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sources/tech/20150413 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to configure PCI-passthrough on virt-manager.md
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Vic020
Linux FAQs with Answers--How to configure PCI-passthrough on virt-manager
Linux有问必答：如何在虚拟机上配置PCI-passthrough
================================================================================
> **Question**: I would like to dedicate a physical network interface card to one of my guest VMs created by KVM. For that, I am trying to enable PCI passthrough of the NIC for the VM. How can I add a PCI device to a guest VM with PCI passthrough on virt-manager?
> **提问**：我想要设置一块物理网卡到用KVM创建的虚拟机上。我打算开启网卡的PCI passthrough给这台虚拟机。请问，我如何才能增加一个PCI设备通过PCI直通到虚拟机上？
Modern hypervisors enable efficient resource sharing among multiple guest operating systems by virtualizing and emulating hardware resources. However, such virtualized resource sharing may not always be desirable, or even should be avoided when VM performance is a great concern, or when a VM requires full DMA control of a hardware device. One technique used in this case is so-called "PCI passthrough," where a guest VM is granted an exclusive access to a PCI device (e.g., network/sound/video card). Essentially, PCI passthrough bypasses the virtualization layer, and directly exposes a PCI device to a VM. No other VM can access the PCI device.
如今的hypervisor能够高效地在多个虚拟操作系统分享和模拟硬件资源。然而，虚拟资源分享，虚拟机的性能，或者是虚拟机需要硬件DMA的完全控制，不是总能使人满意。一项名叫“PCI passthrough”的技术可以用在一个虚拟机需要独享PCI设备时（例如：network/sound/video card）。本质上，PCI passthrough越过了虚拟层，直接扩展PCI设备到虚拟机。但是其他虚拟机不能同时共享。
### Requirement for Enabling PCI Passthrough ###
If you want to enable PCI passthrough for an HVM guest (e.g., a fully-virtualized VM created by KVM), your system (both CPU and motherboard) must meet the following requirement. If your VM is paravirtualized (created by Xen), you can skip this step.
### 开启“PCI Passthrough”的准备 ###
In order to enable PCI passthrough for an HVM guest VM, your system must support **VT-d** (for Intel processors) or **AMD-Vi** (for AMD processors). Intel's VT-d ("Intel Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O") is available on most high-end Nehalem processors and its successors (e.g., Westmere, Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge). Note that VT-d and VT-x are two independent features. A list of Intel/AMD processors with VT-d/AMD-Vi capability can be found [here][1].
如果你想要为一台HVM实例开启PCI passthrough（例如，一台KVM创建的full虚拟机），你的母系统（包括CPU和主板）必须满足以下条件。但是如果你的虚拟机是para－V（由Xen创建），你可以挑过这步。
After you verify that your host hardware supports VT-d/AMD-Vi, you then need to do two things on your system. First, make sure that VT-d/AMD-Vi is enabled in system BIOS. Second, enable IOMMU on your kernel during booting. The IOMMU service, which is provided by VT-d,/AMD-Vi, protects host memory access by a guest VM, and is a requirement for PCI passthrough for fully-virtualized guest VMs.
为了开启PCI passthrough,系统需要支持**VT-d** (Intel处理器)或者**AMD-Vi** (AMD处理器)。Intel的VT-D（“英特尔虚拟化技术支持直接I/ O”）是适用于最高端的Nehalem处理器和它的后继者（例如，Westmere、Sandy Bridge的，Ivy Bridge）。注意：VT－d和VT－x是两个独立功能。intel/AMD处理器支持VT-D/AMD-VI功能的列表可以[点击这里][1]。
To enable IOMMU on the kernel for Intel processors, pass "**intel_iommu=on**" boot parameter on your Linux. Follow [this tutorial][2] to find out how to add a kernel boot parameter via GRUB.
完成验证你的设备支持VT-d/AMD-Vi后，还有两件事情需要做。首先，确保VT-d/AMD-Vi已经在BIOS中开启。然后，在内核启动过程中开启IOMMU。IOMMU服务，是VT-d,/AMD-Vi提供，可以保护虚拟机访问的主机内存，同时它也是full虚拟机支持PCI passthrough的前提。
After configuring the boot parameter, reboot your host.
Intel处理器中，内核开启IOMMU通过在启动参数中修改“**intel_iommu=on**”。参看[这篇教程][2]获得如何通过GRUB修改内核启动参数。
### Add a PCI Device to a VM on Virt-Manager ###
配置完成启动参数后，重启电脑。
Now we are ready to enable PCI passthrough. In fact, assigning a PCI device to a guest VM is straightforward on virt-manager.
### 添加PCI设备到虚拟机 ###
Open the VM's settings on virt-manager, and click on "Add Hardware" button on the left sidebar.
我们已经完成了开启PCI Passthrough的准备。事实上，只需通过虚拟机管理就可以给虚拟机分配一个PCI设备。
Choose a PCI device to assign from a PCI device list, and click on "Finish" button.
打开虚拟机设置，在左边工具栏点击‘增加硬件’按钮。
选择从PCI设备表一个PCI设备来分配，点击“完成”按钮
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7587/17015584385_db49e96372_c.jpg)
Finally, power on the guest. At this point, the host PCI device should be directly visible inside the guest VM.
最后，开启实例。目前为止，主机的PCI设备已经可以由虚拟机直接访问了。
### Troubleshooting ###
### 常见问题 ###
If you see either of the following errors while powering on a guest VM, the error may be because VT-d (or IOMMU) is not enabled on your host.
在虚拟机启动时，如果你看见下列任何一个错误，这个错误有可能由于母机VT-d (或 IOMMU)未开启导致。
Error starting domain: unsupported configuration: host doesn't support passthrough of host PCI devices
@ -40,14 +39,14 @@ If you see either of the following errors while powering on a guest VM, the erro
Error starting domain: Unable to read from monitor: Connection reset by peer
Make sure that "**intel_iommu=on**" boot parameter is passed to the kernel during boot as described above.
请确保"**intel_iommu=on**"启动参数已经按上文叙述开启。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/pci-passthrough-virt-manager.html
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
译者：[Vic020/VicYu](http://vicyu.net)
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