mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-01-28 23:20:10 +08:00
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
This commit is contained in:
commit
5557333fc3
@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu 每日贴士 - 从Ubuntu 13.10 升级到 14.04(Trusty Tahr) [值得信赖的塔尔羊]
|
||||
Ubuntu 每日贴士:从Ubuntu 13.10升级到14.04(Trusty Tahr) [值得信赖的塔尔羊]
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
虽然Ubuntu 14.04 近期不会计划发布, 那些想要尝试最新软件和系统的人现在可以就地从Ubuntu 13.10 升级到 14.04了。
|
||||
虽然Ubuntu 14.04 按计划不会近期发布正式版,但那些想要尝试最新软件和系统的人现在可以从Ubuntu 13.10 就地升级到 14.04了。
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04 计划在2014.7.14 实验性地发布,但是你不必等那么长的时间来升级尝试.这个简要的教程给你展示了如何就地从Ububtu 13.10 升级到 14.04。
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04 目前计划在2014.4.17发布,但是你不必等那么长的时间来升级尝试。这个简要的教程给你展示了如何就地从Ububtu 13.10 升级到 14.04。
|
||||
|
||||
就地升级是你在已存在的Ubuntu上运行update-manager命令来升级到下一版。它允许你保留你大多数的文档,设定和一些程序。
|
||||
就地升级是你在已存在的Ubuntu上运行update-manager命令来升级到下一版。它允许你保留你大多数的文档,设定和一些程序。
|
||||
|
||||
大多数就地升级依赖于一个可靠的网络连接。没有良好稳定的连接,可能无法使用这个方法升级Ubuntu。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你无法使用网络升级,你还可以通过CD/DVD盘来就地升级.这个方法允许你不通过网络连接离线升级Ubuntu。
|
||||
如果你无法使用网络升级,你还可以通过CD/DVD盘来就地升级。这个方法允许你不通过网络连接离线升级Ubuntu。
|
||||
|
||||
### 升级到 Ubuntu 14.04 ###
|
||||
|
||||
为了升级到Ubuntu 14.04, 你必须首先准备一台要升级的电脑。要这么做,运行下面的命令更新所有存在的包和内核。
|
||||
为了升级到Ubuntu 14.04, 你首先要给你要升级的电脑做好准备工作。请运行下面的命令更新所有存在的包和内核。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade && sudo apt-get autoremove
|
||||
|
||||
升级完成你的机器后,你可能需要重启来在升级前应用新的包和内核。
|
||||
完成上述更新后,你可能需要重启来在升级前应用新的包和内核。
|
||||
|
||||
接着,按下键盘上的**Alt+F2**键来打开Ubuntu上的命令窗口。当窗口打开后,输入下面的命令并按下**Enter**。
|
||||
接着,按下键盘上的**Alt+F2**键来打开Ubuntu上的命令窗口。当窗口打开后,输入下面的命令并按下**回车**。
|
||||
|
||||
update-manager –d
|
||||
|
||||
@ -36,6 +36,6 @@ Ubuntu接着应该带着升级选项会打开update-manager。按下**Upgrade**
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/01/daily-ubuntu-tips-upgrade-to-ubuntu-14-04-trusty-tahr-from-13-10/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
|
||||
>>**Linchenguang翻译中**
|
||||
|
||||
20 Funny Commands of Linux or Linux is Fun in Terminal
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Linux** is fun! **Huhhh**. OK so you don’t believe me. Mind me at the end of this article you will have to believe that **Linux** is actually a fun box.
|
||||
|
||||
![20 Linux Funny Commands](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Linux-Funny-Commands.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Command: sl (Steam Locomotive) ###
|
||||
|
||||
You might be aware of command ‘ls‘ the list command and use it frequently to view the contents of a folder but because of miss-typing sometimes you would result in ‘sl‘, how about getting a little fun in terminal and not “command not found“.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install sl ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install sl (In Debian like OS)
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum -y install sl (In Red Hat like OS)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# sl
|
||||
|
||||
![sl command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/sl.png)
|
||||
|
||||
This command works even when you type ‘**LS**‘ and not ‘**ls**‘.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Command: telnet ###
|
||||
|
||||
**No! No!!** it is not as much complex as it seems. You would be familiar with **telnet**. Telnet is a text-oriented bidirectional network protocol over network. Here is nothing to be installed. What you should have is a Linux box and a working Internet.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl
|
||||
|
||||
![telnet command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/telnet.png)
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. Command: fortune ####
|
||||
|
||||
what about getting your random fortune, sometimes funny in terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install fortune ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install fortune (for aptitude based system)
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install fortune (for yum based system)
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# fortune
|
||||
|
||||
You're not my type. For that matter, you're not even my species!!!
|
||||
Future looks spotty. You will spill soup in late evening.
|
||||
You worry too much about your job. Stop it. You are not paid enough to worry.
|
||||
Your love life will be... interesting.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Command: rev (Reverse) ###
|
||||
|
||||
It **reverse** every string given to it, is not it funny.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# rev
|
||||
|
||||
123abc
|
||||
cba321
|
||||
|
||||
xuniL eb ot nrob
|
||||
born to be Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Command: factor ###
|
||||
|
||||
Time for some **Mathematics**, this command output all the possible factors of a given number.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# factor
|
||||
|
||||
5
|
||||
5: 5
|
||||
|
||||
12
|
||||
12: 2 2 3
|
||||
|
||||
1001
|
||||
1001: 7 11 13
|
||||
|
||||
5442134
|
||||
5442134: 2 2721067
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Command: script ###
|
||||
|
||||
OK fine this is not a command and a script but it is nice.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# for i in {1..12}; do for j in $(seq 1 $i); do echo -ne $i×$j=$((i*j))\\t;done; echo;done
|
||||
|
||||
1×1=1
|
||||
2×1=2 2×2=4
|
||||
3×1=3 3×2=6 3×3=9
|
||||
4×1=4 4×2=8 4×3=12 4×4=16
|
||||
5×1=5 5×2=10 5×3=15 5×4=20 5×5=25
|
||||
6×1=6 6×2=12 6×3=18 6×4=24 6×5=30 6×6=36
|
||||
7×1=7 7×2=14 7×3=21 7×4=28 7×5=35 7×6=42 7×7=49
|
||||
8×1=8 8×2=16 8×3=24 8×4=32 8×5=40 8×6=48 8×7=56 8×8=64
|
||||
9×1=9 9×2=18 9×3=27 9×4=36 9×5=45 9×6=54 9×7=63 9×8=72 9×9=81
|
||||
10×1=10 10×2=20 10×3=30 10×4=40 10×5=50 10×6=60 10×7=70 10×8=80 10×9=90 10×10=100
|
||||
11×1=11 11×2=22 11×3=33 11×4=44 11×5=55 11×6=66 11×7=77 11×8=88 11×9=99 11×10=110 11×11=121
|
||||
12×1=12 12×2=24 12×3=36 12×4=48 12×5=60 12×6=72 12×7=84 12×8=96 12×9=108 12×10=120 12×11=132 12×12=144
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. Command: Cowsay ###
|
||||
|
||||
An **ASCII** cow in terminal that will say what ever you want.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install Cowsay ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install cowsay (for Debian based OS)
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install cowsay (for Red Hat based OS)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cowsay I Love nix
|
||||
|
||||
____________
|
||||
< I Love nix >
|
||||
------------
|
||||
\ ^__^
|
||||
\ (oo)\_______
|
||||
(__)\ )\/\
|
||||
||----w |
|
||||
|| ||
|
||||
|
||||
How about pipelineing ‘**fortune command**‘, described above with cowsay?
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# fortune | cowsay
|
||||
|
||||
_________________________________________
|
||||
/ Q: How many Oregonians does it take to \
|
||||
| screw in a light bulb? A: Three. One to |
|
||||
| screw in the light bulb and two to fend |
|
||||
| off all those |
|
||||
| |
|
||||
| Californians trying to share the |
|
||||
\ experience. /
|
||||
-----------------------------------------
|
||||
\ ^__^
|
||||
\ (oo)\_______
|
||||
(__)\ )\/\
|
||||
||----w |
|
||||
|| ||
|
||||
|
||||
**Note: ‘|‘** is called pipeline instruction and it is used where the output of one command needs to be the input of another command. In the above example the output of ‘**fortune**‘ command acts as an input of ‘**cowsay**‘ command. This pipeline instruction is frequently used in scripting and programming.
|
||||
|
||||
**xcowsay** is a graphical program which response similar to **cowsay** but in a graphical manner, hence it is **X** of cowsay.
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get insatll xcowsay
|
||||
yum install xcowsay
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# xcowsay I Love nix
|
||||
|
||||
![xcowsay command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/xcowsay.png)
|
||||
|
||||
**cowthink** is another command just run “cowthink Linux is sooo funny” and see the difference in output of cowsay and cowthink.
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get insatll cowthink
|
||||
yum install cowthink
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cowthink ....Linux is sooo funny
|
||||
_________________________
|
||||
( ....Linux is sooo funny )
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
o ^__^
|
||||
o (oo)\_______
|
||||
(__)\ )\/\
|
||||
||----w |
|
||||
|| ||
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. Command: yes ###
|
||||
|
||||
It is funny but useful as well, specially in scripts and for **System Administrators** where an automated predefined response can be passed to terminal or generated.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yes I Love Linux
|
||||
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: (Till you interrupt i.e **ctrl+c**).
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. Command: toilet ###
|
||||
|
||||
what? Are u kidding, huhh no! Definitely not, but for sure this command name itself is too funny, and I don’t know from where this command gets it’s name.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install toilet ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install toilet
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install toilet
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# toilet tecmint
|
||||
|
||||
mmmmmmm " m
|
||||
# mmm mmm mmmmm mmm m mm mm#mm mmm mmm mmmmm
|
||||
# #" # #" " # # # # #" # # #" " #" "# # # #
|
||||
# #"""" # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# "#mm" "#mm" # # # mm#mm # # "mm # "#mm" "#m#" # # #
|
||||
|
||||
It even offers some kind of color and fonts style.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# toilet -f mono12 -F metal Tecmint.com
|
||||
|
||||
![toilet command](http://www.tecmint.com/20-funny-commands-of-linux-or-linux-is-fun-in-terminal/toilet/)
|
||||
|
||||
**Note: Figlet** is another command that more or less provide such kind of effect in terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. Command: cmatrix ###
|
||||
|
||||
You might have seen Hollywood movie ‘**matrix**‘ and would be fascinated with power, **Neo** was provided with, to see anything and everything in matrix or you might think of an animation that looks alike **Hacker**‘s desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install cmatrix ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install cmatrix
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install cmatrix
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cmatrix
|
||||
|
||||
![cmatrix command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/cmatrix.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 11. Command: oneko ###
|
||||
|
||||
OK so you believe that mouse pointer of Linux is the same silly black/white pointer where no animation lies then I fear you could be wrong. “**oneko**“ is a package that will attach a “**Jerry**“ with you mouse pointer and moves along with you pointer.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install cmatrix ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install oneko
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install oneko
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# oneko
|
||||
|
||||
![oneko command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/oneko.png)
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: Once you close the terminal from which **oneko** was run, **jerry** will disappear, nor will start at start-up. You can add the application to start up and continue enjoying.
|
||||
|
||||
### 12. Fork Bomb ###
|
||||
|
||||
This is a very nasty piece of code. Run this at **your own risk**. This actually is a fork bomb which exponentially multiplies itself till all the system resource is utilized and the system hangs. (To check the power of above code you should try it once, but all at your own risk, close and save all other programs and file before running **fork bomb**).
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# :(){ :|:& }:
|
||||
|
||||
### 13. Command: while ###
|
||||
|
||||
The below “while” command is a script which provides you with colored date and file till you interrupt (ctrl + c). Just copy and paste the below code in terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# while true; do echo "$(date '+%D %T' | toilet -f term -F border --gay)"; sleep 1; done
|
||||
|
||||
![Linux while command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/while.png)
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: The above script when modified with following command, will gives similar output but with a little difference, check it in your terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# while true; do clear; echo "$(date '+%D %T' | toilet -f term -F border --gay)"; sleep 1; done
|
||||
|
||||
### 14. Command: espeak ###
|
||||
|
||||
Just Turn the Knob of your multimedia speaker to full before pasting this command in your terminal and let us know how you felt listening the god’s voice.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install espeak ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install espeak
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install espeak
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# espeak "Tecmint is a very good website dedicated to Foss Community"
|
||||
|
||||
### 15. Command: aafire ###
|
||||
|
||||
How about fire in your terminal. Just type “**aafire**” in the terminal, without quotes and see the magic. Press any key to interrupt the program.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install aafire ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install libaa-bin
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# aafire
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/aafire.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 16. Command: bb ###
|
||||
|
||||
First install “**apt-get insatll bb**” and then, type “**bb**” in terminal and see what happens.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# bb
|
||||
|
||||
![bb command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/bb.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 17. Command: url ###
|
||||
|
||||
Won’t it be an awesome feeling for you if you can update you **twitter status** from command line in front of your friend and they seems impressed. OK just replace **username, password** and **your status message** with your’s **username, password** and “**your status message**“.
|
||||
|
||||
### 18. ASCIIquarium ###
|
||||
|
||||
How it will be to get an **aquarium** in terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install libcurses-perl
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cd /tmp
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/K/KB/KBAUCOM/Term-Animation-2.4.tar.gz
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# tar -zxvf Term-Animation-2.4.tar.gz
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cd Term-Animation-2.4/
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# perl Makefile.PL && make && make test
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# make install
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install ASCIIquarium ####
|
||||
|
||||
Now Download and Install **ASCIIquarium**.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cd /tmp
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# wget http://www.robobunny.com/projects/asciiquarium/asciiquarium.tar.gz
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# tar -zxvf asciiquarium.tar.gz
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cd asciiquarium_1.1/
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cp asciiquarium /usr/local/bin
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/asciiquarium
|
||||
|
||||
And finally run “**asciiquarium**” or “**/usr/local/bin/asciiquarium**“ in terminal without quotes and be a part of magic that will be taking place in front of your eyes.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# asciiquarium
|
||||
|
||||
![aquarium command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ascliquarium.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 19. Command: funny manpages ###
|
||||
|
||||
First install “**apt-get install funny-manpages**” and then run man pages for the commands below. Some of them may be **18+**, run at your own risk, they all are too funny.
|
||||
|
||||
baby
|
||||
celibacy
|
||||
condom
|
||||
date
|
||||
echo
|
||||
flame
|
||||
flog
|
||||
gong
|
||||
grope, egrope, fgrope
|
||||
party
|
||||
rescrog
|
||||
rm
|
||||
rtfm
|
||||
tm
|
||||
uubp
|
||||
woman (undocumented)
|
||||
xkill
|
||||
xlart
|
||||
sex
|
||||
strfry
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# man baby
|
||||
|
||||
### 20. Linux Tweaks ###
|
||||
|
||||
It is time for you to have some one liner **tweaks**.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# world
|
||||
|
||||
bash: world: not found
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# touch girls\ boo**
|
||||
|
||||
touch: cannot touch `girls boo**': Permission denied
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# nice man woman
|
||||
|
||||
No manual entry for woman
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# ^How did the sex change operation go?^
|
||||
|
||||
bash: :s^How did the sex change operation go?^ : substitution failed
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# %blow
|
||||
|
||||
bash: fg: %blow: no such job
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# make love
|
||||
|
||||
make: *** No rule to make target `love'. Stop.
|
||||
|
||||
$ [ whereis my brain?
|
||||
sh: 2: [: missing ]
|
||||
|
||||
% man: why did you get a divorce?
|
||||
man:: Too many arguments.
|
||||
|
||||
% !:say, what is saccharine?
|
||||
Bad substitute.
|
||||
|
||||
server@localhost:/srv$ \(-
|
||||
bash: (-: command not found
|
||||
|
||||
Linux is sexy: **who | grep -i blonde | date; cd ~; unzip; touch; strip; finger; mount; gasp; yes; uptime; umount; sleep** (If you know what i mean)
|
||||
|
||||
There are certain other but these don’t work on all the system and hence not included in this article. Some of them are man **dog , filter, banner**, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
Have fun, you can say me thanks later :) yup your comment is highly appreciated which encourages us write more. Tell us which command you liked the most. Stay tuned i will be back soon with another article worth reading.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/20-funny-commands-of-linux-or-linux-is-fun-in-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
|
||||
5 Command Line Tools for Downloading Files/Torrents and Browsing Websites
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Linux command-line, the most adventurous and fascinating part of GNU/Linux is very cool and powerful tool. Command line itself is very productive and the availability of various inbuilt and third party command line application makes Linux robust and powerful. The Linux Shell supports a variety of web application of various kind be it torrent downloader, dedicated downloader or Internet Surfing.
|
||||
|
||||
![5 Command Line Internet Tools](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Command-Line-Internet-Tools.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Here we are presenting **5 great command line Internet tools**, which are very useful and proves to be very handy.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. rTorrent ###
|
||||
|
||||
rTorrent is a text-based Torrent Client which is written in C++ aimed at high performance. It is available for most of the standard Linux Distributions including FreeBSD and Mac OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installation of rTorrent ####
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install rtorrent (on APT based System)
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install rtorrent (on YUM based System)
|
||||
|
||||
Check if rtorrent is installed correctly by running the following command in the terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
# rtorrent
|
||||
|
||||
![rTorrent Command Line Tool](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/rTorrent.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Functioning of rTorrent ####
|
||||
|
||||
Some of the useful Key-bindings and their use.
|
||||
|
||||
- **CTRL+ q** – Quit rTorrent Application
|
||||
- **CTRL+ s** – Start Download
|
||||
- **CTRL+ d** – Stop an active Download or Remove an already stopped Download.
|
||||
- **CTRL+ k** – Stop and Close an active Download.
|
||||
- **CTRL+ r** – Hash Check a torrent before Upload/Download Begins.
|
||||
- **CTRL+ q** – When this key combination is executed twice, rTorrent shutdown without sending a stop Signal.
|
||||
- **Left Arrow Key** – Redirect to Previous screen.
|
||||
- **Right Arrow Key** – Redirect to Next Screen
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Wget ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Wget**, is a part of GNU Project, the name is derived from World Wide Web (**WWW**). Wget is a brilliant tool which is useful for recursive download, offline viewing of **HTML** from local Server and is available for most of the platforms be it **Windows, Mac, Linux**. Wget makes it possible to download files over **HTTP, HTTPS** and **FTP**. Moreover it can be useful in mirroring the whole website as well as support for proxy browsing, pausing/resuming Downloads.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installation of Wget ####
|
||||
|
||||
**Wget** being a GNU project comes bundled with Most of the Standard Linux Distributions and there is no need to download and install it separately. If in-case, it’s not installed by default, you can still install it using **apt** or **yum**.
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install wget (on APT based System)
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install wget (on YUM based System)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Some Basic Usage of Wget ####
|
||||
|
||||
Download a single file using wget.
|
||||
|
||||
# wget http://www.website-name.com/file
|
||||
|
||||
Download a whole website, recursively.
|
||||
|
||||
# wget -r http://www.website-name.com
|
||||
|
||||
Download specific type of file (say pdf and png) from a website.
|
||||
|
||||
# wget -r -A png,pdf http://www.website-name.com
|
||||
|
||||
Wget is a wonderful tool which enables custom and filtered download even on limited resource Machine. A screen shot of wget download, where we are mirroring a website (**Yahoo.com**).
|
||||
|
||||
![Wget Command Line File Download](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Wget.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
For more such wget download examples, read our article that shows [10 Wget Download Command Examples][1].
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. cURL ###
|
||||
|
||||
**cURL** is a command line tool for transferring data over a number of protocols. cURL is a client side application which support protocols like **FTP, HTTP, FTPS, TFTP, TELNET, IMAP, POP3,** etc. cURL is a simple downloader which is different from wget in supporting **LDAP, POP3** as compared to others. Moreover Proxy Downloading, pausing download, resuming download are well supported in cURL.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installation of cURL ####
|
||||
|
||||
By default cURL is available in most of the distribution either in repository or installed. if it’s not installed, just do a **apt** or **yum** to get a required package from the repository.
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install curl (on APT based System)
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install curl (on YUM based System)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Basic Usage of cURL ####
|
||||
|
||||
# curl www.tecmint.com
|
||||
|
||||
![Curl Data Download](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Curl.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
![Curl Download](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Curl-2.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. w3m ###
|
||||
|
||||
The w3m is a text based web browser released under GPL. W3m support tables, frames, color, SSL connection and inline images. W3m is known for fast browsing.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installation of w3m ####
|
||||
|
||||
Again w3m is available by default in most of the Linux Distribution. If incase, it is not available you can always **apt** or **yum** the required package.
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install w3m (on APT based System)
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install w3m (on YUM based System)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Basic Usage of w3m ####
|
||||
|
||||
# w3m www.tecmint.com
|
||||
|
||||
![w3m Text Based Web Browser](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/w3m.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Elinks ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Elinks** is a free text-based web browser for Unix and Unix based System. Elinks support **HTTP**, **HTTP Cookies** and also support browsing script in **Perl** and **Ruby**. Tab based browsing is well supported. The best thing is that it supports Mouse, Display Colours and support a number of Protocols like **HTTP, FTP, SMB, Ipv4** and **Ipv6**.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installation of Elinks ####
|
||||
|
||||
By default elinks also available in most of the Linux distributions. If not, install it via **apt** or **yum**.
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install elinks (on APT based System)
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install elinks (on YUM based System)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Basic Usage of Elinks ####
|
||||
|
||||
# elinks www.tecmint.com
|
||||
|
||||
![Elinks Command Line Web Browsing](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Elinks.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/command-line-tools-for-downloading-file-and-browsing-websites/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/
|
@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
|
||||
Glances – An Advanced Real Time System Monitoring Tool for Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Earlier, we’ve written about many Linux [System Monitor Tools][1] that can be used to monitor performance of Linux systems, but we think that, most users prefer the default one that comes with every Linux distributions (**top** command).
|
||||
|
||||
The [top command][2] is real time task manager in Linux and the most frequently used system monitoring tool in **GNU/Linux** distributions to find the performance related bottlenecks in system which help us to take corrective actions. It has a nice minimalist interface, comes with few amount of reasonable options that enables us to get a better idea about overall system performance quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
However, sometimes its very tricky to find an application/process that consuming lots of system resources is a bit difficult under top. Because top command doesn’t have a ability to highlights programs that are eating too much of **CPU**, **RAM**, other resources.
|
||||
|
||||
For keeping such approach, here we are bringing a powerful system monitor program called “**Glances**” that automatically highlights programs that are utilizing highest system resources and providing maximum of information about Linux/Unix server.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is Glances? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Glances** is a cross-platform command-line curses-based system monitoring tool written in **Python** language which use the **psutil** library to grab informations from the system. With Glance, we can monitor **CPU, Load Average, Memory, Network Interfaces, Disk I/O, Processes** and **File System** spaces utilization.
|
||||
|
||||
Glances is a free tool and licensed under **GPL** to monitory **GNU/Linux** and **FreeBSD** operating systems. There are lots of interesting options available in Glances as well. One of the main features we have seen in Glances is that we can set thresholds (**careful**, **warning** and **critical**) in configuration file and informations will be shown in colors which indicates the bottleneck in the system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Glances Features ###
|
||||
|
||||
- CPU Informations (user related applications, system core programs and idle programs.
|
||||
- Total memory Information including RAM, Swap, Free memory etc.
|
||||
- The average CPU load for the past 1min, 5mins and 15 mins.
|
||||
- Network Download/Upload rates of network connections.
|
||||
- Total number of processes, active ones, sleeping processes etc.
|
||||
- Disk I/O related (read or write) speed details
|
||||
- Currently mounted devices disk usages.
|
||||
- Top processes with their CPU/Memory usages, Names and location of application.
|
||||
- Shows the current date and time at bottom.
|
||||
- Highlights processes in Red that consumes highest system resources.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is an example screen grab of Glances.
|
||||
|
||||
![Glances View](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Glances-Monitoring.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation of Glances in Linux/Unix Systems ###
|
||||
|
||||
Although it’s a very young utility, you can install “**Glances**” in **Red Hat** based systems by turning on [EPEL repository][3] and then run the following command on the terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
#### On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora ####
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install -y glances
|
||||
|
||||
#### On Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint ####
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:arnaud-hartmann/glances-stable
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install glances
|
||||
|
||||
### Usage of Glances ###
|
||||
|
||||
To start, issue the basic syntax on the terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
# glances
|
||||
|
||||
![Glances Preview – Ubuntu 13.10](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Glances-Screen.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
Press ‘**q**‘ or (‘**ESC**‘ or ‘**Ctrl&C**‘ also works) to quit from Glances terminal. Here, is the another screen grab taken from the **CentOS 6.5** system.
|
||||
|
||||
![Glances Preview – CentOS 6.5](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Glances-Screen-Centos.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
y default, interval time is set to ’**1**‘ second. But you can define the custom interval time while running glances from the terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
# glances -t 2
|
||||
|
||||
### Glances Color Codes ###
|
||||
|
||||
Meaning of Glances color code:
|
||||
|
||||
- GREEN: OK (everything is fine)
|
||||
- BLUE: CAREFUL (need attention)
|
||||
- VIOLET: WARNING (alert)
|
||||
- RED: CRITICAL (critical)
|
||||
|
||||
We can set thresholds in configuration file. By default thresholds set is (**careful=50, warning=7**0 and **critical=90**), we can customized as per our needs. The default configuration file is located at ‘**/etc/glances/glances.conf**’.
|
||||
|
||||
### Glances Options ###
|
||||
|
||||
Besides, several command line options, glances provides many more **hot keys** to find output information while glances is running. Below are the list of several hot keys.
|
||||
|
||||
- a – Sort processes automatically
|
||||
- c – Sort processes by CPU%
|
||||
- m – Sort processes by MEM%
|
||||
- p – Sort processes by name
|
||||
- i – Sort processes by I/O rate
|
||||
- d – Show/hide disk I/O stats ols
|
||||
- f – Show/hide file system statshddtemp
|
||||
- n – Show/hide network stats
|
||||
- s – Show/hide sensors stats
|
||||
- y – Show/hide hddtemp stats
|
||||
- l – Show/hide logs
|
||||
- b – Bytes or bits for network I/Oools
|
||||
- w – Delete warning logs
|
||||
- x – Delete warning and critical logs
|
||||
- x – Delete warning and critical logs
|
||||
- 1 – Global CPU or per-CPU stats
|
||||
- h – Show/hide this help screen
|
||||
- t – View network I/O as combination
|
||||
- u – View cumulative network I/O
|
||||
- q – Quit (Esc and Ctrl-C also work)
|
||||
|
||||
### Use Glances on Remote Systems ###
|
||||
|
||||
With the Glances, you can even monitor remote systems too. To use ‘**glances**‘ on remote systems, run the ‘**glances -s**‘ (-s enables server/client mode) command on the server.
|
||||
|
||||
# glances -s
|
||||
|
||||
Define the password for the Glances server
|
||||
Password:
|
||||
Password (confirm):
|
||||
Glances server is running on 0.0.0.0:61209
|
||||
|
||||
**Note** : Once, you issue ‘**glances**‘ command, it will prompt you to define the password for the Glances server. Define the password and hit enter, you see glances running on port **61209**.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, go to the remote host and execute the following command to connect to a Glances server by specifying IP address or hostname as shown below. Here ‘**172.16.27.56**‘ is my glances server IP Address.
|
||||
|
||||
# glances -c -P 172.16.27.56
|
||||
|
||||
Below are few notable points that user must know while using glances in server/client mode.
|
||||
|
||||
* In server mode, you can set the bind address -B ADDRESS and listening TCP port -p PORT.
|
||||
* In client mode, you can set the TCP port of the server -p PORT.
|
||||
* Default binding address is 0.0.0.0, but it listens on all network interfaces at port 61209.
|
||||
* In server/client mode, limits are set by the server side.
|
||||
* You can also define a password to access to the server -P password.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Glances** is a much resources friendly tool for most users. But if you’re a system administrator who’d like to quickly get overall “idea” about systems by just glancing at command line, then this tool will be must have tool for system administrators.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/glances-an-advanced-real-time-system-monitoring-tool-for-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/command-line-tools-to-monitor-linux-performance/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/12-top-command-examples-in-linux/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/how-to-enable-epel-repository-for-rhel-centos-6-5/
|
@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Translating by Hao-Ding
|
||||
|
||||
Hardware, software, standards
|
||||
=============================
|
||||
|
||||
The idea behind Coova is simple: to provide you with the open (and free) tools and services you need to manage and access your WiFi network, just the way you want to. Our philosophy is that you shouldn't be required to use any specific hardware (like [FON][1] or [Meraki][2]) or software (like [Whisher][3]). From the ground up, Coova is about being open and standards based - compatible with the widest possible range of hardware, protocols, and services. It's about bringing ["Carrier" grade][4] features and services to the open-source/services world. It's also about making dumb routers a bit smarter - recycling is good, right?
|
||||
|
||||
With Coova, you can pick and choose the software and services you need - depending on the kind of network you are building and how you want to access it. Here are some typical uses of Coova technologies:
|
||||
|
||||
#### Use [CoovaAP][5] for easy configuration of [CoovaChilli][6] (or [WiFiDog][7]):
|
||||
|
||||
* with or without using CoovaAAA services,
|
||||
* using RADIUS or locally defined users,
|
||||
* using the customizable "Internal" captive portal, or
|
||||
* configured to use your own portal or RADIUS service.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Use [CoovaChilli][6] either in [CoovaAP][5] or in your own firmware or server to:
|
||||
* enforce a captive portal and authentication using CoovaAAA or any other portal/RADIUS service,
|
||||
* works with a variety of commercial services (ask your provider),
|
||||
* integrate with 802.1X authentication to provide accounting and access limitations.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Use [CoovaAAA][8] to manage the access to your network:
|
||||
* with a CoovaChilli/AP captive portal,
|
||||
* using a patched WiFiDog captive portal,
|
||||
* using [your own captive portal][9] (no advanced programming needed),
|
||||
* using our Facebook or standard captive portal applications,
|
||||
* using a commercial access controller (like Colubris), or
|
||||
* using any router supporting WPA Enterprise/802.1X (like the AirPort Extreme).
|
||||
|
||||
#### Use and share your [CoovaAAA][8] controlled network:
|
||||
* using one account to login to both your captive portal and your secure WPA Enterprise networks (using any device supporting 802.1X, like your laptop or Nokia phone),
|
||||
* using your account at any [CoovaAAA][8] location that is being shared with you,
|
||||
* selectively share your network with only those you choose - individuals or entire realms, or
|
||||
* share your network based on [OpenID][10] logins or Facebook fans/friends.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Use [CoovaFX][11] and [CoovaSX][12] in Firefox or your phone, respectively, to login past a captive portal using the WISPr standard and a pre-configured account - WISPr is supported by CoovaAAA and most commercial access controllers and service providers.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Use [JRadius][13] to program your own RADIUS provisioning logic for your network.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are building a WiFi network and haven't found anything on this site that can help you, you probably haven't looked hard enough. Though, it has been said, and we do acknowledge, that more documentation is needed. For this, we call out to the development and user community to help out in the Wiki , [forums][14], and [mailing lists][15]. Note: In the Wiki, we do lock pages to prevent SPAM - either create a new page or ask for more permissions on one of the mailing lists.
|
||||
|
||||
We are also hoping to hear more about how and where you are using Coova! In fact, a friend of mine was recently vacationing in the Dominican Republic and was pleasantly surprised to find a Coova signal at the Hotel. They were using CoovaAP for their WiFi. Stories like this are terrific -- lets get them in the forum!
|
||||
|
||||
-------------------------------------------
|
||||
via: http://coova.org/node/133
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Akagi201](https://github.com/Akagi201) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]: https://corp.fon.com/en
|
||||
[2]: https://meraki.cisco.com/
|
||||
[3]: http://www.whisher.com/
|
||||
[4]: https://meraki.cisco.com/blog/2008/04/new-carrier-services/
|
||||
[5]: http://coova.org/CoovaAP
|
||||
[6]: http://coova.org/CoovaChilli
|
||||
[7]: http://dev.wifidog.org/
|
||||
[8]: http://coova.org/CoovaAAA
|
||||
[9]: http://coova.org/node/80
|
||||
[10]: http://coova.org/node/71
|
||||
[11]: http://www.coova.com/CoovaFX
|
||||
[12]: http://www.coova.com/CoovaSX
|
||||
[13]: http://coova.org/JRadius
|
||||
[14]: http://coova.org/forum/
|
||||
[15]: http://coova.org/MailingLists
|
44
sources/How To Block A Website In Ubuntu.md
Normal file
44
sources/How To Block A Website In Ubuntu.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
||||
乌龙茶占坑
|
||||
How To Block A Website In Ubuntu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/block-websites.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Dear **ubuntu** geeks,
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial I will teach you how to block unwanted websites in Ubuntu Linux by editing the **/etc/hosts** file which is used to handle DNS and internet on Linux based systems.
|
||||
|
||||
I like very much this method because I don’t need to rely on third party applications and it is extremely easy to use. All you need to do is to make a simple change in the **/etc/hosts** file.
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure to have superuser access on the machine you are using this method, because the **/etc/hosts** file is owned by the root user and so it cannot not be edited by everyone.
|
||||
|
||||
What do you need to edit the **/etc/hosts** file?
|
||||
|
||||
root permissions and a text editor.
|
||||
|
||||
For this tutorial I will use my favourite text editor, vim. Ok guys, open a new terminal (**CTRL+ALT+T**) and run the following command to open the /etc/hosts file for editing.
|
||||
|
||||
vim /etc/hosts
|
||||
|
||||
Then add the following line.
|
||||
|
||||
127.0.0.1 domain.com
|
||||
|
||||
Replace the domain.com with the website you want to block and after you have finished the editing process, save the file and quit.
|
||||
|
||||
Now it is time to test if the method has worked or not. Try to access the website you blocked.
|
||||
|
||||
My cousin is addicted to the facebook social network so every time he find my laptop, he opens it and goes to facebook.com to chat with his friends.
|
||||
|
||||
What should I do?
|
||||
|
||||
I edit the **/etc/hosts** file and act like the website he is trying to reach is down.
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use this method to protect kids from adult content on the internet such as porn and horror movies.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/block-website-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
|
||||
zpl1025 translating
|
||||
How To Mount iPhone Or iPad With iOS 7 In Ubuntu 13.10
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
I got an iPhone 5 with iOS 7 couple of months back. I tried to connect iPhone or iPad with Linux (Ubuntu and Linux Mint), it was recognized and it asked me whether I “trust this computer”?
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ios7-trust_this_computer1.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
And I said “I do” and tapped on Trust. After a flash of seconds it asked me again if I “trust this computer”? And I tapped Trust again. And then it asked the same question, I felt like it got trapped in a while(true) loop. While at Ubuntu, it showed me that my iPhone was locked and I could not access any files on it:
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/iPhone_issue_with_Ubuntu.png)
|
||||
|
||||
After some searching I came to know that this **infinite loop of trust this computer with iOS 7 in Linux** is a known [bug][1].
|
||||
|
||||
This actually is a [new security feature in iOS 7][2] which aims to tackle the issue of fake iPhone chargers. So, what is the solution here? Is there a way to **fix “trust this computer” with iOS 7 in Linux**? [libimobiledevice][3] library is is expected to fix this issue in version 1.1.6 but there is no expected availability date for the stable version.
|
||||
|
||||
Don’t be disheartened, you can still use the unstable version of libimobiledevice and connect your iPhone to Ubuntu easily. Let me show you how can you mount iPhone in Ubuntu 13.10 or Linux Mint 16 without getting in the pitfall of “trust this computer”.
|
||||
|
||||
### Fix trust this computer issue with iOS 7 in Ubuntu 12.04: ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you are using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS be it 32 bit or 64 bit or Linux Mint 13 Maya, you can add the following PPA by [Ingo Haschler][4]:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ingo/ios7support
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
This will upgrade the libimobiledevice (already installed on the system) to unstable version 1.6. Reboot your computer and try to connect iPhone with Ubuntu again. It should work now.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Note: ####
|
||||
|
||||
If you get “lock down error”, try using the following commands:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo mkdir /var/lib/lockdown
|
||||
sudo chmod 777 /va7Lib/lockdown
|
||||
|
||||
### Fix trust this computer issue with iOS 7 in Ubuntu 13.10: ###
|
||||
|
||||
For seasoned Linux users, you can get the source code from the [GitHub][5] and compile it. For **Ubuntu 13.10 64 bit** and **Linux Mint 16 64 bit** users, there is a Debian package compiled for you by [Iuri Diniz][6]. You can download and install this .deb package to easily mount iPhone on Ubuntu 13.10 64 bit.
|
||||
|
||||
- [libimobiledevice 1.6 for Ubuntu 13.10 & Linux Mint 16 64 bit][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Double click on the downloaded .deb file to install it. Note that Ubuntu and Linux Mint comes with libimobiledevice library pre-installed in it. This is why you would see an option of upgrading the libimobiledevice rather than installing it.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/install_libimobiledevice_Ubuntu.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
Once installed, your iPhone or iPad should be mounted without any troubles. Here is a screenshot of my iPhone mounted in Ubuntu 13.10.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/iPhone_Ubuntu_Linux.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
I could access the files, transfer the files from Ubuntu to iPhone. It was recognized by Rythembox for synchronizing also. It is not the first time I had issues with connecting my mobile device with Ubuntu. Last, I had written on [how to connect Kindle Fire HD with Ubuntu][8].
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this quick tutorial solves the infinite loop of ‘trust this computer’ problem with iPhone and Ubuntu for you as well. Let me know if it worked for you or if you are still facing issues to mount iPhone with Ubuntu Linux. Ciao ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via:
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1207812
|
||||
[2]:http://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/apple-fixes-threat-from-fake-iphone-chargers-in-ios-7
|
||||
[3]:http://www.libimobiledevice.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://launchpad.net/~ingo
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/libimobiledevice/libimobiledevice
|
||||
[6]:https://launchpad.net/~iuridiniz
|
||||
[7]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libimobiledevice/+bug/1207812/+attachment/3941542/+files/libimobiledevice4_1.1.6-git20140105_amd64.deb
|
||||
[8]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-connect-kindle-fire-hd-with-ubuntu-12-10/
|
@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to convert an HTML web page to PNG image on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
One of the easiest way to screen capture a particular web page as a PNG image is by using [CutyCapt][1], which is a convenient command line Linux tool for converting any HTML webpage to a variety of vector and bitmat image formats (e.g., SVG, PDF, PS, PNG, JPEG, TIFF, GIF). Internally, CutyCapt uses WebKit rendering engine to export webpage rendering output to an image file. Built with Qt, CutyCapt is actually a cross-platform application available for other platforms such as Windows as well.
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial, I will describe how to **convert an HTML web page to PNG image format using CutyCapt**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install CutyCapt on Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
Here are distro-specific instructions to install CutyCapt on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
**Install CutyCapt on Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint**
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install cutycapt
|
||||
|
||||
**Install CutyCapt on Fedora**
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install subversion qt-devel qtwebkit-devel gcc-c++ make
|
||||
$ svn co svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/cutycapt/code/ cutycapt
|
||||
$ cd cutycapt/CutyCapt
|
||||
|
||||
Before compilation on Fedora, you need to [patch][2] source code.
|
||||
|
||||
Open CutyCapt.hpp with a text editor, and add the following two lines at the beginning of the file.
|
||||
|
||||
#include <QNetworkReply>
|
||||
#include <QSslError>
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, compile and install CutyCapt as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
$ qmake-qt4
|
||||
$ make
|
||||
$ sudo cp CutyCapt /usr/local/bin/cutycapt
|
||||
|
||||
### Install CutyCapt on CentOS or RHEL ###
|
||||
|
||||
First [enable EPEL repository][3] on your Linux. Then follow the same procedure as in Fedora to build and install CutyCapt.
|
||||
|
||||
### Convert HTML to PNG with CutyCapt ###
|
||||
|
||||
To take a screenshot of an HTML page as a PNG image, simply run CutyCapt in the following format.
|
||||
|
||||
$ cutycapt --url=http://www.cnn.com --out=cnn.png
|
||||
|
||||
To save an HTML page to a different format (e.g., PDF), simply specify the output file appropriately.
|
||||
|
||||
$ cutycapt --url=http://www.cnn.com --out=cnn.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
The following shows command-line options of cutycapt.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2811/12542271814_3c2563d405_z.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
### Convert HTML to PNG with CutyCapt on a Headless Server ###
|
||||
|
||||
While CutyCapt is a CLI tool, it requires an X server running. If you attempt to run CutyCapt on a headless server, you will get the error:
|
||||
|
||||
cutycapt: cannot connect to X server :0
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to run CutyCapt on a headless server without X windows, you can set up Xvfb (lightweight "fake" X11 server) on the server, so that CutyCapt does not complain.
|
||||
|
||||
To install Xvfb on Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install xvfb
|
||||
|
||||
To install Xvfb on Fedora, CentOS or RHEL:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install xvfb
|
||||
|
||||
After installing Xvfb, proceed to run CutyCapt as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
$ xvfb-run --server-args="-screen 0, 1280x1200x24" cutycapt --url=http://www.cnn.com --out=cnn.png
|
||||
|
||||
It will launch Xvfb server first, and then use CutyCapt to screen capture the webpage. So it may take longer. If you want to make multiple screenshots, you may want to start Xvfb server as a background daemon beforehand.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/02/convert-html-web-page-png-image-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://cutycapt.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/hoehrmann/CutyCapt/issues/3
|
||||
[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
55
sources/Linux Basics--Analyze Disk Usage In Ubuntu Linux.md
Normal file
55
sources/Linux Basics--Analyze Disk Usage In Ubuntu Linux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
|
||||
Linux Basics: Analyze Disk Usage In Ubuntu Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Dear **linux** geeks,
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial I will teach you how to analyze disk usage in Ubuntu. Taking care of the hard disk of your machine and running the proper analysis on it is very important to make sure that your system is healthy and that it will run in a very smooth way. To do this, we will use a nice graphical tool called **Baobab**.
|
||||
|
||||
Before going any further I must say that it is a very easy to use tool with many features and I am very sure it will meet your requirements. Baobab was part of gnome-utils, but has been standing as a standalone application since Gnome 3.4. By using this disk analyzer tool you can easily scan the home folder, filesystem and local or remote folders.
|
||||
|
||||
Everything is done with only a click! Do you like to stop the scanning process? Cool, just hit the **Stop scanning** button available on the top of the baobab’s user interface.
|
||||
|
||||
I like the simplicity of this tool and the fact that it can graphically represent data in a ring chart or a treemap chart. Now, how about installing and using it in your own machine?
|
||||
|
||||
As far as I know it should come installed by default in Ubuntu, but if not, open a new terminal (**CTRL+ALT+T**) and run the following command to install it.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install baobab
|
||||
|
||||
After the installation is finished go to **Applications, System Tools, Disk Usage Analyzer** or launch baobab directly from the terminal by running the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
baobab
|
||||
|
||||
The following picture shows how it should look like when launched in your system.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/baobab1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Scan the Home folder by clicking on **Scan Home** or go to Analyzer and select Scan Home Folder option. The tool will do evrything so wait until the scan is finished and enjoy the results.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/baobab2.png)
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see from the above picture the baobab’s scan gives me information about the Usage of every folder in Home directory, the size and the number of items it contains. The left side shows the graphical representation as a ring chart. But if you like you can easily change it and switch to treemap chart, by selecting **View as Treemap Chart**.
|
||||
|
||||
The following picture shows an example where I am using the treemap chart representation instead of the default one, the ring chart.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/baobab3.png)
|
||||
|
||||
To scan the filesystem go to **Analyzer** and select Scan Filesystem, or if you are lazy like go for the smart way, hit **CTRL+F** on your keyboard.
|
||||
|
||||
Both ways work and do the same job, it is up to you which one you like to use. Shortcuts are very useful, practical and they save alot of time, but it is hard to memorize them all when you don’t use the tool everyday.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/baobab4.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Now, how about scanning a folder? It is very easy, go under Analyzer, select Scan A Folder and select the folder you want to scan, or hit **CTRL+O**. Is there an easier way? Yes it is! Can you see the Scan a Folder button? Just click it and the scan on the specified folder will begin.
|
||||
|
||||
The following picture shows the results of my python-nmap-0.1.4 folder scanning. I get very useful information presented in a beautiful and simple way.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/baobab5.png)
|
||||
|
||||
You learned to scan the Home folder, the Filesystem and Folders. There is a very important feature about this tool that you don’t know yet, but I am sure you will find it yourself. Do you have any remote folder that you want to scan? Think about it.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-analyze-disk-usage-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
|
||||
翻译ing Luoxcat
|
||||
Linux touch command - Why do we need to change Timestamp?
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
We may use touch command in Linux to create an empty file. Of course we can use another command such as vi, nano or any editing tools to do it. But you may need more steps do it. But do know it that the main function of touch command is not create an empty file?
|
||||
|
||||
### What is touch command ###
|
||||
|
||||
As we know, every file has timestamp attached to it. This time stamp is access time and modification time. Touch command is a command for file access and modification time.
|
||||
|
||||
### Why we need touch ###
|
||||
|
||||
Since touch command description is to change timestamp, we may wonder why do we need to change timestamp? This question also comes to our mind. But then, we think there is a reason why we need it. If you are participating in open source projects over sea, then timestamp may become important. Compiling a source code files may need a same region of timestamp. If not, the program may failed to compiled.
|
||||
|
||||
### Run touch without options ###
|
||||
|
||||
To use touch command is quite simple. Just type :
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch file_name
|
||||
|
||||
Please take a look a screenshot below.
|
||||
|
||||
![Touch command](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch.png)
|
||||
|
||||
**File_1.txt** originally has timestamp 12:42. After we do touch command, it changed to 17:08. By default, touch will change the file timestamp into current time.
|
||||
|
||||
### Change only Access time ###
|
||||
|
||||
As we mention before that every file has Access time and Modify time attached to the file. File_1.txt above has timestamp 17:08. We can see more detail about it.
|
||||
|
||||
![Detail timestamp](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_stat.png)
|
||||
|
||||
We see that **Access** time and **Modify** time has the same value which is 17:08:35 and the timezone is GMT +7.
|
||||
|
||||
Now if we want to change only the Access time, we need to use **-a** option.
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -a file_1.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Touch -a option](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_a.png)
|
||||
|
||||
As you see, the **Access time is changed** into 17:51:37 but the **Change time is still** 17:08:35
|
||||
|
||||
### Change only Modify time ###
|
||||
|
||||
To do this, we can use **-m** option. Now we will use **file_2.txt** as an example.
|
||||
|
||||
![File_2.txt detail timestamp](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_stat_file_2.png)
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -m file_2.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Touch -m option](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_m.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Now the **Modify time is change from 12:42:20 to 17:57:20. Please note**, that the Change field value will always keep record when the file is accessed or modified.
|
||||
|
||||
### Change into custom timestamp ###
|
||||
|
||||
Both -**a and -m** option will change the file timestamp into current time. We can also possible to change it into custom timestamp. To do this, use **-t** option.
|
||||
|
||||
From file_2.txt above example, we knew that its time stamp are :
|
||||
|
||||
12:42:20 for Access time
|
||||
17:57:20 for Modify time
|
||||
2014-01-14 for the date
|
||||
|
||||
Let say we want to change it into **09:58:27** for **both Access time and Modify time and 12 January 2014**. To do this, we can use this command :
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -t 201401120958.27 file_2.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Touch using -t option](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_t.png)
|
||||
|
||||
**-t** option is consist of :
|
||||
|
||||
#### [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm [.SS] ####
|
||||
|
||||
CC - The first two digits of the year
|
||||
YY - The second two digits of the year
|
||||
MM - The month of the year [01-12]
|
||||
DD - The day of the month [01-31]
|
||||
hh - The hour of the day [00-23]
|
||||
mm - The minute of the hour [00-59]
|
||||
SS - The second of the minute [00-61]
|
||||
|
||||
### Another way to change date and time ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you feel that the **[[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm [.SS]** format is not comfortable for you, we can use -d option. Here’s an example how to use **-d** option.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Change the date to specific date ####
|
||||
|
||||
For example we have file named file_3.txt with attributes as shown in the picture below.
|
||||
|
||||
![File_3.txt detail timestamp](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/stat_file_3.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Now **we want to change the date** from 14 January 2014 to 10 December 2013. We can use with this command :
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -d ‘10-December-2013’ file_3.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Change date using -d option](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_d_date.png)
|
||||
|
||||
We see now that the date for Access and Modify entries is changed into 10 December 2013.
|
||||
|
||||
### Change the timezone ###
|
||||
|
||||
If we want to change it into time in specific GMT, we can also use with **-d** option. Let’s return the file_3.txt into the current time.
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch file_3.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Reset file_3.txt timestamp](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_return_file_3.png)
|
||||
|
||||
We can see that file_3.txt has GMT +0700 timezone. To change it into GMT3 timezone, we can use this command.
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -d GMT3 file_3.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Change into GMT3 timezone](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_gmt3.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Now the time is change into 10:00:00 AM
|
||||
|
||||
### Combining values using -d option ###
|
||||
|
||||
There is something cool using **-d** option. Please take a look at the picture below.
|
||||
|
||||
![Change date using keyword](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_next_sunday.png)
|
||||
|
||||
We can use the word ‘**next Sunday**’ and combine it with GMT 3 values, and touch command can still recognize it. The date is changed into 21 January 2014, where the current date is 14 January 2014.
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s another example of **-d** option.
|
||||
First, we reset file_3.txt into current date and time.
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch file_3.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Reset file_3.txt timestamp](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_reset_file_3.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Then we do this command :
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -d ‘1 year ago 13:43:07’ file_3.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Change date using keyword](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_d_year_ago.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Touch even recognize a word ‘**1 year ago**’. The date and time is now changed into 14 January 2013 and 13:43:07 time.
|
||||
|
||||
### Create an empty file ###
|
||||
|
||||
When you run touch command and the destination file is not exist, then touch will create an empty file with the same name.
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch file_10.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Create an empty file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_file_10.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### Create multiple files at the same time ###
|
||||
|
||||
To create multiple files, you can put the file names separated by space.
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch doc_10.txt doc_20.txt doc_30.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Create multiple files](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_multiple_files.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
Touch will useful for you if you are dealing with a timestamp of files and directories. As usual you can always type **man touch** or **touch --help** to display its manual page to explore more detail.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-touch-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[翻译中] by KayGuoWhu
|
||||
Mark Shuttleworth interview: Taking Ubuntu beyond desktops
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
He may have stepped back from the CEO role at Canonical, but Mark Shuttleworth is still very much the public face of Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
He suffered a setback earlier this year when the crowdfunded Ubuntu Edge project – in which he invested a lot of personal capital, if not actual money – failed to get anywhere near its ambitious investment target. However, he tells us the project wasn’t a total failure, and may even be aped by the best-known smartphone maker of them all.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q. How long will Ubuntu remain primarily focused on the desktop? ####
|
||||
|
||||
**A.** If you look at the design work we’ve done across desktops, phones and tablets, we’ve done it specifically so we can converge them into one codebase. The mobile code we’re working on now is also the future desktop codebase: your phone can give you a desktop, since it has all the desktop code sitting on it.
|
||||
|
||||
> The mobile code we’re working on now is also the future desktop codebase
|
||||
|
||||
The actual convergence will happen some time during the next major cycle – it won’t be in 14.04, but it could be in 14.10 or 15.04. We believe we’ll be able to deliver that before Microsoft manages to converge Windows on mobile and PC, which the company has said is its goal from a design and development perspective.
|
||||
|
||||
Once we’ve converged those, there’s a question about whether the six-month release cycles make as much sense. Phone and tablet users are used to the idea that the phone just updates itself whenever, so maybe we’ll soften up on the six-month thing and release updates all the time.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q. With Android and iOS so well established, how will you encourage developers to produce apps for Ubuntu? ####
|
||||
|
||||
**A.** That’s the key question. Ubuntu is the number-one platform for all kinds of [cloud computing][1] – Instagram is all Ubuntu, for example, and the back-end of many of the games and services that people run on their mobile devices runs on Ubuntu in the cloud. So, on that side we feel very much the strong incumbent.
|
||||
|
||||
I think the key difference between us and Windows 8 is that we’re based on Linux, just like Android. That means web apps and native apps designed for Android are much closer to being on Ubuntu than they are to being on Windows. Many Android developers use Ubuntu, and develop their apps on Ubuntu, so it’s much easier for them to target that simultaneously.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q. Do you have any hardware partners lined up to make Ubuntu phones and tablets? ####
|
||||
|
||||
**A.** We’ve seen test devices by a series of household brands. All those companies have internal teams looking at their future options. It’s very difficult to influence them; they decide what they think is interesting for themselves.
|
||||
|
||||
But we’ve seen a number of them take cutting-edge devices and put on Ubuntu. Since we’re also Linux, it’s relatively easy for them to do that if they have Android devices in the pipeline. It’s a very strong signal of interest that they’re independently putting Ubuntu on devices and showing it to carriers.
|
||||
|
||||
The core story is that we don’t have any announced partners, but we’re comfortable that the industry is taking a good, hard look at Ubuntu, and investing the time and money needed to do that properly.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q. Were you disappointed that the Ubuntu Edge didn’t get funding? ####
|
||||
|
||||
**A.** I was very, very disappointed that we weren’t able to turn it into reality. I continue to get mail from people who say “I supported the Edge and I’m disappointed it didn’t happen”. But I was blown away by the level of support that we did achieve. For us to get a device out would be a huge undertaking, but if you consider an existing phone manufacturer, they could do something like the Edge with a lower [funding] threshold.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, we’ve seen an uptick in interest in convergence. People are saying, “yes, mobile processors are catching up with the desktop”. When Apple announced the next-generation iPhone [5s], it called the processor “desktop-class”, and I don’t think that was an accident.
|
||||
|
||||
It was a rare occasion where perhaps the company gloated prematurely, and sent what we think is a very clear signal that it will converge the iPhone and the MacBook Air. There’s no point talking about the desktop performance of your CPU unless you plan to make a desktop device with that CPU.
|
||||
|
||||
So, while I was disappointed that we didn’t make the Edge, I’m convinced the idea is going to get made. Our focus will be on having the best software stack for a converged world.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q. What smartphone do you use on a personal basis? ####
|
||||
|
||||
**A.** I have Ubuntu running on my own smartphone – it’s a Nexus, and I’ve replaced Android. I also have a collection of devices running everything: Windows Phone, iOS and Android. It helps me stay in touch with what users expect.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q. What’s the state of play with Ubuntu TV? It was announced in 2012 but things have gone quiet since then. ####
|
||||
|
||||
**A.** Ubuntu TV has been folded into the mobile codebase. We’re now working on production. It might be phone in this release, tablet in the next release and, ultimately, everything converged. We’ll have one codebase that will be the Ubuntu experience across all those different form factors.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/interviews/386080/mark-shuttleworth-interview-taking-ubuntu-beyond-desktops
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.cloudpro.co.uk/
|
@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu will beat Microsoft in the race to Unified OS
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ubuntu-tv-pc-smartphone-tablet.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical has been developing an unified OS in form of Ubuntu that can run across different devices without the need of different versions for different platforms i.e a single Ubuntu iso downloaded from [Ubuntu.com][1] can be used on the desktops, mobiles, tablets and TV’s.
|
||||
|
||||
Some time back there were rumors of Microsoft doing the same thing, they are going to eliminate the ill-received Windows RT and unify Windows to run across different platforms.
|
||||
|
||||
They already have a unified UI running across different platforms called Metro which resulted in a lot of heat but for the Operating systems there are two different versions as in two different Operating Systems. It creates a lot of confusion and compatibility issues as Windows RT is developed specifically for 32-bit ARM processors.
|
||||
|
||||
In an interview Shuttleworth told [PcPro][2] that Canonical may be able to deliver a true Mobile/Desktop OS ahead of Microsoft.
|
||||
|
||||
> The actual convergence will happen some time during the next major cycle – it won’t be in 14.04, but it could be in 14.10 or 15.04. We believe we’ll be able to deliver that before Microsoft manages to converge Windows on mobile and PC, which the company has said is its goal from a design and development perspective.
|
||||
|
||||
When asked if well established players like Android or slowly but steadily increasing Windows can be a threat to Canonical’s future ambitions, Shuttleworth said
|
||||
|
||||
> I think the key difference between us and Windows 8 is that we’re based on Linux, just like Android. That means web apps and native apps designed for Android are much closer to being on Ubuntu than they are to being on Windows. Many Android developers use Ubuntu, and develop their apps on Ubuntu, so it’s much easier for them to target that simultaneously.
|
||||
|
||||
Shuttleworth didn’t confirm any official hardware partners but he did confirmed that they are aware of several “household brands” testing the OS internally on “cutting-edge devices”.
|
||||
|
||||
Shuttleworth has also strongly hinted that Canonical can end the six month release cycle in favour of Realtime Updates.
|
||||
|
||||
> Once we’ve converged those, there’s a question about whether the six-month release cycles make as much sense. Phone and tablet users are used to the idea that the phone just updates itself whenever, so maybe we’ll soften up on the six-month thing and release updates all the time.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/ubuntu-will-beat-microsoft/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/interviews/386080/mark-shuttleworth-interview-taking-ubuntu-beyond-desktops
|
||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
||||
[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
[12]:
|
@ -1,35 +1,36 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu One的10个不怎么显眼的功能
|
||||
Ubuntu One 的10个鲜为人知的功能
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
尽管Ubuntu One看上去像是跟Ubuntu系统绑定在一起的,但实际上它可以在Windows,Android,iOS,和网页上使用。而且,Ubuntu One提供了5GB的免费存储空间。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管 Ubuntu One 看上去像一个仅支持 Ubuntu 文件同步服务,但实际上它可以在 Windows,Android,iOS 和网页上使用。而且,Ubuntu One 提供了5GB的免费存储空间。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/Kj3S10756PM1212014.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
根据howtogeek.com的介绍,用户通过Ubuntu One可以在线共享文件或目录,推送音乐到手机,在所有的设备上同步已安装的应用,等等。让我们来一起看一下,下面介绍的10个Ubuntu One你也许不知道的功能 -
|
||||
根据 howtogeek.com 的介绍,用户通过 Ubuntu One 可以在线共享文件或目录,推送音乐到手机,在所有的设备上同步已安装的应用等等。下面我们一起来看一下10个Ubuntu One你也许不知道的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
1.**同步目录** - 在默认设置下,Ubuntu系统仅仅会同步用户主目录下的Ubuntu One目录。但是你可以用鼠标右键点击任意文件夹,然后选择Ubuntu One菜单,再选择同步这个目录,这样就可以将这个目录加入到Ubuntu One中了。在Ubuntu One中,你可以管理所有的已同步目录。
|
||||
1.**同步目录** - 在默认设置下,Ubuntu 系统仅仅会同步用户主目录下的 Ubuntu One 目录。但是你可以用鼠标右击任意文件夹,然后点击 Ubuntu One 菜单,选择 Synchronize This Folder 开始同步,这样就可以将这个目录加入到 Ubuntu One 中了。在 Ubuntu One 中,你可以管理所有的已同步目录。
|
||||
|
||||
2.**限制带宽** - 在默认设置下,Ubuntu One会使用系统全部的网络带宽来上传或下载文件。但是,如果你接入网络速度比较慢,它也允许设定上传和下载速度。你可以在Ubuntu One主窗口的设置界面里找到带宽设置。
|
||||
2.**限制带宽** - 在默认设置下,Ubuntu One 会使用系统全部的网络带宽来上传或下载文件。但是,如果你接入网络速度比较慢,它也允许设定上传和下载速度。你可以在 Ubuntu One 主窗口的设置界面里找到带宽设置。
|
||||
|
||||
3.**在Windows上使用Ubuntu One** - Ubuntu One不仅仅只在Linux上运行,它也有一个Windows上的客户端,提供完整的文件同步支持。Ubuntu One是一个跨平台的文件同步服务,即使是完全没有接触过Ubuntu的Windows用户,你也可以使用Ubuntu One提供的服务。
|
||||
3.**在Windows上使用Ubuntu One** - Ubuntu One 不是仅仅在 Linux 上运行,它也有一个 Windows 的客户端,提供完整的文件同步支持。Ubuntu One 是一个跨平台的文件同步服务,即使是完全没有接触过 Ubuntu 的 Windows 用户,也可以使用 Ubuntu One 提供的服务。
|
||||
|
||||
4.**共享文件** - 在文件管理器的鼠标右键菜单或者Ubuntu One网站,你可以将文件或者目录开放共享到因特网上,也可以选择共享给指定的Ubuntu One用户。
|
||||
4.**共享文件** - 在文件管理器的鼠标右键菜单或者 Ubuntu One 网站,你可以将文件或者目录共享到因特网上,也可以选择分享给指定的 Ubuntu One 用户。
|
||||
|
||||
5.**同步已安装应用** - Ubuntu One可以在你所有的计算机上同步你从Ubuntu的软件中心里安装的应用,这样你就可以轻易地管理安装了哪些应用。
|
||||
5.**同步已安装应用** - Ubuntu One 可以在你所有的计算机上同步你从Ubuntu的软件中心安装的应用,这样你就可以轻松管理已安装的应用。
|
||||
|
||||
6.**手机应用** - Ubuntu One为Android,iPhone,iPad和Ipod Touch提供了应用。通过这些应用,你可以在移动设备上轻松地访问Ubuntu One管理的文件。
|
||||
6.**手机应用** - Ubuntu One 为 Android,iPhone,iPad和Ipod Touch 提供了应用。通过这些应用,你可以在移动设备上轻松访问 Ubuntu One 的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
7.**自动上传智能手机中的相片** - 移动应用还支持自动上传手机中的相片到Ubuntu One云服务器中,这样你可以轻松地在所有的设备上浏览你的相片。
|
||||
7.**自动上传智能手机中的相片** - 移动应用还支持自动上传手机中的相片到 Ubuntu One 云服务器中,这样你可以轻松地在所有的设备上浏览你的相片。
|
||||
|
||||
8.**在线音乐播放** - Ubuntu One还提供了Ubuntu One音乐应用,支持Android和iOS。你可以通过智能手机在任意地方在线欣赏你的音乐,也可以选择缓存到本地离线播放。
|
||||
8.**在线音乐播放** - Ubuntu One 还提供了 Ubuntu One 音乐应用,支持 Android和iOS。你可以通过智能手机在任意地方欣赏你的音乐,也可以选择缓存到本地离线播放。
|
||||
|
||||
9.**同步联系人** - Ubuntu One可以同步你的联系人并保存到服务器上。目前,你可以在Ubuntu One网页上导入Facebook联系人,或者手动添加。早期版本的Ubuntu还支持同步Evolution邮件客户端的联系人,但在新的12.04版本中不支持从Thunderbird邮件客户端同步联系人。
|
||||
9.**同步联系人** - Ubuntu One可以同步你的联系人并在线保存。目前,你可以在 Ubuntu One 网页上导入 Facebook 联系人,或者手动添加。早期版本的 Ubuntu 还支持同步 Evolution 邮件客户端的联系人,但在新的12.04版本中不支持从 Thunderbird 邮件客户端同步联系人。
|
||||
|
||||
10.**在浏览器中管理你的文件** - 在电脑上安装了Ubuntu One后,可以在Ubuntu One网页上管理本地文件。你可以在浏览器中下载文件,上传文件,或者管理现有的文件。
|
||||
10.**在浏览器中管理你的文件** - 在电脑上安装了 Ubuntu One 后,可以在 Ubuntu One 网页上管理本地文件。你可以在浏览器中下载文件,上传文件,或者管理现有的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=127466
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
|
||||
10个在随机出现在面试中的Linux问题及答案
|
||||
=========================================
|
||||
为了给你们带来一些小惊喜,这次我们准备了一些在面试中随机出现的问题而不是专门关于某个领域的问题。这些问题肯定会在不深入学习新知识的前提下使你在面试中脱颖而出。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Random-Interview-Questions.png)
|
||||
|
||||
1.假设你在为你工作的公司维护一份日常的备份。这份备份是以压缩后的格式而被维护着。现在你需要检查一份两个月之前的日志,你应该提出什么样的建议从而可以在不解压这份备份的前提下完成检查日志的任务?
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**: 在不解压文件的前提下检查文件内容,我们需要用到'zcat'。zcat这个工具可以轻松完成这个任务。
|
||||
|
||||
# zcat f phpshell2.4.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
2.你需要追踪你系统中发生的事件,你应该怎么做?
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**: 为了追踪系统中发生的事件,我们需要用到叫做syslogd的这个后台程序。syslogd这个后台程序可以追踪系统信息并将其保存到指定的日志文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
在命令行运行'syslogd'这个应用会在路径'/var/log/syslog'中生成一个日志文件。syslogd应用对解决Linux系统中的问题十分有用。标准生成的日志文件和下面这个例子很像。
|
||||
|
||||
![syslongd](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/syslongd.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
3.如何禁止特定IP访问FTP服务器?
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**: 我们可以通过运用tcp_wrapper来禁止可疑的IP访问。首先在路径'/etc/vsftpd.conf'的配置文件中,将tcp_wrapper这个参数设置为"tcp_wrapper=YES",然后在'/etc/host.deny'文件中加入可疑的IP地址。
|
||||
|
||||
###禁止访问的IP地址###
|
||||
|
||||
打开'/etc/hosts.deny'文件。
|
||||
|
||||
# vi /etc/hosts.deny
|
||||
|
||||
在文件底端加入拒绝访问的IP地址
|
||||
|
||||
#
|
||||
# hosts.deny This file contains access rules which are used to
|
||||
# deny connections to network services that either use
|
||||
# the tcp_wrappers library or that have been
|
||||
# started through a tcp_wrappers-enabled xinetd.
|
||||
#
|
||||
# The rules in this file can also be set up in
|
||||
# /etc/hosts.allow with a 'deny' option instead.
|
||||
#
|
||||
# See 'man 5 hosts_options' and 'man 5 hosts_access'
|
||||
# for information on rule syntax.
|
||||
# See 'man tcpd' for information on tcp_wrappers
|
||||
#
|
||||
vsftpd:172.16.16.1
|
||||
|
||||
4.告诉我们Telnet和SSH之间的区别?
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**: Telnet和SSH都是用来远程管理系统的协议。与Telnet直接传输数据正好相反,安全的SSH通信协议需要通信中有密钥的交换,这说明telnet相比较于SSH更加不安全。
|
||||
|
||||
5.你需要终止你的X server,但当你尝试杀进程的时候,你遇到了表示不能退出X server的错误信息。你准备怎么做?
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**: 当你尝试杀X server的进程时,系统不会让你像使用'/etc/init.d/gdm stop'一样正常的退出X server。我们需要执行一个使X server重启的特别的键位组合'Ctrl+ Alt+ Back Space'。
|
||||
|
||||
6.告诉我命令'ping'和'ping6'的区别?
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**: 这两个命令有同样的功能,但'ping6'命令可被用于ipv6的IP地址。
|
||||
|
||||
7.你想要在Home目录下寻找*.tar文件并一次性删除,你会怎么做?
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**: 我们要同时用到find和rm命令来删除所有*.tar文件
|
||||
|
||||
# find /home/ name '*.tar' | xargs rm rf
|
||||
|
||||
8.locate和slocate命令的区别?
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**: slocate(secure locate)会寻找所有用户有权限访问的文件,然而locate会搜索所有更新过的结果。
|
||||
|
||||
9.你要在当前目录中所有“.txt”文件中搜索“Tecmint”这个字符串,你怎么做?
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**: 用find命令在当前目录递归寻找文件中的“Tecmint”字符串。
|
||||
|
||||
# find name “*.txt” | xargs grep “Tecmint”
|
||||
|
||||
10.你要向所有已连接的用户发送“Server is going down for maintenance”这样一条信息,你怎么做?
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**: 运用wall命令就可以很容易地实现,wall命令可以向所有已连接服务器的用户发送信息。
|
||||
|
||||
# echo please save your work, immediately. The server is going down for Maintenance at 12:30 Pm, sharply. | wall
|
||||
|
||||
![wall command](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/wall.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/useful-random-linux-interview-questions-and-answers/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:ThomazL(https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
||||
|
||||
Linux cp 命令的15个示例 - 创建文件和目录的副本*
|
||||
Linux cp 命令的15个示例 - 创建文件和目录的副本
|
||||
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ Linux cp 命令的15个示例 - 创建文件和目录的副本*
|
||||
#### 6. 不随符号链接拷贝原文件 #####[译注:意思是只拷贝符号链接文件]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以用 **-p** 选项来实现。当对符号链接使用 cp 命令,它会照原样拷贝它自身。来看看下面的示例。
|
||||
我们可以用 **-P** 选项来实现。当对符号链接使用 cp 命令,它会照原样拷贝它自身。来看看下面的示例。
|
||||
|
||||
$ cp -P file_6.txt ./movie
|
||||
|
||||
@ -132,8 +131,6 @@ Linux cp 命令的15个示例 - 创建文件和目录的副本*
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8. 文件归档 ####
|
||||
|
||||
When we are going to copy a directory, we will use **-r** or **-R** option. But we can also use **-a** option to archive file. This will create an **exact copy** of files and directories including symbolic links if any. Here’s a sample :
|
||||
|
||||
当我们去拷贝一个目录时,我们会用**-r**或者**-R**选项。但是我们也可以用**-a**选项来归档文件。这样会创建文件和目录的**准确套录**,如果有的话也可以包括符号链接。下面是示例:[译注:-a 会保留原文件或目录的属性]
|
||||
|
||||
$ cp -a directory_1/ /home/pungki/office
|
||||
@ -194,8 +191,8 @@ When we are going to copy a directory, we will use **-r** or **-R** option. But
|
||||
|
||||
- **none, off**:从不备份(即使给出 --backup)
|
||||
- **numbered, t**:用编号备份
|
||||
- **existing, nil** :如果编号备份存在则使用编号备份,否者用简易备份[也就是用波浪号]
|
||||
- **simple, never** :使用简易备份
|
||||
- **existing, nil** :如果编号备份存在则使用编号备份,否者用简易备份[译注:也就是用波浪号]
|
||||
- **simple, never** :总是使用简易备份
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13. 只拷贝文件属性 ####
|
||||
@ -234,12 +231,12 @@ cp 命令也提供给我们 **--attributes-only** 选项。顾名思义,这个
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
cp 命令是 Linux 下最基础的命令之一。对于那些想要学习 Linux 的人,必须得把这个命令掌握。当然你也可以在你的终端下键入 **man cp** 或者 cp **--help** 来显示更多帮助信息。
|
||||
cp 命令是 Linux 下最基础的命令之一。对于那些想要学习 Linux 的人,必须得把这个命令掌握。当然你也可以在你的终端下键入 **man cp** 或者 **cp --help** 来显示更多帮助信息。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-cp-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对:[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
|
||||
跨越终端中多个vim实例访问剪切板内容
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Vim (Vi IMproved)**是一款在程序员之间非常受欢迎的文本编辑器。它在执行不同的快捷命令操作上有它自己的特长。
|
||||
|
||||
![从Vim访问剪切板](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/vim-clipboard-content.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
比如,要拷贝高亮的文本,我们使用‘**y**‘命令,并用‘x‘来剪切。但是,**vim**剪切板的内容默认上(不是**gVim**)不能被其他的vim示例访问。
|
||||
|
||||
Vim使用‘**+**‘寄存器指向系统剪切板。你可以运行‘**vim –version**‘,如果你看不到像“**+xterm_clipboard**”和“**xterm_clipboard**“,那么内部剪切板将不能被外部**vim**访问。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装gvim和parcellite ###
|
||||
|
||||
为了访问vim剪切板的内容,你需要安装**gvim**包。**gVim**是vim编辑器的GUI模式,它的剪切板选项默认启用。
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install -y gvim
|
||||
|
||||
下面启用[RPMForge 仓库][1]安装**parcellite** 包。Parcellite是一款轻量级,小巧而免费的Linux剪切板管理工具。
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install -y parcellite
|
||||
|
||||
一旦安装后,运行下面的命令。这里的参数‘**&**’是使parcellite以后台进程运行。
|
||||
|
||||
# parcellite &
|
||||
|
||||
检查选项已经在gvim中启用。
|
||||
|
||||
# gvim --version
|
||||
|
||||
确保“**+xterm_clipboard**”选项显示在下面的输出中。
|
||||
|
||||
VIM - Vi IMproved 7.2 (2008 Aug 9, compiled Apr 5 2012 10:12:08)
|
||||
Included patches: 1-411
|
||||
Modified by <bugzilla@redhat.com>
|
||||
Compiled by <bugzilla@redhat.com>
|
||||
Huge version with GTK2 GUI. Features included (+) or not (-):
|
||||
+arabic +autocmd +balloon_eval +browse ++builtin_terms +byte_offset +cindent
|
||||
+clientserver +clipboard +cmdline_compl +cmdline_hist +cmdline_info +comments
|
||||
+cryptv +cscope +cursorshape +dialog_con_gui +diff +digraphs +dnd -ebcdic
|
||||
+emacs_tags +eval +ex_extra +extra_search +farsi +file_in_path +find_in_path
|
||||
+float +folding -footer +fork() +gettext -hangul_input +iconv +insert_expand
|
||||
+jumplist +keymap +langmap +libcall +linebreak +lispindent +listcmds +localmap
|
||||
+menu +mksession +modify_fname +mouse +mouseshape +mouse_dec +mouse_gpm
|
||||
-mouse_jsbterm +mouse_netterm -mouse_sysmouse +mouse_xterm +multi_byte
|
||||
+multi_lang -mzscheme +netbeans_intg -osfiletype +path_extra +perl +postscript
|
||||
+printer +profile +python +quickfix +reltime +rightleft -ruby +scrollbind
|
||||
+signs +smartindent -sniff +startuptime +statusline -sun_workshop +syntax
|
||||
+tag_binary +tag_old_static -tag_any_white -tcl +terminfo +termresponse
|
||||
+textobjects +title +toolbar +user_commands +vertsplit +virtualedit +visual
|
||||
+visualextra +viminfo +vreplace +wildignore +wildmenu +windows +writebackup
|
||||
+X11 -xfontset +xim +xsmp_interact +xterm_clipboard -xterm_save
|
||||
|
||||
打开用户的.bashrc文件。
|
||||
|
||||
# vim ~/.bashrc
|
||||
|
||||
加入别名并保存文件(按下‘**i**’来插入行并按下**ESC**,接着运行**:wq**来保存并退出)。
|
||||
|
||||
# .bashrc
|
||||
|
||||
# User specific aliases and functions
|
||||
|
||||
alias rm='rm -i'
|
||||
alias cp='cp -i'
|
||||
alias mv='mv -i'
|
||||
alias vim='gvim -v'
|
||||
# Source global definitions
|
||||
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
|
||||
. /etc/bashrc
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
这个alias是内置的用于将一些命令绕到其他命令上。这样每次当vim命令运行时,相应的别名会启动默认带剪切板的gVim。
|
||||
|
||||
现在,用类似的方式编辑你的‘**.vimrc**‘文件(以防你没有 **.vimrc**文件,生成这样一个文件然后再回来)。
|
||||
|
||||
# vim ~/.vimrc
|
||||
|
||||
追加下面这行并保存文件。
|
||||
|
||||
autocmd VimLeave * call system("echo -n $'" . escape(getreg(), "'") . "' | xsel -ib")
|
||||
|
||||
现在在vim中打开任何文件并高亮部分文本(使用'v'命令)并按下'y'。尝试在vim外面的任何地方粘帖(关闭之后或者不用关闭vim),你就完成了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 生成 .vimrc 文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
运行下面的命令来生成**.vimrc**文件(如果你已做了就跳过这部分)。
|
||||
|
||||
# cd [This will put you in home directory]
|
||||
# vim .vimrc
|
||||
|
||||
在vim中在按下ESC键后运行下面的命令(在vim中,每个命令是在按下ESC键后也就是带你进入命令模式后运行的)。
|
||||
|
||||
:r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
|
||||
:w
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/accessing-clipboard-contents-across-multiple-instances-of-vim-from-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-enable-rpmforge-repository-in-rhel-centos-6-5-4/
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
||||
在 Linux 下用 mkdir 命令来创建目录和子目录
|
||||
|
||||
==============================================================================
|
||||
了解了用 ls 命令在目录中列出条目后,现在我们要学习在 Linux 系统下创建目录。在 Linux 下,我们可以使用 **mkdir** 命令。Mkdir 是“make directory” 缩写词。
|
||||
了解了用 ls 命令在目录中列出条目后,现在我们要学习在 Linux 系统下创建目录。在 Linux 下,我们可以使用 **mkdir** 命令。Mkdir 是“make directory” 的缩写词。
|
||||
|
||||
### mkdir 是什么呢 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Mkdir 是一个用来在 Linux 系统下创建目录的命令。此命令属于
|
||||
|
||||
![mkdir directory exist](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mkdir_error.png)
|
||||
|
||||
另外创建目录的首要条件 **你必须要有进入创建目录的目标路径的权限**。当你无法取得权限时 mkdir 会报告这个错误。
|
||||
另外一个创建目录的首要条件是, **在想要创建目录的目标路径下你必须具有访问权限**。当你无法取得权限时 mkdir 会报告这个错误。
|
||||
|
||||
![mkdir permission denied](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mkdir_permission_denied.png)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -35,21 +35,21 @@ Mkdir 是一个用来在 Linux 系统下创建目录的命令。此命令属于
|
||||
|
||||
![create multiple directories](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mkdir_multiple.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 添加包含子目录的目录 [译注:递归的创建目录] ###
|
||||
### 添加包含子目录的目录 [译注:递归地创建目录] ###
|
||||
|
||||
当你要创建的目录包含有它的子目录时,你需要使用 -p 参数。如果 mkdir 找不到父目录,那么这个参数会首先帮助创建父目录。比如说我们要创建名为 **letter** 的目录,在它的目录下包含有子目录 **important**。那么语法会像这样子:
|
||||
当你要创建的目录包含子目录时,你需要使用 -p 参数。如果 mkdir 找不到父目录,那么这个参数会首先帮助创建父目录。比如说我们要创建名为 **letter** 的目录,在它的目录下包含有子目录 **important**。那么语法会像这样子:
|
||||
|
||||
$ mkdir -p letter/important
|
||||
|
||||
![mkdir sub-directory](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mkdir_p.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 设置权限 ###
|
||||
### 设置访问权限 ###
|
||||
|
||||
使用 **-m** 参数,我们可以给即将生成的新目录设置权限。示例如下:
|
||||
|
||||
$ mkdir -m=r-- letter
|
||||
|
||||
上面的命令会创建一个名为 letter 的目录,同时给予**目录的所有者,用户组和其他用户权限**
|
||||
上面的命令会创建一个名为 letter 的目录,同时为**目录所有者、用户组和其他用户**针对该目录赋予**只读权限**
|
||||
|
||||
![mkdir set privilege](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mkdir_m.png)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -69,6 +69,6 @@ Mkdir 命令也属于一个最基础的命令,对于想要学习 Linux 的朋
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-mkdir-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对:[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,48 +1,49 @@
|
||||
每日 Ubuntu 小贴士 – 英特尔图形安装程序1.0.3发布 – 支持Ubuntu 13.10
|
||||
每日 Ubuntu 小技巧——英特尔图形安装程序 1.0.3 发布,支持 Ubuntu 13.10
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
对于那些台式机或笔记本电脑采用英特尔显卡运行Ubuntu 13.10的用户来说,这里的东西,他们可能想要做的 - 安装英特尔图形安装程序的Linux版本。
|
||||
|
||||
英特尔图形安装程序的Linux版本允许用户方便地安装最新的英特尔图形和视频驱动程序。直到最近,仍没有支持Ubuntu 13.10。
|
||||
对于那些使用因特尔显卡台式机或者笔记本来运行 Ubuntu Linux 13.10 的用户来说,有件事可能想要完成——安装 Linux 版本的因特尔图形安装程序。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想保持目前的英特尔卡在你的机器的最新驱动程序,你可能需要这个安装程序。它增强,优化并提供与您的英特尔图形硬件最好的用户体验。
|
||||
Linux 版本的英特尔图形安装程序允许用户方便地安装最新的英特尔图形和视频驱动程序。直到最近,仍不支持 Ubuntu 13.10。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想保持目前英特尔卡在你机器中的最新驱动程序,你可能需要这个安装程序。它能增强、优化并提供英特尔图形硬件最好的用户体验。
|
||||
|
||||
[https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/2013/intelr-graphics-installer-1.0.3-linux][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu中安装英特尔图形安装程序 ###
|
||||
### 在 Ubuntu 中安装英特尔图形安装程序 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你确定知道你的计算机有英特尔图形卡以及你正在运行的是Ubuntu13.10的版本,继续下面的学习如何安装这个包,
|
||||
如果你确定你的计算机有英特尔图形卡,而且你正在运行的版本是 Ubuntu 13.10,继续下面的学习如何安装这个包,
|
||||
|
||||
有些用户安装和配置驱动程序包后曾造成系统问题,所以你应该在安装前持谨慎态度,并备份你的系统。当你完成后,执行下面的命令来下载32位版本的软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
### 32-bit Ubuntu Linux ###
|
||||
### 32位 Ubuntu Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
cd /tmp && wget https://download.01.org/gfx/ubuntu/13.10/main/pool/main/i/intel-linux-graphics-installer/intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.3_i386.deb
|
||||
|
||||
对于那些运行64位的Ubuntu,运行下面的命令来下载64位版本。
|
||||
对于那些运行64位的 Ubuntu,运行下面的命令来下载64位版本。
|
||||
|
||||
### 64-bit Ubuntu Linux ###
|
||||
### 64位 Ubuntu Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
cd /tmp && wget https://download.01.org/gfx/ubuntu/13.10/main/pool/main/i/intel-linux-graphics-installer/intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.3_amd64.deb
|
||||
|
||||
下载完成后,运行以下命令进行安装。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo dpkg -i intel-linux-graphics-installer*.deb; sudo apt-get -f install
|
||||
sudo dpkg -i intel-linux-graphics-installer*.deb; sudo apt-get -f install
|
||||
|
||||
安装安装程序后,进入Unity Dash搜索安装程序。打开它后,继续。它会为你的设备搜索并确定正确的驱动程序。
|
||||
安装程序安装完毕后,进入 Unity Dash 搜索安装程序。打开后继续。它会为你的设备搜索并确定正确的驱动程序。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/intelgraphicsinstaller.png)
|
||||
|
||||
为了让你的系统信任英特尔图形安装程序,您必须添加以下key到Ubuntu的软件库中。运行下面的命令来添加它。
|
||||
为了让你的系统信任英特尔图形安装程序,您必须运行下面命令来添加 key 到 Ubuntu 的软件库中。
|
||||
|
||||
wget --no-check-certificate https://download.01.org/gfx/RPM-GPG-KEY-ilg -O - | sudo apt-key add -
|
||||
|
||||
就是这样。如果你按照以上步骤做了,你的机器应该能正确运行英特尔驱动程序。如果不是,可能是你的显卡不兼容,或者它不支持。
|
||||
就这么简单。如果你按照以上步骤做了,你的机器应该能正确运行英特尔驱动程序。如果不是,可能是你的显卡不兼容,或者是不支持。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/01/daily-ubuntu-tips-intel-graphics-installer-1-0-3-released-supports-ubuntu-13-10/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Linux Kernel 是linux操作系统的核心,包括Ubuntu。内核使Ubuntu可
|
||||
|
||||
升级完成后,重启你的设备。这是一个好习惯在安装完系统包和内核后重启。这样做允许新的内核能够被应用。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来,运行下列命令来下载Linux Kernel 3.12.7
|
||||
接下来,运行下列命令来下载Linux Kernel 3.12.7
|
||||
|
||||
#### 32位设备,运行下列命令 ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -57,4 +57,4 @@ via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/01/daily-ubuntu-tips-linux-kernel-3-12-7-r
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/ChangeLog-3.12.7
|
||||
[1]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/ChangeLog-3.12.7
|
||||
|
@ -1,64 +1,65 @@
|
||||
每日Ubuntu小贴士 - 在Ubuntu中手动安装任何版本的Firefox
|
||||
每日 Ubuntu 小技巧——在 Ubuntu 中手动安装任何版本的 Firefox
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Firefox是Ubuntu中的主要网络浏览器。它预装在系统中,并添加到默认的Ubuntu软件仓库中以获得Firefox最新版本的自动更新。
|
||||
|
||||
大多数人不用担心安装或使用Firefox的问题,因为没有什么问题了,它已经安装并可以使用了。Firefox在Ubuntu的软件仓库中的版本你总得到是最新版本。
|
||||
Firefox 是 Ubuntu 中主要的网络浏览器。它预装在系统中,并添加到默认的 Ubuntu 软件库中以获得 Firefox 最新版本的自动更新。
|
||||
|
||||
现在,如果你想尝试其他的Firefox版本,你就必须手动下载并在Ubuntu中安装它,这个简短的教程将告诉你如何正确地在Ubuntu中做到这一点。
|
||||
大多数用户并不用担心安装或使用 Firefox 的问题,因为没有什么问题了,它已经安装并可以使用。你获取的总是 Firefox 在 Ubuntu 软件库中的版本,除非更新 Canonical 的软件到最新版本。
|
||||
|
||||
因为Firefox集成在Ubuntu中,如果你试图完全卸载它,可以会破坏其他的东西。因此要安装其他版本最好的办法就是为每个版本分别创建文件夹并进行符号连接。
|
||||
现在,如果你想尝试其它的 Firefox 版本,你就必须手动下载并在 Ubuntu 中安装它,这个简短教程将指导你如何正确地在 Ubuntu 中做到这一点。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu中下载并安装Firefox ###
|
||||
因为 Firefox 集成在 Ubuntu 中,如果你试图完全卸载它,很可能会破坏其它东西。因此要安装其它版本的最好办法就是为每个版本分别创建文件夹并进行符号连接。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想手动下载最新的Ubuntu版本Firefox,进入它的[下载页面][1]。通过它你将可以获取到最新版本并安装它。
|
||||
### 在 Ubuntu 中下载并安装 Firefox ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想从初始版本安装其他版本的Firefox,[访问这个页面][2]。在这你将看到从0.8开始的每个版本。
|
||||
如果你想在 Ubuntu 中手动下载最新版本的 Firefox,进入它的[下载页面][1]。通过它你将可以获取到最新版本并安装它。
|
||||
|
||||
下载完你想要的版本之后,切换到home目录下的下载文件夹,因为Ubuntu的大多数文件被下载到了这。
|
||||
如果你想从初始版本安装其它版本的 Firefox,[访问这个页面][2]。在这你将看到从0.8开始的每个版本。
|
||||
|
||||
下载完你想要的版本之后,切换到 home 目录下的下载文件夹,因为 Ubuntu 的大多数文件被下载到了这里。
|
||||
|
||||
cd ~/Downloads
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/firefoxmanualinstall.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 配置Firefox ###
|
||||
### 配置 Firefox ###
|
||||
|
||||
由于大多数Firefox下载文件以.tar和.bz2格式保存,必须从这些压缩包中提取文件。有很多方法可以在Ubuntu中解压缩文件。
|
||||
由于大多数 Firefox 下载文件以.tar和.bz2格式保存,必须从这些压缩包中提取文件。有很多方法可以在 Ubuntu 中解压缩文件。
|
||||
|
||||
比如我下面使用的命令。很容易从.tar和.bz2中提取文件。
|
||||
|
||||
tar -xjf firefox*.tar.bz2
|
||||
|
||||
解压后,将会有一个新的Firefox文件出现在下载文件夹中。这其中包含了所有的Firefox的文件和可执行文件。
|
||||
解压后,将会有一个新的 Firefox 文件出现在下载文件夹中。这其中包含了所有的 Firefox 的文件和可执行文件。
|
||||
|
||||
由于我们不想删除当前安装的Firefox,我们必须给每个版本的Firefox创建一个单独的文件夹。因此,对于Firefox的版本30,使用下面的命令在/opt目录下创建一个包含新Firefox内容的文件夹。
|
||||
由于我们不想删除当前安装的 Firefox,我们必须给每个版本的 Firefox 创建一个单独的文件夹。因此,对于 Firefox 版本30,使用下面的命令在/opt目录下创建一个包含新 Firefox 内容的文件夹。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo mv firefox/ /opt/firefox30
|
||||
|
||||
现在,**/opt/firefox30/**目录包含的所有文件都是版本30的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 创建新的Firefox可执行符号链接 ###
|
||||
### 创建新的 Firefox 可执行符号链接 ###
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下,Firefox的可执行文件在这个路径下:**/user/bin/firefox**。我们想要做的是临时创建一个备份,这样我们就可以使用我们的自定义安装的可执行文件。
|
||||
默认情况下,Firefox 的可执行文件在这个路径下:**/user/bin/firefox**。我们想要做的是临时创建一个备份,这样我们就可以使用我们的自定义安装的可执行文件。
|
||||
|
||||
要做到这一点,运行下面的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
sudo mv /usr/bin/firefox /usr/bin/firefox-old
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们已经从其默认位置移动了Firefox的可执行文件,我们必须将默认位置链接为我们的新的自定义安装的文件。要做到这一点,运行下面的命令来创建我们的30版本的一个符号链接。
|
||||
现在,我们已经从其默认位置移动了 Firefox 的可执行文件,我们必须将默认位置链接到我们新的自定义安装文件。要做到这一点,运行下面的命令来创建我们版本30的一个符号链接。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo ln -s /opt/firefox30/firefox /usr/bin/firefox
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们自定义安装的Firefox是Ubuntu默认的。每一次启动Firefox,它将通过之前的新链接加载新的可执行文件。
|
||||
这样就设置完成了,我们自定义安装的 Firefox 是 Ubuntu 默认的。每一次启动 Firefox,它将通过之前的新链接加载新的可执行文件。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/firefoxmanualinstall1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
以上方法同样适用于64-bit版本的Firefox。
|
||||
以上方法同样适用于 64-bit 版本的 Firefox。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/02/daily-ubuntu-tips-manually-install-any-version-of-firefox-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
|
60
translated/Hardware, software, standards.md
Normal file
60
translated/Hardware, software, standards.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
|
||||
# Hardware, software, standards(硬件,软件,标准)
|
||||
|
||||
Coova背后的理念非常简单:给你提供可以用来管理与访问自己WiFi网络的开源并免费的工具与服务,你可以有最大的自由度去使用它们。我们的哲学就是:你不需要使用任何特别的硬件(如[FON][1]或者[Meraki][2])或软件(如[Whisher][3])。从本质上来说,Coova是开放并且基于标准的,也就是说它可以兼容尽可能广泛的硬件,协议与服务。Coova将“[Carrier][4]”的grade特色与服务带向了开源界与服务界。它也让笨拙的router更智能了一点--废物利用很不错,不是吗?
|
||||
|
||||
在Coova中,你可以根据你要构建的网络的种类与你访问这些网络的方式来挑选你需要的软件与服务。下面是一些Coova技术的典型应用:
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用[CoovaAP][5]来简化[CoovaChilli][6](或[WiFiDog][7])的配置:
|
||||
* 使用或者不适用CoovaAAA服务,
|
||||
* 使用RADIUS或者本机定义的用户,
|
||||
* 使用定制的“内部”入网门户,或者
|
||||
* 配置使用你自己的门户或者使用RADIUS服务。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在[CoovaAP][5]或者你自己的固件或者服务器中使用[CoovaChilli][6],以实现如下功能:
|
||||
* 使用CoovaAAA或者其他门户/RADIUS服务,加强入网门户和身份认证,
|
||||
* 与多种商业服务协调工作(具体询问供应商),
|
||||
* 与802.1X身份认证整合以提供账号与访问限制。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用[CoovaAAA][8]管理你的网络的访问:
|
||||
* 使用CoovaChilli/AP入网门户,
|
||||
* 使用打过补丁的WiFiDog入网门户,
|
||||
* 使用[你自己的入网门户][9](不需要高级编程),
|
||||
* 使用我们的Facebook或者标准入网门户应用,
|
||||
* 使用商业访问控制器(如Colubris),或者
|
||||
* 使用任何支持WPA Enterprise/802.1X(如AirPort Extreme)的router.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用和共享你的[CoovaAAA][8]控制下的网络:
|
||||
* 使用一个账户既登陆你的入网门户也登陆你的安全WPA Enterprise网络(使用任何支持802.1X的设备,如你的笔记本电脑或者Nokia手机)
|
||||
* 在任何与你共享过的[CoovaAAA][8]地点使用你的账号,
|
||||
* 选择性给你要共享的个人或者全体共享你的网络,或者
|
||||
* 依照[OpenID][10]登陆或者Facebook粉丝/朋友共享网络。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在Firefox或者你的手机上各自使用[CoovaFX][11]与[CoovaSX][12],来通过WISPr标准登陆一个入网门户和一个预先配置好的账号。WISPr被CoovaAAA,绝大部分的商业访问控制器和服务供应商支持。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用[JRadius][13]为你的网络编写你自己的RADIUS设置逻辑。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你正在构建一个WiFi网络,但在本网站上未找到任何可以帮助你的信息,那你可能看得不够用心。虽然已经说过,我们确实承认我们需要更多的文档。正因为如此,我们呼吁研发与用户社区在wiki,[论坛][14]和[mailing lists][15]上给我们提供帮助。注意:我们确实关闭了一些页面来阻止SPAM(垃圾邮件)来创建新的页面或者在mailing lists中请求获得更多的权限。
|
||||
|
||||
我们也希望听到更多的关于你如何使用或者在何处使用Coova的消息。实际上,我的一个朋友最近正在多米尼亚共和国度假,他很惊奇地发现在宾馆中可以找到Coova的信号。他们为他们的WiFi采用了CoovaAP技术。像这样的故事非常棒,请让他们出现在论坛中!
|
||||
|
||||
__________________________________________________________________________
|
||||
via: http://coova.org/node/133
|
||||
译者: [Hao-Ding](https://github.com/Hao-Ding) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]: https://corp.fon.com/en
|
||||
[2]: https://meraki.cisco.com/
|
||||
[3]: http://www.whisher.com/
|
||||
[4]: https://meraki.cisco.com/blog/2008/04/new-carrier-services/
|
||||
[5]: http://coova.org/CoovaAP
|
||||
[6]: http://coova.org/CoovaChilli
|
||||
[7]: http://dev.wifidog.org/
|
||||
[8]: http://coova.org/CoovaAAA
|
||||
[9]: http://coova.org/node/80
|
||||
[10]: http://coova.org/node/71
|
||||
[11]: http://www.coova.com/CoovaFX
|
||||
[12]: http://www.coova.com/CoovaSX
|
||||
[13]: http://coova.org/JRadius
|
||||
[14]: http://coova.org/forum/
|
||||
[15]: http://coova.org/MailingLists
|
38
translated/How To Execute bin Files In Linux.md
Normal file
38
translated/How To Execute bin Files In Linux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
如何在 Linux 下执行 bin 文件
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
嗨,各位 **Linux** 极客们,
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇简短教程中,我会指导你们如何在你的 Linux 机器上安装 **.bin** 文件。并不是一些可怕的终端命令,我保证!但是我同样会展示如何在终端上操作 。
|
||||
|
||||
什么是 .bin 文件?
|
||||
|
||||
.bin 文件是在 Linux 和类 Unix 操作系统上的自执行文件。在执行 .bin 文件之前,你需要给它执行权限。这可以通过命令行或者 gui 完成。如果你喜欢用命令行那么打开一个新的终端并运行如下的命令来给予文件执行权限。
|
||||
|
||||
chmod +x filename.bin
|
||||
|
||||
接着用下面的命令执行。
|
||||
|
||||
./filename.bin
|
||||
|
||||
确保你在运行上面的命令的时候是超级用户。
|
||||
|
||||
那又如何从 gui 来完成呢?进入 .bin 文件的目录并点击鼠标右键,接着如下图所示进入属性。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/exec1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
选择 **Permissions** 并勾选 **Allow executing file as a program** 。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/exec2.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/exec3.png)
|
||||
|
||||
双击文件后它就会执行。这样就完成了。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/execute-bin-files-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
@ -1,68 +1,71 @@
|
||||
如何在Ubuntu 13.10中安装Gnome 3.10
|
||||
如何在 Ubuntu 13.10 中安装 Gnome 3.10
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Install_Gnome_310_Ubuntu_1310.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
Unity无聊或者就是简单地讨厌它?为何不**在Ubuntu 13.10中安装Gnome 3.10**?安装一个新的桌面环境师为数不多的[安装Ubuntu 13.10后要做的事][1]之一,如果你喜欢尝试。在这篇快速教程中我们将会分享**如何在Ubuntu 13.10中安装Gnome 3.10**。
|
||||
厌倦 Unity 了吗?或者说就是不喜欢它?为何不试试**在 Ubuntu 13.10 中安装 Gnome 3.10**?安装一个新的桌面环境是为数不多的[安装Ubuntu 13.10后要做的事][1]之一,如果你想要尝试一下。在这篇快速教程中我们将会分享**如何在 Ubuntu 13.10 中安装 Gnome 3.10**。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu 13.10中安装Gnome 3.10: ###
|
||||
### 在 Ubuntu 13.10 中安装 Gnome 3.10: ###
|
||||
|
||||
我们将使用几个PPAS来安装Gnome 3.10和分配升级,将需要一段时间才能完成。我相信你有很好的上网速度,如果没有,你可以使用一些[小技巧来提高Ubuntu13.10的系统性能][2]。
|
||||
我们将花费一些时间来使用几个 PPA 安装 Gnome 3.10 和分配升级。我假设你网速不错,如果不是的话,你可以使用一些[小技巧来提高 Ubuntu13.10 的系统性能][2]。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第一步:安装GDM [可选] ####
|
||||
#### 第一步:安装 GDM [可选] ####
|
||||
|
||||
第一步是安装[GDM][3]以及默认的[LightDM][4]。这是可选的,但是还是建议各位如很多人提醒的LightDM问题。打开终端(Ctrl+Alt+T),并使用下面的命令:
|
||||
第一步是安装[GDM][3]以及默认的[LightDM][4]。这是可选的,但是还是建议各位如很多人提醒的LightDM问题(这句话不通顺,但是不太理解,还请组长看一下)。打开终端(Ctrl+Alt+T),并使用下面的命令:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install gdm
|
||||
|
||||
出现提示时选择 GDM。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第二步:添加PPAs并升级系统 ####
|
||||
|
||||
现在是时候添加Gnome 3.10 PPAs。使用以下命令添加PPAs将需要一些时间并下载200 MB的数据。
|
||||
现在是时候添加 Gnome 3.10 PPA 了。使用以下命令添加 PPA 将需要一些时间并下载 200 MB 的数据。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-next
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第三步:安装Gnome shell ####
|
||||
#### 第三步:安装 Gnome shell ####
|
||||
|
||||
一旦升级已经完成,可以使用下面的命令在Ubuntu中安装Gnome3.10。
|
||||
一旦升级已经完成,可以使用下面的命令在 Ubuntu 中安装 Gnome3.10。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell
|
||||
|
||||
#### 第四步:安装Gnome特定的应用程序 [可选] ####
|
||||
#### 第四步:安装 Gnome 特定的应用程序 [可选] ####
|
||||
|
||||
这一步是可选的。你可能想安装一些Gnome特定的应用程序以达到Gnome 3.10在Ubuntu中得完整体验。你也许会面对一些这些应用程序的问题。
|
||||
这一步是可选的。你可能想安装一些 Gnome 特定的应用程序以达到 Gnome 3.10 在 Ubuntu 中得完美体验。你也许会遇到一些应用程序的相关问题。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install gnome-weather gnome-music gnome-maps gnome-documents gnome-boxes gnome-shell-extensions gnome-tweak-tool gnome-clocks
|
||||
|
||||
这将是所有你需要做的。重新启动计算机,在登录时,通过点击齿轮标志选择Gnome。这里是我的Gnome 3.10在我的笔记本电脑上的效果:
|
||||
这些就是所有你需要做的。重新启动计算机,在登录时,通过点击齿轮标志选择 Gnome。这里是我的 Gnome 3.10 在我的笔记本电脑上的效果:
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Gnome_310_Ubuntu_1310.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
### 卸载Gnome 3.10: ###
|
||||
### 卸载 Gnome 3.10: ###
|
||||
|
||||
不再喜欢Gnome 3.10?不用担心,通过[deleting PPA][5]卸载他们。要做到这一点,你需要安装PPA Purge(如果尚未安装)。使用下面的命令:
|
||||
不喜欢 Gnome 3.10 了?不用担心,通过[deleting PPA][5]卸载它们。要做到这一点,你需要安装 PPA Purge(如果尚未安装)。使用下面的命令:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
|
||||
|
||||
之后,安装你所安装的PPAs:
|
||||
之后,安装你所安装的 PPA:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
|
||||
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-next
|
||||
|
||||
在Ubuntu13.10版本库中是可以恢复Gnome 3.10到Gnome 3.8。要完全删除的Gnome3,使用以下命令:
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu13.10 版本库中是可以恢复 Gnome 3.10 到 Gnome 3.8。要想完全删除 Gnome 3,使用以下命令:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get remove gnome-shell ubuntu-gnome-desktop
|
||||
|
||||
当然,你应该删除任何你专为Gnome 3.10安装的应用程序。
|
||||
当然,你应该删除任何你专为 Gnome 3.10 安装的应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
我希望本教程能帮助你在Ubuntu 13.10中安装Gnome 3.10。你有没有尝试Gnome 3.10了?您想了解更多,Gnome或Unity?
|
||||
我希望本教程能帮助你在 Ubuntu 13.10 中安装 Gnome 3.10。尝试 Gnome 3.10了吗?你更喜欢哪一个,Gnome 还是 Unity?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/install-gnome-3-ubuntu-1310/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
|
||||
在Ubuntu 13.10上怎么连接装有iOS 7的iPhone或iPad
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在几个月前我买了一个安装了iOS 7系统的iPhone 5手机。当我试着把iPhone或者iPad连接到Linux电脑(Ubuntu和Linux Mint)上时,它能够被识别,会提示我:“是否信任这台电脑”?
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ios7-trust_this_computer1.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
然后我心中默念“我会的”,选择了“信任”,在等待了几秒后,它又重新提示我“是否信任这台电脑”?我继续点了“信任”。然后又提示同样的问题。我感觉我的手机陷入了一个while(true)的死循环。在Ubuntu而在我的Ubuntu电脑上,它只是提示我的iPhone被锁定了,所以我不能访问上面的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/iPhone_issue_with_Ubuntu.png)
|
||||
|
||||
在网络上搜索了一会,我才知道这个**iOS 7在Linux系统上是否信任这台电脑的死循环**是一个已知的[问题][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
这实际上是[iOS 7系统的一个新安全特性][2],针对解决假冒的iPhone充电器问题。既然这样,那这篇文章在说什么?有没有办法**解决iOS 7在Linux系统中的“信任这台电脑”的问题**?[libimobiledevice][1]库希望在1.1.6版本中去解决这个问题,只不过稳定版本却一直遥遥无期。
|
||||
不过别灰心,你仍然可以使用libimobiledevice的非稳定版本,然后轻松地连接你的iPhone和Ubuntu。让我来告诉你,怎么把iPhone手机连接到Ubuntu 13.10或者Linux Mint 16上,而不会有“信任这台电脑”的麻烦。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu 12.04上解决iOS 7的“信任这台电脑”问题: ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你安装的是Ubuntu 12.04 LTS(32位或64位)或者Linux Mint 13 Maya,你可以添加下面[Ingo Haschler][4]的PPA源:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ingo/ios7support
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
之后,libimobiledevice库(已经安装过)会升级到不稳定的1.6版本,然后重启你的电脑,再重新连接iPhone。现在,它应该可以正常使用了。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 说明: ####
|
||||
|
||||
如果你碰到“锁定错误”,那么再试试下面的命令:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo mkdir /var/lib/lockdown
|
||||
sudo chmod 777 /va7Lib/lockdown
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu 13.10上解决iOS 7的“信任这台电脑”问题: ###
|
||||
|
||||
对于资深的Linux用户,你可以从[GitHub][5]上下载源码然后自己编译。对于使用**Ubuntu 13.10 64位**和**Linux Mint 16 64位**系统的用户,有个[Iuri Diniz][6]编译好的Debian包可以用,你可以下载安装这个.deb包,然后就可以很轻松地在Ubuntu 13.10 64位系统上看到你的iPhone了。
|
||||
|
||||
- [Ubuntu 13.10 & Linux Mint 16 64位系统可用的libimobiledevice 1.6][7]
|
||||
|
||||
双击下载后的.deb文件进行安装。提醒一下,因为Ubuntu和Linux Mint默认已经安装了这个库,所以你看到的会是升级库libimobiledevice,而不是安装它。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/install_libimobiledevice_Ubuntu.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
在装好后,你的iPhone或者iPad应该可以正常连接电脑了。下面是一张我把我的iPhone连接到一台Ubuntu 13.10电脑上的截图。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/iPhone_Ubuntu_Linux.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
我可以访问手机上的文件,还可以从Ubuntu传送文件到iPhone。它还会被Rythembox软件认到并开始同步歌曲。这不是第一次,我在把移动设备接到Ubuntu上碰到问题。上次,我写过[怎么连接Kindle Fire HD和Ubuntu][8]。
|
||||
|
||||
我希望这个快速教程也可以解决你可能碰到的“信任这台电脑”的死循环问题。如果这个方法管用,或者你仍然还是不能把你的饿iPhone连接到Ubuntu上,都可以联系我。Ciao ![](http://itsfoss.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via:
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1207812
|
||||
[2]:http://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/apple-fixes-threat-from-fake-iphone-chargers-in-ios-7
|
||||
[3]:http://www.libimobiledevice.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://launchpad.net/~ingo
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/libimobiledevice/libimobiledevice
|
||||
[6]:https://launchpad.net/~iuridiniz
|
||||
[7]:https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libimobiledevice/+bug/1207812/+attachment/3941542/+files/libimobiledevice4_1.1.6-git20140105_amd64.deb
|
||||
[8]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-connect-kindle-fire-hd-with-ubuntu-12-10/
|
@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
|
||||
如何在Linux上将HTML页面转化成png图片
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
将一个特定页面抓取为一张png图片的最简单的方法是使用[CutyCapt][1],这是一种在Linux下的方便地将HTML网页转化成不同向量和位图图像格式的命令行工具(比如,SVG, PDF, PS, PNG, JPEG, TIFF, GIF)。CutyCapt内部使用WebKit渲染引擎来导出网页渲染输出到图片文件中。它使用Qt构建,CutyCapt实际上是一个也可以在Windows上使用的跨平台应用。
|
||||
|
||||
在本篇教程中,我会描述如何**将一个HTML网页使用CutyCapt转化成png图片**。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Linux上 CutyCapt###
|
||||
|
||||
这是在特定Linux发行版上的安装命令。
|
||||
|
||||
**在Debian, Ubuntu 或者 Linux Mint 安装 CutyCapt **
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install cutycapt
|
||||
|
||||
**在Fedora上安装 CutyCapt**
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install subversion qt-devel qtwebkit-devel gcc-c++ make
|
||||
$ svn co svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/cutycapt/code/ cutycapt
|
||||
$ cd cutycapt/CutyCapt
|
||||
|
||||
在Fedora上编译前,你需要在源码上[打上补丁][2]。
|
||||
|
||||
使用文本编辑器打开CutyCapt.hpp,并且加入在文件的开头加上下面的两行。
|
||||
|
||||
#include <QNetworkReply>
|
||||
#include <QSslError>
|
||||
|
||||
最后,如下编译并安装CutyCapt。
|
||||
|
||||
$ qmake-qt4
|
||||
$ make
|
||||
$ sudo cp CutyCapt /usr/local/bin/cutycapt
|
||||
|
||||
### 在CentOS 或者 RHEL安装 CutyCapt ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先在你的Linux上[启用EPEL仓库][3]。接着和在Fedora上一样使用相同的步骤编译安装。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用CutyCapt将 HTML 转化成 PNG ###
|
||||
|
||||
将一个HTML页面截图成一个png图片,只要使用下面的格式运行CutyCapt。
|
||||
|
||||
$ cutycapt --url=http://www.cnn.com --out=cnn.png
|
||||
|
||||
要将HTML页面保存成不同的格式(比如,PDF),只要适当地指定输出文件。
|
||||
|
||||
$ cutycapt --url=http://www.cnn.com --out=cnn.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
下图显示了CutyCapt命令选项。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2811/12542271814_3c2563d405_z.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
### 在一台不含X的服务器上使用CutyCapt将HTML转换成PNG ###
|
||||
|
||||
虽然CutyCapt是一个命令行工具,但是它需要X服务运行。如果你尝试在不含X服务的机器上运行,你会得到下面这个错误:
|
||||
|
||||
cutycapt: cannot connect to X server :0
|
||||
|
||||
如果你要不含X的服务器上运行CutyCapt,你可以在服务器上安装Xvfb(轻量级“假的”X11 服务)。这样CutyCapt就不会报错了。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
要在Debian, Ubuntu 或者 Linux Mint 上安装Xvfb:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install xvfb
|
||||
|
||||
要在Fedora, CentOS 或者 RHEL 上安装Xvfb:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install xvfb
|
||||
|
||||
在安装Xvfb之后,接下来像这样运行CutyCapt。
|
||||
|
||||
$ xvfb-run --server-args="-screen 0, 1280x1200x24" cutycapt --url=http://www.cnn.com --out=cnn.png
|
||||
|
||||
它首先会运行Xbfb服务,接着使用CutyCapt来抓取网页。因此它可能会花费更长的时间。如果你想要截图多张截图,你可能事先需要将Xvfb作为后台守护进程启动。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/02/convert-html-web-page-png-image-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://cutycapt.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/hoehrmann/CutyCapt/issues/3
|
||||
[3]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/03/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
|
||||
Linux touch 命令 - 为什么我们需要改变时间戳?
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
我们可能在 Linux 下运用 touch 命令创建一个空文件。当然我们也可以使用其他命令例如 vi, nano 或是任意一个编辑工具来实现。但是你可能需要更多的步骤来完成操作。其实你要知道 touch 命令的主要功能并不是为了创建一个空文件哦。
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是 touch 命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
众所周知,每个文件都被附有时间戳。这个时间戳记包括访问时间和修改时间。而 Touch 命令主要就是用来修改文件的访问时间和修改时间。
|
||||
|
||||
### 为什么我们需要使用 touch 命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
既然 touch 命令描述的是改变时间戳,那么我们可能会想为什么我们需要去改变时间戳呢?这个问题会引发我们的深思。然而,我想有个理由可以解释为什么我们需要使用它。如果你参加了一个跨海的开源项目,那么时间戳可能变得很重要。编译源代码文件可能需要同一地区的时间戳。如果未统一,程序可能会编译失败。
|
||||
|
||||
### 不带任何选项下运行 touch ###
|
||||
|
||||
最简单的使用 touch 命令。只需键入:
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch file_name
|
||||
|
||||
请观察下面的一张截图。
|
||||
|
||||
![Touch command](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch.png)
|
||||
|
||||
**File_1.txt**原来的时间戳是 12:42。在我们使用 touch 命令后,它改变为了 17:08。由此看出,默认情况下,touch 会将文件的时间戳改为当前时间。
|
||||
|
||||
### 只改变访问时间 ###
|
||||
|
||||
正如我们之前提到的,每个文件都附有访问时间和修改时间。上面的时间戳是 17:08。我们可以看更多的细节。
|
||||
|
||||
![Detail timestamp](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_stat.png)
|
||||
|
||||
我们发现**访问**时间和**修改**时间的值是相同的都是 17:08:35 ,还有它们属于同一时区 GMT +7。
|
||||
|
||||
如果现在我们要只改变访问时间,我们需要使用**-a**选项。
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -a file_1.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Touch -a option](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_a.png)
|
||||
|
||||
如你所见,**访问时间变为**了 17:51:37 ,但是**修改时间仍为**17:08:35。[译注:原文为 Change time(状态改变时间)应是作者笔误]
|
||||
|
||||
### 只改变修改时间 ###
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以使用**-m**选项来实现。现在我们用**file_2.txt**作个示例。
|
||||
|
||||
![File_2.txt detail timestamp](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_stat_file_2.png)
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -m file_2.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Touch -m option](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_m.png)
|
||||
|
||||
现在**修改时间从 12:42:20 改为了 17:57:20。请注意**,当文件被访问或修改时,状态改变时间域的值总会对其记录。
|
||||
|
||||
### 更改为自定义时间戳 ###
|
||||
|
||||
**-a**和**-m**选项都会将文件的时间戳改为现在当前时间。当然我们也可以更改为自定义时间戳。使用**-t**选项实现。
|
||||
|
||||
从上面示例示例中的 file_2.txt,我们看出它的时间戳是:
|
||||
|
||||
访问时间:12:42:20
|
||||
修改时间:17:57:20
|
||||
执行日期:2014-01-14
|
||||
|
||||
假如我们想要将**访问时间和修改时间**改为**2014年1月12日 09:58:27**。我们可以用下列命令来完成:
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -t 201401120958.27 file_2.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Touch using -t option](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_t.png)
|
||||
|
||||
**-t** 选项语法组成 :
|
||||
|
||||
#### [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm [.SS] ####
|
||||
|
||||
CC - 年份的前两位
|
||||
YY - 年份的后两位
|
||||
MM - 月份 [01-12]
|
||||
DD - 日期 [01-31]
|
||||
hh - 时 [00-23]
|
||||
mm - 分 [00-59]
|
||||
SS - 秒 [00-61]
|
||||
|
||||
### 改变日期和时间的另一种方式 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你觉得**[[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm [.SS]**格式不适合你,我们也可以使用 -d 选项。下面是**-d**选项使用的一个示例。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 更改指定日期 ####
|
||||
|
||||
举例来说,我们有个名为 file_3.txt 的文件,它的相关属性在下面的截图中展示了。
|
||||
|
||||
![File_3.txt detail timestamp](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/stat_file_3.png)
|
||||
|
||||
现在**我们要将日期2014年1月14日改为2013年12月20日**。可以使用下列命令:
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -d ‘'10-December-2013' file_3.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Change date using -d option](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_d_date.png)
|
||||
|
||||
不出意料,访问时间和修改时间的日期已经改为了2013年12月10日。
|
||||
|
||||
### 改变时区 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果我们想改变指定GMT的时间,我们也可以使用**-d**选项。先让file_3.txt 移回当前时间。
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch file_3.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Reset file_3.txt timestamp](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_return_file_3.png)
|
||||
|
||||
不难发现 file_3.txt 的时区为 GMT +0700。要改为 GMT3 时区,我们只需要键入如下命令:
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -d GMT3 file_3.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Change into GMT3 timezone](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_gmt3.png)
|
||||
|
||||
好的,现在时间已经改为了 10:00:00 AM。
|
||||
|
||||
### 结合参数下使用-d选项 ###
|
||||
|
||||
还可以用很酷的方式使用**-d**选项。请观察下面的图片。
|
||||
|
||||
![Change date using keyword](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_next_sunday.png)
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以将单词 **next Sunday** 和 GMT 3合成一个值,而 touch 命令仍然能识别它。日期已经改为了2014年1月21日,而当前的日期为2014年1月14日。
|
||||
|
||||
还有另一个**-d**选项的示例。
|
||||
首先,我们要将file3_3.txt重置到当前日期和时间。
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch file_3.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Reset file_3.txt timestamp](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_reset_file_3.png)
|
||||
|
||||
然后我们尝试这个命令:
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -d ‘1 year ago 13:43:07’ file_3.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Change date using keyword](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_d_year_ago.png)
|
||||
|
||||
太震撼了,Touch 甚至能识别单词‘**1 year ago**’。现在的日期以及时间已经改为了2013年1月14日,13:43:07。
|
||||
|
||||
### 创建一个空文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
当你运行 touch 命令目标文件不存在时,touch 会创建一个同名的空文件。
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch file_10.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Create an empty file](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_file_10.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 同时创建多个文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你可以用空格将目标文件分割开来,以此来创建多个文件。
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch doc_10.txt doc_20.txt doc_30.txt
|
||||
|
||||
![Create multiple files](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/touch_multiple_files.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你要处理关于文件或目录的时间戳问题,那么 Touch 会对你很有用的。一如既往得你也可以键入**man touch**或**touch --help**来显示帮助页面了解更多细节。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-touch-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
|
||||
[这篇文章的翻译质量很可能要辛苦校正了!^_^]
|
||||
马克·沙特尔沃思专访:让Ubuntu超越桌面端
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
他可能已经辞去了Canonical公司的CEO,但马克·沙特尔沃思仍然是代表Ubuntu最多的公众人物。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 问:Ubuntu将会继续专注于桌面多长时间?####
|
||||
|
||||
**答:**如果你有观察到我们在桌面,手机和平板上已完成的设计工作,会发现我们已经针对性地完成了,因此我们可以将它们放到一个代码库中。目前我们正在努力的移动端代码也会是未来的桌面代码库:你的手机可以给你一个桌面环境,因为它包含了在此之上的所有桌面端代码。
|
||||
|
||||
> 目前我们正在努力的移动端代码也会是未来的桌面代码库
|
||||
|
||||
实际的代码合并会在下一个主周期里的某个时间点进行 - 不会在14.04版本中,但有可能在14.10或15.04中。我们相信我们有能力在微软完成合并移动端和PC端的Windows系统前完成这一计划,尽管微软公司表示这是它在设计和发展上的目标。
|
||||
|
||||
一旦我们合并完这些代码,就会产生一个疑问:六个月的发行周期是否有更多的意义。手机和平板用户习惯于在任何时刻更新手机系统,因此我们可能会软化六个月的周期,持续发布更新。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 问:安卓和iOS已经发展得很好了,你是如何鼓舞开发者们为Ubuntu开发应用程序的呢?####
|
||||
|
||||
**答:** 这是个关键性的问题。Ubuntu是各种[云计算][1]上的首要平台 - 例如,Instagram全部都部署在Ubuntu上,以及人们移动设备里运行的游戏和服务的后端在云端运行在Ubuntu。因此,在这方面上,我们感受到很强烈的责任。
|
||||
|
||||
我认为在Ubuntu和Windows 8之间主要的不同是Ubuntu是基于Linux,就像安卓一样。这意味着Ubuntu相比Windows与为安卓平台设计的web应用和原生应用关系更紧密一些。很多安卓开发者使用Ubuntu,在Ubutu上开发应用程序,因此对他们来说同时瞄准这两个平台开发更加容易。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 问:目前有任何硬件合作者支持为手机和平板开发Ubuntu吗?####
|
||||
|
||||
**答:**我们在很多家居品牌上看到了测试设备。这些公司都有内部团队关注着它们未来的选择,很难去影响他们的,他们所想的才是他们最感兴趣的。
|
||||
|
||||
但是我们也发现了很多公司使用前沿的设备并放在Ubuntu平台上。既然Ubuntu也是Linux,所以对他们而言如果想要流水线生产安卓设备相对很容易。这是一个十分强烈的兴趣信号,暗示他们正在独立地将Ubuntu安装到设备上并将其呈现给运营商。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 问:你是否对Ubuntu Edge没能获得资助感到失望?####
|
||||
|
||||
**答:**我感到非常失望,因为我们没有能够将它转变成现实。我持续地受到人们发来的电子邮件,在其中写到“我支持Edge,为它没有诞生感到难过”。但我也因为我们所做到的程度而被众口称赞。对我们来说使得设备被生产会是一个巨大的保证,但如果你考虑到已有的手机生产商,他们可能会以较低的[资金]上限来对待Edge。
|
||||
|
||||
我们也看到了在利益趋同上的上升。人们表示,“使得,移动处理器正在追赶着台式机”。当苹果发布下一代iPhone [5s]时,它声称处理器是“桌面级的”,我不认为这是不可能的。
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个难得的机会,或许该公司过早地幸灾乐祸了,发给我们认为是一个非常清晰的信号:它会普及到iPhone手机和MacBook Air笔记本电脑。除非你打算用这种CPU去制造一台桌面设备,去讨论这种CPU的机器性能是没有任何意义的。
|
||||
|
||||
因此,当我为我们没有成功实现Edge感到失望时,我也确信这个想法会被实现的。我们的重点是拥有这个融合世界上最好的软件协议栈。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 问:你个人使用的是什么类型的智能手机?####
|
||||
|
||||
**答:**我的智能手机上运行着Ubuntu,它是一台Nexus,并且我已经替换了安卓。我也拥有一些运行着Windows Phone,iOS和安卓的设备。这样帮助我了解用户期望得到的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 问:Ubuntu电视的开发进度如何?它在2012就已经发布,但从此却杳无音讯了。####
|
||||
|
||||
**答:** Ubuntu电视已经并入到移动端代码了。目前我们正致力于生产。这次发行可能是手机,下次是平板,最后一切都将融合在一起。我们将得到一个代码库,将成为跨越所有这些不同形式的因素的Ubuntu的经验。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/interviews/386080/mark-shuttleworth-interview-taking-ubuntu-beyond-desktops
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.cloudpro.co.uk/
|
@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu将在整合操作系统的战役中击败微软
|
||||
========================================
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ubuntu-tv-pc-smartphone-tablet.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Canonical通过Ubuntu的发行正在开发一种无需不同版本就能够在不同平台运行的统一的操作系统,这意味着人们通过同一张从[Ubuntu.com][1] 下载的iso镜像就可以在桌面,手机,平板甚至电视上运行Ubuntu系统。
|
||||
|
||||
不久之前就有传闻说微软正在做同样的工作,他们准备在消灭不尽人意的Windows RT之后使统一的Windows运行在不同平台上。
|
||||
|
||||
他们(微软)已经开发了一种叫做Metro的十分热门的统一用户交互界面,但Metro在不同的操作系统中有不同的版本。因为Windows RT是专门为32位的ARM处理器而设计的,不同的版本会造成很多迷惑以及兼容性问题。
|
||||
|
||||
然而在一场采访中,Shuttleworth告诉[PcPro][2]的记者,Canonical可能会在微软之前发布一种真正的移动/桌面整合的操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
> 真正的移动/桌面的整合会发生在下一个重要的发布周期——不会出现在14.04的更新中,但它可能会出现在14.10或者15.04。我们相信我们可以在微软对移动端和桌面平台的整合之前发布,虽然在移动端和桌面平台的整合也是微软确立的在设计与开发两方面的目标。
|
||||
|
||||
当问到像Android一样良好发展中的操作系统以及缓慢然而稳定发展的Windows是否会对Canonical的未来发展的雄心壮志产生威胁时,Shuttleworth回答道
|
||||
|
||||
> 我认为我们和Windows8的最大不同是,我们是基于Linux的,就像Android一样。这意味着为Android设计的web以及本地应用比起Windows将会对Ubuntu更加有好。很大部分的Android开发者使用着Ubuntu作为他们的操作系统,而且他们基本上在Ubuntu中开发这些应用,因此对他们来说,同时开发Ubuntu的应用将会变得十分方便。
|
||||
|
||||
Shuttleworth并没有确认Canonical的任何官方硬件合作伙伴,但他承认有一些“家喻户晓”的品牌厂商正在一些“尖端产品”上内部测试Ubuntu系统。
|
||||
|
||||
Shuttleworth也暗示Canonical将会改变Ubuntu的6个月的发布周期,并将其改变为实时的更新。
|
||||
|
||||
> 一旦我们实现了移动端与桌面平台的整合,将会产生“6个月的发布周期是否有用?”这个问题。手机和平板用户们已经习惯了手机上的实时更新,因此我们可能会模糊“发布周期”这个概念,并采用“实时发布”这个解决方案。
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/ubuntu-will-beat-microsoft/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:ThomazL(https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/interviews/386080/mark-shuttleworth-interview-taking-ubuntu-beyond-desktops
|
||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
||||
[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
[12]:
|
@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
|
||||
如果托瓦兹接受了乔布斯的职业建议会怎样?
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Linux和Git这两个伟大的开源项目的创始人托瓦兹曾被苹果的老板乔布斯提供工作。托瓦兹从未见过微软的比尔盖茨,但却在2000年的时候遇上了乔布斯。那时候的他任职于美国半导体设计公司全美达(Transmeta)。乔布斯邀请托瓦兹去位于库比蒂诺的苹果总部工作,为他提供丰厚的薪水和优越的职位,但是他在苹果的工作却是与Linux无关的。正是由于这个原因托瓦兹拒绝了乔布斯的邀请。况且,托瓦兹根本就不喜欢苹果操作系统的内核Mach。
|
||||
|
||||
![Linus Torvalds](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Linux-Torvalds.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
### 如果托瓦兹接受了邀请会怎么样?###
|
||||
|
||||
在那个时候如果托瓦兹答应乔布斯去苹果工作,那现在的世界就不一样了。我们不会有Linux,Kindle和Android。互联网上一半以上的内容和超过九成的服务器都将不复存在。毫不夸张的说,世界绝不可能是现在这个样子。
|
||||
|
||||
### 托瓦兹拒绝乔布斯的负面影响有哪些? ###
|
||||
|
||||
本来我们可以看到托瓦兹和乔布斯两个天才在一起工作。或许世界也将从他们俩的合作中获益。但可以肯定的是,我们将冒着失去Linux的风险。
|
||||
|
||||
### 托瓦兹作为他自己 ###
|
||||
|
||||
有时候,托瓦兹由于他那些极具争议的言论而显得傲慢。但这与他对世界的贡献是不相符的。他创造了Linux和Git两个极好的开源项目,并使他们自由免费。有许多攻讦托瓦兹的言论说他从没有拿出他的部分收入来改善这个世界。但事实上,托瓦兹对于他人贡献是难以想象的。托瓦兹将他最完美的作品变得自由免费。而他本可以从中获得数以亿计的收入。他将他所拥有的一切无私平等地奉献给了整个世界。
|
||||
|
||||
### 托瓦兹作为一个人 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Linux内核的总设计师是一个很好而有趣的人。他谈论着世界的各个方面。他的博客涉及孩子、万圣节和祖国等方方面面。你可以通过博客和G+来关注他。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 关注托瓦兹的博客 ####
|
||||
|
||||
- [http://torvalds-family.blogspot.in/][1]
|
||||
- [http://www.linuxfoundation.org/blogs/linus-torvalds][2]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 关注托瓦兹的G+ ####
|
||||
|
||||
- [https://plus.google.com/+LinusTorvalds/posts][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### 托瓦兹鲜为人知之事 ###
|
||||
|
||||
- 年薪:1000万美元
|
||||
- 身价:15亿美元
|
||||
- 版本控制系统RCS,Git和Linux内核的创始人。
|
||||
- 托瓦兹更乐于使用开源软件,但他从不介意通过商业软件来获得最佳的效果。
|
||||
- 在2008年和2012年的采访中,托瓦兹表示自己喜欢使用Fedora系统是由于Fedora对于PowerPC系列处理器的良好支持。
|
||||
- 由于Linux基金会的赞助,托瓦兹可以全身心地投入到Linux的开发中去。
|
||||
|
||||
### 托瓦兹的至理名言 ###
|
||||
|
||||
托瓦兹说过的一些话.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 引用 ####
|
||||
|
||||
> “托瓦兹不戴眼镜,他已经把X11系统当作了他的眼镜,所以他不再需要眼镜。”
|
||||
>
|
||||
> “当你说,我写了一款摧毁Windows的软件,人们只会一脸茫然地对你说,我已经在使用这款免费的软件。”
|
||||
>
|
||||
> “只有懦夫才使用磁盘来维护备份的文件,强者将文件上传至公共的FTP服务器让所有人来下载。”
|
||||
>
|
||||
> “你看,为了写出Linux这样的系统,你不仅需要是一位好的程序员,还要是一个狡猾的坏蛋。”
|
||||
|
||||
#### 名言 ####
|
||||
|
||||
> “让Linux在GPL协议下自由发展是我做的过最美好的事。”
|
||||
|
||||
### 结论 ###
|
||||
|
||||
有些人认为,如果托瓦兹没有创造出Linux,其他人也可能创造出类似的系。例如“米歇尔”也许会会写出一款叫做“Michel”的操作系统。说这些并不是让我们低估托瓦兹的能力,牺牲以及他所作的贡献。
|
||||
|
||||
托瓦兹是一个救世主、极客、开发者、美国宇航局研究实验室的管理、白帽子黑客等其他托瓦兹所做过的职业。托瓦兹的优越感对于他自己而言没有任何问题。世界也会感谢他的。
|
||||
|
||||
这是全部了,我会继续带着你们喜欢的文章和大家见面。请在下面的评论区分享你们宝贵的意见。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/what-if-linus-torvalds-would-have-accepted-job-proposal-of-steve-jobs/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[YangYuxiang](https://github.com/YangYuxiang) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://torvalds-family.blogspot.in/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/blogs/linus-torvalds
|
||||
[3]:https://plus.google.com/+LinusTorvalds/posts
|
@ -2,19 +2,19 @@
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://readwrite.com/files/styles/630_0su/public/fields/shutterstock_134327498.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Linux桌面系统是一个难用的集合。尽管已经有非常明显的证据显示,Linux桌面没有任何一丝机会让自己变成主流,那些为Linux辩护的人仍然扭着手[说][1]:“我们已经基本成功了!。。。或者有一点儿 。 ”
|
||||
Linux桌面系统是一个难用的集合。尽管已经有非常明显的证据显示,Linux桌面没有任何一丝机会让自己变成主流,那些为Linux辩护的人仍然扭着手[说][1]:“我们基本上已经成功了!……某种程度上…… ”
|
||||
|
||||
当然,确实可以说(而且[我也已经这么说好些年了][2])Linux[借助][3]Android的身份已经稳坐了“桌面系统”冠军,但这也相当于Linux在桌面操作系统中领域的彻底失败。
|
||||
当然,确实可以说(而且[我也已经这么说好些年了][2])Linux[借助][3]Android的身份已经稳坐了“桌面系统”冠军,但这恰恰证明了Linux在桌面操作系统领域中的彻底失败。
|
||||
|
||||
原因很简单:对于瓦莱丽来说,Linux系统从来没有足够简单和有用。
|
||||
|
||||
### 最适合瓦莱丽的操作系统 ###
|
||||
|
||||
瓦莱丽是一位女士,25年来她每六个星期替我剪一次头发。她不是什么技术的早期使用者,而是当前主流大众的一个,而且[如果瓦莱丽在用某项技术][4],那么基本上表明所有其他人已经在用了。
|
||||
瓦莱丽是一位女士,25年来她每六个星期替我剪一次头发。她不是什么技术的早期使用者,而是当前主流大众的一个,而且[如果瓦莱丽在用某项技术][4],那么基本上表明所有其他人都已经在用了。
|
||||
|
||||
瓦莱丽最近在试着从Windows电脑切换到MacBook。按照她地兴趣(主要是摄影),我曾经觉得一台Mac会是非常棒的选择。但是,她却在挣扎着想要搞明白怎么导入她保存在希捷移动硬盘上的相片用于编辑,因为Mac不能正常识别她的移动硬盘([似乎是个普遍问题][5])。百思买客服的建议是,她需要格式化她的希捷硬盘来让Mac OS X兼容。如果她那么做的话,那她所有的数据也就没了。
|
||||
瓦莱丽最近在试着从Windows电脑切换到MacBook。按照她的兴趣(主要是摄影),我曾经觉得一台Mac会是非常棒的选择。但是,她却在挣扎着想要搞明白怎么把她保存在希捷移动硬盘上的相片导入Mac好进行编辑,因为Mac不能正常识别她的移动硬盘([似乎是个普遍问题][5])。百思买客服的建议是,她需要格式化她的希捷硬盘来让Mac OS X兼容。如果她那么做的话,那她所有的数据也就没了。
|
||||
|
||||
瓦莱丽被吓到了,她可不想32,000张图片不能用,甚至更悲剧-没了。
|
||||
瓦莱丽被吓到了,她可不想32,000张图片数据不能访问,甚至更悲剧-没了。
|
||||
|
||||
在我剪完头发后,我试着帮他设定她的新MacBook。我注意到她的Windows笔记本上装了Netflix应用,但是在Mac上却没有。原来,在Mac笔记本上,她不知道怎么处理转移文件、删除程序、或者其他什么事情,这些她已经能很自然地在Windows电脑上完成的事情。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -26,27 +26,27 @@ Linux桌面系统是一个难用的集合。尽管已经有非常明显的证据
|
||||
|
||||
对大多数人来说,大多数情况下,答案是Windows。或者,随着iPhone和iPad的流行,因为可以和Mac OS X完美地同步数据,选择Mac OS X的人也渐渐多起来。但是,很少会有人的答案是Linux。
|
||||
|
||||
丹.库斯尼茨基提供了非常多的[Linux永远不会在企业中流行的原因][6],但是对于我来说,分析的真正对象是世界上的所有“瓦莱丽”。
|
||||
丹.库斯尼茨基提供了非常多的[Linux永远不会在企业中流行的原因][6],但是对于我来说,分析的真正对象是世界上所有的“瓦莱丽”们。
|
||||
|
||||
假如瓦莱丽用的是iPad或者iPhone,那她就有非常足够的理由来使用Mac。但是她没有,因为价格因素,她拥有Android智能手机和Android平板。而且,这些设备大多数时候被她用作一个漂亮的电影播放器。对于瓦莱丽的这些需求,Linux没有任何帮助,也没有任何联系。
|
||||
|
||||
所以,当[人们争论说Linux已经足够好了][7]的时候,我会觉得莫名其妙:
|
||||
|
||||
> 对于Linux来说,它完全没有必要在桌面系统中去“击败Windows”来获得成功。它需要的是是提供一个切实可行的Windows或者其他桌面系统的替代品。而且它已经反复这么做很多年了。如今,任何想要抛弃微软的Windows用户,都可以切换到Linux来满足自己的计算需求。
|
||||
> 对于Linux来说,它完全没有必要在桌面系统中去“击败Windows”来获得成功。它需要的是提供一个切实可行的Windows或者其他桌面系统的替代品。而且它已经反复这么做很多年了。如今,任何想要抛弃微软的Windows用户,都可以切换到Linux来满足自己的计算需求。
|
||||
|
||||
这很明显不是真的,简直让人透不过气来。是的,人们可以从Linux那里得到基础的计算功能,甚至高级功能。但是,他们却不能从手上已有的设备或者体验中平滑地过渡。
|
||||
|
||||
### 网络是新的Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
比起Linux,我更觉得新的“桌面系统”赢家会是Google。不是Android,而是Google本身。就像[史蒂文 J. 沃恩尼克尔斯][8]提到的,Google的Chromebook已经飞快地被买走,因为它提供了优秀廉价的Google服务。我看到瓦莱丽在用Chromebook,因为它将她喜爱的Google体验扩展到一个新(实际上不那么新)的形式上。感谢Picasa,她已经用来保存相片的副本,她不用再烦恼了。
|
||||
比起Linux,我更觉得新的“桌面系统”赢家会是Google。不是Android,而是Google本身。就像[史蒂文 J. 沃恩尼克尔斯][8]提到的,Google的Chromebook已经飞快地被买走,因为它提供了优秀廉价的Google服务。我看到瓦莱丽在用Chromebook,因为它将她喜爱的Google体验扩展到一个新(实际上不那么新)的形式上。感谢Picasa,她已经用它来保存相片的副本,她不用再烦恼了。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux和瓦莱丽的需求完全无关,不是说实现不了,而是因为Linux要求瓦莱丽去适应它,而不是它去适应瓦莱丽的需求。所以你看,这个世界上有成千上万的“瓦莱丽”,他们选择桌面系统不是阵营问题,而更多的是方便性。而Linux桌面在前一个方面做得太多了,没有考虑后面。
|
||||
Linux和瓦莱丽的需求完全无关,不是说实现不了,而是因为Linux要求瓦莱丽去适应它,而不是它去适应瓦莱丽的需求。所以你看,这个世界上有成千上万的“瓦莱丽”,他们选择桌面系统不是阵营问题,而更多的是方便性。而Linux桌面在前一个方面做得太多,却没有足够地考虑后者。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/01/23/why-the-linux-desktop-never-mattered#feed=/hack&awesm=~ou6OVYfWhEnIe6
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对:[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user