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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Running LEDs in reverse could cool computers)
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3386876/running-leds-in-reverse-could-cool-computers.html#tk.rss_all)
[#]: author: (Patrick Nelson https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/)
Running LEDs in reverse could cool computers
======
### The miniaturization of electronics is reaching its limits in part because of heat management. Many are now aggressively trying to solve the problem. A kind of reverse-running LED is one avenue being explored.
![monsitj / Getty Images][1]
The quest to find more efficient methods for cooling computers is almost as high on scientists’ agendas as the desire to discover better battery chemistries.
More cooling is crucial for reducing costs. It would also allow for more powerful processing to take place in smaller spaces, where limited processing should be crunching numbers instead of making wasteful heat. It would stop heat-caused breakdowns, thereby creating longevity in components, and it would promote eco-friendly data centers — less heat means less impact on the environment.
Removing heat from microprocessors is one angle scientists have been exploring, and they think they have come up with a simple, but unusual and counter-intuitive solution. They say that running a variant of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) with its electrodes reversed forces the component to act as if it were at an unusually low temperature. Placing it next to warmer electronics, then, with a nanoscale gap introduced, causes the LED to suck out the heat.
**[ Read also:[IDC’s top 10 data center predictions][2] | Get regularly scheduled insights: [Sign up for Network World newsletters][3] ]**
“Once the LED is reverse biased, it began acting as a very low temperature object, absorbing photons,” says Edgar Meyhofer, professor of mechanical engineering at University of Michigan, in a [press release][4] announcing the breakthrough. “At the same time, the gap prevents heat from traveling back, resulting in a cooling effect.”
The researchers say the LED and the adjacent electrical device (in this case a calorimeter, usually used for measuring heat energy) have to be extremely close. They say they’ve been able to demonstrate cooling of six watts per meter-squared. That’s about the power of sunshine on the earth’s surface, they explain.
Internet of things (IoT) devices and smartphones could be among those electronics that would ultimately benefit from the LED modification. Both kinds of devices require increasing computing power to be squashed into smaller spaces.
“Removing the heat from the microprocessor is beginning to limit how much power can be squeezed into a given space,” the University of Michigan announcement says.
### Materials Science and cooling computers
[I’ve written before about new forms of computer cooling][5]. Exotic materials, derived from Materials Science, are among ideas being explored. Sodium bismuthide (Na3Bi) could be used in transistor design, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory says. The new substance carries a charge and is importantly tunable; however, it doesn’t need to be chilled as superconductors currently do.
In fact, that’s a problem with superconductors. They unfortunately need more cooling than most electronics — electrical resistance with the technology is expelled through extreme cooling.
Separately, [researchers in Germany at the University of Konstanz][6] say they soon will have superconductor-driven computers without waste heat. They plan to use electron spin — a new physical dimension in electrons that could create efficiency gains. The method “significantly reduces the energy consumption of computing centers,” the university said in a press release last year.
Another way to reduce heat could be [to replace traditional heatsinks with spirals and mazes][7] embedded on microprocessors. Miniscule channels printed on the chip itself could provide paths for coolant to travel, again separately, scientists from Binghamton University say.
“The miniaturization of the semiconductor technology is approaching its physical limits,” the University of Konstanz says. Heat management is very much on scientists’ agenda now. It’s “one of the big challenges in miniaturization."
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][8] and [LinkedIn][9] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3386876/running-leds-in-reverse-could-cool-computers.html#tk.rss_all
作者：[Patrick Nelson][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/02/big_data_center_server_racks_storage_binary_analytics_by_monsitj_gettyimages-944444446_3x2-100787357-large.jpg
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3242807/data-center/top-10-data-center-predictions-idc.html#nww-fsb
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html#nww-fsb
[4]: https://news.umich.edu/running-an-led-in-reverse-could-cool-future-computers/
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3326831/computers-could-soon-run-cold-no-heat-generated.html
[6]: https://www.uni-konstanz.de/en/university/news-and-media/current-announcements/news/news-in-detail/Supercomputer-ohne-Abwaerme/
[7]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3322956/chip-cooling-breakthrough-will-reduce-data-center-power-costs.html
[8]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[9]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Running LEDs in reverse could cool computers)
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3386876/running-leds-in-reverse-could-cool-computers.html#tk.rss_all)
[#]: author: (Patrick Nelson https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/)
反向运行 LED 能够冷却计算机
======
> 电子产品的小型化正在触及其极限，部分原因在于热量管理。许多人现在都在积极地尝试解决这个问题。其中一种正在探索的途径是反向运行的 LED。
![monsitj / Getty Images][1]
寻找更有效的冷却计算机的方法，几乎与渴望发现更好的电池化学成分一样，在科学家的研究日程中也处于重要位置。
更多的冷却手段对于降低成本至关重要。冷却技术也使得在较小的空间中可以进行更强大的处理，其有限的处理能力应该是进行计算而不是浪费热量。冷却技术可以阻止热量引起的故障，从而延长部件的使用寿命，并且可以促进环保的数据中心 —— 更少的热量意味着对环境的影响更小。
如何从微处理器中消除热量是科学家们一直在探索的一个方向，他们认为他们已经提出了一个简单而不寻常、且反直觉的解决方案。他们说可以运行一个发光二极管（LED）的变体，其电极反转可以迫使该元件表现得像处于异常低温下工作一样。如果将其置于较热的电子设备旁边，然后引入纳米级间隙，可以使 LED 吸收热量。
“一旦 LED 反向偏置，它就会像一个非常低温的物体一样，吸收光子，”密歇根大学机械工程教授埃德加·梅霍夫在宣布了这一突破的[新闻稿][4]中说。 “与此同时，该间隙可防止热量返回，从而产生冷却效果。”
研究人员表示，LED 和相邻的电子设备（在这种情况下是热量计，通常用于测量热能）必须非常接近。他们说他们已经能够证明达到了每平方米 6 瓦的冷却功率。他们解释说，这是差不多是地球表面所接受到的阳光的能量。
物联网（IoT）设备和智能手机可能是最终将受益于这种 LED 改造的电子产品。这两种设备都需要在更小的空间中容纳更多的计算功率。
“从微处理器中可以移除的热量开始限制在给定空间内容纳的功率，”密歇根大学的公告说。
### 材料科学和冷却计算机
[我之前写过关于新形式的计算机冷却的文章][5]。源自材料科学的外来材料是正在探索的想法之一。美国能源部劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室表示，钠铋（Na3Bi）可用于晶体管设计。这种新物质带电荷，重要的是具有可调节性；但是，它不需要像超导体那样进行冷却。
事实上，这是超导体的一个问题。不幸的是，它们比大多数电子设备需要更多的冷却 —— 通过极端冷却消除电阻。
另外，[康斯坦茨大学的德国研究人员][6]表示他们很快将拥有超导体驱动的计算机，没有废热。他们计划使用电子自旋 —— 一种新的电子物理维度，可以提高效率。该大学去年在一份新闻稿中表示，这种方法“显著降低了计算中心的能耗”。
另一种减少热量的方法可能是用嵌入在微处理器上的[螺旋和回路来取代传统的散热器][7]。宾汉姆顿大学的科学家们表示，印在芯片上的微小通道可以为冷却剂提供单独的通道。
康斯坦茨大学说：“半导体技术的小型化正在接近其物理极限。”热管理现在被科学家提上了议事日程。这是“小型化的一大挑战”。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3386876/running-leds-in-reverse-could-cool-computers.html#tk.rss_all
作者：[Patrick Nelson][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/02/big_data_center_server_racks_storage_binary_analytics_by_monsitj_gettyimages-944444446_3x2-100787357-large.jpg
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3242807/data-center/top-10-data-center-predictions-idc.html#nww-fsb
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html#nww-fsb
[4]: https://news.umich.edu/running-an-led-in-reverse-could-cool-future-computers/
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3326831/computers-could-soon-run-cold-no-heat-generated.html
[6]: https://www.uni-konstanz.de/en/university/news-and-media/current-announcements/news/news-in-detail/Supercomputer-ohne-Abwaerme/
[7]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3322956/chip-cooling-breakthrough-will-reduce-data-center-power-costs.html
[8]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[9]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world