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[#]: subject: (How to Upgrade to Debian 11 from Debian 10)
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[#]: via: (https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/upgrade-debian-11-from-debian-10/)
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[#]: author: (Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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How to Upgrade to Debian 11 from Debian 10
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======
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This guide explains the steps to upgrade debian 11 from debian 10.
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[Debian][1] releases are rare. Because it is often a multi-year effort from the community. That is why Debian is truly universal operating system and rock solid stability wise.
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[Debian 11][2], code named Bullseye, officially releases soon. On July 15, 2021, Debian 11 went to complete freeze, which means the release is imminent. Although the official date is not finalized, but you can install or upgrade to Debian 11 from Debian 10 right now.
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This is how.
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### Pre-Requisites
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* The upgrade process is very straightforward. However, it is a good practice to take certain pre-cautions. Specially if you are upgrading a server.
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* Take backup of your system, including all important data and files.
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* Try to disable/remove any external repositories (PPA) you may have added over the time. You can enable them after upgrade one-by-one.
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* Close all the running applications.
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* Stop any running services that you may have enabled. You can start them via [systemctl][3] after upgrade is complete. This includes web server, SSH server, FTP server or any other servers.
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* Make sure you have stable internet connection.
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* And have sufficient downtime of your system. Because depending on your system configuration, a Debian version upgrade takes time ~ between 1.5 hours to 2 hours.
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### Upgrade Debian 10 Buster to 11 Bullseye Linux
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* Make sure your system is up-to-date, and your package list is up-to-date.
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```
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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
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```
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* Install the gcc-8-base package using the below command. This is required because, historically it has been seen, that upgrade fails because of certain dependencies which included in the below package.
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```
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sudo apt install gcc-8-base
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```
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![upgrade debian – system check][4]
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* Open the /etc/apt/sources.list and update with bullseye repositories, by commenting the Debian 10 buster packages.
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* Comment out all the buster repo by “#” at the beginning of the lines.
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![Comment the Debian 10 lines][5]
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* Add the following lines at the end of the file.
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```
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deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free
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deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
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deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main
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deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
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```
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![Add Debian 11 lines][6]
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* Press Ctrl + O to save the file and Ctrl + X to exit nano.
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* Update the system repository list once to verify the addition of the repositories.
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```
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sudo apt update
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```
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* If the above command doesn’t give any error, then you have successfully added the bullseye repo.
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* Now, start the upgrade process by running the below command. The download size is around 1.2 GB for a base installation. That may be different based on your system config.
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```
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sudo apt full-upgrade
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```
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![Debian upgrade start][7]
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* This command takes time. But do not leave the system unattended. Because upgrade process requires various inputs during the course of upgrade.
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![lib6 config][8]
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![sudoers file][9]
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* Once it is completed, you can restart the system using –
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```
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systemctl reboot
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```
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* After reboot, run the following commands to make sure your system is up-to-date, and you cleaned up all the unnecessary packages that is not required anymore.
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```
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sudo apt --purge autoremove
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```
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* If all goes well, you should be seeing the Debian 11 bullseye. You can verify the version using the below command:
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```
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cat /etc/os-release
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```
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![Debian 11 after upgrade][10]
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### Closing Notes
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I hope this guide helps you to upgrade your system to Debian 11 bullseye. If you face any issues, let me know using the comment box below.
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[][11]
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SEE ALSO: Debian 11 bullseye - Default Theme Revealed
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* * *
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/upgrade-debian-11-from-debian-10/
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作者：[Arindam][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.debian.org/
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[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/debian-11-features/
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[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/systemd-systemctl-service/
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[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/upgrade-debian-system-check-1024x503.jpeg
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[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Cpmment-the-Debian-10-lines-1024x636.jpeg
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[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Add-Debian-11-lines-1024x635.jpeg
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[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Debian-upgrade-start-1024x226.jpeg
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[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/lib6-config-1024x195.jpeg
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[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/sudoers-file.jpeg
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[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Debian-11-after-upgrade.jpeg
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[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/11/debian-11-bullseye-theme/
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@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
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[#]: subject: (How to Upgrade to Debian 11 from Debian 10)
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[#]: via: (https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/upgrade-debian-11-from-debian-10/)
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[#]: author: (Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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如何从 Debian 10 升级到 Debian 11
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======
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本指南解释了从 Debian 10 升级到 Debian 11 的步骤。
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[Debian][1] 的发布是很罕见的。因为它往往是来自社区的多年努力。这就是为什么 Debian 是真正的通用操作系统，并且在稳定性方面坚如磐石。
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[Debian 11][2]，代号 Bullseye，即将正式发布。2021 年 7 月 15 日，Debian 11 进入完全冻结状态，这意味着发行在即。虽然官方日期还没有最终确定，但你现在就可以从 Debian 10 安装或升级到 Debian 11。
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以下是方法。
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### 前提条件
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* 升级的过程非常简单明了。然而，采取某些预先注意事项是一个好的做法。特别是如果你正在升级一台服务器。
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* 对你的系统进行备份，包括所有重要的数据和文件。
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* 尝试禁用/删除你可能在一段时间内添加的任何外部仓库（PPA）。你可以在升级后逐一启用它们。
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* 关闭所有正在运行的应用。
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* 停止任何你可能已经启用的运行中的服务。升级完成后，你可以通过 [systemctl][3] 启动它们。这包括网络服务器、SSH 服务器、FTP 服务器或任何其他服务器。
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* 确保你有稳定的互联网连接。
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* 你的系统有足够的停机时间。因为根据你的系统配置，Debian 版本升级需要时间大约在 1.5 小时到 2 小时之间。
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### 将 Debian 10 Buster 升级到 11 Bullseye
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* 确保你的系统是最新的，而且你的软件包列表是最新的。
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```
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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
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```
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* 使用下面的命令安装 gcc-8-base 包。这是必须的，因为在历史上曾出现过升级失败的情况，这是因为下面的软件包中包含了某些依赖。
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```
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sudo apt install gcc-8-base
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```
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![upgrade debian – system check][4]
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* 打开 /etc/apt/sources.list，通过注释 Debian 10 buster 包，而使用 bullseye 仓库进行更新。
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* 注释所有的 buster 仓库，在行的开头加上 “#”。
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![Comment the Debian 10 lines][5]
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* 在文件的末尾添加以下几行。
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```
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deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free
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deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
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deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main
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deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
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```
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![Add Debian 11 lines][6]
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* 按 Ctrl + O 保存文件，按 Ctrl + X 退出 nano。
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* 更新一次系统仓库列表，以验证仓库的添加情况。
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```
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sudo apt update
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```
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* 如果上面的命令没有出现任何错误，那么你已经成功地添加了 bullseye 仓库。
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* 现在，通过运行下面的命令开始升级过程。基本安装的下载大小约为 1.2GB。这可能会根据你的系统配置而有所不同。
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```
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sudo apt full-upgrade
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```
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![Debian upgrade start][7]
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* 这个命令需要时间。但不要让系统无人看管。因为升级过程中需要各种输入。
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![lib6 config][8]
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![sudoers file][9]
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* 完成后，你可以用以下命令重启系统。
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```
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systemctl reboot
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```
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* 重启后，运行以下命令，以确保你的系统是最新的，并且清理了所有不再需要的不必要的软件包。
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```
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sudo apt --purge autoremove
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```
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* 如果一切顺利，你应该看到 Debian 11 bullseye。你可以用下面的命令来验证版本：
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```
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cat /etc/os-release
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```
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![Debian 11 after upgrade][10]
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### 结束语
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我希望这个指南能帮助你将你的系统升级到 Debian 11 bullseye。如果你遇到任何问题，请在下面的评论栏告诉我。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/07/upgrade-debian-11-from-debian-10/
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作者：[Arindam][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.debian.org/
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[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/debian-11-features/
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[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/systemd-systemctl-service/
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[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/upgrade-debian-system-check-1024x503.jpeg
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[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Cpmment-the-Debian-10-lines-1024x636.jpeg
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[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Add-Debian-11-lines-1024x635.jpeg
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[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Debian-upgrade-start-1024x226.jpeg
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[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/lib6-config-1024x195.jpeg
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[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/sudoers-file.jpeg
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[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Debian-11-after-upgrade.jpeg
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