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搭建私有云：OwnCloud
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
所有人都在讨论云。尽管市面上有很多为我们提供云存储和其他云服务的主要服务商，但是我们还是可以为自己搭建一个私有云。
|
||||
|
||||
在本教程中，我们将讨论如何利用 OwnCloud 搭建私有云。OwnCloud 是一个可以安装在我们 Linux 设备上的 web 应用程序，能够存储和用我们的数据提供服务。OwnCloud 可以分享日历、联系人和书签，共享音/视频流等等。
|
||||
|
||||
本教程中，我们使用的是 CentOS 7 系统，但是本教程同样适用于其他 Linux 发行版中安装 OwnCloud。让我们开始安装 OwnCloud 并且做一些准备工作，
|
||||
|
||||
- 推荐阅读：[如何在 CentOS & RHEL 上使用 Apache 作为反向代理服务器][1]
|
||||
- 同时推荐：[实时 Linux 服务器监测和 GLANCES 监测工具][2]
|
||||
|
||||
### 预备
|
||||
|
||||
* 我们需要在机器上配置 LAMP。参照阅读我们的文章《[在 CentOS/RHEL 上配置 LAMP 服务器最简单的教程][3]》 & 《[在 Ubuntu 搭建 LAMP][4]》。
|
||||
* 我们需要在自己的设备里安装这些包，`php-mysql`、 `php-json`、 `php-xml`、 `php-mbstring`、 `php-zip`、 `php-gd`、 `curl、 `php-curl` 、`php-pdo`。使用包管理器安装它们。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo yum install php-mysql php-json php-xml php-mbstring php-zip php-gd curl php-curl php-pdo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装
|
||||
|
||||
安装 OwnCloud，我们现在需要在服务器上下载 OwnCloud 安装包。使用下面的命令从官方网站下载最新的安装包（10.0.4-1）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ wget https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-10.0.4.tar.bz2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用下面的命令解压：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ tar -xvf owncloud-10.0.4.tar.bz2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在，将所有解压后的文件移动至 `/var/www/html`：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ mv owncloud/* /var/www/html
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下一步，我们需要在 Apache 的配置文件 `httpd.conf` 上做些修改：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
更改下面的选项：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
AllowOverride All
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
保存该文件，并修改 OwnCloud 文件夹的文件权限：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html/
|
||||
$ sudo chmod 777 /var/www/html/config/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然后重启 Apache 服务器执行修改：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在，我们需要在 MariaDB 上创建一个数据库，保存来自 OwnCloud 的数据。使用下面的命令创建数据库和数据库用户：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ mysql -u root -p
|
||||
MariaDB [(none)] > create database owncloud;
|
||||
MariaDB [(none)] > GRANT ALL ON owncloud.* TO ocuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'owncloud';
|
||||
MariaDB [(none)] > flush privileges;
|
||||
MariaDB [(none)] > exit
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
服务器配置部分完成后，现在我们可以在网页浏览器上访问 OwnCloud。打开浏览器，输入您的服务器 IP 地址，我这边的服务器是 10.20.30.100：
|
||||
|
||||
![安装 owncloud][7]
|
||||
|
||||
一旦 URL 加载完毕，我们将呈现上述页面。这里，我们将创建管理员用户同时提供数据库信息。当所有信息提供完毕，点击“Finish setup”。
|
||||
|
||||
我们将被重定向到登录页面，在这里，我们需要输入先前创建的凭据：
|
||||
|
||||
![安装 owncloud][9]
|
||||
|
||||
认证成功之后，我们将进入 OwnCloud 面板：
|
||||
|
||||
![安装 owncloud][11]
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以使用手机应用程序，同样也可以使用网页界面更新我们的数据。现在，我们已经有自己的私有云了，同时，关于如何安装 OwnCloud 创建私有云的教程也进入尾声。请在评论区留下自己的问题或建议。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linuxtechlab.com/create-personal-cloud-install-owncloud/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[SHUSAIN][a]
|
||||
译者：[CYLeft](https://github.com/CYLeft)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com/author/shsuain/
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/apache-as-reverse-proxy-centos-rhel/
|
||||
[2]:http://linuxtechlab.com/linux-server-glances-monitoring-tool/
|
||||
[3]:http://linuxtechlab.com/easiest-guide-creating-lamp-server/
|
||||
[4]:http://linuxtechlab.com/install-lamp-stack-on-ubuntu/
|
||||
[6]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif?resize=400%2C647
|
||||
[7]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/owncloud1-compressor.jpg?resize=400%2C647
|
||||
[8]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif?resize=876%2C541
|
||||
[9]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/owncloud2-compressor1.jpg?resize=876%2C541
|
||||
[10]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif?resize=981%2C474
|
||||
[11]:https://i0.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/owncloud3-compressor1.jpg?resize=981%2C474
|
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@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
|
||||
What’s next in IT automation: 6 trends to watch
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
We’ve recently covered the [factors fueling IT automation][1], the [current trends][2] to watch as adoption grows, and [helpful tips][3] for those organizations just beginning to automate certain processes.
|
||||
|
||||
Oh, and we also shared expert advice on [how to make the case for automation][4] in your company, as well as [keys for long-term success][5].
|
||||
|
||||
Now, there’s just one question: What’s next? We asked a range of experts to share a peek into the not-so-distant future of [automation][6]. Here are six trends they advise IT leaders to monitor closely.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Machine learning matures
|
||||
|
||||
For all of the buzz around [machine learning][7] (and the overlapping phrase “self-learning systems”), it’s still very early days for most organizations in terms of actual implementations. Expect that to change, and for machine learning to play a significant role in the next waves of IT automation.
|
||||
|
||||
Mehul Amin, director of engineering for [Advanced Systems Concepts, Inc.][8], points to machine learning as one of the next key growth areas for IT automation.
|
||||
|
||||
“With the data that is developed, automation software can make decisions that otherwise might be the responsibility of the developer,” Amin says. “For example, the developer builds what needs to be executed, but identifying the best system to execute the processes might be [done] by software using analytics from within the system.”
|
||||
|
||||
That extends elsewhere in this same hypothetical system; Amin notes that machine learning can enable automated systems to provision additional resources when necessary to meet timelines or SLAs, as well as retire those resources when they’re no longer needed, and other possibilities.
|
||||
|
||||
Amin is certainly not alone.
|
||||
|
||||
“IT automation is moving towards self-learning,” says Kiran Chitturi, CTO architect at [Sungard Availability Services][9]. “Systems will be able to test and monitor themselves, enhancing business processes and software delivery.”
|
||||
|
||||
Chitturi points to automated testing as an example; test scripts are already in widespread adoption, but soon those automated testing processes may be more likely to learn as they go, developing, for example, wider recognition of how new code or code changes will impact production environments.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Artificial intelligence spawns automation opportunities
|
||||
|
||||
The same principles above hold true for the related (but separate) field of [artificial intelligence][10]. Depending on your definition of AI, it seems likely that machine learning will have the more significant IT impact in the near term (and we’re likely to see a lot of overlapping definitions and understandings of the two fields). Assume that emerging AI technologies will spawn new automation opportunities, too.
|
||||
|
||||
“The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning capabilities is widely perceived as critical for business success in the coming years,” says Patrick Hubbard, head geek at [SolarWinds][11].
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. That doesn’t mean people are obsolete
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s try to calm those among us who are now hyperventilating into a paper bag: The first two trends don’t necessarily mean we’re all going to be out of a job.
|
||||
|
||||
It is likely to mean changes to various roles – and the creation of [new roles][12] altogether.
|
||||
|
||||
But in the foreseeable future, at least, you don’t need to practice bowing to your robot overlords.
|
||||
|
||||
“A machine can only consider the environment variables that it is given – it can’t choose to include new variables, only a human can do this today,” Hubbard explains. “However, for IT professionals this will necessitate the cultivation of AI- and automation-era skills such as programming, coding, a basic understanding of the algorithms that govern AI and machine learning functionality, and a strong security posture in the face of more sophisticated cyberattacks.”
|
||||
|
||||
Hubbard shares the example of new tools or capabilities such as AI-enabled security software or machine-learning applications that remotely spot maintenance needs in an oil pipeline. Both might improve efficiency and effectiveness; neither automatically replaces the people necessary for information security or pipeline maintenance.
|
||||
|
||||
“Many new functionalities still require human oversight,” Hubbard says. “In order for a machine to determine if something ‘predictive’ could become ‘prescriptive,’ for example, human management is needed.”
|
||||
|
||||
The same principle holds true even if you set machine learning and AI aside for a moment and look at IT automation more generally, especially in the software development lifecycle.
|
||||
|
||||
Matthew Oswalt, lead architect for automation at [Juniper Networks][13], points out that the fundamental reason IT automation is growing is that it is creating immediate value by reducing the amount of manual effort required to operate infrastructure.
|
||||
|
||||
Rather than responding to an infrastructure issue at 3 a.m. themselves, operations engineers can use event-driven automation to define their workflows ahead of time, as code.
|
||||
|
||||
“It also sets the stage for treating their operations workflows as code rather than easily outdated documentation or tribal knowledge,” Oswalt explains. “Operations staff are still required to play an active role in how [automation] tooling responds to events. The next phase of adopting automation is to put in place a system that is able to recognize interesting events that take place across the IT spectrum and respond in an autonomous fashion. Rather than responding to an infrastructure issue at 3 a.m. themselves, operations engineers can use event-driven automation to define their workflows ahead of time, as code. They can rely on this system to respond in the same way they would, at any time.”
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Automation anxiety will decrease
|
||||
|
||||
Hubbard of SolarWinds notes that the term “automation” itself tends to spawn a lot of uncertainty and concern, not just in IT but across professional disciplines, and he says that concern is legitimate. But some of the attendant fears may be overblown, and even perpetuated by the tech industry itself. Reality might actually be the calming force on this front: When the actual implementation and practice of automation helps people realize #3 on this list, then we’ll see #4 occur.
|
||||
|
||||
“This year we’ll likely see a decrease in automation anxiety and more organizations begin to embrace AI and machine learning as a way to augment their existing human resources,” Hubbard says. “Automation has historically created room for more jobs by lowering the cost and time required to accomplish smaller tasks and refocusing the workforce on things that cannot be automated and require human labor. The same will be true of AI and machine learning.”
|
||||
|
||||
Automation will also decrease some anxiety around the topic most likely to increase an IT leader’s blood pressure: Security. As Matt Smith, chief architect, [Red Hat][14], recently [noted][15], automation will increasingly help IT groups reduce the security risks associated with maintenance tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
His advice: “Start by documenting and automating the interactions between IT assets during maintenance activities. By relying on automation, not only will you eliminate tasks that historically required much manual effort and surgical skill, you will also be reducing the risks of human error and demonstrating what’s possible when your IT organization embraces change and new methods of work. Ultimately, this will reduce resistance to promptly applying security patches. And it could also help keep your business out of the headlines during the next major security event.”
|
||||
|
||||
**[ Read the full article: [12 bad enterprise security habits to break][16]. ] **
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Continued evolution of scripting and automation tools
|
||||
|
||||
Many organizations see the first steps toward increasing automation – usually in the form of scripting or automation tools (sometimes referred to as configuration management tools) – as "early days" work.
|
||||
|
||||
But views of those tools are evolving as the use of various automation technologies grows.
|
||||
|
||||
“There are many processes in the data center environment that are repetitive and subject to human error, and technologies such as [Ansible][17] help to ameliorate those issues,” says Mark Abolafia, chief operating officer at [DataVision][18]. “With Ansible, one can write a specific playbook for a set of actions and input different variables such as addresses, etc., to automate long chains of process that were previously subject to human touch and longer lead times.”
|
||||
|
||||
**[ Want to learn more about this aspect of Ansible? Read the related article:[Tips for success when getting started with Ansible][19]. ]**
|
||||
|
||||
Another factor: The tools themselves will continue to become more advanced.
|
||||
|
||||
“With advanced IT automation tools, developers will be able to build and automate workflows in less time, reducing error-prone coding,” says Amin of ASCI. “These tools include pre-built, pre-tested drag-and-drop integrations, API jobs, the rich use of variables, reference functionality, and object revision history.”
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Automation opens new metrics opportunities
|
||||
|
||||
As we’ve said previously in this space, automation isn’t IT snake oil. It won’t fix busted processes or otherwise serve as some catch-all elixir for what ails your organization. That’s true on an ongoing basis, too: Automation doesn’t eliminate the need to measure performance.
|
||||
|
||||
**[ See our related article[DevOps metrics: Are you measuring what matters?][20] ]**
|
||||
|
||||
In fact, automation should open up new opportunities here.
|
||||
|
||||
“As more and more development activities – source control, DevOps pipelines, work item tracking – move to the API-driven platforms – the opportunity and temptation to stitch these pieces of raw data together to paint the picture of your organization's efficiency increases,” says Josh Collins, VP of architecture at [Janeiro Digital][21].
|
||||
|
||||
Collins thinks of this as a possible new “development organization metrics-in-a-box.” But don’t mistake that to mean machines and algorithms can suddenly measure everything IT does.
|
||||
|
||||
“Whether measuring individual resources or the team in aggregate, these metrics can be powerful – but should be balanced with a heavy dose of context,” Collins says. “Use this data for high-level trends and to affirm qualitative observations – not to clinically grade your team.”
|
||||
|
||||
**Want more wisdom like this, IT leaders?[Sign up for our weekly email newsletter][22].**
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2018/3/what-s-next-it-automation-6-trends-watch
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Kevin Casey][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://enterprisersproject.com/user/kevin-casey
|
||||
[1]:https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2017/12/5-factors-fueling-automation-it-now
|
||||
[2]:https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2017/12/4-trends-watch-it-automation-expands
|
||||
[3]:https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2018/1/getting-started-automation-6-tips
|
||||
[4]:https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2018/1/how-make-case-it-automation
|
||||
[5]:https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2018/1/it-automation-best-practices-7-keys-long-term-success
|
||||
[6]:https://enterprisersproject.com/tags/automation
|
||||
[7]:https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2018/2/how-spot-machine-learning-opportunity
|
||||
[8]:https://www.advsyscon.com/en-us/
|
||||
[9]:https://www.sungardas.com/en/
|
||||
[10]:https://enterprisersproject.com/tags/artificial-intelligence
|
||||
[11]:https://www.solarwinds.com/
|
||||
[12]:https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2017/12/8-emerging-ai-jobs-it-pros
|
||||
[13]:https://www.juniper.net/
|
||||
[14]:https://www.redhat.com/en?intcmp=701f2000000tjyaAAA
|
||||
[15]:https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2018/2/12-bad-enterprise-security-habits-break
|
||||
[16]:https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2018/2/12-bad-enterprise-security-habits-break?sc_cid=70160000000h0aXAAQ
|
||||
[17]:https://opensource.com/tags/ansible
|
||||
[18]:https://datavision.com/
|
||||
[19]:https://opensource.com/article/18/2/tips-success-when-getting-started-ansible?intcmp=701f2000000tjyaAAA
|
||||
[20]:https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2017/7/devops-metrics-are-you-measuring-what-matters?sc_cid=70160000000h0aXAAQ
|
||||
[21]:https://www.janeirodigital.com/
|
||||
[22]:https://enterprisersproject.com/email-newsletter?intcmp=701f2000000tsjPAAQ
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
|
||||
Try, learn, modify: The new IT leader's code
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Just about every day, new technological developments threaten to destabilize even the most intricate and best-laid business plans. Organizations often find themselves scrambling to adapt to new conditions, and that's created a shift in how they plan for the future.
|
||||
|
||||
According to a 2017 [study][1] by CompTIA, only 34% of companies are currently developing IT architecture plans that extend beyond 12 months. One reason for that shift away from a longer-term plan is that business contexts are changing so quickly that planning any further into the future is nearly impossible. "If your company is trying to set a plan that will last five to 10 years down the road," [CIO.com writes][1], "forget it."
|
||||
|
||||
I've heard similar statements from countless customers and partners around the world. Technological innovations are occurring at an unprecedented pace.
|
||||
|
||||
The result is that long-term planning is dead. We need to be thinking differently about the way we run our organizations if we're going to succeed in this new world.
|
||||
|
||||
### How planning died
|
||||
|
||||
As I wrote in The Open Organization, traditionally-run organizations are optimized for industrial economies. They embrace hierarchical structures and rigidly prescribed processes as they work to achieve positional competitive advantage. To be successful, they have to define the strategic positions they want to achieve. Then they have to formulate and dictate plans for getting there, and execute on those plans in the most efficient ways possible—by coordinating activities and driving compliance.
|
||||
|
||||
Management's role is to optimize this process: plan, prescribe, execute. It consists of saying: Let's think of a competitively advantaged position; let's configure our organization to ultimately get there; and then let's drive execution by making sure all aspects of the organization comply. It's what I'll call "mechanical management," and it's a brilliant solution for a different time.
|
||||
|
||||
In today's volatile and uncertain world, our ability to predict and define strategic positions is diminishing—because the pace of change, the rate of introduction of new variables, is accelerating. Classic, long-term, strategic planning and execution isn't as effective as it used to be.
|
||||
|
||||
If long-term planning has become so difficult, then prescribing necessary behaviors is even more challenging. And measuring compliance against a plan is next to impossible.
|
||||
|
||||
All this dramatically affects the way people work. Unlike workers in the traditionally-run organizations of the past—who prided themselves on being able to act repetitively, with little variation and comfortable certainty—today's workers operate in contexts of abundant ambiguity. Their work requires greater creativity, intuition, and critical judgment—there is a greater demand to deviate from yesterday's "normal" and adjust to today's new conditions.
|
||||
|
||||
In today's volatile and uncertain world, our ability to predict and define strategic positions is diminishing—because the pace of change, the rate of introduction of new variables, is accelerating.
|
||||
|
||||
Working in this new way has become more critical to value creation. Our management systems must focus on building structures, systems, and processes that help create engaged, motivated workers—people who are enabled to innovate and act with speed and agility.
|
||||
|
||||
We need to come up with a different solution for optimizing organizations for a very different economic era, one that works from the bottom up rather than the top down. We need to replace that old three-step formula for success—plan, prescribe, execute—with one much better suited to today's tumultuous climate: try, learn, modify.
|
||||
|
||||
### Try, learn, modify
|
||||
|
||||
Because conditions can change so rapidly and with so little warning—and because the steps we need to take next are no longer planned in advance—we need to cultivate environments that encourage creative trial and error, not unyielding allegiance to a five-year schedule. Here are just a few implications of beginning to work this way:
|
||||
|
||||
* **Shorter planning cycles (try).** Rather than agonize over long-term strategic directions, managers need to be thinking of short-term experiments they can try quickly. They should be seeking ways to help their teams take calculated risks and leverage the data at their disposal to make best guesses about the most beneficial paths forward. They can do this by lowering overhead and giving teams the freedom to try new approaches quickly.
|
||||
* **Higher tolerance for failure (learn).** Greater frequency of experimentation means greater opportunity for failure. Creative and resilient organizations have a[significantly higher tolerance for failure][2] than traditional organizations do. Managers should treat failures as learning opportunities—moments to gather feedback on the tests their teams are running.
|
||||
* **More adaptable structures (modify).** An ability to easily modify organizational structures and strategic directions—and the willingness to do it when conditions necessitate—is the key to ensuring that organizations can evolve in line with rapidly changing environmental conditions. Managers can't be wedded to any idea any longer than that idea proves itself to be useful for accomplishing a short-term goal.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If long-term planning is dead, then long live shorter-term experimentation. Try, learn, and modify—that's the best path forward during uncertain times.
|
||||
|
||||
[Subscribe to our weekly newsletter][3] to learn more about open organizations.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/open-organization/18/3/try-learn-modify
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jim Whitehurst][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/remyd
|
||||
[1]:https://www.cio.com/article/3246027/enterprise-architecture/the-death-of-long-term-it-planning.html?upd=1515780110970
|
||||
[2]:https://opensource.com/open-organization/16/12/building-culture-innovation-your-organization
|
||||
[3]:https://opensource.com/open-organization/resources/newsletter
|
||||
@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
|
||||
translating---geekpi
|
||||
|
||||
How to access/view Python help when using vim
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
I am a new Vim text editor user. I am writing Python code. Is there is a way to see Python documentation within vim and without visiting the Internet? Say my cursor is under the print Python keyword, and I press F1. I want to look at the help for the print keyword. How do I show python help() inside vim? How do I call pydoc3/pydoc to seek help without leaving vim?
|
||||
|
||||
The pydoc or pydoc3 command show text documentation on the name of a Python keyword, topic, function, module, or package, or a dotted reference to a class or function within a module or module in a package. You can call pydoc from vim itself. Let us see how to access Python documentation using pydoc within vim text editor.
|
||||
|
||||
### Access python help using pydoc
|
||||
|
||||
The syntax is:
|
||||
```
|
||||
pydoc keyword
|
||||
pydoc3 keyword
|
||||
pydoc len
|
||||
pydoc print
|
||||
```
|
||||
Edit your ~/.vimrc:
|
||||
`$ vim ~/.vimrc`
|
||||
Append the following configuration for pydoc3 (python v3.x docs). Create a mapping for H key that works in normal mode:
|
||||
```
|
||||
nnoremap <buffer> H :<C-u>execute "!pydoc3 " . expand("<cword>")<CR>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Save and close the file. Open vim text editor:
|
||||
`$ vim file.py`
|
||||
Write some code:
|
||||
```
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/python3
|
||||
x=5
|
||||
y=10
|
||||
z=x+y
|
||||
print(z)
|
||||
print("Hello world")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Position cursor under the print Python keyword and press Shift followed by H. You will see output as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
[![Access Python Help Within Vim][1]][1]
|
||||
Gif.01: Press H to view help for the print Python keyword
|
||||
|
||||
### How to view python help when using vim
|
||||
|
||||
[jedi-vim][2] is a VIM binding to the autocompletion library Jed. It can do many things including display help for keyword when you press Shift followed by K i.e. press capital K.
|
||||
|
||||
#### How to install jedi-vim on Linux or Unix-like system
|
||||
|
||||
Use [pathogen][3], [vim-plug][4] or [Vundle][5] to install jedi-vim. I am using Vim-Plug. Add the following line in ~/vimrc:
|
||||
`Plug 'davidhalter/jedi-vim'`
|
||||
Save and close the file. Start vim and type:
|
||||
`PlugInstall`
|
||||
On Arch Linux, you can also install jedi-vim from official repositories as vim-jedi using pacman command:
|
||||
`$ sudo pacman -S vim-jedi`
|
||||
It is also available on Debian (?8) and Ubuntu (?14.04) as vim-python-jedi using [apt command][6]/[apt-get command][7]:
|
||||
`$ sudo apt install vim-python-jedi`
|
||||
On Fedora Linux, it is available as vim-jedi using dnf command:
|
||||
`$ sudo dnf install vim-jedi`
|
||||
Jedi is by default automatically initialized. So no further configuration needed on your part. To see Documentation/Pydoc press K. It shows a popup with assignments:
|
||||
[![How to view python help when using vim][8]][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### about the author
|
||||
|
||||
The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. He has worked with global clients and in various industries, including IT, education, defense and space research, and the nonprofit sector. Follow him on [Twitter][9], [Facebook][10], [Google+][11].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-access-view-python-help-when-using-vim/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
|
||||
[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2018/01/Access-Python-Help-Within-Vim.gif
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/davidhalter/jedi-vim
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen
|
||||
[4]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/programming/vim-plug-a-beautiful-and-minimalist-vim-plugin-manager-for-unix-and-linux-users/
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/gmarik/vundle
|
||||
[6]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-lts-debian-linux-apt-command-examples/ (See Linux/Unix apt command examples for more info)
|
||||
[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html (See Linux/Unix apt-get command examples for more info)
|
||||
[8]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2018/01/How-to-view-Python-Documentation-using-pydoc-within-vim-on-Linux-Unix.jpg
|
||||
[9]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft
|
||||
[10]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft
|
||||
[11]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
translating---geekpi
|
||||
|
||||
Protecting Code Integrity with PGP — Part 3: Generating PGP Subkeys
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
70
sources/tech/20180306 Exploring free and open web fonts.md
Normal file
70
sources/tech/20180306 Exploring free and open web fonts.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
|
||||
Exploring free and open web fonts
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
There is no question that the face of the web has been transformed in recent years by open source fonts. Prior to 2010, the only typefaces you were likely to see in a web browser were the generic "web safe" [core fonts][1] from Microsoft. But that year saw the start of several revolutions: the introduction of the Web Open Font Format ([WOFF][2]), which offered an open standard for efficiently delivering font files over HTTP, and the launch of web-font services like [Google Fonts][3] and the [Open Font Library][4]—both of which offered web publishers access to a large collection of fonts, for free, available under open licenses.
|
||||
|
||||
It is hard to overstate the positive impact of these events on web typography. But it can be all too easy to equate the successes of open web fonts with open source typography as a whole and conclude that the challenges are behind us, the puzzles solved. That is not the case, so if you care about type, the good news is there are a lot of opportunities to get involved in improvement.
|
||||
|
||||
For starters, it's critical to understand that Google Fonts and Open Font Library offer a specialized service—delivering fonts in web pages—and they don't implement solutions for other use cases. That is not a shortcoming on the services' side; it simply means that we have to develop other solutions.
|
||||
|
||||
There are a number of problems to solve. Probably the most obvious example is the awkwardness of installing fonts on a desktop Linux machine for use in other applications. You can download any of the web fonts offered by either service, but all you will get is a generic ZIP file with some TTF or OTF binaries inside and a plaintext license file. What happens next is up to you to guess.
|
||||
|
||||
Most users learn quickly that the "right" step is to manually copy those font binaries into any one of a handful of special directories on their hard drive. But that just makes the files visible to the operating system; it doesn't offer much in the way of a user experience. Again, this is not a flaw with the web-font service; rather it's evidence of the point where the service stops and more work needs to be done on the other side.
|
||||
|
||||
A big improvement from the user's perspective would be for the OS or the desktop environment to be smarter at this "just downloaded" stage. Not only would it install the font files to the right location but, more importantly, it could add important metadata that the user will want to access when selecting a font to use in a project.
|
||||
|
||||
What this additional information consists of and how it is presented to the user is tied to another challenge: Managing a font collection on Linux is noticeably less pleasant than on other operating systems. Periodically, font manager applications appear (see [GTK+ Font Manager][5] for one of the most recent examples), but they rarely catch on. I've been thinking a lot about where I think they come up short; one core factor is they have limited themselves to displaying only the information embedded in the font binary: basic character-set coverage, weight/width/slope settings, embedded license and copyright statements, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
But a lot of decisions go into the process of selecting a font for a job besides what's in this embedded data. Serious font users—like information designers, journal article authors, or book designers—make their font-selection decisions in the context of each document's requirements and needs. That includes license information, naturally, but it includes much more, like information about the designer and the foundry, stylistic trends, or details about how the font works in use.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, if your document includes both English and Arabic text, you probably want a font where the Latin and Arabic glyphs were designed together by someone experienced with the two scripts. Otherwise, you'll waste a ton of time making tiny adjustments to the font sizes and line spacing trying to get the two languages to mix well. You may have learned from experience that certain designers or vendors are better at multi-script design than others. Or it might be relevant to your project that today's fashion magazines almost exclusively use "[Didone][6]"-style typefaces, a name that refers to super-high-contrast styles pioneered by [Firmin Didot][7] and [Giambattista Bodoni][8] around 200 years ago. It just happens to be the trend.
|
||||
|
||||
But none of those terms (Didone, Didot, or Bodoni) are likely to show up in the binary's embedded data, nor is easy to tell whether the Latin and Arabic fit together or anything else about the typeface's back history. That information might appear in supplementary material like a type specimen or font documentation—if any exists.
|
||||
|
||||
A specimen is a designed document (often a PDF) that shows the font in use and includes background information; it frequently serves a dual role as a marketing piece and a sample to look at when choosing a font. The considered design of a specimen showcases how the font functions in practice and in a manner that an automatically generated character table simply cannot. Documentation may include some other vital information, like how to activate the font's OpenType features, what mathematical or archaic forms it provides, or how it varies stylistically across supported languages. Making this sort of material available to the user in the font-management application would go a long way towards helping users find the fonts that fit their projects' needs.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, if we're going to consider a font manager that can handle documentation and specimens, we also have to take a hard look at what comes with the font packages provided by distributions. Linux users start with a few fonts automatically installed, and repository-provided packages are the only font source most users have besides downloading the generic ZIP archive. Those packages tend to be pretty bare-bones. Commercial fonts generally include specimens, documentation, and other support items, whereas open source fonts usually do not.
|
||||
|
||||
There are some excellent examples of open fonts that do provide quality specimens and documentation (see [SIL Gentium][9] and [Bungee][10] for two distinctly different but valid approaches), but they rarely (if ever) make their way into the downstream packaging chain. We plainly can do better.
|
||||
|
||||
There are some technical obstacles to offering a richer user experience for interacting with the fonts on your system. For one thing, the [AppStream][11] metadata standard defines a few [parameters][12] specific to font files, but so far includes nothing that would cover specimens, designer and foundry information, and other relevant details. For another, the [SPDX][13] (Software Package Data Exchange) format does not cover many of the software licenses (and license variants) used to distribute fonts.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, as any audiophile will tell you, a music player that does not let you edit and augment the ID3 tags in your MP3 collection is going to get frustrating quickly. You want to fix errors in the tags, you want to add things like notes and album art—essentially, you want to polish your library. You would want to do the same to keep your local font library in a pleasant-to-use state.
|
||||
|
||||
But editing the embedded data in a font file has been taboo because fonts tend to get embedded and attached to other documents. If you monkey with the fields in a font binary, then redistribute it with your presentation slides, anyone who downloads those slides can end up with bad metadata through no fault of their own. So anyone making improvements to the font-management experience will have to figure out how to strategically wrangle repeated changes to the embedded and external font metadata.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the technical angle, enriching the font-management experience is also a design challenge. As I said above, good specimens and well-written documentation exist for several open fonts. But there are many more packages missing both, and there are a lot of older font packages that are no longer being maintained. That probably means the only way that most open font packages are going to get specimens or documentation is for the community to create them.
|
||||
|
||||
Perhaps that's a tall order. But the open source design community is bigger than it has ever been, and it is a highly motivated segment of the overall free and open source software movement. So who knows; maybe this time next year finding, downloading, and using fonts on a desktop Linux system will be an entirely different experience.
|
||||
|
||||
One train of thought on the typography challenges of modern Linux users includes packaging, document design, and maybe even a few new software components for desktop environments. There are other trains to consider, too. The commonality is that where the web-font service ends, matters get more difficult.
|
||||
|
||||
The best news, from my perspective, is that there are more people interested in this topic than ever before. For that, I think we have the higher profile that open fonts have received from big web-font services like Google Fonts and Open Font Library to thank.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/3/webfonts
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Nathan Willis][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/n8willis
|
||||
[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_fonts_for_the_Web
|
||||
[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Open_Font_Format
|
||||
[3]:https://fonts.google.com/
|
||||
[4]:https://fontlibrary.org/
|
||||
[5]:https://fontmanager.github.io/
|
||||
[6]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didone_(typography)
|
||||
[7]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmin_Didot
|
||||
[8]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giambattista_Bodoni
|
||||
[9]:https://software.sil.org/gentium/
|
||||
[10]:https://djr.com/bungee/
|
||||
[11]:https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Distributions/AppStream/
|
||||
[12]:https://www.freedesktop.org/software/appstream/docs/sect-Metadata-Fonts.html
|
||||
[13]:https://spdx.org/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
|
||||
How To Check All Running Services In Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
There are many ways and tools to check and list all running services in Linux. Usually most of the administrator use `service service-name status` or `/etc/init.d/service-name status` for sysVinit system and `systemctl status service-name` for systemd systems.
|
||||
|
||||
The above command clearly shows that the mentioned service is running on server or not. It is very simple and basic command that should known by every Linux administrator.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are new to your environment and you don’t know what services are running on the system. How do you check?
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, we can check this. This will will help us to understand what are the services are running on the system and whether it’s necessary or need to disable.
|
||||
|
||||
### What Is SysVinit
|
||||
|
||||
init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the computer system. Init is a daemon process that continues running until the system is shut down.
|
||||
|
||||
SysVinit is an old and traditional init system and system manager for old systems. Most of the latest distributions were adapted to systemd system due to some of the long pending issues on sysVinit system.
|
||||
|
||||
### What Is systemd
|
||||
|
||||
systemd is a new init system and system manager which is become very popular and widely adapted new standard init system by most of Linux distributions. Systemctl is a systemd utility which is help us to manage systemd system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-1: How To Check Running Services In sysVinit System
|
||||
|
||||
The below command helps us to check and list all running services in sysVinit system.
|
||||
|
||||
If you have many number of services, i would advise you to use file view commands such as less, more, etc commands for clear view.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# service --status-all
|
||||
or
|
||||
# service --status-all | more
|
||||
or
|
||||
# service --status-all | less
|
||||
|
||||
abrt-ccpp hook is installed
|
||||
abrtd (pid 2131) is running...
|
||||
abrt-dump-oops is stopped
|
||||
acpid (pid 1958) is running...
|
||||
atd (pid 2164) is running...
|
||||
auditd (pid 1731) is running...
|
||||
Frequency scaling enabled using ondemand governor
|
||||
crond (pid 2153) is running...
|
||||
hald (pid 1967) is running...
|
||||
htcacheclean is stopped
|
||||
httpd is stopped
|
||||
Table: filter
|
||||
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
|
||||
num target prot opt source destination
|
||||
1 ACCEPT all ::/0 ::/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
|
||||
2 ACCEPT icmpv6 ::/0 ::/0
|
||||
3 ACCEPT all ::/0 ::/0
|
||||
4 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80
|
||||
5 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:21
|
||||
6 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
|
||||
7 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:25
|
||||
8 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2082
|
||||
9 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2086
|
||||
10 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2083
|
||||
11 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2087
|
||||
12 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:10000
|
||||
13 REJECT all ::/0 ::/0 reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited
|
||||
|
||||
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
|
||||
num target prot opt source destination
|
||||
1 REJECT all ::/0 ::/0 reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited
|
||||
|
||||
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
|
||||
num target prot opt source destination
|
||||
|
||||
iptables: Firewall is not running.
|
||||
irqbalance (pid 1826) is running...
|
||||
Kdump is operational
|
||||
lvmetad is stopped
|
||||
mdmonitor is stopped
|
||||
messagebus (pid 1929) is running...
|
||||
SUCCESS! MySQL running (24376)
|
||||
rndc: neither /etc/rndc.conf nor /etc/rndc.key was found
|
||||
named is stopped
|
||||
netconsole module not loaded
|
||||
Usage: startup.sh { start | stop }
|
||||
Configured devices:
|
||||
lo eth0 eth1
|
||||
Currently active devices:
|
||||
lo eth0
|
||||
ntpd is stopped
|
||||
portreserve (pid 1749) is running...
|
||||
master (pid 2107) is running...
|
||||
Process accounting is disabled.
|
||||
quota_nld is stopped
|
||||
rdisc is stopped
|
||||
rngd is stopped
|
||||
rpcbind (pid 1840) is running...
|
||||
rsyslogd (pid 1756) is running...
|
||||
sandbox is stopped
|
||||
saslauthd is stopped
|
||||
smartd is stopped
|
||||
openssh-daemon (pid 9859) is running...
|
||||
svnserve is stopped
|
||||
vsftpd (pid 4008) is running...
|
||||
xinetd (pid 2031) is running...
|
||||
zabbix_agentd (pid 2150 2149 2148 2147 2146 2140) is running...
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following command to view only running services in the system.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# service --status-all | grep running
|
||||
|
||||
crond (pid 535) is running...
|
||||
httpd (pid 627) is running...
|
||||
mysqld (pid 911) is running...
|
||||
rndc: neither /etc/rndc.conf nor /etc/rndc.key was found
|
||||
rsyslogd (pid 449) is running...
|
||||
saslauthd (pid 492) is running...
|
||||
sendmail (pid 509) is running...
|
||||
sm-client (pid 519) is running...
|
||||
openssh-daemon (pid 478) is running...
|
||||
xinetd (pid 485) is running...
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following command to view the particular service status.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# service --status-all | grep httpd
|
||||
httpd (pid 627) is running...
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively use the following command to view the particular service status.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# service httpd status
|
||||
|
||||
httpd (pid 627) is running...
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following command to view the list of running services enabled in boot.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# chkconfig --list
|
||||
crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
htcacheclean 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
httpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
ip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
iptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
modules_dep 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
named 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
netconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
netfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
nmb 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
nscd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
portreserve 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
quota_nld 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
rdisc 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
restorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
rsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
saslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
sendmail 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
smb 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
snmpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
snmptrapd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
sshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
udev-post 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
winbind 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
|
||||
xinetd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
|
||||
|
||||
xinetd based services:
|
||||
chargen-dgram: off
|
||||
chargen-stream: off
|
||||
daytime-dgram: off
|
||||
daytime-stream: off
|
||||
discard-dgram: off
|
||||
discard-stream: off
|
||||
echo-dgram: off
|
||||
echo-stream: off
|
||||
finger: off
|
||||
ntalk: off
|
||||
rsync: off
|
||||
talk: off
|
||||
tcpmux-server: off
|
||||
time-dgram: off
|
||||
time-stream: off
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-2: How To Check Running Services In systemd System
|
||||
|
||||
The below command helps us to check and list all running services in “systemd” system.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl
|
||||
|
||||
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
|
||||
sys-devices-virtual-block-loop0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop0
|
||||
sys-devices-virtual-block-loop1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop1
|
||||
sys-devices-virtual-block-loop2.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop2
|
||||
sys-devices-virtual-block-loop3.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop3
|
||||
sys-devices-virtual-block-loop4.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop4
|
||||
sys-devices-virtual-misc-rfkill.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/misc/rfkill
|
||||
sys-devices-virtual-tty-ttyprintk.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/tty/ttyprintk
|
||||
sys-module-fuse.device loaded active plugged /sys/module/fuse
|
||||
sys-subsystem-net-devices-enp0s3.device loaded active plugged 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter)
|
||||
-.mount loaded active mounted Root Mount
|
||||
dev-hugepages.mount loaded active mounted Huge Pages File System
|
||||
dev-mqueue.mount loaded active mounted POSIX Message Queue File System
|
||||
run-user-1000-gvfs.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000/gvfs
|
||||
run-user-1000.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000
|
||||
snap-core-3887.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core
|
||||
snap-core-4017.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core
|
||||
snap-core-4110.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core
|
||||
snap-gping-13.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for gping
|
||||
snap-termius\x2dapp-8.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for termius-app
|
||||
sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount loaded active mounted FUSE Control File System
|
||||
sys-kernel-debug.mount loaded active mounted Debug File System
|
||||
acpid.path loaded active running ACPI Events Check
|
||||
cups.path loaded active running CUPS Scheduler
|
||||
systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path loaded active waiting Forward Password Requests to Plymouth Directory Watch
|
||||
systemd-ask-password-wall.path loaded active waiting Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch
|
||||
init.scope loaded active running System and Service Manager
|
||||
session-c2.scope loaded active running Session c2 of user magi
|
||||
accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service
|
||||
acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon
|
||||
anacron.service loaded active running Run anacron jobs
|
||||
apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server
|
||||
apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization
|
||||
apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation
|
||||
aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon
|
||||
atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor
|
||||
atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon
|
||||
avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack
|
||||
colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles
|
||||
console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap
|
||||
cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon
|
||||
cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally
|
||||
cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler
|
||||
dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus
|
||||
postfix.service loaded active exited Postfix Mail Transport Agent
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* **`UNIT`** Unit describe about the corresponding systemd unit name.
|
||||
* **`LOAD`** This describes whether the corresponding unit currently loaded in memory or not.
|
||||
* **`ACTIVE`** It’s indicate whether the unit is active or not.
|
||||
* **`SUB`** It’s indicate whether the unit is running state or not.
|
||||
* **`DESCRIPTION`** A short description about the unit.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The below option help you to list units based on the type.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl list-units --type service
|
||||
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
|
||||
accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service
|
||||
acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon
|
||||
anacron.service loaded active running Run anacron jobs
|
||||
apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server
|
||||
apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization
|
||||
apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation
|
||||
aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon
|
||||
atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor
|
||||
atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon
|
||||
avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack
|
||||
colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles
|
||||
console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap
|
||||
cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon
|
||||
cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally
|
||||
cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler
|
||||
dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus
|
||||
fwupd.service loaded active running Firmware update daemon
|
||||
[email protected] loaded active running Getty on tty1
|
||||
grub-common.service loaded active exited LSB: Record successful boot for GRUB
|
||||
irqbalance.service loaded active running LSB: daemon to balance interrupts for SMP systems
|
||||
keyboard-setup.service loaded active exited Set the console keyboard layout
|
||||
kmod-static-nodes.service loaded active exited Create list of required static device nodes for the current kernel
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The below option help you to list units based on the state. It’s similar to the above output but straight forward.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl list-unit-files --type service
|
||||
|
||||
UNIT FILE STATE
|
||||
accounts-daemon.service enabled
|
||||
acpid.service disabled
|
||||
alsa-restore.service static
|
||||
alsa-state.service static
|
||||
alsa-utils.service masked
|
||||
anacron-resume.service enabled
|
||||
anacron.service enabled
|
||||
apache-htcacheclean.service disabled
|
||||
[email protected] disabled
|
||||
apache2.service enabled
|
||||
[email protected] disabled
|
||||
apparmor.service enabled
|
||||
[email protected] static
|
||||
apport.service generated
|
||||
apt-daily-upgrade.service static
|
||||
apt-daily.service static
|
||||
aptik-battery-monitor.service generated
|
||||
atop.service enabled
|
||||
atopacct.service enabled
|
||||
[email protected] enabled
|
||||
avahi-daemon.service enabled
|
||||
bluetooth.service enabled
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following command to view the particular service status.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl | grep apache2
|
||||
apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively use the following command to view the particular service status.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl status apache2
|
||||
● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
|
||||
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
|
||||
Drop-In: /lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d
|
||||
└─apache2-systemd.conf
|
||||
Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-03-06 12:34:09 IST; 8min ago
|
||||
Process: 2786 ExecReload=/usr/sbin/apachectl graceful (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
|
||||
Main PID: 1171 (apache2)
|
||||
Tasks: 55 (limit: 4915)
|
||||
CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
|
||||
├─1171 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
||||
├─2790 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
||||
└─2791 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
||||
|
||||
Mar 06 12:34:08 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
|
||||
Mar 06 12:34:09 magi-VirtualBox apachectl[1089]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.0.2.15. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppre
|
||||
Mar 06 12:34:09 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
|
||||
Mar 06 12:39:10 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Reloading The Apache HTTP Server.
|
||||
Mar 06 12:39:10 magi-VirtualBox apachectl[2786]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::7929:4ed1:279f:4d65. Set the 'ServerName' directive gl
|
||||
Mar 06 12:39:10 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Reloaded The Apache HTTP Server.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following command to view only running services in the system.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl | grep running
|
||||
acpid.path loaded active running ACPI Events Check
|
||||
cups.path loaded active running CUPS Scheduler
|
||||
init.scope loaded active running System and Service Manager
|
||||
session-c2.scope loaded active running Session c2 of user magi
|
||||
accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service
|
||||
acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon
|
||||
apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server
|
||||
aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon
|
||||
atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor
|
||||
atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon
|
||||
avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack
|
||||
colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles
|
||||
cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon
|
||||
cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally
|
||||
cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler
|
||||
dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus
|
||||
fwupd.service loaded active running Firmware update daemon
|
||||
[email protected] loaded active running Getty on tty1
|
||||
irqbalance.service loaded active running LSB: daemon to balance interrupts for SMP systems
|
||||
lightdm.service loaded active running Light Display Manager
|
||||
ModemManager.service loaded active running Modem Manager
|
||||
NetworkManager.service loaded active running Network Manager
|
||||
polkit.service loaded active running Authorization Manager
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following command to view the list of running services enabled in boot.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabled
|
||||
acpid.path enabled
|
||||
cups.path enabled
|
||||
accounts-daemon.service enabled
|
||||
anacron-resume.service enabled
|
||||
anacron.service enabled
|
||||
apache2.service enabled
|
||||
apparmor.service enabled
|
||||
atop.service enabled
|
||||
atopacct.service enabled
|
||||
[email protected] enabled
|
||||
avahi-daemon.service enabled
|
||||
bluetooth.service enabled
|
||||
console-setup.service enabled
|
||||
cron.service enabled
|
||||
cups-browsed.service enabled
|
||||
cups.service enabled
|
||||
display-manager.service enabled
|
||||
dns-clean.service enabled
|
||||
friendly-recovery.service enabled
|
||||
[email protected] enabled
|
||||
gpu-manager.service enabled
|
||||
keyboard-setup.service enabled
|
||||
lightdm.service enabled
|
||||
ModemManager.service enabled
|
||||
network-manager.service enabled
|
||||
networking.service enabled
|
||||
NetworkManager-dispatcher.service enabled
|
||||
NetworkManager-wait-online.service enabled
|
||||
NetworkManager.service enabled
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
systemd-cgtop show top control groups by their resource usage such as tasks, CPU, Memory, Input, and Output.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# systemd-cgtop
|
||||
|
||||
Control Group Tasks %CPU Memory Input/s Output/s
|
||||
/ - - 1.5G - -
|
||||
/init.scope 1 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice 153 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/ModemManager.service 3 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/NetworkManager.service 4 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/accounts-daemon.service 3 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/acpid.service 1 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/apache2.service 55 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/aptik-battery-monitor.service 1 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/atop.service 1 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/atopacct.service 1 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/avahi-daemon.service 2 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/colord.service 3 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/cron.service 1 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/cups-browsed.service 3 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/cups.service 2 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/dbus.service 6 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/fwupd.service 5 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/irqbalance.service 1 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/lightdm.service 7 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/polkit.service 3 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/repowerd.service 14 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/rsyslog.service 4 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/rtkit-daemon.service 3 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/snapd.service 8 - - - -
|
||||
/system.slice/system-getty.slice 1 - - - -
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Also we can check the running services using pstree command (Output from SysVinit system).
|
||||
```
|
||||
# pstree
|
||||
init-|-crond
|
||||
|-httpd---2*[httpd]
|
||||
|-kthreadd/99149---khelper/99149
|
||||
|-2*[mingetty]
|
||||
|-mysqld_safe---mysqld---9*[{mysqld}]
|
||||
|-rsyslogd---3*[{rsyslogd}]
|
||||
|-saslauthd---saslauthd
|
||||
|-2*[sendmail]
|
||||
|-sshd---sshd---bash---pstree
|
||||
|-udevd
|
||||
`-xinetd
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Also we can check the running services using pstree command (Output from systemd system).
|
||||
```
|
||||
# pstree
|
||||
systemd─┬─ModemManager─┬─{gdbus}
|
||||
│ └─{gmain}
|
||||
├─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient
|
||||
│ ├─{gdbus}
|
||||
│ └─{gmain}
|
||||
├─accounts-daemon─┬─{gdbus}
|
||||
│ └─{gmain}
|
||||
├─acpid
|
||||
├─agetty
|
||||
├─anacron
|
||||
├─apache2───2*[apache2───26*[{apache2}]]
|
||||
├─aptd───{gmain}
|
||||
├─aptik-battery-m
|
||||
├─atop
|
||||
├─atopacctd
|
||||
├─avahi-daemon───avahi-daemon
|
||||
├─colord─┬─{gdbus}
|
||||
│ └─{gmain}
|
||||
├─cron
|
||||
├─cups-browsed─┬─{gdbus}
|
||||
│ └─{gmain}
|
||||
├─cupsd
|
||||
├─dbus-daemon
|
||||
├─fwupd─┬─{GUsbEventThread}
|
||||
│ ├─{fwupd}
|
||||
│ ├─{gdbus}
|
||||
│ └─{gmain}
|
||||
├─gnome-keyring-d─┬─{gdbus}
|
||||
│ ├─{gmain}
|
||||
│ └─{timer}
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-3: How To Check Running Services In systemd System using chkservice
|
||||
|
||||
chkservice is a new tool for managing systemd units in terminal. It requires super user privileges to manage the units.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# chkservice
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
To view help page, hit `?` button. This will shows you available options to manage the systemd services.
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-all-running-services-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/chkservice-1.png
|
||||
[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/chkservice-2.png
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
|
||||
Most Useful Linux Commands You Can Run in Windows 10
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
In the previous articles of this series, we talked about [getting started with WSL on Windows 10.][1] In the last article of the series, we will talk about some of the widely used Linux commands on Windows 10.
|
||||
|
||||
Before we dive further into the topic, let’s make it clear who this is for. This article is meant for greenhorn developers who use Windows 10 machines but want to learn about Linux as it’s the dominant platform in the cloud, whether it be Azure, AWS, or private cloud. In a nutshell, it’s intended for Windows 10 users who are new to Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
Which commands you need will depend on your own workload. Your mileage may vary from mine. The goal of the article is to get you comfortable with Linux in Windows 10. Also bear in mind that WSL doesn’t provide access to hardware components like sound cards or GPU. Officially. But Linux users never take a no for an answer. Many users have managed to not only gain access to sound cards and GPU, they also managed to run desktop Linux apps on Windows. But that’s not the scope of this article. We may talk about it at some point, but not today.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are a few tasks to get started.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to keep your Linux system up to date
|
||||
|
||||
Since you are running Linux inside of Windows, you are stripped of all the security that Linux systems offer. In addition, if you don’t keep your Linux systems patched, you will expose your Windows machines to those threats. Always keep your Linux machines up to date.
|
||||
|
||||
WSL officially supports openSUSE, SUSE Linux Enterprise and Ubuntu. You can install other distributions as well, but I can get all of my work done with either of these two as all I need is access to some basic Linux utilities.
|
||||
|
||||
**Update openSUSE Leap:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo zypper up
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you want a system upgrade, you can do that after running the above command:
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo zypper dup
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Update Ubuntu machine:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You are safe and secure. Since updates on Linux systems are incremental, I run system updates on a daily basis. It’s mostly a few KB or a few MB of updates without any downtime, unlike Windows 10 updates where you need to reboot your system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Managing files and folders
|
||||
|
||||
Once your system is updated, we can look at some mundane, or not so mundane tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
The second most important task is to manage your local and remote files using Linux. I must admit that as much as I prefer GUI apps, there are certain tasks, where terminal offers more value and reliability. Try moving 1TB of files using the Explorer app. Good luck. I always use the rsync command to transfer the bulk of files. The good news is that with rsync, if you do stop it in the middle, you can resume from where you left off.
|
||||
|
||||
Although you can use cp or mv commands to copy or move files, I prefer rsync as it offers more flexibility over the others and learning it will also help you in transferring files between remote machines. There are three basic tasks that I mostly perform.
|
||||
|
||||
**Copy entire directory using rsync:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
rsync -avzP /source-directory /destination directory
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Move files using rsync:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
rsync --remove-source-files -avzP /source-directory /destination-directory
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This command will delete files from the source directory after successful copying to the destination directory.
|
||||
|
||||
**Sync two directories:**
|
||||
|
||||
I keep a copy of all of my files on more than one location. However, I continue to add and delete files from the primary location. It could become a challenge to keep all other locations synced without using some application dedicated to file sync, rsync simplifies the process. This is the command that you need to keep two directories synced. Keep it mind that it’s a one way sync -- from source to destination.
|
||||
```
|
||||
rsync --delete -avzP /source-directory /destination-directory
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The above commands deletes the file in the destination folder if they are not found in the source folder. In other way it creates a mirror copy of the source directory.
|
||||
|
||||
### Automate file backup
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, keeping up with back up is a mundane task. In order to keep my drives fully synced I add a cron job that runs the rsync command at night to keep all directories synced. I do, however, keep one external drive that is synced manually on a weekly basis. I don’t use the --delete flag as it may delete some files that I might have wanted. I use that flag manually.
|
||||
|
||||
**To create a cron job, open crontab:**
|
||||
```
|
||||
crontab -e
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I run this at night when both systems are idle as moving huge amount of files can slow your system down. The command runs at 1 am every morning. You can change it appropriately:
|
||||
```
|
||||
# 0 1 * * * rsync -avzP /source-directory /destination-directory
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This is the structure for a cron job using crontab:
|
||||
```
|
||||
# m h dom mon dow command
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Here m = minute, h = hour, dom= day of the month, mon= month; dow= day of the week.
|
||||
|
||||
We are running this command at 1 am every day. You could choose to run in a certain day of the week or day of the month (so it will run on the 5th of every month, for example) and so on. You can read more about crontab [here][2].
|
||||
|
||||
### Managing your remote servers
|
||||
|
||||
One of the reasons you are running WSL on your system is that you manage Linux systems on cloud and WSL provides you with native Linux tools. The first thing you need is to remotely log into your Linux server using the ssh command.
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s say my server is 192.168.0.112; the dedicated port is 2018 (never use the default 22 port); the Linux user of that server is swapnil and password is i-wont-tell-you.
|
||||
```
|
||||
ssh -p2018 swapnil@192.168.0.112
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It will ask for the password and, eureka, you are logged into your Linux server. Now you can perform all the tasks that you want to perform as you are literally inside that Linux machine. No need to use puTTY.
|
||||
|
||||
You can easily transfer files between your local machine and remote machine using the rsync command. Instead of source or destination directory, depending on whether you are uploading the files to the server or downloading them to local machine, you can use [username@IP][3]-address-of-server:/path-of-directory.
|
||||
|
||||
So if I want to copy some text files to the home directory of my server, here is the command:
|
||||
```
|
||||
rsync -avzP /source-directory-on-local-machine ‘ssh -p2018’ swapnil@192.168.0.112:/home/swapnil/Documents/
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It will copy all files to the Documents directory of my remote server.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
The idea of this tutorial was to demonstrate that WSL allows you to perform a wide range of Linux-y tasks on your Windows 10 systems. In most cases, it increases productivity and performance. Now, the whole world of Linux is open to you for exploration on your Windows 10 system. Go ahead and explore it. If you have any questions, or if you would like me to cover more areas of WSL, please share your thoughts in the comments below.
|
||||
|
||||
Learn more about the [Administering Linux on Azure (LFS205)][4] course and sign up [here][5].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2018/3/most-useful-linux-commands-you-can-run-windows-10
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[SAPNIL BHARTIYA][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/arnieswap
|
||||
[1]:https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/2018/2/how-get-started-using-wsl-windows-10
|
||||
[2]:http://www.adminschoice.com/crontab-quick-reference
|
||||
[3]:mailto:username@IP
|
||||
[4]:https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/administering-linux-on-azure
|
||||
[5]:http://bit.ly/2FpFtPg
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
|
||||
Host your own email with projectx/os and a Raspberry Pi
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
There are plenty of reasons not to want to hand off the tasks of storing your data and running your services to third-party companies; privacy, ownership, and avoiding abusive "monetization" are some of the top ones. But for most people, the task of running a server is just too time-consuming and requires too much-specialized knowledge. Instead, we compromise. We put aside our worries and just use cloud-hosted corporate services, with all the advertising, data mining and selling, and everything else that comes with them.
|
||||
|
||||
This project aims to eliminate that compromise: [projectx/os][1] makes hosting services at home cheap and nearly as easy as creating a Gmail account. All you need is a $35 Raspberry Pi 3 and a Debian-derived OS image—and very little technical knowledge. There are only four steps:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Unzip a ZIP file onto a Secure Digital memory card.
|
||||
2. Edit a text file on the SD card with your WiFi password (if you're not using wired Ethernet).
|
||||
3. Place the SD card into the slot on the Raspberry Pi 3.
|
||||
4. Use your smartphone to choose a subdomain and install the "email server" app on the Raspberry Pi 3.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Server applications (such as email servers) are broken into multiple containers, which can only communicate with the outside world and each other in declaratively specified ways, using fine-grained isolation to improve security. For example, incoming SMTP, [SpamAssassin][2] (anti-spam platform), [Dovecot][3] (secure IMAP server), and webmail are all separate containers that can't see each other's data, so compromising an individual daemon does not compromise the others.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, stateless containers, such as SpamAssassin and incoming SMTP, can be torn down and recreated after each incoming email, so even if someone finds a bug and exploits it, they can't access previous emails or subsequent emails; they can only access their own exploit email. Fortunately, the services that are most exposed to attack are the easiest to run isolated and stateless.
|
||||
|
||||
All storage is encrypted using [dm-crypt][4]. Non-public services, such as Dovecot (IMAP) or webmail, listen on a private, encrypted overlay network provided by [ZeroTier One][5], so only your devices (phones, laptops, tablets, etc.) can access them.
|
||||
|
||||
While emails aren't encrypted end-to-end (unless you use [PGP][6]), the unencrypted email never crosses a network and is never stored on disk. It is present in plaintext only on the two parties' private mail servers, which are secured in their homes and on their clients (phones, laptops, etc.).
|
||||
|
||||
One other advantage is that personal devices secured with a passcode (not a fingerprint or other biometrics) and devices in your home receive far stronger [Fourth Amendment][7] legal protections in the United States than data on a server in a third-party data center owned by a company that wants to avoid downtime or be seen as uncooperative. Of course, if you email with a Gmail user, for example, Google still gets a copy.
|
||||
|
||||
### Going forward
|
||||
|
||||
Email is the first application I've packaged with projectx/os. Imagine an app store full of server software, packaged up for ease of installation and use. Want a blog? Add a WordPress app! Secure Dropbox replacement? Add a [Seafile][8] app or a [Syncthing][9] backend app. [IPFS][10] node? [Mastodon][11] instance? GitLab server? Various home automation/IoT backend services? There are tons of great open source server software that is as easy to install and use as the proprietary cloud services they replace.
|
||||
|
||||
Nolan Leake will be presenting [A cloud in every home: Host servers at home with 0 sysadmin skills][12] at the [Southern California Linux Expo][12] in Pasadena, March 8-11. To attend and get 50% of your ticket, [register][13] using promo code **OSDC**.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/3/host-your-own-email
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Nolan Leake][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/nolan
|
||||
[1]:https://git.sigbus.net/projectx/os
|
||||
[2]:http://spamassassin.apache.org/
|
||||
[3]:https://www.dovecot.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/DMCrypt
|
||||
[5]:https://www.zerotier.com/download.shtml
|
||||
[6]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy
|
||||
[7]:https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
|
||||
[8]:https://www.seafile.com/en/home/
|
||||
[9]:https://syncthing.net/
|
||||
[10]:https://ipfs.io/
|
||||
[11]:https://github.com/tootsuite/mastodon
|
||||
[12]:https://www.socallinuxexpo.org/scale/16x/presentations/cloud-every-home-host-servers-home-0-sysadmin-skills
|
||||
[13]:https://register.socallinuxexpo.org/reg6/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
|
||||
What Is sosreport? How To Create sosreport
|
||||
======
|
||||
### What Is sosreport
|
||||
|
||||
The sosreport command is a tool that collects bunch of configuration details, system information and diagnostic information from running system (especially RHEL & OEL system).
|
||||
|
||||
It helps technical support engineer to analyze the system in many aspect.
|
||||
|
||||
This reports contains bunch of information about the system such as boot information, filesystem, memory, hostname, installed rpms, system IP, networking details, OS version, installed kernel, loaded kernel modules, list of open files, list of PCI devices, mount point and it’s details, running process information, process tree output, system routing, all the configuration files which is located in /etc folder, and all the log files which is located in /var folder.
|
||||
|
||||
This will take a while to generate a report and it’s depends on your system installation and configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
Once completed, sosreport will generate a compressed archive file under /tmp directory.
|
||||
|
||||
We have to provide the sosreport to RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) & OEL (Oracle Enterprise Linux) technical support engineer whenever we raise a case with them for initial analyze. This helps support engineer to verify if anything is wrong on the system.
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Install sosreport
|
||||
|
||||
sosreport installation is not a big deal, just run the following command to install it.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum install sos
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Generate sosreport
|
||||
|
||||
Also generating sosreport is not a big deal so, just run the sosreport command without any options.
|
||||
|
||||
By default it doesn’t shows much information while generating sosreport and only display how many reports are generated. If you want to see detailed information just add `-v` option while generating the sosreport.
|
||||
|
||||
It will ask you to enter your name and the support case information.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# sosreport
|
||||
|
||||
sosreport (version 3.2)
|
||||
|
||||
This command will collect diagnostic and configuration information from this Oracle Linux system and installed applications.
|
||||
|
||||
An archive containing the collected information will be generated in /tmp/sos.3pt1yJ and may be provided to a Oracle USA support representative.
|
||||
|
||||
Any information provided to Oracle USA will be treated in accordance with the published support policies at:
|
||||
|
||||
http://linux.oracle.com/
|
||||
|
||||
The generated archive may contain data considered sensitive and its content should be reviewed by the originating organization before being passed to any third party.
|
||||
|
||||
No changes will be made to system configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
Press ENTER to continue, or CTRL-C to quit.
|
||||
|
||||
Please enter your first initial and last name [oracle.2daygeek.com]: 2daygeek
|
||||
Please enter the case id that you are generating this report for []: 3-16619296812
|
||||
|
||||
Setting up archive ...
|
||||
Setting up plugins ...
|
||||
dbname must be supplied to dump a database.
|
||||
Running plugins. Please wait ...
|
||||
|
||||
Running 86/86: yum...
|
||||
[plugin:kvm] could not unmount /sys/kernel/debug
|
||||
Creating compressed archive...
|
||||
|
||||
Your sosreport has been generated and saved in:
|
||||
|
||||
/tmp/sosreport-2daygeek.3-16619296812-20180307124921.tar.xz
|
||||
|
||||
The checksum is: 4e80226ae175bm185c0o2d7u2yoac52o
|
||||
|
||||
Please send this file to your support representative.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### What Are The Details There In The Archive File
|
||||
|
||||
I’m just curious, what kind of details are there in the archive file. To understand this, i gonna extract a archive file on my system.
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following command to extract an archive file.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# tar -xf /tmp/sosreport-2daygeek.3-16619296812-20180307124921.tar.xz
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To see what are the information captured by sosreport, go to file extracted directory.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# ls -lh sosreport-2daygeek.3-16619296812-20180307124921
|
||||
|
||||
total 60K
|
||||
dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Sep 30 10:56 boot
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 37 Oct 20 07:25 chkconfig -> sos_commands/startup/chkconfig_--list
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Oct 20 07:25 date -> sos_commands/general/date
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Oct 20 07:25 df -> sos_commands/filesys/df_-al
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 Oct 20 07:25 dmidecode -> sos_commands/hardware/dmidecode
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 43 root root 4.0K Oct 20 07:21 etc
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Oct 20 07:25 free -> sos_commands/memory/free
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Oct 20 07:25 hostname -> sos_commands/general/hostname
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 130 Oct 20 07:25 installed-rpms -> sos_commands/rpm/sh_-c_rpm_--nodigest_-qa_--qf_NAME_-_VERSION_-_RELEASE_._ARCH_INSTALLTIME_date_awk_-F_printf_-59s_s_n_1_2_sort_-f
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 Oct 20 07:25 ip_addr -> sos_commands/networking/ip_-o_addr
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 45 Oct 20 07:25 java -> sos_commands/java/alternatives_--display_java
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Sep 30 10:56 lib
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 35 Oct 20 07:25 lsb-release -> sos_commands/lsbrelease/lsb_release
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Oct 20 07:25 lsmod -> sos_commands/kernel/lsmod
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 Oct 20 07:25 lsof -> sos_commands/process/lsof_-b_M_-n_-l
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Oct 20 07:25 lspci -> sos_commands/pci/lspci
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Oct 20 07:25 mount -> sos_commands/filesys/mount_-l
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Oct 20 07:25 netstat -> sos_commands/networking/netstat_-neopa
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Oct 19 16:16 opt
|
||||
dr-xr-xr-x 10 root root 4.0K Jun 23 2017 proc
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 Oct 20 07:25 ps -> sos_commands/process/ps_auxwww
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Oct 20 07:25 pstree -> sos_commands/process/pstree
|
||||
dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4.0K Oct 17 12:09 root
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Oct 20 07:25 route -> sos_commands/networking/route_-n
|
||||
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Sep 30 10:55 sbin
|
||||
drwx------ 54 root root 4.0K Oct 20 07:21 sos_commands
|
||||
drwx------ 2 root root 4.0K Oct 20 07:21 sos_logs
|
||||
drwx------ 2 root root 4.0K Oct 20 07:21 sos_reports
|
||||
dr-xr-xr-x 6 root root 4.0K Jun 23 2017 sys
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Oct 20 07:25 uname -> sos_commands/kernel/uname_-a
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Oct 20 07:25 uptime -> sos_commands/general/uptime
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4.0K Sep 25 2014 var
|
||||
-rw------- 1 root root 1.7K Oct 20 07:21 version.txt
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 62 Oct 20 07:25 vgdisplay -> sos_commands/lvm2/vgdisplay_-vv_--config_global_locking_type_0
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To double confirm what exactly sosreport captured, i’m gonna to see uname output file which was captured by sosreport.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# more uname_-a
|
||||
Linux oracle.2daygeek.com 2.6.32-042stab127.2 #1 SMP Thu Jan 4 16:41:44 MSK 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Additional Options
|
||||
|
||||
Visit help page to view all available options for sosreport.
|
||||
```
|
||||
# sosreport --help
|
||||
Usage: sosreport [options]
|
||||
|
||||
Options:
|
||||
-h, --help show this help message and exit
|
||||
-l, --list-plugins list plugins and available plugin options
|
||||
-n NOPLUGINS, --skip-plugins=NOPLUGINS
|
||||
disable these plugins
|
||||
-e ENABLEPLUGINS, --enable-plugins=ENABLEPLUGINS
|
||||
enable these plugins
|
||||
-o ONLYPLUGINS, --only-plugins=ONLYPLUGINS
|
||||
enable these plugins only
|
||||
-k PLUGOPTS, --plugin-option=PLUGOPTS
|
||||
plugin options in plugname.option=value format (see
|
||||
-l)
|
||||
--log-size=LOG_SIZE set a limit on the size of collected logs
|
||||
-a, --alloptions enable all options for loaded plugins
|
||||
--all-logs collect all available logs regardless of size
|
||||
--batch batch mode - do not prompt interactively
|
||||
--build preserve the temporary directory and do not package
|
||||
results
|
||||
-v, --verbose increase verbosity
|
||||
--verify perform data verification during collection
|
||||
--quiet only print fatal errors
|
||||
--debug enable interactive debugging using the python debugger
|
||||
--ticket-number=CASE_ID
|
||||
specify ticket number
|
||||
--case-id=CASE_ID specify case identifier
|
||||
-p PROFILES, --profile=PROFILES
|
||||
enable plugins selected by the given profiles
|
||||
--list-profiles
|
||||
--name=CUSTOMER_NAME specify report name
|
||||
--config-file=CONFIG_FILE
|
||||
specify alternate configuration file
|
||||
--tmp-dir=TMP_DIR specify alternate temporary directory
|
||||
--no-report Disable HTML/XML reporting
|
||||
-z COMPRESSION_TYPE, --compression-type=COMPRESSION_TYPE
|
||||
compression technology to use [auto, gzip, bzip2, xz]
|
||||
(default=auto)
|
||||
|
||||
Some examples:
|
||||
|
||||
enable cluster plugin only and collect dlm lockdumps:
|
||||
# sosreport -o cluster -k cluster.lockdump
|
||||
|
||||
disable memory and samba plugins, turn off rpm -Va collection:
|
||||
# sosreport -n memory,samba -k rpm.rpmva=off
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-create-collect-sosreport-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||
@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
|
||||
搭建私有云：OwnCloud
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
所有人都在讨论云。尽管市面上有很多为我们提供云存储和其他云服务的主要的服务商，但是我们还是可以为自己搭建一个私有云。
|
||||
|
||||
在本教程中，我们将讨论如何利用 OwnCloud 搭建私有云。OwnCloude 是一个可以安装在我们 Linux 设备上的 web 应用程序，能够存储和服务我们的数据。OwnCloude 可以分享日历、联系人和书签，共享音/视频流等等。
|
||||
|
||||
本教程中，我们使用的是 CentOS 7 系统，但是本教程同样适用于其他 Linux 发行版中安装 OwnClude。让我们开始安装 OwnCloude 并且做一些准备工作，
|
||||
|
||||
**(推荐阅读：[如何在 CentOS & RHEL 上使用 Apache 作为反向代理服务器][1])**
|
||||
|
||||
**（同时推荐：[实时 Linux 服务器监测和 GLANCES 监测工具][2]）**
|
||||
|
||||
### 预备知识
|
||||
|
||||
* 我们需要在机器上配置 LAMP。参照阅读我们的文章‘[CentOS/RHEL 上配置 LAMP 服务器最简单的教程][3] & [在 Ubuntu 搭建 LAMP stack][4]’。
|
||||
|
||||
* 我们需要在自己的设备里安装这些包，‘ php-mysql php-json php-xml php-mbstring php-zip php-gd curl php-curl php-pdo’。使用包管理器安装它们。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo yum install php-mysql php-json php-xml php-mbstring php-zip php-gd curl php-curl php-pdo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装
|
||||
|
||||
安装 owncloud，我们现在需要在服务器上下载 ownCloud 安装包。使用下面的命令从官方网站下载最新的安装包（10.0.4-1），
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ wget https://download.owncloud.org/community/owncloud-10.0.4.tar.bz2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用下面的命令解压，
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ tar -xvf owncloud-10.0.4.tar.bz2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在，将所有解压后的文件移动至‘/var/www/html’
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ mv owncloud/* /var/www/html
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下一步，我们需要在 apache 上配置 ‘httpd.conf’文件
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.com
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
同时更改下面的选项，
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
AllowOverride All
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在 owncloud 文件夹下保存和修改文件权限，
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html/
|
||||
$ sudo chmod 777 /var/www/html/config/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然后重启 apache 服务器执行修改，
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在，我们需要在 MariaDB 上创建一个数据库，保存来自 owncould 的数据。使用下面的命令创建数据库和数据库用户，
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ mysql -u root -p
|
||||
MariaDB [(none)] > create database owncloud;
|
||||
MariaDB [(none)] > GRANT ALL ON owncloud.* TO ocuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'owncloud';
|
||||
MariaDB [(none)] > flush privileges;
|
||||
MariaDB [(none)] > exit
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
服务器配置部分完成后，现在我们可以在网页浏览器上访问 owncloud。打开浏览器，输入您的服务器 IP 地址，我这边的服务器是 10.20.30.100，
|
||||
|
||||
![安装 owncloud][7]
|
||||
|
||||
一旦 URL 加载完毕，我们将呈现上述页面。这里，我们将创建管理员用户同时提供数据库信息。当所有信息提供完毕，点击‘Finish setup’。
|
||||
|
||||
我们将被重定向到登陆页面，在这里，我们需要输入先前创建的凭据，
|
||||
|
||||
![安装 owncloud][9]
|
||||
|
||||
认证成功之后，我们将进入 owncloud 面板，
|
||||
|
||||
![安装 owncloud][11]
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以使用移动设备应用程序，同样也可以使用网页界面更新我们的数据。现在，我们已经有自己的私有云了，同时，关于如何安装 owncloud 创建私有云的教程也进入尾声。请在评论区留下自己的问题或建议。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linuxtechlab.com/create-personal-cloud-install-owncloud/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[SHUSAIN][a]
|
||||
译者：[CYLeft](https://github.com/CYLeft)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linuxtechlab.com/author/shsuain/
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxtechlab.com/apache-as-reverse-proxy-centos-rhel/
|
||||
[2]:http://linuxtechlab.com/linux-server-glances-monitoring-tool/
|
||||
[3]:http://linuxtechlab.com/easiest-guide-creating-lamp-server/
|
||||
[4]:http://linuxtechlab.com/install-lamp-stack-on-ubuntu/
|
||||
[6]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif?resize=400%2C647
|
||||
[7]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/owncloud1-compressor.jpg?resize=400%2C647
|
||||
[8]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif?resize=876%2C541
|
||||
[9]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/owncloud2-compressor1.jpg?resize=876%2C541
|
||||
[10]:https://i1.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/plugins/a3-lazy-load/assets/images/lazy_placeholder.gif?resize=981%2C474
|
||||
[11]:https://i0.wp.com/linuxtechlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/owncloud3-compressor1.jpg?resize=981%2C474
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
|
||||
如何在使用 vim 时访问/查看 Python 帮助
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
我是一名新的 Vim 编辑器用户。我用它编写 Python 代码。有没有办法在 vim 中查看 Python 文档而无需访问互联网？假设我的光标在 Python 的 print 关键字下，然后按下 F1。我想查看关键字 print 的帮助。如何在 vim 中显示 python help() ？如何在不离开 vim 的情况下调用 pydoc3/pydoc 寻求帮助？
|
||||
|
||||
pydoc 或 pydoc3 命令显示关于 Python 关键字、主题、函数、模块或包的名称的文本文档，或在模块内或包中的模块对类或函数的引用。你可以从 vim 中调用 pydoc。让我们看看如何在 vim 编辑器中使用 pydoc 访问 Python 文档。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 pydoc 访问 python 帮助
|
||||
|
||||
语法是：
|
||||
```
|
||||
pydoc keyword
|
||||
pydoc3 keyword
|
||||
pydoc len
|
||||
pydoc print
|
||||
```
|
||||
编辑你的 ~/ .vimrc：
|
||||
`$ vim ~/.vimrc`
|
||||
为 pydoc3 添加以下配置（python v3.x 文档）。在正常模式下创建 H 键的映射：
|
||||
```
|
||||
nnoremap <buffer> H :<C-u>execute "!pydoc3 " . expand("<cword>")<CR>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
保存并关闭文件。打开 vim 编辑器：
|
||||
`$ vim file.py`
|
||||
写一些代码：
|
||||
```
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/python3
|
||||
x=5
|
||||
y=10
|
||||
z=x+y
|
||||
print(z)
|
||||
print("Hello world")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
将光标置于 Python 关键字 print 的下方，然后按下 Shift，然后按 H。你将看到下面的输出：
|
||||
|
||||
[![Access Python Help Within Vim][1]][1]
|
||||
Gif.01：按 H 查看 Python 关键字 print 的帮助
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在使用 vim 时查看 python 帮助
|
||||
|
||||
[jedi-vim][2] 是一个绑定到自动补全库 Jed 的 vim。它可以做很多事情，包括当你按下 Shift 后跟 K 即按大写 K 就显示关键字的帮助。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 如何在 Linux 或类 Unix 系统上安装 jedi-vim
|
||||
|
||||
使用 [pathogen][3]、[vim-plug][4] 或 [Vundle][5] 安装 jedi-vim。我使用的是 vim-plug。在 ~/vimrc 中添加以下行：
|
||||
`Plug 'davidhalter/jedi-vim'`
|
||||
保存并关闭文件。启动 vim 并输入：
|
||||
`PlugInstall`
|
||||
在 Arch Linux 上，你还可以使用 pacman 命令从官方仓库中的 vim-jedi 安装 jedi-vim：
|
||||
`$ sudo pacman -S vim-jedi`
|
||||
它也可以在 Debian（?8）和 Ubuntu（?14.04）上使用 [apt-get command][6]/[apt-get command][7] 安装 vim-python-jedi：
|
||||
`$ sudo apt install vim-python-jedi`
|
||||
在 Fedora Linux 上，它可以用 dnf 安装 vim-jedi：
|
||||
`$ sudo dnf install vim-jedi`
|
||||
Jedi 默认是自动初始化的。所以你不需要进一步的配置。要查看 Documentation/Pydoc，请按K。它将弹出帮助窗口：
|
||||
[![How to view python help when using vim][8]][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### 关于作者
|
||||
|
||||
作者是 nixCraft 的创建者，也是经验丰富的系统管理员和 Linux 操作系统/Unix shell 脚本的培训师。他曾与全球客户以及 IT、教育、国防和太空研究以及非营利部门等多个行业合作。在 [Twitter][9]、[Facebook][10]、[Google +][11] 上关注他。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-access-view-python-help-when-using-vim/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
|
||||
[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2018/01/Access-Python-Help-Within-Vim.gif
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/davidhalter/jedi-vim
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen
|
||||
[4]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/programming/vim-plug-a-beautiful-and-minimalist-vim-plugin-manager-for-unix-and-linux-users/
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/gmarik/vundle
|
||||
[6]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-lts-debian-linux-apt-command-examples/ (See Linux/Unix apt command examples for more info)
|
||||
[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html (See Linux/Unix apt-get command examples for more info)
|
||||
[8]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2018/01/How-to-view-Python-Documentation-using-pydoc-within-vim-on-Linux-Unix.jpg
|
||||
[9]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft
|
||||
[10]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft
|
||||
[11]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user