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Merge pull request #28738 from lkxed/20230227-0-NixOS-Series-2-How-to-Install-NixOS-on-a-Virtual-Machine
[手动选题][tech]: 20230227.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 2 How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine.md
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[#]: subject: "NixOS Series #2: How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine?"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/"
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[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: " "
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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NixOS Series #2: How to Install NixOS on a Virtual Machine?
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======
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If you can use the Nix package manager on any Linux distro, why should you install the NixOS?
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I often wondered about the same before using NixOS for a few days.
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Once I realized the benefits, I wrote about it to help you know [why you might consider using NixOS][1]. If you have read the first article of the series, you already know what you want.
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So, how to get started with it? Considering it can be a new experience for many, should you replace your daily driver with it or install it as a virtual machine?
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I recommend using NixOS on a VM before you want to replace it as your primary operating system. This holds for anything new that you want to try, but specifically for [advanced Linux distributions][2] like NixOS.
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### Install NixOS in the VM Using VirtualBox
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In this tutorial, I will be using VirtualBox.
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And if you are using Ubuntu and don't care about having the latest version, VirtualBox can be installed using a single command:
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```
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sudo apt install virtualbox
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```
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Want to install the latest version? You can refer to the given guide:
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And if you are using anything besides Ubuntu, you can[follow the download instructions from its official downloads page.][3]
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Once you have successfully installed VirtualBox, let us start with the first step.
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#### Step 1: Get the ISO image of NixOS
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You need to head to NixOS [official download page][4].
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And under the `NixOS: the Linux distribution` section, you will find ISO with GNOME and KDE desktops.
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Sure, there is a minimal ISO, too, but I would recommend going with either of the two (GNOME and KDE):
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![Download NixOS ISO file][5]
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For the sake of this tutorial, I will be using GNOME.
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Remember, you are given GNOME and KDE options for the live desktop!
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And during installation, you get the option to choose your favorite desktop environment, including **Xfce, Pantheon, Cinnamon, MATE**, and more!
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#### Step 2: Create a virtual in VirtualBox
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Open VirtualBox and click on the `New` button to add a new virtual machine:
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![screenshot that shows you how to click on new button to add new virtual machine][6]
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And it will open a prompt asking you to add information about the VM you want to add.
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You can start by naming your VM:
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- **Name your VM so that you can identify it is a NixOS install. So I named it `NixOS`.**
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- **Choose the ISO image that you've downloaded recently.**
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- **Select `Linux` as a type of ISO.**
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- **And choose `Other Linux (64-bit)` for version.**
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![][7]
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Once you select everything, click on the `Next` button.
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Next, you will be asked to choose the Base memory (RAM), processors you want to allocate to this VM, and storage space for this install.
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While NixOS mentions no official requirements, I recommend you to have at least **4 gigs of RAM**, **2-4 processor cores**, and **30 GB of space** for this install:
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![select hardware for NixOS VM][8]
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And in the end, it will show you the summary of the choices you made for this VM:
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![summary of NixOS VM install][9]
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If everything seems fine, click on the `Finish` button and it will create a NixOS virtual machine for you.
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#### Step 3: Installing NixOS
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Once you are done creating the VM, the name you gave to your NixOS VM should start reflecting in the VirtualBox list of VMs.
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Select the NixOS VM and click on the start button:
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![start the NixOS VM][10]
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And it will start the NixOS live so you can try the Linux distro.
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##### Select installer language
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Once you boot into the NixOS, the installer will start and ask you to set the preferred language for the installer:
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![choose preferred language for NixOS install][11]
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##### Choose region and timezone
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Next, choose your region and zone. If you don't know this, you can select your country from the map, which will set things for you.
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Once you select the region and zone, it will also select the preferred language, numbers, and date locale.
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Sure, you can change if you want to, but for most users, the selected options will work just fine:
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![choose the region and zone for NixOS][12]
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##### Select Keyboard layout
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Next, you will have to set the keyboard layout. For most users, `English (US)` with default setting should work fine.
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If you are going with something else, you can test your keyboard configuration before proceeding.
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![select Keyboard layout for NixOS][13]
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After that, you are asked to create a user and set a password for that user.
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You can choose to keep a strong password or just anything random for the VM.
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![create a user for NixOS][14]
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##### Select your favorite Desktop Environment
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With NixOS, you are given the following choices for the desktop environment:
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- GNOME
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- KDE (best choice for customization)
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- Xfce
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- Pantheon (a desktop environment that ships with ElementaryOS)
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- Cinnamon
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- Enlightenment
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- LXQt
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![choose desktop environment for NixOS][15]
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##### Use non-free software on NixOS
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NixOS follows a similar approach to Fedora, where you have to choose whether you want the non-free software.
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I would recommend you enable non-free packages:
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![enable non-free package in NixOS][16]
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##### The partitions part
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As this is a VM guide, I will recommend you go with the `Erase disk` option that should partition the disk automatically!
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![automatic partition the disk for NixOS][17]
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Once done, it will get you the summary of the choices you went with:
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![summery of NixOS installation options in VM][18]
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And if everything seems correct, click on the `Install` button, and it will start the installation button.
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##### Don't Reboot but turn off the VM
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Once the installation is finished, you will be given the option to restart the VM.
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And if you do so, **it will load the installer again**!
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To solve this issue, you must make changes in the boot sequence.
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And to do that, power off your VM once the installation is complete.
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To power off the VM, select the `Close` option from the **File menu** and select the `Power off the machine` option:
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![][19]
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##### Change the boot order in VirtualBox
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To change the boot order in the NixOS VM, open the settings for that VM:
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![][20]
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In settings, select `System` and you will find the boot order.
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Here, select the `Hard Disk` and use the **up arrow** icon next to the options and make it the first option to boot:
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![change boot order in VirtualBox][21]
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Press `OK` and it will save the changes you made.
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**Alternatively**, you can remove the optical disk (ISO image) that we added to start the installation.
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#### Step 4: Boot from NixOS install
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Now, start your NixOS VM, and you will see a GRUB screen:
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![NixOS grub screen][22]
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Select the default option, and it will get you into the fresh install of NixOS with the GNOME desktop.
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![running NixOS in VM][23]
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That's it! **Go on exploring NixOS!**
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### Wrapping Up
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This was a quick guide on how you can install NixOS on VirtualBox.
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For the next part of the NixOS tutorial series, I shall share pointers on **installing and removing packages**.
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💬 _Stay tuned for the next part of the series. Until then, feel free to share your thoughts on NixOS and if you face any issues following the guide!_
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/
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作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/
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[3]: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads
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[4]: https://nixos.org/download.html
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[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Download-NixOS-ISO-file.png
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/click-on-new-to-add-new-virtual-machine.png
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[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/Add-NixOS-ISO-to-VirtualBox.png
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/select-hardware-for-NixOS-VM-1.png
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[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/summery-of-NixOS-VM-install.png
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[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/start-the-NixOS-VM.png
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[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/1.-choose-the-language-of-NixOS-installer.png
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[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/2.-choose-the-region-and-zone-for-NixOS.png
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[13]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/3.-select-Keyboard-layout-for-NixOS.png
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[14]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/4.-create-user-and-set-password-for-NixOS.png
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[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/5.-choose-desktop-environment-for-NixOS.png
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[16]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/6.-Allow-unfree-software.png
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[17]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/7.-select-erase-disk-option-while-installing-NixOS.png
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[18]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/8.-summery-of-NixOS-installation-options-in-VM.png
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[19]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/poweroff-VM.png
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[20]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/open-settings-for-VM-in-VirtualBox.png
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[21]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/how-to-change-the-boot-order-in-VirtualBox.gif
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[22]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/NixOS-grub-screen.png
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[23]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/running-NixOS-in-VM.png
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