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sources/news/20220708 Meta-s AI Model That Helps Overcome Language Barrier Is Now Open-Source.md
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[#]: subject: "Meta’s AI Model That Helps Overcome Language Barrier Is Now Open-Source"
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/meta-open-source-ai-model/"
[#]: author: "Rishabh Moharir https://news.itsfoss.com/author/rishabh/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "fenglyulin"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Meta’s AI Model That Helps Overcome Language Barrier Is Now Open-Source
======
No Language Left Behind by Meta is an ambitious open-source project which aims to translate languages with the highest level of accuracy.
![meta][1]
Meta (formerly known as Facebook) has made quite a splash in the open-source world. If you did not know, Meta works on various research and innovative projects like React (a JavaScript library) apart from focusing on the metaverse and its social media platforms.
Researchers at Meta have decided to open-source one such project, an AI model called ‘*No Language Left Behind*‘.
### Meta’s Attempt To Leave No Language Behind
![200 languages within a single AI model: A breakthrough in high-quality machine translation][2]
While around 7000 languages are spoken in the world today, most of the online content is available in a handful of popular languages like English. This leaves many people who don’t know such languages at a disadvantage.
While many tools exist for translation, grammatical errors can make content difficult to read and understand. Moreover, if you are looking to translate it into a language that is not popular, it won’t be a pretty experience.
Specifically, for languages of Africa and Asia.
Hence, Meta is working on a translational tool with one of the highest quality results recorded that can help counter this global issue.
No Language Left Behind or simply **NLLB-200** is a machine translation model that can translate over 200 languages using artificial intelligence
NLLB’s performance in each language is determined and evaluated using a complex dataset called FLORES-200 (if you’re curious).
As stated by Meta, NLLB’s results are 40% better than “previous AI research” methods. It even has an accuracy of over 70% for some of the least-common languages. That’s quite an impressive feat!
To help develop and improve the quality of translations, Meta has made the source code open to all interested researchers. This includes code for NLLB-200, FLORES-200, model training, and re-creating the training database.
You can find the source code on [GitHub][3] and learn more about the project in its [research blog post][4].
### Rewards for Social Cause
Meta has announced rewards of up to $200,00 of grants for non-profit organizations and researchers who are working on any areas of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and translating African languages.
Other researchers currently working in academic fields like linguistics and machine translation are also encouraged to apply.
### The Impact of this Project
Although Meta intends to mostly make use of NLLB across its digital platforms, particularly the Metaverse, it can be hugely impactful in other domains as well.
Many users will be able to access and easily read online resources in their native languages without a lot of effort. The idea of making it an open-source project should allow the community to help make this happen.
*What are your thoughts on this project by Meta?*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/meta-open-source-ai-model/
作者：[Rishabh Moharir][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/rishabh/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/meta-makes-ai-language-model-opensource.jpg
[2]: https://youtu.be/uCxSPPiwrNE
[3]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq/tree/nllb
[4]: https://ai.facebook.com/blog/nllb-200-high-quality-machine-translation/

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sources/tech/20220606 10 Best Ubuntu Apps for Everyone in 2022 [Part 2].md
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[#]: subject: "10 Best Ubuntu Apps for Everyone in 2022 [Part 2]"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/best-ubuntu-apps-2022-part2/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "Donkey"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
10 Best Ubuntu Apps for Everyone in 2022 [Part 2]
======
This article lists the top 10 best Ubuntu apps for different use cases in 2022.
If you plan to migrate to Linux permanently, you should be happy knowing that there are thousands of applications that can compete with commercial or paid applications. Also, if you are a Windows user and using Linux first time, then you may not hear of those apps.
Hence, in this article series, we are highlighting a set of Ubuntu apps at a time to increase collaboration and awareness among the user base.
This is part 2 of the Ubuntu Apps series. If you missed the other parts in this series, read them here:
* [Part 1][1]
* [Part 3][2]
### Best Ubuntu Apps in 2022 – Part 2
#### 1. OBS Studio
The first application is the famous [streaming application][3] – OBS Studio. It is a free and open-source application primarily used for streaming over the internet. In addition, using this application, you can create a complex streaming project using multiple sources, overlay banners and more.
Furthermore, thanks to its support of “Real-Time Messaging Protocol” (RTMP), you can use this app to stream on Facebook, YouTube, Twitch and another supported platform.
This decade-old application is one of the best apps for Linux.
![OBS Studio][4]
You can learn more about OBS Studio here at the [official home page][5] and download or install it via the below methods.
Via PPA in Ubuntu and related distribution:
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:obsproject/obs-studio
sudo apt update
sudo apt install obs-studio
```
If you wish for Flatpak, then [setup your system for Flatpak][6] and [install via this page][7].
For Arch Linux and others, [visit this page for more information.][8]
#### 2. Inkscape
The second application in this is the popular Inkscape application. Inkscape is a free and cross-platform vector graphics editor. It is primarily used to create scalable vector graphics. In addition, it is a world-class application which uses basic vector shapes such as rectangles, polygons, spirals and more. You can create world-class drawings using these primitive shapes and their additional tools (see below).
Furthermore, you can also create [stunning animations][9] using Inkscape with sufficient skills. It is one of the must-have applications for artists.
![Sample Image – credit-Inkscape][10]
![Inkscape][11]
You can learn more about Inkscape here at the [official home page][12] and download or install it via the below methods.
Via PPA in Ubuntu and other Linux distributions:
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:inkscape.dev/stable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install inkscape
```
For other download methods, visit [this page][13].
#### 3. GIMP
The GIMP aka GNU Image Manipulation Program is a raster graphics editor which is sometimes considered a debatable-[Photoshop alternative][14] in the Linux world. In addition, this two-decade-old application is perfect for basic to advanced image editing. Moreover, it supports layers, filters, decorations, and other advanced image editing features essential for a photography workflow.
![GIMP Image Editor][15]
A great way to learn more about GIMP is at the [official home page][16]and download or install via the below methods.
The recommended way is Flatpak to get the latest GIMP version. You can set up[your system][17] for Flatpak and [click here to install][18].
For more download options, visit [this page][19].
#### 4. Spotify
Spotify is a proprietary audio streaming and media services provider. It is one of the most extensive music streaming services, with over 400+ million monthly users.
Firstly, to access the Spotify streaming service, you need a client. Secondly, If you are a mobile user, you can use the Spotify app from Google Play Store or Apple App Store.
You can listen to millions of songs on your Linux desktop by installing the desktop client. For Linux distributions, you can install the Spotify client from various sources.
![Spotify Client in Ubuntu][20]
The recommended method for Ubuntu and other Linux is using the Snap package. You can install it via the below command.
```
snap install spotify
```
If you prefer the native deb package, you can install it using the below commands.
```
curl -sS https://download.spotify.com/debian/pubkey_5E3C45D7B312C643.gpg | sudo apt-key add -echo "deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list
```
There is also an unofficial [Flatpak package available][21], which you can take advantage of.
#### 5. SimpleScreen recorder
The simplescreenrecorder is perhaps the best open-source screen recorder available. This application is straightforward to use and loaded with features. In addition, its unique 3-step approach to recording the screen which requires no learning at all. Moreover, you can select the entire screen, a window or a custom shape to record the screen.
Furthermore, you can also specify the auto/video bit rate, audio source options and different output options. Finally, it is available to install in all Linux distributions.
![SimpleScreenRecorder][22]
The [official home page][23] contains more details about SimpleScreenRecorder, and you can download it using the below methods.
Using the PPA commands below, you can install this application in Ubuntu and other related distributions.
```
sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install simplescreenrecorder
```
For additional download instructions, visit [this page][24].
#### 6. Calibre
Calibre is a free and open-source e-book library management application available in Ubuntu, Linux Mint and other Linux platforms. It brings library management, e-book conversion, sync to your e-book devices and more unique features. Moreover, you can download news and other articles from the web and convert them to e-book formats using Calibre. In addition, it supports a wide range of e-book formats for management. Calibre is one of the best e-book management applications with all these features.
![Calibre][25]
A lot of documentation and tutorials are available on the [home page of Calibre][26], and you can download them using the below means.
* [Download for Linux distributions][27]
* [Download for other operating systems][28]
#### 7. Scribus
Desktop publishing changed over the years. Today, there are several applications and web-based services available for desktop publishing. Scribus is one of the early free and open-source desktop publishing applications available for Linux distributions and other operating systems. In addition, it is based on Qt and brings an appealing user interface which you can learn in no time. Furthermore, it can be used by beginners to professionals to create stunning DTP pages.
And it is still in active development.
![Scribus][29]
You can learn more about Scribus here at the [official home page][30] and download or install it via the below methods.
Scribus is in the main repo for Ubuntu and other related distributions. You can run the below command to install.
```
sudo apt install scribus
```
For other download options, visit [this page][31].
#### 8. MyPaint
The eighth application in this is MyPaint. MyPaint is a free and open-source drawing program for digital artists. MyPaint supports and can be used in pressure-sensitive tablets and devices. In addition, its unique distraction-free design lets you focus on the drawing instead of the application. Furthermore, it brings a real pencil and brushes emulation with a wide range of brushes, colours and layers.
![MyPaint 2.0.1][32]
For more information, visit the [official homepage][33] of MyPaint and download using the below methods.
The recommended install method is Flatpak. You can set up your [system for Flatpak][34] and install it by [clicking here][35].
For other download options, visit [this page][36].
#### 9. LibreOffice
If any professional Office suite comes close to the market leader Microsoft Office is the Document Foundation’s LibreOffice. It is the default Office suite for all Linux Distributions. It comes with a spreadsheet program (Calc), word processor (Writer), presentation (Impress) and Draw (for drawing). Moreover, it also brings a database system LibreOffice Base and Math to prepare mathematical formulas.
In addition to that, LibreOffice features two editions. Firstly, the community edition is for the community and general uses and comes with the latest features and updates. The second edition is for business, and it’s called the enterprise edition. The enterprise edition is more stable and perfect for professional work.
LibreOffice office suite is installed by default in Ubuntu.
![LibreOffice 7.3.x Community Edition in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish][37]
[LibreOffice’s official documentation][38] is vast, and you can go through them through any means, including its [friendly forum][39]. You can download LibreOffice [from here][40].
Also, if you are planning to upgrade LibreOffice, you can [visit our guide here][41].
#### 10. Cawbird
If you are a heavy Twitter user, you may consider a desktop app. Cawbird is a desktop Twitter client for Linux distributions. Fork of the prior Corebird app (discontinued), Cawbird brings inline image, video preview, list support, etc. In addition, it can do a full-text search on Twitter and support multiple Twitter accounts.
However, due to Twitter API limitations, it refreshes every two minutes and several other restrictions such as no notification for follows, unfollows, block, mute and other features. Twitter imposed these limitations.
![Cawbird][42]
Finally, you can download the Cawbird for all Linux distributions using the [link present here][43].
### Closing Notes
This concludes part 2 of a 5-part series of best Ubuntu Apps in 2022. I expect you get to install and use some of these applications in Ubuntu and other distros for your daily work. Also, let me know which apps you prefer from this list in the comment box below.
Finally, stay tuned for part 3 of this Ubuntu apps series. If you missed the other parts of this series, you can read them here:
* [Part 1][44]
* [Part 3][45]
Cheers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/best-ubuntu-apps-2022-part2/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[Donkey](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/essential-ubuntu-apps-2022-part-1/
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/necessary-ubuntu-apps-2022/
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/live-streaming-applications-linux-2022/
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/OBS-Studio.jpg
[5]: https://obsproject.com/
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/07/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/
[7]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.obsproject.Studio
[8]: https://obsproject.com/wiki/unofficial-linux-builds
[9]: https://inkscape.org/gallery/
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Sample-Image-credit-Inkscape.jpg
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Inkscape-Running.png
[12]: https://inkscape.org/
[13]: https://inkscape.org/release/
[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/09/3-best-free-photoshop-alternatives-ubuntu-linux/
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/GIMP-Running.png
[16]: https://www.gimp.org/
[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/07/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/
[18]: https://flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gimp.GIMP.flatpakref
[19]: https://www.gimp.org/downloads/
[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Spotify-Client-in-Ubuntu.jpg
[21]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.spotify.Client
[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/SimpleScreenRecorder.jpg
[23]: https://www.maartenbaert.be/simplescreenrecorder/
[24]: https://www.maartenbaert.be/simplescreenrecorder/#download
[25]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Calibre.png
[26]: https://calibre-ebook.com/
[27]: https://calibre-ebook.com/download_linux
[28]: https://calibre-ebook.com/download
[29]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Scribus.jpg
[30]: https://www.scribus.net/
[31]: https://www.scribus.net/downloads/stable-branch/
[32]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MyPaint-2.0.1.png
[33]: http://mypaint.org/
[34]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/07/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/
[35]: https://flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.mypaint.MyPaint.flatpakref
[36]: http://mypaint.org/downloads/
[37]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/LibreOffice-7.3.x-Community-Edition-in-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS-Jammy-Jellyfish.jpg
[38]: https://help.libreoffice.org/latest/index.html
[39]: https://ask.libreoffice.org/
[40]: https://www.libreoffice.org/download/download/
[41]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/libreoffice-upgrade-update-latest/
[42]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Cawbird.jpg
[43]: https://software.opensuse.org//download.html?project=home%3AIBBoard%3Acawbird&package=cawbird
[44]: https://www.debugpoint.com/essential-ubuntu-apps-2022-part-1/
[45]: https://www.debugpoint.com/necessary-ubuntu-apps-2022/

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[#]: subject: "DAT Linux: Perfect Distro for Data Science Based on Ubuntu LTS"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/dat-linux-review/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
DAT Linux: Perfect Distro for Data Science Based on Ubuntu LTS
======
We review the first beta version of DAT Linux, curated only for data scientists.
Data science is in massive demand today, including job prospects, learning, university courses, etc. It’s a stream which deals with extracting meaningful inferences by applying algorithms and AI models.
Most of today’s commercial data science products are available from the major tech players. And those products target large enterprises with critical businesses. But hundreds of free and open-source tools, packages, and programs are available for data science work that many are unaware of.
Hence, setting up a working Linux system with those tools for data science work takes significant time because it requires little research, download & installation and so on.
Keeping that in mind, DAT Linux brings a vast, pre-installed, pre-configured set of tools and programs with its native tools to assist data scientists, students, teachers and hobbyists.
In this article, we review DAT Linux and its Beta release.
![DAT Linux 1.0b Desktop][1]
### DAT Linux Review
#### Base and Installation
The name “DAT” is a stripped-down version of the word “DATA”. As its target is Data Science, it became “DAT Linux” as a short.
At its core, DAT Linux is based on Ubuntu LTS, i.e. [Lubuntu 22.04 LTS][2] as of its 1.0b (Beta) release, which is the target version of this review.
The choice of Lubuntu with LXQt desktop is interesting, considering KDE Plasma or Xfce for a traditional desktop look. Perhaps, the performance is the aim of a data science work which may take considerable system resources. And LXQt desktop is probably the most lightweight desktop environment today.
The installer size is 3.3 GB, almost identical to the [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][3]. However, there is a slight difference in the installer.
DAT Linux uses a customised Calamares Installer in place of the Ubiquity installer from Ubuntu. However, an installer doesn’t mean much, but Calamares is by far the best installer available today in terms of usability & stability.
During the test, the installation went smooth and no major problems and errors for this beta version of DAT Linux.
#### First Look and Desktop
Lubuntu is [super-lightweight distribution][4] thanks to the LXQt desktop and its components. The LXQt brings several native apps such as QTerminal, and PCManFM-QT file manager.
The beauty of a traditional icon and menu-based desktop environment is its usability and time-tested approach. Moreover, you care less about desktop themes and looks when working on serious data science projects.
The LXQt desktop in DAT Linux is a stock experience with a bottom main panel. It has the application menu at the left, a list of open applications and windows in the middle and the system tray at the right. By default, LXQt offers four workspaces which I believe are more than sufficient to logically diving your data science apps for work.
Overall, it’s a fast, clean desktop perfect for work or projects.
#### The difference with the stock-Lubuntu
The default applications for various tasks are slightly different from a stock Lubuntu version. Firstly, the default web browser is LibreWolf (and not Firefox), a free and open-source privacy-focused browser.
Secondly, for installing additional apps and packages, it brings KDE’s Discover, which is a central tool to install, remove and manage software and packages. In addition, DAT Linux also brings Muon package manager by KDE (which we featured in [Best KDE Apps Part 2][5]). The Muon package manager is also a powerful package manager for searching and installing packages. In addition, you can easily manage software sources and PPAs using Muon.
![Muon Package Manager][6]
Other extra software includes Vim editor, [nobleNote notebook manager][7], VLC Media Player, Xscreensaver and Picom. Also, LibreOffice is pre-installed in DAT Linux.
However, Flatpak and Snap (daemons) are not pre-installed – which is suitable for a lightweight system.
#### Data Science Applications & Native Tools
The primary focus of this distro is Data science, which is loaded with all the necessary apps for this stream.
The application list is spread across dynamic programming languages, Python libraries, Business Intelligence reporting tools, scientific graph plotters and many more.
Here’s the sample list of data science applications (You can read the detailed list [here][8]):
| App Name | Description |
| :- | :- |
| BiRT | Eclipse BIRT™ is an open source reporting system for producing compelling BI reports |
| Julia | Julia is a high-level, high-performance, dynamic programming language |
| Jupyter Notebook | The Jupyter Notebook is a web-based interactive, scientific computing platform |
| Jupyter Lab | JupyterLab is the latest web-based interactive development environment for notebooks, code, and data |
| MOA | MOA is an open source framework for Big Data stream mining. It includes a collection of machine learning algorithms |
| OpenRefine | OpenRefine is an open-source desktop application for data cleanup and transformation to other formats |
| PSPP | GNU PSPP is a program for statistical analysis of sampled data. It is a free as in freedom replacement for the proprietary program SPSS |
| R | R is a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics |
| R-Studio | RStudio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for R |
| Spyder | Spyder is a free and open source scientific environment written in Python, for Python, and designed by and for scientists, engineers and data analysts |
As you can see, the above list should be sufficient for any data science use cases, whether you are a student, teacher, freelancer or professional.
#### DAT Linux Control Panel
DAT Linux folks also thought of a proper way of finding and launching these extra apps.
To do that, it brings DAT Linux Control Panel, a grid-based app launcher for the data science apps classified by functionalities in separate tabs.
It also gives you several additional options for native DAT Linux apps such as software updater, programming language cheat sheets & references, etc.
![DAT Linux Control Panel][9]
Finally, this release brings [Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS][10] with [Python 3.10][11] & [LXQt 0.17][12] – which is the base for Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.
#### Performance
The performance metric is impressive. At its idle state, DAT Linux uses 500 MB to 700 MB of RAM, and the CPU is, on average, 4%. Most of the system resources are consumed by Systemd services.
The metric obviously goes up when you run many data science applications and browsers. Since the idle state performance is good, I believe the heavy workload state should also be well-optimised.
Also, it’s essential to remember that most data science work requires heavy computing power. Hence, it’s always better to use this distribution in modern hardware with the latest CPU families.
![DAT Linux Performance at Idle State with 3 hours uptime][13]
In addition to the above, DAT Linux takes around 10 GB of disk space for default installation and all the packages.
### Wrapping Up
Despite thousands of distros and variants, DAT Linux is unique because it is a blend of Lubuntu LTS with only Data Science packages. As per my little knowledge, only Fedora has a spin called “[Fedora Scientific][14]“, which mainly deals with scientific software.
However, DAT Linux did well by packaging all the necessary apps with a front-end to manage them. One of the main aspects is that this distro will save time from installing and configuring all these apps by a general user.
Also, the Ubuntu LTS base with LXQt desktop is a suitable choice. Although, I believe a better File manager (such as Dolphin or Nemo) would have been better than PCManFM-Qt.
Other than that, it’s a complete distro and performs well. I hope it goes out of Beta soon and gets a first stable release.
You can download DAT Linux from the [official website][15].
So, what do you think about this distro? Would it be successful in its target niche community? Let me know in the comment box below.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/dat-linux-review/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/DAT-Linux-1.0b-Desktop.jpg
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/lubuntu-22-04-lts/
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/web-stories/ubuntu-22-04-review/
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/great-kde-apps-part-2/
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Muon-Package-Manager2.jpg
[7]: https://github.com/hakaishi/nobleNote
[8]: https://datlinux.com/
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/DAT-Linux-Control-Panel.jpg
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/linux-kernel-5-15/
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-10-ubuntu/
[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/lxqt-0-17-release/
[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/DAT-Linux-Performance-at-Idle-State-with-3-hours-uptime.jpg
[14]: https://labs.fedoraproject.org/en/scientific/
[15]: https://datlinux.com/download/

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[#]: subject: "Monitoring tiny web services"
[#]: via: "https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/07/09/monitoring-small-web-services/"
[#]: author: "Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Monitoring tiny web services
======
Hello! I’ve started to run a few more servers recently ([nginx playground][1], [mess with dns][2], [dns lookup][3]), so I’ve been thinking about monitoring.
It wasn’t initially totally obvious to me how to monitor these websites, so I wanted to quickly write up what how I did it.
I’m not going to talk about how to monitor Big Serious Mission Critical websites at all, only tiny unimportant websites.
### goal: spend approximately 0 time on operations
I want the sites to mostly work, but I also want to spend approximately 0% of my time on the ongoing operations.
I was initially very wary of running servers at all because at my last job I was on a 24⁄7 oncall rotation for some critical services, and in my mind “being responsible for servers” meant “get woken up at 2am to fix the servers” and “have lots of complicated dashboards”.
So for a while I only made static websites so that I wouldn’t have to think about servers.
But eventually I realized that any server I was going to write was going to be very low stakes, if they occasionally go down for 2 hours it’s no big deal, and I could just set up some very simple monitoring to help keep them running.
### not having monitoring sucks
At first I didn’t set up any monitoring for my servers at all. This had the extremely predictable outcome of – sometimes the site broke, and I didn’t find out about it until somebody told me!
### step 1: an uptime checker
The first step was to set up an uptime checker. There are tons of these out there, the ones I’m using right now are [updown.io][4] and [uptime robot][5]. I like updown’s user interface and [pricing][6] structure more (it’s per request instead of a monthly fee), but uptime robot has a more generous free tier.
These
1. check that the site is up
2. if it goes down, it emails me
I find that email notifications are a good level for me, I’ll find out pretty quickly if the site goes down but it doesn’t wake me up or anything.
### step 2: an end-to-end healthcheck
Next, let’s talk about what “check that the site is up” actually means.
At first I just made one of my healthcheck endpoints a function that returned `200 OK` no matter what.
This is kind of useful – it told me that the server was on!
But unsurprisingly I ran into problems because it wasn’t checking that the API was actually _working_ – sometimes the healthcheck succeeded even though the rest of the service had actually gotten into a bad state.
So I updated it to actually make a real API request and make sure it succeeded.
All of my services do very few things (the nginx playground has just 1 endpoint), so it’s pretty easy to set up a healthcheck that actually runs through most of the actions the service is supposed to do.
Here’s what the end-to-end healthcheck handler for the nginx playground looks like. It’s very basic: it just makes another POST request (to itself) and checks if that request succeeds or fails.
```
func healthHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// make a request to localhost:8080 with `healthcheckJSON` as the body
// if it works, return 200
// if it doesn't, return 500
client := http.Client{}
resp, err := client.Post("http://localhost:8080/", "application/json", strings.NewReader(healthcheckJSON))
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
return
}
if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
log.Println(resp.StatusCode)
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
return
}
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
}
```
### healthcheck frequency: hourly
Right now I’m running most of my healthchecks every hour, and some every 30 minutes.
I run them hourly because updown.io’s pricing is per healthcheck, I’m monitoring 18 different URLs, and I wanted to keep my healthcheck budget pretty minimal at $5/year.
Taking an hour to find out that one of these websites has gone down seems ok to me – if there is a problem there’s no guarantee I’ll get to fixing it all that quickly anyway.
If it were free to run them more often I’d probably run them every 5-10 minutes instead.
### step 3: automatically restart if the healthcheck fails
Some of my websites are on fly.io, and fly has a pretty standard feature where I can configure a HTTP healthcheck for a service and restart the service if the healthcheck starts failing.
“Restart a lot” is a very useful strategy to paper over bugs that I haven’t gotten around to fixing yet – for a while the nginx playground had a process leak where `nginx` processes weren’t getting terminated, so the server kept running out of RAM.
With the healthcheck, the result of this was that every day or so, this would happen:
* the server ran out of RAM
* the healthcheck started failing
* it get restarted
* everything was fine again
* repeat the whole saga again some number of hours later
Eventually I got around to actually fixing the process leak, but it was nice to have a workaround in place that could keep things running while I was procrastinating fixing the bug.
These healthchecks to decide whether to restart the service run more often: every 5 minutes or so.
### this is not the best way to monitor Big Services
This is probably obvious and I said this already at the beginning, but “write one HTTP healthcheck” is not the best approach for monitoring a large complex service. But I won’t go into that because that’s not what this post is about.
### it’s been working well so far!
I originally wrote this post 3 months ago in April, but I waited until now to publish it to make sure that the whole setup was working.
It’s made a pretty big difference – before I was having some very silly downtime problems, and now for the last few months the sites have been up 99.95% of the time!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2022/07/09/monitoring-small-web-services/
作者：[Julia Evans][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://jvns.ca/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://nginx-playground.wizardzines.com
[2]: https://messwithdns.net
[3]: https://dns-lookup.jvns.ca
[4]: https://updown.io/
[5]: https://uptimerobot.com/
[6]: https://updown.io/#pricing

66
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[#]: subject: "Meta’s AI Model That Helps Overcome Language Barrier Is Now Open-Source"
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/meta-open-source-ai-model/"
[#]: author: "Rishabh Moharir https://news.itsfoss.com/author/rishabh/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "fenglyulin"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Meta 的帮助克服语言障碍的 AI 模型现已开源
======
Meta 的 No Language Left Behind （不落下任何语言）是一个宏大的开源项目，旨在以最高准确度翻译语言。
![meta][1]
Meta（Facebook 的前身）在开源世界做出了不小的贡献。Meta 除了专注于元宇宙（Metaverse）和其社交媒体平台外，还致力于各种研究和创新工作，比如 React（一个 JaveScript 库）。
现在，在 Meta 的研究人员决定开源一个叫“*No Language Left Behind（不落下任何语言）*”
### Meta 在 Leave No Language Behind 项目中的尝试
![200 languages within a single AI model: A breakthrough in high-quality machine translation][2]
目前，虽然世界上有大约 7000 个在使用中的语言，但大多数在线的内容都是以少数的流行语言来提供的，比如英语。这让许多不懂这些语言的人处于不利的地位。
虽然现存的许多翻译工具，但语法错误会让错误变得难以阅读和理解。另外，如果你想把内容翻译到一个不流行的语言（特别是非洲和亚洲的一些语言），翻译体验不会很好。
因此，Meta 正在开发有最高质量的翻译工具，可以帮助解决这一全球性的问题。
NLLB-200（No Language Left Behind，不落下任何语言） 是一个人工智能翻译模型，其可以翻译200多种语言。该模型在每种语言中的翻译性能是通过一个名为 FLORES-200 复杂数据集来确定和评估的。
正如 Meta 所说，NLLB 的翻译结果比以前的人工智能研究方法好40% 。对于一些最不常见的语言，其翻译准确率甚至超过70%。了不起的工作！
为了帮助开发项目和提高模型的翻译质量，Meta 向所有感兴趣的研究人员开放了源代码，包括 NLLB-200 模型、 FLORES-200 数据库、模型训练和重建训练数据库的代码。
你可以在 [GitHub][3] 上找到源代码，并且可以在项目的 [博客][4] 上了解有关该项目的更多信息。
### 对社会事业的鼓励
Meta 宣布向从事联合国可持续发展目标（UN Sustainable Development Goals）和翻译非洲语言的、任何地区的非营利组织和研究人员提供高达20万美元的捐赠，目前也鼓励其他学术领域如语言学和机器翻译的研究人员申请。
### 项目的影响
尽管 Meta 主要打算在其数字平台上，特别是在 Metaverse上使用 NLLB，但 NLLB 也有可能在其他领域产生巨大影响。
许多用户可以用他们的母语轻松地访问和阅读在线资源。项目开源后，社区应该能够帮助实现这个目标。
*你对 Meta的这个项目有什么看法？*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/meta-open-source-ai-model/
作者：[Rishabh Moharir][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[fenglyulin](https://github.com/fenglyulin)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/rishabh/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/meta-makes-ai-language-model-opensource.jpg
[2]: https://youtu.be/uCxSPPiwrNE
[3]: https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq/tree/nllb
[4]: https://ai.facebook.com/blog/nllb-200-high-quality-machine-translation/

270
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[#]: subject: "10 Best Ubuntu Apps for Everyone in 2022 [Part 2]"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/best-ubuntu-apps-2022-part2/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "Donkey"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
10 大必备 Ubuntu 应用：第二篇
======
本文列出了 2022 年可以用于不同情况的 10 个 Ubuntu 基本应用。
如果你计划永久的转移到 Linux 系统上，你应该很高兴知道在 Linux 上有数以千计的能与商业或付费应用媲美的应用。如果你是第一次使用 Linux 的 Windows 用户，你可能没有听说过这些应用。
因此，在这一系列文章中，我们每一次重点介绍一组 Ubuntu 应用，以增加用户群之间的协作和意识。
这是 Ubuntu 应用程序系列的第二篇文章，如果你错过了其他部分，可以在这里阅读：
* [第一篇][1]
* [第三篇][2]
### 2022 年最好的 Ubuntu 应用程序 – 第二篇
#### 1. OBS Studio
第一个应用是著名的 [流媒体应用][3] —— OBS Studio 。这是一款免费并开源的主要用于互联网上的流媒体应用。此外，你可以使用该应用创建一个复杂的多源、覆盖横幅等流媒体项目。
而且，感谢它能够支持“实时消息传输协议”，你可以使用它在 Facebook、Youtube、Twitch 以及其他支持的平台上进行流式传输。
这个有十年历史的应用程序是 Linux 上最好的应用程序之一。
![OBS Studio][4]
你可以在 [OBS Studio 官网][5] 了解更多的信息并下载，或者通过以下方式安装：
通过 Ubuntu PPA 和相关分发：
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:obsproject/obs-studio
sudo apt update
sudo apt install obs-studio
```
如果你希望通过 Flatpak ，首先 [为 Flatpak 设置系统][6] 然后 [通过这个页面安装][7] 。
在 Arch Linux 或者其他 Linux 版本，访问 [该页面][8] 了解。
#### 2. Inkscape
这里介绍第二款应用是受欢迎的 Inkscape 。 Inkscape 是一个免费开源的矢量图形编辑软件。它主要用于创建大规模的矢量图形。此外，它使用基本的矢量形状如矩形、多边形、螺旋形等，是一款世界级的应用。你可以使用这些基本图形以及辅助工具（见下文）创作一流的绘图。
此外，当你有足够的技能时，可以使用 Inkscape 创作 [绝妙的动画][9] 。这是画家必备的一款应用。
![Sample Image – credit-Inkscape][10]
![Inkscape][11]
你可以在 [Inkscape 官网][12] 下载并了解更多相关信息，或者通过以下方式下载。
通过 Ubuntu PPA 或其他 Linux 版本：
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:inkscape.dev/stable
sudo apt update
sudo apt install inkscape
```
更多下载方式可以查看 [此页面][13] 。
#### 3. GIMP
GIMP 是 GNU 图像操作程序 (GNU Image Manipulation Program) 的缩写，是一个光栅图形编辑器，它有时候被认为是 Linux 平台上值得商榷的 [Photoshop 替代品][14] 。这款拥有 20 年历史的应用非常适合从基础到高级的图像编辑。此外，它支持图层、滤镜、装饰和其他对摄影工作必不可少的高级图像编辑功能。
![GIMP Image Editor][15]
[官方主页][16] 是你了解更多关于 GIMP 的知识的最好的途径，可以在官网下载或者通过以下方式安装。
我推荐的方式是通过 Flatpak 下载最新版本 GIMP 。你可以为 Flatpak 设置 [你的系统][17] 然后 [通过该页面安装][18] 。
[该页面][19] 提供了更多下载选项。
#### 4. Spotify
Spotify 是一家专业提供音频流媒体和媒体服务的提供商。它是最广泛的音乐流媒体服务之一，每月有超过 400 多万用户。
首先，你需要安装客户端才能获取 Spotify 流媒体服务。其次，如果你是移动用户，你可以通过 Google Play 或者苹果应用商店获取 Spotify 应用。
在 Linux 上安装桌面客户端后你可以收听上百万首歌曲。你可以为不同的 Linux 版本通过不同的方式安装 Spotify 。
![Spotify Client in Ubuntu][20]
推荐你在 Ubuntu 或者其他 Linux 上使用 Snap 来安装，你可以通过以下命令安装：
```
snap install spotify
```
如果你偏向于原始的 deb 包，你可以通过以下命令安装：
```
curl -sS https://download.spotify.com/debian/pubkey_5E3C45D7B312C643.gpg | sudo apt-key add -echo "deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/spotify.list
```
你也可以使用非官方 [Flatpak 包][21] 进行安装。
#### 5. SimpleScreenRecorder
SimpleScreenRecorder 可能是最好的开源截屏工具。该应用程序易于使用并加载了功能。并且，其独特的 3 步录制屏幕的方法完全不需要学习。此外，你可以选择整个屏幕、一个窗口或自定义形状来记录屏幕。
此外，你还可以指定自动/视频比特率、音频源选项和不同的输出选项。最后，它可以安装在所有 Linux 发行版中。
![SimpleScreenRecorder][22]
[官方页面][23] 囊括了更多 SimpleScreenRecorder 的详细信息，你也可以使用如下方式下载。
在 Ubuntu 或其他相关发行版中使用下面的 PPA 命令安装该应用：
```
sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install simplescreenrecorder
```
访问 [此页][24] 获取更多下载版本。
#### 6. Calibre
Calibre 是一款可以在 Ubuntu, Linux Mint 以及其他 Linux 平台使用的免费开源的电子书库管理应用程序。它拥有书库管理、电子书格式转换、同步你的电子书设备以及其他独特的功能。你可以下载新闻和其他互联网上的文章，并可以使用 Calibre 转换成电子书格式。同时，它支持多种电子书格式进行管理。 Calibre 是一款具有这些功能最好的电子书管理应用程序之一。
![Calibre][25]
[Calibre 主页][26] 提供了很多文件以及指导手册，你也可以使用以下方式下载。
* [在 Linux 发行版上下载][27]
* [在其他系统上下载][28]
#### 7. Scribus
多年来，桌面出版发生了变化。现今，仍有一些桌面出版的应用程序和基于网页的服务。 Scribus 是早期的一款免费并开源的桌面出版应用程序，可以在 Linux 发行版和其他操作系统中使用。此外，它基于 Qt 并带来了吸引人的用户界面，你可以立即学习。 此外，初学者和专业人士都可以使用它来创建令人惊叹的 DTP 页面。
并且它仍然在积极开发中。
![Scribus][29]
你可以在 Scribus的 [官方页面][30] 了解更多并下载，或者通过以下方式安装。
Scribus 位于 Ubuntu 和其他相关发行版的主要存储库中。 您可以运行以下命令进行安装：
```
sudo apt install scribus
```
[该页面][31] 提供了其他下载选项。
#### 8. MyPaint
第八个应用程序是 MyPaint 。MyPaint 是一个免费的开源绘图程序，适用于数字艺术家。 MyPaint 支持并可用于触屏平板电脑和设备。其独特的无干扰设计让你专注于绘图而不是应用程序。 外，它还带来了真正的铅笔和画笔仿真，具有广泛的画笔、颜色和图层。
![MyPaint 2.0.1][32]
浏览 MyPaint 的 [官方页面][33] 获取更多信息，可以使用以下方式下载。
推荐使用 Flatpak 安装 。你可以为 Flatpak 设置 [系统][34] 然后 [通过该页面安装][35] 。
[该页面][36] 提供了其他下载选项。
#### 9. LibreOffice
如果有任何 Office 套件和市场领导者 Microsoft Office 相媲美，那一定是 Documen Foundation 的 LibreOffice 。它是所有 Linux 发行版的默认 Office 套件。它带有电子表格程序（Calc）、文字处理器（Writer）、演示文稿（Impress）和 Draw（用于绘图）。此外，它还带来了一个数据库系统 LibreOffice Base 和 Math 来演示数学公式。
除此之外， LibreOffice 提供两个版本。其一是社区版，社区版用于社区和一般用途，并带有最新的功能和更新。第二是商务版，也称企业版。企业版更稳定，更适合专业工作。
LibreOffice 办公套件默认安装在 Ubuntu 上。
![LibreOffice 7.3.x Community Edition in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish][37]
[LibreOffice 的官方文档][38] 很庞大，你可以通过任何方式浏览它们，包括它的 [友好论坛][39] 。你可以 [从此处][40] 下载 LibreOffice。
如果你也想升级 LibreOffice ，你可以访问 [这里][41] 。
#### 10. Cawbird
如果你是重度 Twitter 用户，你或许应考虑一款桌面应用。 Cawbird 是一款 Linux 发行版上的 Twitter 桌面程序。它是 Corebird 应用（已停产）的分支，Cawbird 带来了内嵌图片、视频预览、列表支持等。此外，它可以在 Twitter 上进行全文搜索，并支持多个 Twitter 帐户。
但是，由于 Twitter API 的限制，它每两分钟刷新一次，以及其他一些限制，例如没有通知关注、取消关注、阻止、静音和其他功能。Twitter 强加了这些限制。
![Cawbird][42]
最后，你可以通过 [该链接][43] 在任何 Linux 发行版上下载 Cawbird 。
### 结语
这是 2022 年共 5 部分系列最佳 Ubuntu 应用程序的第 2 部分。我希望你能够在 Ubuntu 和其他发行版中安装和使用其中一些应用程序来完成你的日常工作。另外，请在下面的评论框中告诉我你更喜欢此列表中的哪些应用程序。
最后，请继续关注本 Ubuntu 应用程序系列的第 3 部分。如果你错过了本系列的其他部分，可以在此处阅读它们：
* [第一篇][44]
* [第三篇][45]
干杯！
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/best-ubuntu-apps-2022-part2/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[Donkey](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/essential-ubuntu-apps-2022-part-1/
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/necessary-ubuntu-apps-2022/
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/live-streaming-applications-linux-2022/
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/OBS-Studio.jpg
[5]: https://obsproject.com/
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/07/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/
[7]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.obsproject.Studio
[8]: https://obsproject.com/wiki/unofficial-linux-builds
[9]: https://inkscape.org/gallery/
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Sample-Image-credit-Inkscape.jpg
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Inkscape-Running.png
[12]: https://inkscape.org/
[13]: https://inkscape.org/release/
[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/09/3-best-free-photoshop-alternatives-ubuntu-linux/
[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/GIMP-Running.png
[16]: https://www.gimp.org/
[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/07/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/
[18]: https://flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.gimp.GIMP.flatpakref
[19]: https://www.gimp.org/downloads/
[20]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Spotify-Client-in-Ubuntu.jpg
[21]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/com.spotify.Client
[22]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/SimpleScreenRecorder.jpg
[23]: https://www.maartenbaert.be/simplescreenrecorder/
[24]: https://www.maartenbaert.be/simplescreenrecorder/#download
[25]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Calibre.png
[26]: https://calibre-ebook.com/
[27]: https://calibre-ebook.com/download_linux
[28]: https://calibre-ebook.com/download
[29]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Scribus.jpg
[30]: https://www.scribus.net/
[31]: https://www.scribus.net/downloads/stable-branch/
[32]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MyPaint-2.0.1.png
[33]: http://mypaint.org/
[34]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/07/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/
[35]: https://flathub.org/repo/appstream/org.mypaint.MyPaint.flatpakref
[36]: http://mypaint.org/downloads/
[37]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/LibreOffice-7.3.x-Community-Edition-in-Ubuntu-22.04-LTS-Jammy-Jellyfish.jpg
[38]: https://help.libreoffice.org/latest/index.html
[39]: https://ask.libreoffice.org/
[40]: https://www.libreoffice.org/download/download/
[41]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/06/libreoffice-upgrade-update-latest/
[42]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Cawbird.jpg
[43]: https://software.opensuse.org//download.html?project=home%3AIBBoard%3Acawbird&package=cawbird
[44]: https://www.debugpoint.com/essential-ubuntu-apps-2022-part-1/
[45]: https://www.debugpoint.com/necessary-ubuntu-apps-2022/