diff --git a/sources/tech/20191028 SQLite is really easy to compile.md b/sources/tech/20191028 SQLite is really easy to compile.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3201612f3d..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20191028 SQLite is really easy to compile.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,116 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (geekpi) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (SQLite is really easy to compile) -[#]: via: (https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/10/28/sqlite-is-really-easy-to-compile/) -[#]: author: (Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/) - -SQLite is really easy to compile -====== - -In the last week I’ve been working on another SQL website (, a list of SQL examples). I’m running all the queries on that site with sqlite, and I wanted to use window functions in one of the examples ([this one][1]). - -But I’m using the version of sqlite from Ubuntu 18.04, and that version is too old and doesn’t support window functions. So I needed to upgrade sqlite! - -This turned to out be surprisingly annoying (as usual), but in a pretty interesting way! I was reminded of some things about how executables and shared libraries work and it had a very satisfying conclusion. So I wanted to write it up here. - -(spoiler: the summary is that explains how to compile SQLite and it takes like 5 seconds to do and it’s 20x easier than my usual experiences compiling software from source) - -### attempt 1: download a SQLite binary from their website - -The [SQLite download page][2] has a link to a Linux binary for the SQLite command line tool. I downloaded it, it worked on my laptop, and I thought I was done. - -But then I tried to run it on a build server I was using (Netlify), and I got this extremely strange error message: “File not found”. I straced it, and sure enough `execve` was returning the error code ENOENT, which means “File not found”. This was kind of maddening because the file was DEFINITELY there and it had the correct permissions and everything. - -I googled this problem (by searching “execve enoent”), found [this stack overflow answer][3], which pointed out that to run a binary, you don’t just need the binary to exist! You also need its **loader** to exist. (the path to the loader is inside the binary) - -To see the path for the loader you can use `ldd`, like this: - -``` -$ ldd sqlite3 - linux-gate.so.1 (0xf7f9d000) - libdl.so.2 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0xf7f70000) - libm.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0xf7e6e000) - libz.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0xf7e4f000) - libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xf7c73000) - /lib/ld-linux.so.2 -``` - -So `/lib/ld-linux.so.2` is the loader,and that file doesn’t exist on the build server, probably because that Xenial installation didn’t have support for 32-bit binaries (?), and I needed to try something different. - -### attempt 2: install the Debian sqlite3 package - -Okay, I thought, maybe I can install the [sqlite package from debian testing][4]. Trying to install a package from a different Debian version that I’m not using is literally never a good idea, but for some reason I decided to try it anyway. - -Doing this completely unsurprisingly broke the sqlite installation on my computer (which also broke git), but I managed to recover from that with a bunch of `sudo dpkg --purge --force-all libsqlite3-0` and make everything that depended on sqlite work again. - -### attempt 3: extract the Debian sqlite3 package - -I also briefly tried to just extract the sqlite3 binary from the Debian sqlite package and run it. Unsurprisingly, this also didn’t work, but in a more understandable way: I had an older version of libreadline (.so.7) and it wanted .so.8. - -``` -$ ./usr/bin/sqlite3 -./usr/bin/sqlite3: error while loading shared libraries: libreadline.so.8: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory -``` - -### attempt 4: compile it from source - -The whole reason I spent all this time trying to download sqlite binaries is that I assumed it would be annoying or time consuming to compile sqlite from source. But obviously downloading random sqlite binaries was not working for me at all, so I finally decided to try to compile it myself. - -Here are the directions: [How to compile SQLite][5]. And they’re the EASIEST THING IN THE UNIVERSE. Often compiling things feels like this: - - * run `./configure` - * realize i’m missing a dependency - * run `./configure` again - * run `make` - * the compiler fails because actually i have the wrong version of some dependency - * go do something else and try to find a binary - - - -Compiling SQLite works like this: - - * download an [amalgamation tarball from the download page][2] - * run `gcc shell.c sqlite3.c -lpthread -ldl` - * that’s it!!! - - - -All the code is in one file (`sqlite.c`), and there are no weird dependencies! It’s amazing. - -For my specific use case I didn’t actually need threading support or readline support or anything, so I used the instructions on the compile page to create a very simple binary that only used libc and no other shared libraries. - -``` -$ ldd sqlite3 - linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffe8e7e9000) - libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fbea4988000) - /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fbea4d79000) -``` - -### this is nice because it makes it easy to experiment with sqlite - -I think it’s cool that SQLite’s build process is so simple because in the past I’ve had fun [editing sqlite’s source code][6] to understand how its btree implementation works. - -This isn’t really super surprising given what I know about SQLite (it’s made to work really well in restricted / embedded contexts, so it makes sense that it would be possible to compile it in a really simple/minimal way). But it is super nice! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/10/28/sqlite-is-really-easy-to-compile/ - -作者：[Julia Evans][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://jvns.ca/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://sql-steps.wizardzines.com/lag.html -[2]: https://www.sqlite.org/download.html -[3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5234088/execve-file-not-found-when-stracing-the-very-same-file -[4]: https://packages.debian.org/bullseye/amd64/sqlite3/download -[5]: https://www.sqlite.org/howtocompile.html -[6]: https://jvns.ca/blog/2014/10/02/how-does-sqlite-work-part-2-btrees/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20191028 SQLite is really easy to compile.md b/translated/tech/20191028 SQLite is really easy to compile.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..707616de02 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20191028 SQLite is really easy to compile.md @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (geekpi) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (SQLite is really easy to compile) +[#]: via: (https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/10/28/sqlite-is-really-easy-to-compile/) +[#]: author: (Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/) + +SQLite 真的很容易编译 +====== + +上周，我一直在做一个 SQL 网站（，一个 SQL 示例列表）。我使用 sqlite 运行网站上的所有查询，并且我想在其中一个例子（[这个][1]）中使用窗口函数。 + +但是我使用的是 Ubuntu 18.04 中的 sqlite 版本，它太旧了，不支持窗口函数。所以我需要升级 sqlite！ + +事实证明，这令人讨厌（通常），但是非常有趣！我想起了一些有关可执行文件和共享库如何工作的信息，结论令人满意。所以我想在这里写下来。 + +（剧透： 中解释了如何编译 SQLite，它只需花费 5 秒左右，这比我平时从源码编译的经验容易了许多。） + +### 尝试 1：从它的网站下载 SQLite 二进制文件 + +[SQLite 的下载页面][2]有一个用于 Linux 的 SQLite 命令行工具的二进制文件的链接。我下载了它，它可以在笔记本电脑上运行，我以为这就完成了。 + +但是后来我尝试在构建服务器 （Netlify） 上运行它，得到了这个极其奇怪的错误消息：“File not found”。我进行了追踪，并确定 `execve` 返回错误代码 ENOENT，这意味着 “File not found”。这有点令人发狂，因为该文件确实存在，并且有正确的权限。 + + +我搜索了这个问题（通过搜索 “execve enoen”），找到了[这个 stackoverflow 中的答案][3]，它指出要运行二进制文件，你不仅需要二进制文件存在！你还需要它的**加载程序**才能存在。 （加载程序的路径在二进制文件内部） + +要查看加载程序的路径，可以使用 `ldd`，如下所示： + +``` +$ ldd sqlite3 + linux-gate.so.1 (0xf7f9d000) + libdl.so.2 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0xf7f70000) + libm.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0xf7e6e000) + libz.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0xf7e4f000) + libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xf7c73000) + /lib/ld-linux.so.2 +``` + +所以 `/lib/ld-linux.so.2` 是加载程序，而该文件在构建服务器上不存在，可能是因为 Xenial 安装程序不支持 32 位二进制文​​件（？），因此我需要尝试一些不同的东西。 + +### 尝试 2：安装 Debian sqlite3 软件包 + +好吧，我想我也许可以安装来自 [debian testing 的 sqlite 软件包][4]。尝试从另一个我不使用的 Debian 版本安装软件包并不是一个好主意，但是出于某种原因，我还是决定尝试一下。 + +这次毫不意外地破坏了我计算机上的 sqlite（这也破坏了 git），但我设法通过 `sudo dpkg --purge --force-all libsqlite3-0` 从中恢复，并使所有依赖于 sqlite 的软件再次工作。 + +### 尝试 3：提取 Debian sqlite3 软件包 + +我还尝试仅从 Debian sqlite 软件包中提取 sqlite3 二进制文件并运行它。毫不意外，这也行不通，但这个更容易理解：我有旧版本的 libreadline（.so.7），但它需要 .so.8。 + +``` +$ ./usr/bin/sqlite3 +./usr/bin/sqlite3: error while loading shared libraries: libreadline.so.8: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory +``` + +### 尝试 4：从源代码进行编译 + +我花费这么多时间尝试下载 sqlite 二进制的原因是我认为从源代码编译 sqlite 既烦人又耗时。但是显然，下载随机的 sqlite 二进制文件根本不适合我，因此我最终决定尝试自己编译它。 + +这有指导：[如何编译 SQLite][5]。它是宇宙中最简单的东西。通常，编译的感觉是类似这样的： + + * 运行 `./configure` + * 意识到我缺少依赖 + * 再次运行 `./configure` + * 运行 `make` + * 编译失败，因为我安装了错误版本的依赖 + * 去做其他事，之后找到二进制文件 + + + +编译 SQLite 的方式如下： + + * [从下载页面下载整合的 tarball][[2] + * 运行 `gcc shell.c sqlite3.c -lpthread -ldl` + * 完成！！！ + + +所有代码都在一个文件（`sqlite.c`）中，并且没有奇怪的依赖项！太奇妙了。 + +对我而言，我实际上并不需要线程支持或 readline 支持，因此我用编译页面上的说明来创建了一个非常简单的二进制文件，它仅使用了 libc 而没有其他共享库。 + +``` +$ ldd sqlite3 + linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffe8e7e9000) + libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fbea4988000) + /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fbea4d79000) +``` + +### 这很好，因为它使体验 sqlite 变得容易 + +我认为 SQLite 的构建过程如此简单很酷，因为过去我很乐于[编辑 sqlite 的源码][6]来了解其 B 树的实现方式。 + +鉴于我对 SQLite 的了解，这并不令人感到意外（它在受限环境/嵌入式中确实可以很好地工作，因此可以以一种非常简单/最小的方式进行编译是有意义的）。 但这真是太好了！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2019/10/28/sqlite-is-really-easy-to-compile/ + +作者：[Julia Evans][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://jvns.ca/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://sql-steps.wizardzines.com/lag.html +[2]: https://www.sqlite.org/download.html +[3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5234088/execve-file-not-found-when-stracing-the-very-same-file +[4]: https://packages.debian.org/bullseye/amd64/sqlite3/download +[5]: https://www.sqlite.org/howtocompile.html +[6]: https://jvns.ca/blog/2014/10/02/how-does-sqlite-work-part-2-btrees/