件。要添加这些文件，通过在键盘上输入 `Ctrl+Shift+P` 打开命令面板，搜索 “Remote-Containers: Add Development Container Configuration Files”，并选择它。
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![Remote-Containers: Add Development Container Configuration Files][8] 。
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![Remote-Containers: Add Development Container Configuration Files][8]
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在接下来的弹出窗口中，定义你想设置的开发环境的类型。对于这个例子的配置，搜索 “Python 3” 定义并选择它。
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![选择 Python 3 定义][9] 。
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![选择 Python 3 定义][9]
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接下来，选择将在容器中使用的 Python 的版本。选择 “3 (default)” 选项以使用最新的版本。
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![选择 “3 (default)” 选项][10]
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Python 配置也可以安装 Node.js，但在这个例子中，*取消勾选“Install Node.js”，然后点击 “OK”。
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Python 配置也可以安装 Node.js，但在这个例子中，取消勾选 “Install Node.js”，然后点击 “OK”。
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![取消勾选 “Install Node.js"][11]
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@ -66,7 +64,6 @@ Python 配置也可以安装 Node.js，但在这个例子中，*取消勾选“I
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除了明显的安全优势外，以免 root 方式运行容器的另一个原因是，在项目文件夹中创建的所有文件将由容器外的正确用户 ID（UID）拥有。要将开发容器作为免 root 容器运行，请修改 `devcontainer.json` 文件，在它的末尾添加以下几行：
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```
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"workspaceMount": "source=${localWorkspaceFolder},target=/workspace,type=bind,Z",
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"workspaceFolder": "/workspace",
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@ -75,7 +72,7 @@ Python 配置也可以安装 Node.js，但在这个例子中，*取消勾选“I
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"containerUser": "vscode"
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```
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这些选项告诉 VS Code 用适当的 SELinux 上下文挂载工作区，创建一个用户命名空间，将你的 UID 和 GID 同样映射到容器内，并在容器内使用 `vscode` 作为你的用户名。`devcontainer.json` 文件应该是这样的（别忘了行末的逗号，如图所示）：
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这些选项告诉 VS Code 用适当的 SELinux 上下文挂载工作区，创建一个用户命名空间，将你的 UID 和 GID 原样映射到容器内，并在容器内使用 `vscode` 作为你的用户名。`devcontainer.json` 文件应该是这样的（别忘了行末的逗号，如图所示）：
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![更新后的 devcontainer.json 文件][12]
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@ -83,17 +80,17 @@ Python 配置也可以安装 Node.js，但在这个例子中，*取消勾选“I
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![构建容器][13]
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一旦容器构建完成，项目将在容器内打开。在容器内创建或编辑的文件将反映在容器外的文件系统中，并对这些文件应用适当的用户权限。现在，你可以在容器内进行开发。VS Code 甚至可以把你的 SSH 密钥和 Git 配置带入容器中，这样提交代码就会像在容器外编辑时那样工作。
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一旦容器构建完成，项目将在容器内打开。在容器内创建或编辑的文件将反映在容器外的文件系统中，并对这些文件应用适当的用户权限。现在，你可以在容器内进行开发了。VS Code 甚至可以把你的 SSH 密钥和 Git 配置带入容器中，这样提交代码就会像在容器外编辑时那样工作。
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### 接下来的步骤
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现在你已经完成了基本的设置和配置，你可以进一步加强配置的实用性。比如说：
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* 修改 Dockerfile 以安装额外的软件（例如，所需的 Python 模块）。
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* 使用一个定制的容器镜像。例如，如果你正在进行 Ansible 开发，你可以使用 Quay.io 的 [Ansible Toolset][14]。(确保通过 Dockerfile 将 `vscode` 用户添加到容器镜像中）。)
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* 使用一个定制的容器镜像。例如，如果你正在进行 Ansible 开发，你可以使用 Quay.io 的 [Ansible Toolset][14]。（确保通过 Dockerfile 将 `vscode` 用户添加到容器镜像中）
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* 将 `.devcontainer` 目录下的文件提交到源代码库，以便其他开发者可以利用容器的定义进行开发工作。
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在容器内开发有助于防止不同项目之间的冲突，因为不同项目的依赖关系及代码都是分开的。你可以使用 Podman 在免 root 环境下运行容器，从而提高安全性。通过结合 VS Code、Remote - Containers 扩展和 Podman，你可以轻松地为多个开发人员建立一个一致的环境，减少设置时间，并以安全的方式减少开发环境的差异带来的错误。
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在容器内开发有助于防止不同项目之间的冲突，因为隔离了不同项目的依赖关系及代码。你可以使用 Podman 在免 root 环境下运行容器，从而提高安全性。通过结合 VS Code、“Remote - Containers” 扩展和 Podman，你可以轻松地为多个开发人员建立一个一致的环境，减少设置时间，并以安全的方式减少开发环境的差异带来的错误。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -102,7 +99,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/vs-code-remote-containers-podman
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作者：[Brant Evans][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -4,60 +4,56 @@
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: "turbokernel"
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[#]: publisher: " "
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||||
[#]: url: " "
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||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
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[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-13707-1.html"
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在 Linux 上配置你的 OpenVPN 服务器
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如何在免费 WiFi 中保护隐私（三）
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======
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在你安装了 OpenVPN 之后，是时候配置它了。
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![Lock][1]
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OpenVPN 在两点之间建立一条加密的隧道，防止第三方访问你的网络流量。通过设置你的虚拟私人网络（VPN）服务器，你就成为你自己的 VPN 供应商。许多流行的 VPN 服务已支持 [OpenVPN][2]，所以当你可以完全控制时，为什么要把你的连接绑定到一个特定的供应商？
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> 在你安装了 0penVPN 之后，是时候配置它了。
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本系列中的[第一篇][3]设置了一个 VPN 服务器，[第二篇][4]演示了如何安装和配置 OpenVPN 服务器软件。这第三篇文章演示了如何在认证成功的情况下启动 OpenVPN。
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要设置一个 OpenVPN 服务器，你必须：
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0penVPN 在两点之间建立一条加密的隧道，阻止第三方访问你的网络流量。通过设置你的 “虚拟专用网络” 服务，你就成为你自己的 “虚拟专用网络” 供应商。许多流行的 “虚拟专用网络” 服务已支持 [0penVPN][2]，所以当你可以掌控自己的网络时，为什么还要将你的网络连接绑定到特定的提供商呢？
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本系列中的 [第一篇][3] 展示了如何安装和配置一台作为你的 0penVPN 服务器的 Linux 计算机。，[第二篇][4] 演示了如何安装和配置 0penVPN 服务器软件。这第三篇文章演示了如何在认证成功的情况下启动 0penVPN。
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要设置一个 0penVPN 服务器，你必须：
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* 创建一个配置文件。
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* 设置 `sysctl` 值 `net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1` 以启用路由。
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* 为所有的配置和认证文件设置适当的所有权，以便使用非 root 账户运行 OpenVPN 服务器守护程序。
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* 设置 OpenVPN 加载适当的配置文件启动。
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* 使用 `sysctl` 设置`net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1` 以启用路由。
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* 为所有的配置和认证文件设置适当的所有权，以便使用非 root 账户运行 0penVPN 服务器守护程序。
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* 设置 0penVPN 加载适当的配置文件启动。
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* 配置你的防火墙。
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### 配置文件
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你必须在 `/etc/openvpn/server/` 中创建一个服务器配置文件。如果你想的话，你可以从头开始，OpenVPN 包括了几个配置示例示例文件，可以以此作为开始。看看 `/usr/share/doc/openvpn/sample/sample-config-files/` 就知道了。
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你必须在 `/etc/openvpn/server/` 中创建一个服务器配置文件。如果你想的话，你可以从头开始，0penVPN 包括了几个配置示例示例文件，可以以此作为开始。看看 `/usr/share/doc/openvpn/sample/sample-config-files/` 就知道了。
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如果你想手工建立一个配置文件，从 `server.conf` 或 `roadwarrior-server.conf` 开始（视情况而定），并将你的配置文件放在 `/etc/openvpn/server` 中。这两个文件都有大量的注释，所以请阅读注释并根据你的情况作出决定。
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如果你想手工建立一个配置文件，可以从 `server.conf` 或 `roadwarrior-server.conf` 开始（视情况而定），并将你的配置文件放在 `/etc/openvpn/server` 中。这两个文件都有大量的注释，所以请阅读注释并根据你的情况作出决定。
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你可以使用我预先建立的服务器和客户端配置文件模板和 `sysctl` 文件来打开网络路由，从而节省时间和麻烦。这个配置还包括自定义记录连接和断开的情况。它在 OpenVPN 服务器的 `/etc/openvpn/server/logs` 中保存日志。
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你可以使用我预先建立的服务器和客户端配置文件模板和 `sysctl` 文件来打开网络路由，从而节省时间和麻烦。这个配置还包括自定义记录连接和断开的情况。它在 0penVPN 服务器的 `/etc/openvpn/server/logs` 中保存日志。
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如果你使用我的模板，你需要使用你的 IP 地址和主机名编辑它们。
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要使用我的预建配置模板、脚本和 `sysctl` 来打开 IP 转发，请下载我的脚本：
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```
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$ curl \
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<https://www.dgregscott.com/ovpn/OVPNdownloads.sh> > \
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OVPNdownloads.sh
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https://www.dgregscott.com/ovpn/OVPNdownloads.sh > \
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OVPNdownloads.sh
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```
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阅读该脚本，了解它的工作内容。下面是它的运行概述：
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* 在你的 OpenVPN 服务器上创建适当的目录
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* 在你的 0penVPN 服务器上创建适当的目录
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* 从我的网站下载服务器和客户端的配置文件模板
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* 下载我的自定义脚本，并以正确的权限把它们放到正确的目录中。
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* 下载 `99-ipforward.conf` 并把它放到 `/etc/sysctl.d` 中，以便在下次启动时打开 IP 转发功能。
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* 下载我的自定义脚本，并以正确的权限把它们放到正确的目录中
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* 下载 `99-ipforward.conf` 并把它放到 `/etc/sysctl.d` 中，以便在下次启动时打开 IP 转发功能
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* 为 `/etc/openvpn` 中的所有内容设置了所有权
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当你确定你理解了这个脚本的作用，就使它可执行并运行它：
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```
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$ chmod +x OVPNdownloads.sh
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$ sudo ./OVPNdownloads.sh
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@ -65,7 +61,6 @@ $ sudo ./OVPNdownloads.sh
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下面是它复制的文件（注意文件的所有权）：
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```
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$ ls -al -R /etc/openvpn
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/etc/openvpn:
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@ -104,7 +99,6 @@ drwxr-xr-x. 4 openvpn openvpn 56 Apr 6 20:35 ..
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下面是 `99-ipforward.conf` 文件：
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```
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# Turn on IP forwarding. OpenVPN servers need to do routing
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net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
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@ -114,8 +108,7 @@ net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
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### 文件所有权
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如果你使用了我网站上的自动脚本，文件所有权就已经到位了。如果没有，你必须确保你的系统有一个叫 `openvpn` 的用户，并且是 `openvpn` 组的成员。你必须将 `/etc/openvpn` 中的所有内容的所有权设置为该用户和组。如果你不确定该用户和组是否已经存在，这样做是安全的，因为 `useradd` 会拒绝创建一个与已经存在的用户同名的用户：
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如果你使用了我网站上的自动脚本，文件所有权就已经到位了。如果没有，你必须确保你的系统有一个叫 `openvpn` 的用户，并且是 `openvpn` 组的成员。你必须将 `/etc/openvpn` 中的所有内容的所有权设置为该用户和组。如果你不确定该用户和组是否已经存在，这样做也是安全的，因为 `useradd` 会拒绝创建一个与已经存在的用户同名的用户：
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```
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$ sudo useradd openvpn
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@ -124,8 +117,7 @@ $ sudo chown -R openvpn.openvpn /etc/openvpn
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### 防火墙
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如果你在步骤 1 中启用 firewalld 服务，那么你的服务器的防火墙服务可能默认不允许 VPN 流量。使用 [`firewall-cmd` 命令][5]，你可以启用 OpenVPN 服务，它可以打开必要的端口并按需路由流量：
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||||
|
||||
如果你在步骤 1 中启用 firewalld 服务，那么你的服务器的防火墙服务可能默认不允许 “虚拟专用网络” 流量。使用 [firewall-cmd 命令][5]，你可以启用 0penVPN 服务，它可以打开必要的端口并按需路由流量：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-service openvpn --permanent
|
||||
@ -136,19 +128,15 @@ $ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
|
||||
|
||||
### 启动你的服务器
|
||||
|
||||
现在你可以启动 OpenVPN 服务器了。为了让它在重启后自动运行，使用 `systemctl` 的 `enable` 子命令：
|
||||
|
||||
现在你可以启动 0penVPN 服务器了。为了让它在重启后自动运行，使用 `systemctl` 的 `enable` 子命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`systemctl enable --now openvpn-server@OVPNserver2020.service`
|
||||
systemctl enable --now openvpn-server@OVPNserver2020.service
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 最后的步骤
|
||||
|
||||
本文的第四篇也是最后一篇文章将演示如何设置客户端，以便远程连接到你的 OpenVPN。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
本文的第四篇也是最后一篇文章将演示如何设置客户端，以便远程连接到你的 0penVPN。
|
||||
|
||||
_本文基于 D.Greg Scott 的[博客][6]，经许可后重新使用。_
|
||||
|
||||
@ -167,7 +155,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/openvpn-firewall
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/security-lock-password.jpg?itok=KJMdkKum (Lock)
|
||||
[2]: https://openvpn.net/
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/vpn-openvpn-part-1
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/vpn-openvpn-part-2
|
||||
[3]: https://linux.cn/article-13680-1.html
|
||||
[4]: https://linux.cn/article-13702-1.html
|
||||
[5]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/secure-linux-network-firewall-cmd
|
||||
[6]: https://www.dgregscott.com/how-to-build-a-vpn-in-four-easy-steps-without-spending-one-penny/
|
||||
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/7/openvpn-client"
|
||||
[#]: author: "D. Greg Scott https://opensource.com/users/greg-scott"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: translator: "perfiffer"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
109
sources/tech/20210821 How to set up your printer on Linux.md
Normal file
109
sources/tech/20210821 How to set up your printer on Linux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to set up your printer on Linux"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/8/add-printer-linux"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
How to set up your printer on Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
In the event that your printer isn't auto-detected, this article teaches
|
||||
you how to add a printer on Linux manually.
|
||||
![printing on Linux][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Even though it's the future now and we're all supposed to be using e-ink and AR, there are still times when a printer is useful. Printer manufacturers have yet to standardize how their peripherals communicate with computers, so there's a necessary maze of printer drivers out there, regardless of what platform you're on. The IEEE-ISTO Printer Working Group (PWG) and the OpenPrinting.org site are working tirelessly to make printing as easy as possible, though. Today, many printers are autodetected with no interaction from the user.
|
||||
|
||||
In the event that your printer isn't auto-detected, this article teaches you how to add a printer on Linux manually. This article assumes you're on the GNOME desktop, but the basic workflow is the same for KDE and most other desktops.
|
||||
|
||||
### Printer drivers
|
||||
|
||||
Before attempting to interface with a printer from Linux, you should first verify that you have updated printer drivers.
|
||||
|
||||
There are three varieties of printer drivers:
|
||||
|
||||
* Open source [Gutenprint drivers][2] bundled with Linux and as an installable package
|
||||
* Drivers provided by the printer manufacturer
|
||||
* Drivers created by a third party
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
It's worth installing the open source drivers because there are over 700 of them, so having them available increases the chance of attaching a printer and having it automatically configured for you.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing open source drivers
|
||||
|
||||
Your Linux distribution probably already has these installed, but if not, you can install them with your package manager. For example, on Fedora, CentOS, Mageia, and similar:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ sudo dnf install gutenprint`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
For HP printers, also install Hewlett-Packard's Linux Imaging and Printing (HPLIP) project. For example, on Debian, Linux Mint, and similar:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ sudo apt install hplip`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing vendor drivers
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes a printer manufacturer uses non-standard protocols, so the open source drivers don't work. Other times, the open source drivers work but may lack special vendor-only features. When that happens, you must visit the manufacturer's website and search for a Linux driver for your printer model. The install process varies, so read the install instructions carefully.
|
||||
|
||||
In the event that your printer isn't supported at all by the vendor, there are [third-party driver authors][3] that may support your printer. These drivers aren't open source, but neither are most vendor drivers. It's frustrating to have to spend an extra $45 to get support for a printer, but the alternative is to throw the printer into the rubbish, and now you know at least one brand to avoid when you purchase your next printer!
|
||||
|
||||
### Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)
|
||||
|
||||
The Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) was developed in 1997 by Easy Software Products, and purchased by Apple in 2007. It's the open source basis for printing on Linux, but most modern distributions provide a customized interface for it. Thanks to CUPS, your computer can find printers attached to it by a USB cable and even a shared printer over a network.
|
||||
|
||||
Once you've gotten the necessary drivers installed, you can add your printer manually. First, attach your printer to your computer and power them both on. Then open the **Printers** application from the **Activities** screen or application menu.
|
||||
|
||||
![printer settings][4]
|
||||
|
||||
CC BY-SA Opensource.com
|
||||
|
||||
There's a possibility that your printer is autodetected by Linux, by way of the drivers you've installed, and that no further configuration is required.
|
||||
|
||||
![printer settings][5]
|
||||
|
||||
CC BY-SA Opensource.com
|
||||
|
||||
Provided that you see your printer listed, you're all set, and you can already print from Linux!
|
||||
|
||||
If you see that you need to add a printer, click the **Unlock** button in the top right corner of the **Printers** window. Enter your administrative password and the button transforms into an **Add** button.
|
||||
|
||||
Click the **Add** button.
|
||||
|
||||
Your computer searches for attached printers (also called a _local_ printer). To have your computer look for a shared network printer, enter the IP address of the printer or its host.
|
||||
|
||||
![searching for a printer][6]
|
||||
|
||||
CC BY-SA Opensource.com
|
||||
|
||||
Select the printer you want to add to your system and click the **Add** button.
|
||||
|
||||
### Print from Linux
|
||||
|
||||
Printing from Linux is as easy as printing can be, whether you're using a local or networked printer. If you're looking for a printer to purchase, then check the [OpenPrinting.org database][7] to confirm that a printer has an open source driver before you spend your money. If you already have a printer, you now know how to use it on your Linux computer.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/add-printer-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/happy-printer.png?itok=9J44YaDs (printing on Linux)
|
||||
[2]: http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.turboprint.info/
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/system-settings-printer_0.png (printer settings)
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/settings-printer.png (printer settings)
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/printer-search.png (searching for a printer)
|
||||
[7]: http://www.openprinting.org/printers/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "SparkyLinux 6.0 “Po-Tolo” Released Based on Debian 11 Bullseye"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/08/sparky-linux-6-review/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
SparkyLinux 6.0 “Po-Tolo” Released Based on Debian 11 Bullseye
|
||||
======
|
||||
We review the SparkyLinux 6 “Po-Tolo” and round up the release.
|
||||
[SparkyLinux][1] is a desktop-based Linux distribution based on Debian and provides almost all major desktop flavors. It is a unique distribution in the sense that it provides both Debian Stable and Debian Testing editions with the latest desktop packages. SparkyLinux also provides a collection of curated applications, with some special editions as well. For example, if you are a Game lover, then the SparkyLinux GameOver edition is there. For system admins, there is a Rescue Edition as well to fix broken systems. All these special editions come with pre-loaded games, utilities with some proprietary packages as well.
|
||||
|
||||
The latest release of SparkyLinux 6 brings the packages from [Debian 11 Bullseye][2], which released a while back. Let’s take a look at what’s new.
|
||||
|
||||
![SparkyLinux 6 desktop \(Xfce\)][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### SparkyLinux 6 – What’s New
|
||||
|
||||
* SparkyLinux 6 is based on Debian 11 Bullseye.
|
||||
* Powered by Linux Kernel 5.10.x LTS
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* This distribution maintains its own repo, and it is now updated with Bullseye packages.
|
||||
* The default and necessary applications are updated to their respective Debian stable version. Here’s a quick update:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
– Firefox 78.13.0ESR instead of Firefox (latest)
|
||||
– Thunderbird 78.13.0
|
||||
– VLC 3.0.16
|
||||
– LibreOffice 7.0.4
|
||||
– Calamares 3.2.41.1
|
||||
|
||||
* The default AppCenter – APTUS is included in this release which provides you curated 2000+ applications which can be installed via a simple GUI with one-click. This is one of the best feature of SparkyLinux, specially for new users or large deployments.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* The APTUS – AppCenter also provides one-click features for the followings –
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
System upgrade
|
||||
Search packages
|
||||
Fix broken packages
|
||||
Edit repo
|
||||
Clean up cache
|
||||
…and more
|
||||
|
||||
* Desktop environments retain their current stable versions with Sparky flavors –
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Xfce 4.16
|
||||
KDE Plasma 5.22
|
||||
LXQt 0.17
|
||||
|
||||
* Other changes include, the MinimalGUI version changed file manager to PCManFM and browser to Firefox ESR.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Detailed changes with information is available [here][4].
|
||||
|
||||
### Download, Upgrade and Install
|
||||
|
||||
If you are using an earlier version of SparkyLinux, simple making a system upgrade takes you to SparkyLinux 6.0. No additional steps are required.
|
||||
|
||||
[][5]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: SparkyLinux 2021.03 Gets First-Ever KDE Plasma Edition with Debian 11
|
||||
|
||||
For fresh installation with respective Desktop environments – refer below link for download. You can use [Etcher][6] or similar utility to create LIVE usb for fresh installation. Do not forget to turn off secure boot if you are installing in UEFI systems.
|
||||
|
||||
[download sparkylinux stable][7]
|
||||
|
||||
### Sparky Linux 6 – Quick Review
|
||||
|
||||
* I ran SparkyLinux in a virtual machine and native install, both with Xfce desktop edition for a quick test. The installation went smooth, thanks to the awesome Calamares installer. No surprises there.
|
||||
* After initial boot, a welcome screen guides you to go over the important items if you may want to read. SparkyLinux takes care of system configurations based on GUI based utility. For example, you do not need to open terminal and run “sudo apt upgrade” to update your system. It’ll prompt you that an upgrade is available, you give admin password, and it takes care of it.
|
||||
* SparkyLinux is super stable thanks to Debian and very lightweight. In idle scenario, the Xfce desktop with SparkyLinux was consuming around 600 MB of memory and most of the CPU is used by respective desktop window manager which is at around 5%.
|
||||
* If you are using KDE Plasma or LXQt – the memory and CPU usage should vary, but they would not fluctuate much.
|
||||
* The APTUS – AppCenter plus system administration utility is one of the best feature which makes it stand apart among other distributions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![APTus APPCENTER in SparkyLinux][8]
|
||||
|
||||
* And the good thing is, it gives you flavors of Debian Rolling and Debian Stable both. If you want to use Debian Rolling packages in SparkyLinux, then you can get it out-of-the-box.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
That said, it’s a simple, stable and user-friendly distribution. Give it a try if you have not yet; It is a perfect and suitable daily-usage distro.
|
||||
|
||||
Cheers.
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/08/sparky-linux-6-review/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://sparkylinux.org
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/debian-11-features/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/SparkyLinux-6-desktop-Xfce-1024x764.jpeg
|
||||
[4]: https://sparkylinux.org/sparky-6-0-po-tolo/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/03/sparkylinux-2021-03-release/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/etcher-bootable-usb-linux/
|
||||
[7]: https://sparkylinux.org/download/stable/
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/APTus-APPCENTER-in-SparkyLinux-1024x781.jpeg
|
||||
134
sources/tech/20210822 Linux Phones- Here are Your Options.md
Normal file
134
sources/tech/20210822 Linux Phones- Here are Your Options.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Linux Phones: Here are Your Options"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/linux-phones/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Phones: Here are Your Options
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
_**Brief:**_ _Linux phones could be the future to replace Android or iOS, but what are some of your options to give it a try?_
|
||||
|
||||
While Android is based on a Linux kernel, it has been heavily modified. So, that does not make it a full-fledged Linux-based operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
Google is trying to get the Android kernel close to the mainline Linux kernel, but that is still a distant dream.
|
||||
|
||||
So, in that case, what are some of the options if you are looking for a Linux phone? A smartphone powered by a Linux operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
It is not an easy decision to make because the options are super limited. Hence, I try to highlight some of the best Linux phones and a few different options from the mainstream choices.
|
||||
|
||||
### Top Linux phones you can use today
|
||||
|
||||
It is worth noting that the Linux phones mentioned here may not be able to replace your Android or iOS devices. So, make sure that you do some background research before making a purchase decision.
|
||||
|
||||
**Note:** You need to carefully check the availability, expected shipping date, and risks of using a Linux phone. Most of the options are only suitable for enthusiasts or early adopters.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. PinePhone
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
PinePhone is one of the most affordable and popular choices to consider as a promising Linux phone.
|
||||
|
||||
It is not limited to a single operating system. You can try it with Manjaro with Plasma mobile OS, UBports, Sailfish OS, and others. PinePhone packs in some decent specifications that include a Quad-core processor and 2/3 Gigs of RAM. It does support a bootable microSD card to help you with installation, along with 16/32 GB eMMC storage options.
|
||||
|
||||
The display is a basic 1440×720p IPS screen. You also get special privacy protection tweaks like kill switches for Bluetooth, microphones, and cameras.
|
||||
|
||||
PinePhone also gives you an option to add custom hardware extensions using the six pogo pins available.
|
||||
|
||||
The base edition (2 GB RAM and 16 GB storage) comes loaded with Manjaro by default and costs $149. And, the convergence edition (3 GB RAM / 32 GB storage) costs $199.
|
||||
|
||||
[PinePhone][2]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Fairphone
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Compared to others on the list, Fairphone is a commercial success. It is not a Linux smartphone, but it features a customized version of Android, i.e., Fairphone OS, and the option to opt for [/e/ OS][4], one of the [open-source Android alternatives][5]. Some community ports are available if you want to use the Linux operating system, but it could be a hit and miss.
|
||||
|
||||
The Fairphone offers some decent specs, considering there are two different variants. You will find a 48 MP camera sensor for Fairphone 3+ and a full-HD display. Not to forget, you will also find decent Qualcomm processors powering the device.
|
||||
|
||||
They focus on making smartphones that are sustainable and have been built using some amount of recycled plastic. Fairphone is also meant to be easily repairable.
|
||||
|
||||
So, it is not just an option away from mainstream smartphones, but you will also be helping with protecting the environment if you opt for it.
|
||||
|
||||
[Fairphone][6]
|
||||
|
||||
### 3\. Librem 5
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
[Librem 5][8] is a smartphone that focuses heavily on user privacy while featuring an open-source operating system, i.e., PureOS, not based on Android.
|
||||
|
||||
The specifications offered are decent, with 3 Gigs of RAM and a quad-core Cortex A53 chipset. But, this is not something geared to compete with mainstream options. Hence, you may not find it as a value for money offering.
|
||||
|
||||
It is aimed at enthusiasts who are interested in testing privacy-respecting smartphones in the process.
|
||||
|
||||
Similar to others, Librem 5 also focuses on making the phone easily repairable by offering user-replaceable batteries.
|
||||
|
||||
For privacy, you will notice kill switches for Bluetooth, Cameras, and microphones. They also promise security updates for years to come.
|
||||
|
||||
[Librem 5][9]
|
||||
|
||||
### 4\. Pro 1X
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
An interesting smartphone that supports Ubuntu Touch, Lineage OS, and Android as well.
|
||||
|
||||
It is not just a Linux smartphone but a mobile phone with a separate QWERTY keypad, which is rare to find these days.
|
||||
|
||||
The Pro 1 X features a decent specification, including a Snapdragon 662 processor coupled with 6 GB of RAM. You also get a respectable AMOLED Full HD display with the Pro 1 X.
|
||||
|
||||
The camera does not pack in anything crazy, but should be good enough for the most part.
|
||||
|
||||
[Pro 1X][11]
|
||||
|
||||
### 5\. Volla Phone
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
An attractive offering that runs on Ubuntu Touch by UBports.
|
||||
|
||||
It comes with a pre-built VPN and focuses on making the user experience easy. The operating system has been customized so that everything essential should be accessible quickly without organizing anything yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
It packs in some impressive specifications that include an Octa-core MediaTek processor along with a 4700 mAh battery. You get a notch design resembling some of the latest smartphones available.
|
||||
|
||||
[Volla Phone][13]
|
||||
|
||||
### Wrapping Up
|
||||
|
||||
Linux smartphones are not readily available and certainly not yet suitable for the masses.
|
||||
|
||||
So, if you are an enthusiast or want to support the development of such phones, you can consider getting one of the devices.
|
||||
|
||||
Do you already own one of these smartphones? Please don’t hesitate to share your experiences in the comments below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/linux-phones/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/PinePhone-3.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1
|
||||
[2]: https://www.pine64.org/pinephone/
|
||||
[3]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/fairphone.png?resize=360%2C600&ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/e-os-review/
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-alternatives-android/
|
||||
[6]: https://shop.fairphone.com/en/
|
||||
[7]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/librem-5.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/librem-linux-phone/
|
||||
[9]: https://puri.sm/products/librem-5/
|
||||
[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/pro1x.jpg?resize=800%2C542&ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: https://www.fxtec.com/pro1x
|
||||
[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/volla-smartphone.jpg?resize=695%2C391&ssl=1
|
||||
[13]: https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/volla-phone-free-your-mind-protect-your-privacy#/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user