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Merge pull request #30295 from wxy/20231012-Raspberry-Pi-OS-Upgrade--Ditching-X11,-A-New-Browser,-and-Debian-12
ATRP:published/20231012 Raspberry Pi OS Upgrade- Ditching X11, A New Browser, and Debian 12.md
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[#]: subject: "Raspberry Pi OS Upgrade: Ditching X11, A New Browser, and Debian 12"
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[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-os-bookworm/"
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[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972/lctt-scripts-1693450080"
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[#]: translator: "ChatGPT"
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[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
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[#]: publisher: "wxy"
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[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-16285-1.html"
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树莓派操作系统升级：基于 Debian 12、淘汰 X11
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======
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![][0]
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> 为了匹配最新的树莓派 5 硬件，树莓派操作系统已做好准备，该系统中融入了 Debian 12 以及其他重大更新。
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这个新版本的 <ruby>树莓派操作系统<rt>Raspberry Pi OS</rt></ruby> 能够完善支持新推出的 [树莓派 5][1]。
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为此，开发者们投入了大量的心血和精力。新系统带来了诸多改进，同时还标志着向更现代化的窗口系统的迁移。
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下面，我们来看看他们的具体成果。
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### 树莓派操作系统: 新的变化有哪些？
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![][2]
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开发者基于最新的 [Debian 12 “Bookworm”][3] 版本，对树莓派桌面进行了 **重大的架构更新**。
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一些显著的新特性包括：
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* 全面采用 Wayland
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* 网络性能显著提升
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* 默认使用 PipeWire
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* 为树莓派优化的 Firefox
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显然，你将会享受到 Debian “Bookworm” 的核心优点，同时还能体验到上述提到的一些新变化。
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#### 全面采用 Wayland
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没错，你没有看错。
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树莓派桌面已经默认启用 [Wayland][4] 窗口系统，正式摒弃了因多种限制不再使用的 [X11][5] 窗口系统。Wayland 的主要优点是其**在现代硬件上有更出色的性能表现**。
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这一切的实现离不开 [Wayfire][6] 合成器的支持，这使得开发者能够在更新中**保持用户熟知的体验**。
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以下是开发者在发布公告中的引述：
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> 如果你在树莓派 4 或 5 上启动树莓派操作系统，现在你会看到的是一个 Wayfire 桌面。它看起来和你之前在 Bullseye 上使用的桌面几乎一模一样，但在一致的外观背后，我们为了使两个桌面环境看起来一样已进行了大量的工作！
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**我们对此并不感到惊讶。**
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近期，我们注意到有很多桌面正在从 X11 和 [Openbox][7] 这样的旧窗口系统转向 Wayland。
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比如，GNOME 最近的更新开启了向 **[全面使用 Wayland 的未来][8]** 的转变。即使是 Fedora Linux 40 也准备弃用 X11 会话，转向使用 [Plasma 6][9] 的 XWayland 方式。
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看到树莓派操作系统已经率先进行了这样的变化，实在是让人感到十分有趣 😄
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> 📋 不过别担心，**对于仍希望使用 X11/Openbox 显示系统的用户**，他们可以在 `raspi-config` 中的 “<ruby>高级设置<rt>Advanced Settings</rt></ruby>” 菜单中重新启用它。
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#### 网络性能显著提升
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![][10]
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开发者在之前实现的 [NetworkManager][11] 网络控制器的基础上进行了优化，他们为 **任务栏增加了网络插件**。
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虽然新版本的插件和旧版本看上去差不多，但新增了一个 “<ruby>高级选项<rt>Advanced Options</rt></ruby>” 选项，用户可以通过它访问 NetworkManager 提供的更多功能。
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#### 默认使用 PipeWire
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现在，树莓派 Desktop 使用 [PipeWire][12] 来处理所有与音频/视频相关的任务。它取代了 [PulseAudio][13]，使**音频/视频处理迈向更现代化和灵活的方式**。
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在用户端，你可以得到**更优化的蓝牙音频设备管理**、**更低的延迟时间**，**和 Wayland 的更好互操作性**等等。
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用户也可以通过和切换窗口系统类似的步骤**选择回退使用 PulseAudio**。
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#### 为树莓派优化的 Firefox
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![][14]
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这次，我们看到了一个**由官方支持且专门为树莓派优化的 [Mozilla Firefox][15] 版本**，它在这次树莓派操作系统的发布版中首次被引入。
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现在，用户可以使用 **V4L2 编码支持** 来启用他们的树莓派上的硬件 h.264 解码器，这将会有助于**实现更好的 HD 视频播放效果**。
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此外，他们也启用了 [Widevine DRM][16]，以在主流的视频流媒体平台上提供**无障碍的流媒体观看体验**。
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在这次发布的版本中还有其他一些细微的变化。想了解更多，请参考 [官方博客][17]。
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### 📥 下载树莓派操作系统
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由于操作系统细节的大量变化，开发者建议你**从全新安装开始** （重新烧录你的 SD 卡）。
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当然，你也可以选择自行升级，但需要自担风险。
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你可以访问 [官方网站][18] 进行下载。
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> **[树莓派操作系统][18]**
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💬 你对新的树莓派操作系统升级感到兴奋吗？欢迎在评论区告诉我们。
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*（题图：MJ/2fe701cd-5ced-41e2-b00e-1454c6f3fa4a）*
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://news.itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-os-bookworm/
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作者：[Sourav Rudra][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[ChatGPT](https://linux.cn/lctt/ChatGPT)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-5/
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[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/RaspberryPi_OS_Bookworm_1.png
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[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/debian-12-release/
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[4]: https://wayland.freedesktop.org/
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[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System
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[6]: https://github.com/WayfireWM/wayfire
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[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openbox
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[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-wayland-xorg/
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[9]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/KDE_Plasma_6
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[10]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/RaspberryPi_OS_Bookworm_2.png
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[11]: https://networkmanager.dev/
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[12]: https://pipewire.org/
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[13]: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/
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[14]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/RaspberryPi_OS_Bookworm_3.png
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[15]: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/
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[16]: https://www.widevine.com/solutions/widevine-drm
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[17]: https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/bookworm-the-new-version-of-raspberry-pi-os/
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[18]: https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/
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[0]: https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202310/14/233127bc5jlvhkphkgngjh.jpg
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@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
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[#]: subject: "Raspberry Pi OS Upgrade: Ditching X11, A New Browser, and Debian 12"
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[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-os-bookworm/"
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[#]: author: "Sourav Rudra https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972/lctt-scripts-1693450080"
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[#]: translator: " "
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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Raspberry Pi OS Upgrade: Ditching X11, A New Browser, and Debian 12
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======
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The Raspberry Pi OS is ready for the latest Raspberry Pi 5 hardware with
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Debian 12 and other big changes.
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A new release of Raspberry Pi OS is here to complement the recently launched [Raspberry Pi 5][1].
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The developers have worked on it for quite some time now. It features loads of improvements and a major change that signifies the move to a more modern approach to window systems.
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Let's see what they've accomplished.
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### Raspberry Pi OS: What's New?
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![][2]
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Based on the latest **[Debian 12 'Bookworm'][3]** release, the developers have had to make **major architectural changes to the Raspberry Pi Desktop**.
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Some key highlights include:
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* **Wayland Only**
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* **Networking Improvements**
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* **PipeWire by Default**
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* **Raspberry Pi-Optimized Firefox**
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Naturally, you can expect the core benefits of Debian 'Bookworm' along with the above-mentioned changes.
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#### Wayland Only
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Yes, you read that right.
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The Raspberry Pi Desktop has moved to the [Wayland][4] window system as its default, dropping the [X11][5] window system owing to various limitations, with the primary selling point being that **Wayland performs better on modern hardware**.
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All of this was made possible thanks to the implementation of the [**Wayfire**][6] compositor, which also allowed the devs to keep **** the **user experience a familiar one.**
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Quoting the devs from the release announcement:
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> If you boot Raspberry Pi OS on a Pi 4 or 5, you will now get a Wayfire desktop. It should look pretty much identical to the desktop you are used to from Bullseye, but appearances are deceptive — it has taken a lot of work to get to the point where the two desktop environments look the same!
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**We are not surprised by this move, though.**
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Recently, we have been seeing an increase in transition to Wayland from older window systems like X11 and [Openbox][7].
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For instance, the recent move by GNOME that has kick-started the transition to **[a Wayland-only future][8]**. Even **Fedora Linux 40 is all set to drop the X11 session** for an XWayland approach with [Plasma 6][9].
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It is interesting to see Raspberry Pi OS make the move already 😄
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📋
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Fret not, **for users who still want to use the older X11/Openbox display systems** , they can do so by re-enabling these from the 'Advanced Settings' menu under 'raspi-config'.
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#### Networking Improvements
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Working on the previously implemented [NetworkManager][11] network controller, the devs have been able to improve it by having **the networking plugin on the taskbar**.
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It looks almost the same as in the previous versions but with a new 'Advanced Options' element that allows users to access the new functions made available by NetworkManager.
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#### PipeWire by Default
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Raspberry Pi Desktop now features [PipeWire][12] for handling all audio/video-related tasks. It replaces [PulseAudio][13], for **a more modern and flexible approach** to audio/video handling.
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On the user side, you can take advantage of **better Bluetooth audio device management** , **lower latency** , **better interoperability with Wayland,** and more.
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Users do have **the option to revert to PulseAudio** by following the same steps mentioned above for switching the windowing systems.
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#### Raspberry Pi-Optimized Firefox
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![][14]
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For the first time, an **officially supported, Raspberry Pi-optimized version of[Mozilla Firefox][15]** is being made available through this release of Raspberry Pi OS.
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Users can now utilize the **V4L2 codec support** **for** **using the hardware h.264 decoder** on their Raspberry Pi, which should help in **better HD video playback.**
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They have also enabled [Widevine DRM][16] for **a hassle-free streaming experience** on major video streaming platforms.
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There are a few other subtle changes in this release. Refer to the [official blog][17] to learn more.
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### 📥 Download Raspberry Pi OS
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As the changes to the operating system are significant, the developers recommend that you **start with a fresh installation** (re-image your SD card).
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Sure, you can upgrade at your own risk.
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You can head over to the [official website][18] to get started.
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[Raspberry Pi OS][18]
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_💬 Are you excited about the new Raspberry Pi OS upgrade? Let us know in the comments._
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* * *
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://news.itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-os-bookworm/
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作者：[Sourav Rudra][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-5/
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[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/RaspberryPi_OS_Bookworm_1.png
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[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/debian-12-release/
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[4]: https://wayland.freedesktop.org/
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[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System
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[6]: https://github.com/WayfireWM/wayfire
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[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openbox
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[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-wayland-xorg/
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[9]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/KDE_Plasma_6
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[10]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/RaspberryPi_OS_Bookworm_2.png
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[11]: https://networkmanager.dev/
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[12]: https://pipewire.org/
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[13]: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/
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[14]: https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/RaspberryPi_OS_Bookworm_3.png
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[15]: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/
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[16]: https://www.widevine.com/solutions/widevine-drm
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[17]: https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/bookworm-the-new-version-of-raspberry-pi-os/
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[18]: https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/
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