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[Translated] tech/20150413 A Walk Through Some Important Docker Commands

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A Walk Through Some Important Docker Commands
================================================================================
Hi everyone today we'll learn some important Docker Commands that you'll need to learn before you go with Docker. Docker is an Open Source project that provides an open platform to pack, ship and run any application as a lightweight container. It has no boundaries of Language support, Frameworks or packaging system and can be run anywhere, anytime from a small home computers to high-end servers. It makes them great building blocks for deploying and scaling web apps, databases, and back-end services without depending on a particular stack or provider.
Docker commands are easy to learn and easy to implement or take into practice. Here are some easy Docker commands you'll need to know to run Docker and fully utilize it.
### 1. Pulling a Docker Image ###
First of all, we'll need to pull a docker image to get started cause containers are built using Docker Images. We can get the required docker image from the Docker Registry Hub. Before we pull any image using pull command, we'll need to protect our system as there is identified a malicious issue with pull command. To protect our system from this issue, we'll need to add **127.0.0.1 index.docker.io** into /etc/hosts entry. We can do using our favorite text editor.
# nano /etc/hosts
Now, add the following lines into it and then save and exit.
127.0.0.1 index.docker.io
![Docker Hosts](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/docker-hosts.png)
To pull a docker image, we'll need to run the following command.
# docker pull registry.hub.docker.com/busybox
![Docker pull command](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/pulling-image.png)
We can check whether any Docker image is available in our local host for the use or not.
# docker images
![Docker Images](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/docker-images.png)
### 2. Running a Docker Container ###
Now, after we have successfully pulled a required or desired Docker image. We'll surely want to run that Docker image. We can run a docker container out of the image using docker run command. We have several options and flags to run a docker container on the top of the Docker image. To run a docker image and to get into the container we'll use -t and -i flag as shown below.
# docker run -it busybox
![Docker Run Shell Command](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/docker-run-shell.png)
From the above command, we'll get entered into the container and can access its content via the interactive shell. We can press **Ctrl-D** in order to exit from the shell access.
Now, to run the container in background, we'll detach the shell using -d flag as shown below.
# docker run -itd busybox
![Run Container Background](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/run-container-background.png)
If we want to attach into a running container, we can use attach command with the container id. The container id can be fetched using the command **docker ps** .
# docker attach <container id>
![Docker Attach](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/docker-attach.png)
### 3. Checking Containers ###
It is very easy to check the log whether the container is running or not. We can use the following command to check whether there is any docker container running in the real time or not using the following command.
# docker ps
Now, to check logs about the running or past running containers we'll need to run the following command.
# docker ps -a
![View Docker Containers](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/view-docker-containers1.png)
### 4. Inspecting a Docker Container ###
We can check every information about a Docker Container using the inspect command.
# docker inspect <container id>
![Docker Inspect](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/docker-inspect.png)
### 5. Killing and Deleting Command ###
We can kill or stop process or docker containers using its docker id as shown below.
# docker stop <container id>
To stop every containers running, we'll need to run the following command.
# docker kill $(docker ps -q)
Now, if we wanna remove a docker image, run the below command.
# docker rm <container id>
If we wanna remove all the docker images at once, we can run the below.
# docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
### Conclusion ###
These docker commands are highly essential to learn to fully utilize and use Docker. Docker gets too simple with these commands providing end users an easy platform for computing. It is extremely easy for anyone to learn about Docker commands with this above tutorial. If you have any questions, suggestions, feedback please write them in the comment box below so that we can improve and update our contents. Thank you ! Enjoy :-)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/important-docker-commands/
作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/

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一些重要Docker命令的简单介绍
================================================================================
大家好，今天我们来学习一些在你使用Docker之前需要了解的重要的 Docker 命令。Docker 是一个提供开发平台去打包，装载和运行任何应用的轻量级容器开源项目。它没有语言支持，框架和打包系统的限制，能从一个小的家庭电脑到高端服务器，在任何地方任何时间运行。这使得它们成为不依赖于一个特定的栈或供应商，部署和扩展web应用，数据库和后端服务很好的构建块。
Docker 命令简单易学，也很容易实现或实践。这是一些你运行 Docker 并充分利用它需要知道的简单 Docker 命令。
### 1. 拉取一个 Docker 镜像 ###
由于容器是由 Docker 镜像构建的，首先我们需要拉取一个 docker 镜像来开始。我们可以从 Docker 注册 Hub 获取需要的 docker 镜像。在我们使用 pull 命令拉取任何镜像之前，由于pull命令被标识为恶意命令，我们需要保护我们的系统。为了保护我们的系统不受这个问题影响，我们需要添加 **127.0.0.1 index.docker.io** 到 /etc/hosts 条目。我们可以通过使用喜欢的文本编辑器完成。
# nano /etc/hosts
现在，增加下面的一行到文件并保存退出。
127.0.0.1 index.docker.io
![Docker 宿主机](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/docker-hosts.png)
要拉取一个 docker 进行，我们需要运行下面的命令。
# docker pull registry.hub.docker.com/busybox
![Docker pull 命令](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/pulling-image.png)
我们可以检查本地是否有可用的 Docker 镜像。
# docker images
![Docker 镜像](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/docker-images.png)
### 2. 运行一个 Docker 容器 ###
现在，成功地拉取要求或需要的 Docker 镜像之后，我们当然想运行这个 Docker 镜像。我们可以用 docker run 命令在镜像上运行一个 docker 容器。在 Docker 镜像之上运行一个 docker 容易时我们有很多选项和标记。我们使用 -t 和 -i 标记运行一个 docker 镜像并进入容器，如下面所示。
# docker run -it busybox
![Docker Run Shell 命令](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/docker-run-shell.png)
从上面的命令中，我们进入了容器并可以通过交互 shell 访问它的内容。我们可以键入 **Ctrl-D** 从shell中退出。
现在，在后台运行容器，我们用 -d 标记分离 shell，如下所示。
# docker run -itd busybox
![后台运行容器](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/run-container-background.png)
如果你想进入到一个正在运行的容器，我们可以使用 attach 命令加一个容器 id。可以使用 **docker ps** 命令获取容器 id。
# docker attach <container id>
![进入Docker](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/docker-attach.png)
### 3. 查看容器 ###
不论容器是否运行，查看日志文件都很简单。我们可以使用下面的命令去检查是否有 docker 容器在实时运行。
# docker ps
现在，查看正在运行的或者之前运行的容器的日志，我们需要运行以下的命令。
# docker ps -a
![查看 Docker 容器](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/view-docker-containers1.png)
### 4. 检查 Docker 容器 ###
我们可以使用 inspect 命令检查一个 Docker 容器的每条信息。
# docker inspect <container id>
![检查Docker](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/docker-inspect.png)
### 5. 杀死或删除命令 ###
我们可以使用 docker id 杀死或者停止进程或 docker 容器，如下所示。
# docker stop <container id>
要停止每个正在运行的容器，我们需要运行下面的命令。
# docker kill $(docker ps -q)
现在，如我我们希望移除一个 docker 镜像，运行下面的命令。
# docker rm <container id>
如果我们想一次性移除所有 docker 镜像，我们可以运行以下命令。
# docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
### 结论 ###
这些都是学习充分实现和利用 Docker 很基本的 docker 命令。有了这些命令，Docker 变得很简单，提供给端用户一个简单的计算平台。根据上面的教程，任何人学习 Docker 命令都非常简单。如果你有任何问题，建议，反馈，请写到下面的评论框中以便我们改进和更新内容。多谢！享受吧 :-)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/important-docker-commands/
作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
译者：[ictlyh](https://github.com/ictlyh)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/