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[yangmingming translated]20160811 How to Mount Remote Linux Filesystem or Directory Using SSHFS Over SSH.md (#4522)
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How to Mount Remote Linux Filesystem or Directory Using SSHFS Over SSH
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============================
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The main purpose of writing this article is to provide a step-by-step guide on how to mount remote Linux file system using SSHFS client over SSH.
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This article is useful for those users and system administrators who want to mount remote file system on their local systems for whatever purposes. We have practically tested by installing SSHFS client on one of our Linux system and successfully mounted remote file systems.
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Before we go further installation let’s understand about SSHFS and how it works.
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>Sshfs Mount Remote Linux Filesystem or Directory
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### What Is SSHFS?
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SSHFS stands for (Secure SHell FileSystem) client that enable us to mount remote filesystem and interact with remote directories and files on a local machine using SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP).
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SFTP is a secure file transfer protocol that provides file access, file transfer and file management features over Secure Shell protocol. Because SSH uses encryption while transferring files over the network from one computer to another computer and SSHFS comes with built-in FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) kernel module that allows any non-privileged users to create their file system without modifying kernel code.
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In this article, we will show you how to install and use SSHFS client on any Linux distribution to mount remote Linux filesystem or directory on a local Linux machine.
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#### Step 1: Install SSHFS Client in Linux Systems
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By default sshfs packages does not exists on all major Linux distributions, you need to enable [epel repository][1] under your Linux systems to install sshfs with the help of Yum command with their dependencies.
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```
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# yum install sshfs
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# dnf install sshfs [On Fedora 22+ releases]
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$ sudo apt-get install sshfs [On Debian/Ubuntu based systems]
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```
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#### Step 2: Creating SSHFS Mount Directory
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Once the sshfs package installed, you need to create a mount point directory where you will mount your remote file system. For example, we have created mount directory under /mnt/tecmint.
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```
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# mkdir /mnt/tecmint
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$ sudo mkdir /mnt/tecmint [On Debian/Ubuntu based systems]
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```
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### Step 3: Mounting Remote Filesystem with SSHFS
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Once you have created your mount point directory, now run the following command as a root user to mount remote file system under /mnt/tecmint. In your case the mount directory would be anything.
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The following command will mount remote directory called /home/tecmint under /mnt/tecmint in local system. (Don’t forget replace x.x.x.x with your IP Address and mount point).
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```
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# sshfs tecmint@x.x.x.x:/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint
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$ sudo sshfs -o allow_other tecmint@x.x.x.x:/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint [On Debian/Ubuntu based systems]
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```
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If your Linux server is configured with SSH key based authorization, then you will need to specify the path to your public keys as shown in the following command.
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```
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# sshfs -o IdentityFile=~/.ssh/id_rsa tecmint@x.x.x.x:/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint
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$ sudo sshfs -o allow_other,IdentityFile=~/.ssh/id_rsa tecmint@x.x.x.x:/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint [On Debian/Ubuntu based systems]
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```
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#### Step 4: Verifying Remote Filesystem is Mounted
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If you have run the above command successfully without any errors, you will see the list of remote files and directories mounted under /mnt/tecmint.
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```
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# cd /mnt/tecmint
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# ls
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[root@ tecmint]# ls
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12345.jpg ffmpeg-php-0.6.0.tbz2 Linux news-closeup.xsl s3.jpg
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cmslogs gmd-latest.sql.tar.bz2 Malware newsletter1.html sshdallow
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epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm json-1.2.1 movies_list.php pollbeta.sql
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ffmpeg-php-0.6.0 json-1.2.1.tgz my_next_artical_v2.php pollbeta.tar.bz2
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```
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#### Step 5: Checking Mount Point with df -hT Command
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If you run df -hT command you will see the remote file system mount point.
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```
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# df -hT
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```
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Sample Output
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```
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Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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udev devtmpfs 730M 0 730M 0% /dev
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tmpfs tmpfs 150M 4.9M 145M 4% /run
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/dev/sda1 ext4 31G 5.5G 24G 19% /
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tmpfs tmpfs 749M 216K 748M 1% /dev/shm
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tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
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tmpfs tmpfs 749M 0 749M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
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tmpfs tmpfs 150M 44K 150M 1% /run/user/1000
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tecmint@192.168.0.102:/home/tecmint fuse.sshfs 324G 55G 253G 18% /mnt/tecmint
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```
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#### Step 6: Mounting Remote Filesystem Permanently
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To mount remote filesystem permanently, you need to edit the file called /etc/fstab. To do, open the file with your favorite editor.
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```
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# vi /etc/fstab
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$ sudo vi /etc/fstab [On Debian/Ubuntu based systems]
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```
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Go to the bottom of the file and add the following line to it and save the file and exit. The below entry mount remote server file system with default settings.
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```
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sshfs#tecmint@x.x.x.x:/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint fuse.sshfs defaults 0 0
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```
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Make sure you’ve [SSH Passwordless Login][2] in place between servers to auto mount filesystem during system reboots..
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```
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sshfs#tecmint@x.x.x.x:/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint fuse.sshfs IdentityFile=~/.ssh/id_rsa defaults 0 0
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```
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Next, you need to update the fstab file to reflect the changes.
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```
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# mount -a
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$ sudo mount -a [On Debian/Ubuntu based systems]
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```
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#### Step 7: Unmounting Remote Filesystem
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To unmount remote filesystem, jun issue the following command it will unmount the remote file system.
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```
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# umount /mnt/tecmint
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```
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That’s all for now, if you’re facing any difficulties or need any help in mounting remote file system, please contact us via comments and if you feel this article is much useful then share it with your friends.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/sshfs-mount-remote-linux-filesystem-directory-using-ssh/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+tecmint+%28Tecmint%3A+Linux+Howto%27s+Guide%29
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作者：[Ravi Saive][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: http://www.tecmint.com/author/admin/
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[1]: http://www.tecmint.com/how-to-enable-epel-repository-for-rhel-centos-6-5/
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[2]: http://www.tecmint.com/ssh-passwordless-login-using-ssh-keygen-in-5-easy-steps/
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@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
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如何使用 SSHFS 通过 SSH 挂载远程的 Linux 文件系统或者目录
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============================
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写这篇文章的主要目的就是提供一步一步的指导，关于如何使用 SSHFS 通过 SSH 挂载远程的 Linux 文件系统或者目录。
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这篇文章对于那些无论什么目的，希望在他们本地的系统中挂载远程的文件系统的用户或者系统管理员有帮助。我们实际上通过我们 Linux 系统中的一个安装了 SSHFS 客户端进行测试，并且成功的挂载了远程的文件系统。
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在我们进一步安装之前，让我们了解一下 SSHFS 的相关内容，以及它是如何工作的。
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>Sshfs 挂载远程的 Linux 文件系统或者目录
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### 什么是 SSHFS？
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SSHFS（Secure SHell FileSystem）是一个客户端，让我们挂载远程的文件系统并且在本地机器上通过 SSH 文件传输协议（SFTP）和远程的目录和文件进行交互。
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SFTP 是一种通过安全 shell 协议提供文件访问、文件传输和文件管理特性的安全文件传输协议。因为 SSH 在网络中从一台电脑到另一台电脑传输文件的时候使用加密，并且 SSHFS 内置在 FUSE（用户空间的文件系统）内核模块，允许任何非特权用户在不修改内核代码的情况下创建他们自己的文件系统。
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在这篇文章中，我们将会向你展示在任意 Linux 发行版上如何安装并且使用 SSHFS 客户端，在本地 Linux 机器上挂载远程的 Linux 文件系统或者目录。
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#### 步骤1：在 Linux 系统上安装 SSHFS
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默认情况下，sshfs 包不存在所有的主流 Linux 发行版中，你需要在你的 Linux 系统中启用 [epel 仓库][1]，在 Yum 命令行及其依赖的帮助下安装 SSHFS。
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```
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# yum install sshfs
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# dnf install sshfs 【在 Fedora 22+ 发行版上】
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$ sudo apt-get install sshfs 【基于 Debian/Ubuntu 的系统】
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```
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#### 步骤2：创建 SSHFS 挂载目录
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一旦你安装 SSHFS 包之后，你需要创建一个挂载点目录，在这儿你将要挂载你的远程文件系统。例如，我们在 /mnt/tecmint 下创建挂载目录。
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```
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# mkdir /mnt/tecmint
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$ sudo mkdir /mnt/tecmint 【基于 Debian/Ubuntu 的系统】
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```
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### 步骤 3：使用 SSHFS 挂载远程的文件系统
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一旦你已经创建你的挂载点目录之后，现在使用root用户运行下面的命令行，在 /mnt/tecmint 目录下挂载远程的文件系统。视你的情况挂载目录可以是任何目录。
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下面的命令行将会在本地的 /mnt/tecmint 目录下挂载一个叫 /home/tecmint 的远程目录。（不要忘了使用你的 IP 地址和挂载点替换 x.x.x.x）。
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```
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# sshfs tecmint@x.x.x.x:/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint
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$ sudo sshfs -o allow_other tecmint@x.x.x.x:/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint 【基于 Debian/Ubuntu 的系统】
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```
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如果你的 Linux 服务器配置为基于 SSH 密钥授权，那么你将需要使用如图下面的命令行指定你的公共密钥的路径。
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```
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# sshfs -o IdentityFile=~/.ssh/id_rsa tecmint@x.x.x.x:/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint
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$ sudo sshfs -o allow_other,IdentityFile=~/.ssh/id_rsa tecmint@x.x.x.x:/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint 【基于 Debian/Ubuntu 的系统】
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```
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#### 步骤 4：验证远程的文件系统挂载完成
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如果你已经成功的运行了上面的命令并且没有任何错误，你将会看到挂载在 /mnt/tecmint 目录下的远程的文件和目录的列表
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```
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# cd /mnt/tecmint
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# ls
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[root@ tecmint]# ls
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12345.jpg ffmpeg-php-0.6.0.tbz2 Linux news-closeup.xsl s3.jpg
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cmslogs gmd-latest.sql.tar.bz2 Malware newsletter1.html sshdallow
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epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm json-1.2.1 movies_list.php pollbeta.sql
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ffmpeg-php-0.6.0 json-1.2.1.tgz my_next_artical_v2.php pollbeta.tar.bz2
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```
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#### 步骤 5：使用 df -hT 命令检查挂载点
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如果你运行 df -hT命令，你将会看到远程文件系统的挂载点
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```
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# df -hT
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```
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样本输出
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```
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Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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udev devtmpfs 730M 0 730M 0% /dev
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tmpfs tmpfs 150M 4.9M 145M 4% /run
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/dev/sda1 ext4 31G 5.5G 24G 19% /
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tmpfs tmpfs 749M 216K 748M 1% /dev/shm
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tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
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tmpfs tmpfs 749M 0 749M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
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tmpfs tmpfs 150M 44K 150M 1% /run/user/1000
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tecmint@192.168.0.102:/home/tecmint fuse.sshfs 324G 55G 253G 18% /mnt/tecmint
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```
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#### 步骤 6：永久挂载远程文件系统
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为了永久的挂载远程的文件系统，你需要修改一个叫 /etc/fstab 的文件。照着做，使用你最喜欢的编辑器打开文件。
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```
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# vi /etc/fstab
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$ sudo vi /etc/fstab 【基于 Debian/Ubuntu 的系统】
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```
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移动文件的底部并且添加下面的一行，保存文件并退出。下面条目表示使用默认的设置挂载远程的文件系统。
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```
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sshfs#tecmint@x.x.x.x:/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint fuse.sshfs defaults 0 0
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```
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确保服务器和自动挂载的文件系统在系统重启之后允许 [SSH 无密码登录][2]。
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```
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sshfs#tecmint@x.x.x.x:/home/tecmint/ /mnt/tecmint fuse.sshfs IdentityFile=~/.ssh/id_rsa defaults 0 0
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```
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接下来，你需要更新 fstab 文件使修改生效。
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```
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# mount -a
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$ sudo mount -a 【基于 Debian/Ubuntu 的系统】
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```
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#### 步骤 7：卸载远程的文件系统
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为了卸载远程的文件系统，只需要发出以下的命令即可。
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```
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# umount /mnt/tecmint
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```
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目前为止就这样了，如果你在挂载远程文件系统的时候遇到任何问题或者需要任何帮助，请通过评论联系我们，如果你感觉这篇文章非常有用，请分享给你的朋友们。
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/sshfs-mount-remote-linux-filesystem-directory-using-ssh/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+tecmint+%28Tecmint%3A+Linux+Howto%27s+Guide%29
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作者：[Ravi Saive][a]
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译者：[yangmingming](https://github.com/yangmingming)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: http://www.tecmint.com/author/admin/
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[1]: http://www.tecmint.com/how-to-enable-epel-repository-for-rhel-centos-6-5/
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[2]: http://www.tecmint.com/ssh-passwordless-login-using-ssh-keygen-in-5-easy-steps/
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