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translate done: 20170426 Important Docker commands for Beginners.md
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translating by lujun9972
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Important Docker commands for Beginners
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======
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In our earlier tutorial, we learned to[ **install Docker on RHEL\ CentOS 7 & also created a docker container.**][1] In this tutorial, we will learn more commands to manipulate a docker container.
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### **Syntax for using Docker command**
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**$ docker [option] [command] [arguments]
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**
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To view the list of all available commands that can be used with docker, run
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**$ docker
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**
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& we will get the following list of commands as the output,
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**attach Attach to a running container
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build Build an image from a Dockerfile
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commit Create a new image from a container's changes
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cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
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create Create a new container
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diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
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events Get real time events from the server
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exec Run a command in a running container
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export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
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history Show the history of an image
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images List images
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import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
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info Display system-wide information
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inspect Return low-level information on a container or image
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kill Kill a running container
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load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
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login Log in to a Docker registry
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logout Log out from a Docker registry
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logs Fetch the logs of a container
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network Manage Docker networks
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pause Pause all processes within a container
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port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER
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ps List containers
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pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
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push Push an image or a repository to a registry
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rename Rename a container
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restart Restart a container
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rm Remove one or more containers
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rmi Remove one or more images
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run Run a command in a new container
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save Save one or more images to a tar archive
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search Search the Docker Hub for images
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start Start one or more stopped containers
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stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
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stop Stop a running container
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tag Tag an image into a repository
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top Display the running processes of a container
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unpause Unpause all processes within a container
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update Update configuration of one or more containers
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version Show the Docker version information
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volume Manage Docker volumes
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wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
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**
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To further view the options available with a command, run
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**$ docker docker-subcommand info
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**
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& we will get a list of options that we can use with the docker-sub command.
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### **Testing connection with Docker Hub**
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By default, all the images that are used are pulled from Docker Hub. We can upload or download an image for OS from Docker Hub. To make sure that we can do so, run
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**$ docker run hello-world
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**
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& the output should be,
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**Hello from Docker.
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This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
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…
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**
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This output message shows that we can access Docker Hub & can now download docker images from Docker Hub.
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### **Searching an Image**
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To search for an image for the container, run
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**$ docker search Ubuntu
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**
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& we should get list of available Ubuntu images. Remember if you are looking for an official image, look for [OK] under the official column.
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### **Downloading an image**
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Once we have searched and found the image we are looking for, we can download it by running,
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**$ docker pull Ubuntu
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**
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### **Viewing downloaded images**
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To view all the downloaded images, run
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**$ docker images
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**
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### **Running an container**
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To run a container using the downloaded image , we will use
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**$ docker run -it Ubuntu
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**
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Here, using '-it' will open a shell that can be used to interact with the container. Once the container is up & running, we can then use it as a normal machine & execute any commands that we require for our container.
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### **Displaying all docker containers**
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To view the list of all docker containers, run
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**$ docker ps
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**
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The output will contain list ofcontainers with container id.
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### **Stopping a docker container**
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To stop a docker container, run
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**$ docker stop container-id
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**
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### **Exit from the container**
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To exit from the container, type
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**$ exit
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**
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### **Saving the state of the container**
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Once the container is running & we have changed some settings in the container, like for example installed apache server, we need to save the state of the container. Image created is saved on the local system.
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To commit & save the state of the container, run
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**$ docker commit 85475ef774 repository/image_name
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**
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Here, **commit** will save the container state,
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**85475ef774** , is the container id of the container,
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**repository** , usually the docker hub username (or name of the repository added)
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**image_name** , will be the new name of the image.
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We can further add more information to the above command using '-m' & '-a'. With '-m', we can mention a message saying that apache server is installed & with '-a' we can add author name.
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**For example**
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**docker commit -m "apache server installed"-a "Dan Daniels" 85475ef774 daniels_dan/Cent_container
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**
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This completes our tutorial on important commands used in Dockers, please share your comments/queries in the comment box below.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linuxtechlab.com/important-docker-commands-beginners/
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作者：[Shusain][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com/author/shsuain/
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[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/create-first-docker-container-beginners-guide/
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@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
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为小白准备的重要 Docker 命令说明
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======
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在早先的教程中，我们学过了[在 RHEL\ CentOS 7 上安装 Docker 并创建 docker 容器 .][1] 在本教程中，我们会学习管理 docker 容器的其他命令。
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### Docker 命令语法
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```
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$ docker [option] [command] [arguments]
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```
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要列出 docker 支持的所有命令，运行
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```
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$ docker
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```
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我们会看到如下结果，
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```
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attach Attach to a running container
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build Build an image from a Dockerfile
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commit Create a new image from a container's changes
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cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
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create Create a new container
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diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
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events Get real time events from the server
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exec Run a command in a running container
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export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
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history Show the history of an image
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images List images
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import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
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info Display system-wide information
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inspect Return low-level information on a container or image
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kill Kill a running container
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load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
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login Log in to a Docker registry
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logout Log out from a Docker registry
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logs Fetch the logs of a container
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network Manage Docker networks
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pause Pause all processes within a container
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port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER
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ps List containers
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pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
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push Push an image or a repository to a registry
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rename Rename a container
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restart Restart a container
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rm Remove one or more containers
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rmi Remove one or more images
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run Run a command in a new container
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save Save one or more images to a tar archive
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search Search the Docker Hub for images
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start Start one or more stopped containers
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stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
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stop Stop a running container
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tag Tag an image into a repository
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top Display the running processes of a container
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unpause Unpause all processes within a container
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update Update configuration of one or more containers
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version Show the Docker version information
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volume Manage Docker volumes
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wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
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```
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要进一步查看某个 command 支持的选项，运行
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```
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$ docker docker-subcommand info
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```
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就会列出 docker 子命令所支持的选项了。
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### 测试与 Docker Hub 的连接
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默认，所有镜像都是从 Docker Hub 中拉取下来的。我们可以从 Docker Hub 上传或下载操作系统镜像。为了检查我们是否能够正常地通过 Docker Hub 上传/下载镜像，运行
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```
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$ docker run hello-world
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```
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结果应该是，
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```
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Hello from Docker.
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This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
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…
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```
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输出结果表示你可以访问 Docker Hub 而且也能从 Docker Hub 下载 docker 镜像。
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### 搜索镜像
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搜索容器的镜像，运行
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```
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$ docker search Ubuntu
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```
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我们应该会得到 age 可用的 Ubuntu 镜像的列表。记住，如果你想要的是官方的镜像，经检查 `official` 这一列上是否为 `[OK]`。
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### 下载镜像
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一旦搜索并找到了我们想要的镜像，我们可以运行下面语句来下载它，
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```
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$ docker pull Ubuntu
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```
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要查看所有已下载的镜像，运行
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```
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$ docker images
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```
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### 运行容器
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使用已下载镜像来运行容器，使用下面命令
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```
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$ docker run -it Ubuntu
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```
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这里，使用 '-it' 会打开一个 shell 与容器交互。容器启动并运行后，我们就可以像普通机器那样来使用它了，我们可以在容器中执行任何命令。
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### 显示所有的 docker 容器
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要列出所有 docker 容器，运行
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```
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$ docker ps
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```
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会输出一个容器列表，每个容器都有一个容器 id 标识。
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### 停止 docker 容器
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要停止 docker 容器，运行
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```
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$ docker stop container-id
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```
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### 从容器中退出
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要从容器中退出，执行
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```
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$ exit
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```
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### 保存容器状态
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容器运行并更改后后(比如安装了 apache 服务器)，我们可以保存容器状态。这会在本地系统上保存新创建镜像。
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运行下面语句来提交并保存容器状态
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```
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$ docker commit 85475ef774 repository/image_name
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```
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这里，**commit** 会保存容器状态
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**85475ef774**，是容器的容器 id，
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**repository**，通常为 docker hub 上的用户名 (或者新加的仓库名称)
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**image_name**，新镜像的名称
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我们还可以使用 `-m` 和 `-a` 来添加更多信息。通过 `-m`，我们可以留个信息说 apache 服务器已经安装好了，而 `-a` 可以添加作者名称。
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**像这样**
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```
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docker commit -m "apache server installed"-a "Dan Daniels" 85475ef774 daniels_dan/Cent_container
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```
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我们的教程至此就结束了，本教程讲解了一下 Docker 中的那些重要的命令，如有疑问，欢迎留言。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linuxtechlab.com/important-docker-commands-beginners/
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作者：[Shusain][a]
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||||
译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com/author/shsuain/
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/create-first-docker-container-beginners-guide/
|
||||
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