diff --git a/published/20230313.2 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 4 Things To Do After Installing NixOS.md b/published/20230313.2 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 4 Things To Do After Installing NixOS.md
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+[#]: subject: "NixOS Series #4: Things To Do After Installing NixOS"
+[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-nixos/"
+[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
+[#]: collector: "lkxed"
+[#]: translator: "wxy"
+[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
+[#]: publisher: "wxy"
+[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15663-1.html"
+
+NixOS 系列 #4：安装 NixOS 后要做的事
+======
+
+![][0]
+
+安装之后，你会发现 NixOS 与通用的 Linux 发行版有很大的不同。
+
+当然，作为 [高级 Linux 发行版][1]之一，大多数新用户对它并不熟悉。
+
+如果你不知道 [为什么你应该使用 NixOS][2]，并且出于好奇而尝试它，那么在继续进行之前，知道它是为谁准备的至关重要。
+
+虽然我假设你已经安装了这个发行版，但如果你是第一次使用，我建议先 [在虚拟机上安装 NixOS][3]。
+
+### 1、更新软件包
+
+即使你使用最新的 ISO 进行安装，也总是会有更新的。那么为什么不从更新软件包开始呢？
+
+要升级软件包，首先，你必须在添加的频道中检查是否有更新：
+
+```
+nix-channel --update
+```
+
+然后，使用下面的命令来安装这些更新（如果有的话）：
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
+```
+
+这就行了！它将处理其余的事情。
+
+### 2、在 NixOS 中改变主机名
+
+如果你尝试用传统的方法 [改变主机名][4]（使用 `hostnamectl` 命令），会出现以下错误：
+
+![在 NixOS 中改变主机名的错误][5] 
+
+在 NixOS 中，你可以用它的主配置文件轻松地改变主机名。使用如下命令：
+
+```
+sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
+```
+
+在这个配置文件中，寻找以下一行：
+
+```
+networking.hostName = "nixos"；
+```
+
+然后把它改成：
+
+```
+networking.hostName = "Your_Hostname"；
+```
+
+例如，我把我的主机名改为 `itsFOSS`：
+
+```
+networking.hostName = "itsFOSS"；
+```
+
+![在 NixOS 中改变主机名][6]
+
+现在，[保存更改并退出 nano][7] 文本编辑器。
+
+为了使你对主机名的修改生效，执行以下命令：
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+最后，重新打开终端，主机名的变化应该反映出来。
+
+### 3、设置 Flatpak
+
+我知道你可能在想什么。Nix 软件包管理器已经提供了大量的软件包。那么，为什么你需要 Flatpak 呢？
+
+安装你所需要的东西对于第一次使用的人来说可能有点费时。所以，Flatpak 应该能给你带来方便。
+
+[设置 Flatpak][8] 与你在 Ubuntu 上做的不一样。
+
+要设置 Flatpak，你必须对 `configuration.nix` 文件进行修改，可以通过以下方式访问该文件：
+
+```
+sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
+```
+
+[在 nano 中移动到最后一行][9]，在 `}` 前添加以下一行：
+
+```
+services.flatpak.enable = true；
+```
+
+![在 NixOS 上设置 Flatpak][10]
+
+按 `Ctrl + O` 保存更改，按回车键，按 `Ctrl + X` 退出。
+
+接下来，使用以下命令重建并切换到新的配置文件：
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+最后，使用下面的命令将 Flathub 软件库添加到系统中：
+
+```
+flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
+```
+
+想知道到底什么是 Flatpak 包吗？你可以参考我们关于它的文章：
+
+> **[什么是 Flatpak？你需要知道的关于这个通用包装系统的一切重要信息][23]**
+
+### 4、启用垃圾收集
+
+NixOS 以其不可改变性而闻名，这是有充分理由的。
+
+每当你升级一个软件包时，旧的软件包不会被删除。只是指向旧包的符号链接将被指向最新的版本。
+
+而这样做，你的系统中会积累下不必要的垃圾。
+
+但是，删除每一个旧世代将违背 NixOS 的初衷。
+
+所以，在这种情况下，你可以将你的系统配置为每周删除垃圾包。
+
+要做到这一点，首先，打开 NixOS 配置文件：
+
+```
+sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
+```
+
+并在配置文件末尾的 `}` 前添加以下一行：
+
+```
+# Automatic Garbage Collection
+nix.gc = {
+                automatic = true;
+                dates = "weekly";
+                options = "--delete-older-than 7d";
+        };
+```
+
+![在 NixOS 中启用自动垃圾收集][11]
+
+保存修改并退出 nano 文本编辑器。
+
+为了激活垃圾收集，重建并切换到新的配置文件：
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+如果你不确定垃圾收集器是否在后台正常运行，你可以用以下命令列出活动的计时器：
+
+```
+systemctl list-timers
+```
+
+![][12]
+
+正如你所看到的，Nix 垃圾收集器正在如期运行，并显示距离下次清理还有 5 天。
+
+### 5、安装你喜欢的软件
+
+我是说这是我们使用电脑的唯一原因 —— “为了使用我们最喜欢的软件”，如果还不是，我们就把它变成现实！
+
+寻找软件包的最好地方是 [Nix 软件包搜索][13]，可以使用你喜欢的任何浏览器访问。
+
+- 搜索软件包
+- 选择软件包
+- 点击 “nix-env” 并复制给定的 NixOS 的命令
+- 执行该命令，就可以了
+
+你可以查看我们的 [NixOS 软件包管理][14] 指南，了解所有的细节。
+
+让我在这里给你一个简单的回顾。例如，在这里，我想安装 Librewolf，所以我采用了以下方法：
+
+![搜索 NixOS 的软件包][15]
+
+**但如果你想安装 SSH 或 Plex 等服务，上述方法就不能用了**。
+
+为此，你得查看位于页面顶部的 “<ruby>NixOS 选项<rt>NixOS options</rt></ruby>”。
+
+因此，假设我想安装 OpenSSH，那么我必须按照给定的步骤进行：
+
+- 进入 “NixOS 选项”。
+- 搜索服务的名称
+- 获取服务的名称并将其粘贴到 `configuration.nix` 中，将其值改为 `true`。
+
+![搜索 NixOS 的服务][16]
+
+```
+services.openssh.enable = true
+```
+
+![在 NixOS 上启用 OpenSSH][17]
+
+在配置文件中加入这一行后，重建服务：
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+### 6、在 NixOS 中启用自动更新（可选）
+
+一些用户喜欢启用自动更新功能，而另一些用户则可以在他们方便的时候更新软件包。
+
+所以这完全取决于你。
+
+**要启用自动更新**，首先打开 `configuration.nix` 文件：
+
+```
+sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
+```
+
+接下来，在配置文件的末尾，在 `}` 之前添加以下一行：
+
+```
+# Auto system update
+system.autoUpgrade = {
+      enable = true；
+};
+```
+
+![在 NixOS 中启用自动系统更新][18]
+
+保存修改并退出 nano。
+
+要启用自动更新，你必须用以下方法重建并切换到该文件：
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+你也可以用下面的命令检查 NixOS 的升级定时器：
+
+```
+systemctl list-timers
+```
+
+![NixOS 的自动升级定时器][19]
+
+正如你所看到的，`nixos-upgrade.service` 正在后台如期运行！
+
+### 7、减少交换度
+
+如果你正在利用交换分区，你可能想减少交换度。
+
+交换度只不过是你想要多积极地使用交换分区（或内存）的数值，其范围从 0 到 100。
+
+交换度越小，你的系统就会越多地使用物理内存（RAM），而交换分区只不过是你的存储驱动器的一部分而已。
+
+另外，存储驱动器的速度相对比内存慢，所以如果可能的话，你应该减少交换度。
+
+要检查你的系统的默认交换度，请使用以下方法：
+
+```
+cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
+```
+
+![检查 Linux 系统的交换度][20]
+
+而对于大多数 Linux 发行版，它被设置为 `60`。
+
+我建议你把这个值降低到 `10`。
+
+要做到这一点，首先，用以下命令打开配置文件：
+
+```
+sudo nano /etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix
+```
+
+并在 `}` 之前的行末添加以下一行：
+
+```
+boot.kernel.sysctl = { "vm.swappiness" = 10;}；
+```
+
+![减少 NixOS 中的交换度][21]
+
+保存修改并退出文本编辑器。
+
+现在，重建配置并使用下面的方法切换到它：
+
+```
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch
+```
+
+现在，你可以再次检查交换度，它应该反映出变化：
+
+```
+cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
+```
+
+![减少 NixOS 中的交换度][22]
+
+就这些了。
+
+### 总结
+
+如果你在第一次安装 NixOS 后马上遵循这些要点，你应该得到一个良好的用户体验。
+
+当然，根据你的要求，还可以有一些其他的东西。但是，我认为上面提到的事情是最基本或最常见的事情。
+
+在本系列的下一部分，我将讨论在 NixOS 上设置家庭管理器，这对有多个用户的系统应该是有帮助的。
+
+💬 安装NixOS后，你首先做什么？让我知道你的想法。
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-nixos/
+
+作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
+选题：[lkxed][b]
+译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
+校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
+[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
+[1]: https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/
+[2]: https://linux.cn/article-15606-1.html
+[3]: https://linux.cn/article-15624-1.html
+[4]: https://itsfoss.com/change-hostname-ubuntu/
+[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/error-changing-hostname-in-nixos.png
+[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/change-hostname-in-NixOS.png
+[7]: https://linuxhandbook.com/nano-save-exit/?ref=its-foss
+[8]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
+[9]: https://linuxhandbook.com/beginning-end-file-nano/?ref=its-foss
+[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/setup-flatpak-on-nixos.png
+[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/enable-automatic-garbage-collection-in-NixOS.png
+[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/list-active-timers-in-nixos.png
+[13]: https://search.nixos.org/packages?ref=its-foss
+[14]: https://linux.cn/article-15645-1.html
+[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/search-packages-for-nixos.png
+[16]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Search-the-service-for-nixos.png
+[17]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/enable-openssh-on-nixos.png
+[18]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/enable-auto-system-update-in-nixos.png
+[19]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/auto-upgrade-timer-in-nixos.png
+[20]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/check-swapiness-of-linux-system.png
+[21]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/reduce-swapiness-in-nixos.png
+[22]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/reduce-swapiness-in-NixOS.png
+[23]: https://itsfoss.com/what-is-flatpak/
+[0]: https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202303/26/142500uzc095szl064s9xx.jpg
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diff --git a/sources/tech/20230313.2 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 4 Things To Do After Installing NixOS.md b/sources/tech/20230313.2 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 4 Things To Do After Installing NixOS.md
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--- a/sources/tech/20230313.2 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 4 Things To Do After Installing NixOS.md	
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@@ -1,348 +0,0 @@
-[#]: subject: "NixOS Series #4: Things To Do After Installing NixOS"
-[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-nixos/"
-[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
-[#]: collector: "lkxed"
-[#]: translator: " "
-[#]: reviewer: " "
-[#]: publisher: " "
-[#]: url: " "
-
-NixOS Series #4: Things To Do After Installing NixOS
-======
-
-After installation, you will notice that NixOS is quite different from general-purpose Linux distributions.
-
-Of course, as one of the [advanced Linux distributions][1], it may not feel right at home to most new users.
-
-If you do not know [why you should use NixOS][2], and trying it out of curiosity, it is vital to know who it is for before proceeding.
-
-While I assume you installed the distro already, if it is your first time, I suggest [installing NixOS on a virtual machine][3].
-
-### 1. Update packages
-
-Updates would always be there even if you used the latest ISO for the installation. So why not start by updating the packages?
-
-To upgrade packages, first, you will have to check for updates in added channels:
-
-```
-nix-channel --update
-```
-
-And then, use the following command to install those updates (if any):
-
-```
-sudo nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
-```
-
-That's it! It will take care of the rest.
-
-### 2. Change hostname in NixOS
-
-If you try the traditional way of [changing the hostname][4] (using the `hostnamectl` command), it will throw the following error:
-
-![error changing hostname in nixos][5]
-
-With NixOS, you can change the hostname easily using its main config file, which you can access using the following command:
-
-```
-sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
-```
-
-In this config file, look for the following line:
-
-```
-networking.hostName = "nixos";
-```
-
-And change it to:
-
-```
-networking.hostName = "Your_Hostname";
-```
-
-For example, I changed my hostname to `itsFOSS`:
-
-```
-networking.hostName = "itsFOSS";
-```
-
-![change hostname in NixOS][6]
-
-Now, [save changes and exit from the nano][7] text editor.
-
-To take effect from the change you made to hostname, execute the following command:
-
-```
-sudo nixos-rebuild switch
-```
-
-And finally, reopen the terminal, and the change in hostname should reflect.
-
-### 3. Setup Flatpak
-
-I know what you might be thinking. The Nix package manager already offers a plethora of packages. So, why do you need Flatpak?
-
-Installing what you need could be a bit time-consuming for first-time users. So, Flatpak should make things convenient for you.
-
-[Setting up Flatpak][8] is not the same as you do on Ubuntu.
-
-To setup Flatpak, you will have to make changes to the `configuration.nix` file, which can be accessed using the following:
-
-```
-sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
-```
-
-[Go to the end of the line in nano][9] and add the following line before the `}`:
-
-```
-services.flatpak.enable = true;
-```
-
-![setup flatpak on nixos][10]
-
-Save changes by pressing `Ctrl + O`, hit enter and exit by `Ctrl + X`.
-
-Next, rebuild and switch to the new config file using the following command:
-
-```
-sudo nixos-rebuild switch
-```
-
-And finally, add the Flathub repository to the system using the following command:
-
-```
-flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
-```
-
-Want to know what exactly is a Flatpak package? You can refer to our article on it:
-
-### 4. Enable garbage collection
-
-NixOS is known for being immutable, and there is a strong reason why.
-
-Whenever you upgrade a package, the old package won't be removed. Just the symlinks of the old package will be given to the latest version.
-
-And doing that, you will collect unnecessary trash from your system.
-
-But removing every old generation will falsify the purpose of NixOS.
-
-So, in that case, you can configure your system to remove garbage packages weekly.
-
-To do that, first, open the nix configuration file:
-
-```
-sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
-```
-
-And add the following line at the end of the config file before `}`:
-
-```
-# Automatic Garbage Collection
-nix.gc = {
-                automatic = true;
-                dates = "weekly";
-                options = "--delete-older-than 7d";
-        };
-```
-
-![enable automatic garbage collection in NixOS][11]
-
-Save changes and exit from the nano text editor.
-
-To activate the garbage collection, rebuild and switch to the new config file:
-
-```
-sudo nixos-rebuild switch
-```
-
-If you are not sure whether the garbage collector is running fine in the background, you can list active timers using the following command:
-
-```
-systemctl list-timers
-```
-
-![][12]
-
-And as you can see, the Nix garbage collector is running as expected and shows 5 days left for the next cleanup.
-
-### 5. Install your favorite software
-
-I mean this is the only reason why we use computers. "To use our favorite software," and if there's none, we make it happen!
-
-The best place to look for packages is the [Nix package search][13] which can be accessed using any of your preferred browsers.
-
-- Search package
-- Select the package
-- Click on `nix-env` and copy the given command for `NixOS`
-- Execute that command, and that's it
-
-You can check our [NixOS package management][14] guide to get all the details.
-
-Let me give you a quick recap here. For example, here, I want to install Librewolf, so I went with the following:
-
-![search packages for nixos][15]
-
-**But if you want to install services like SSH or plex, the above method won't work**.
-
-For that, you will have to look into `NixOS options` situated at the top of the page.
-
-So let's say I want to install OpenSSH, so I have to follow the given steps:
-
-- Go to `NixOS options`
-- Search the name of the service
-- Get the name of the service and paste it to the `configuration.nix` by changing its value to `true`
-
-![Search the service for nixos][16]
-
-```
-services.openssh.enable = true
-```
-
-![enable openssh on nixos][17]
-
-After adding the line to the config file, rebuild the service:
-
-```
-sudo nixos-rebuild switch
-```
-
-### 6. Enable auto-update in NixOS (optional)
-
-Some users prefer to have auto-updates enabled, whereas others can update packages at their convenience.
-
-So it is all up to you.
-
-**To enable auto-update**, first open the `configuration.nix` file:
-
-```
-sudo nano /etc/nixos/configuration.nix
-```
-
-Next, add the following line at the end of the config file before `}`:
-
-```
-# Auto system update
-system.autoUpgrade = {
-      enable = true;
-};
-```
-
-![enable auto system update in nixos][18]
-
-Save changes and exit from the nano.
-
-To enable the auto-update, you will have to rebuild and switch to that file using the following:
-
-```
-sudo nixos-rebuild switch
-```
-
-You can also check the NixOS upgrade timer using the following command:
-
-```
-systemctl list-timers
-```
-
-![auto upgrade timer in nixos][19]
-
-And as you can see, the `nixos-upgrade.service` is running in the background as intended!
-
-### 7. Reduce swapiness
-
-If you are utilizing the swap partition, you may want to reduce the swapiness value.
-
-Swapiness is nothing but the value of how aggressively you want to use the swap partition (or memory), which ranges from 0 to 100.
-
-The lesser the swapiness, the more your system will use the physical memory (RAM), whereas a swap partition is nothing but a bit of part of your storage drive.
-
-Also, storage drives are relatively slower than RAM, so you should reduce the swapiness if possible.
-
-To check the default swapiness of your system, use the following:
-
-```
-cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
-```
-
-![check swapiness of linux system][20]
-
-And for most Linux distributions, it is set to `60`.
-
-I would recommend you lower this value to `10`.
-
-To do that, first, open the configuration file using the following command:
-
-```
-sudo nano /etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix
-```
-
-And add the following line at the end of the line before `}`:
-
-```
-boot.kernel.sysctl = { "vm.swappiness" = 10;};
-```
-
-![reduce swapiness in nixos][21]
-
-Save changes and exit from the text editor.
-
-Now, rebuild the config and switch to it using the following:
-
-```
-sudo nixos-rebuild switch
-```
-
-And now, you can check the swapiness again and it should reflect the change:
-
-```
-cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
-```
-
-![reduce swapiness in NixOS][22]
-
-That's it!
-
-### Wrapping Up
-
-If you follow these points right after installing NixOS for the first time, you should get a good user experience.
-
-Sure, there can be a few other things depending on your requirements. But, I think the above-mentioned things are the most essential or common things to do.
-
-For the next part of this series, I shall discuss setting up the home manager on NixOS, which should be helpful for a system with multiple users.
-
-💬 _What do you first do after installing NixOS? Let me know your thoughts._
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-nixos/
-
-作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
-选题：[lkxed][b]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
-[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
-[1]: https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/
-[2]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/
-[3]: https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/
-[4]: https://itsfoss.com/change-hostname-ubuntu/
-[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/error-changing-hostname-in-nixos.png
-[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/change-hostname-in-NixOS.png
-[7]: https://linuxhandbook.com/nano-save-exit/?ref=its-foss
-[8]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
-[9]: https://linuxhandbook.com/beginning-end-file-nano/?ref=its-foss
-[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/setup-flatpak-on-nixos.png
-[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/enable-automatic-garbage-collection-in-NixOS.png
-[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/list-active-timers-in-nixos.png
-[13]: https://search.nixos.org/packages?ref=its-foss
-[14]: https://itsfoss.com/nixos-package-management/
-[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/search-packages-for-nixos.png
-[16]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Search-the-service-for-nixos.png
-[17]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/enable-openssh-on-nixos.png
-[18]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/enable-auto-system-update-in-nixos.png
-[19]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/auto-upgrade-timer-in-nixos.png
-[20]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/check-swapiness-of-linux-system.png
-[21]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/reduce-swapiness-in-nixos.png
-[22]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/reduce-swapiness-in-NixOS.png
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