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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (JonnieWayy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (What you need to know about Rust in 2020)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/rust-resources)
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[#]: author: (Ryan Levick https://opensource.com/users/ryanlevick)
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What you need to know about Rust in 2020
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======
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While many programmers have long used Rust for hobby projects, in 2019,
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the language attracted support from major technology companies, as the
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top Rust articles on Opensource.com explain.
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![Person using a laptop][1]
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[Rust][2] has drawn plenty of attention from programmers on sites like Hacker News for a while. While many have long [loved using the language][3] for hobby projects, it didn't start catching on in industry until 2019, when this really started to change.
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Over the last year, many large companies, including [Microsoft][4], [Facebook][5], and [Intel][6], came out in support of Rust, and many [smaller ones][7] took notice. As the first emcee at [RustFest][8], the largest Rust conference in Europe, in 2016, I didn't meet a single person professionally using Rust who didn't work at Mozilla. Three years later, it seemed like every other person I talked to at RustFest 2019 was using Rust in their day job for another company, whether as a game developer, a backend engineer at a bank, a creator of developer tools, or something else.
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In 2019, Opensource.com also played a role by reporting on the growing interest in Rust. In case you missed them, here are the top articles about Rust on Opensource.com over the last year.
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### Building the virtualization stack of the future with rust-vmm
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Amazon's [Firecracker][9] is the virtualization technology that powers AWS Lambda and Fargate, and it is written completely in Rust. One of the technology's authors, Andreea Florescu, offers insight into Firecracker and its related technologies in [_**Building the virtualization stack of the future with rust-vmm**_][10].
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Firecracker started life as a fork of Google's [CrosVM][11] but quickly diverged due to the differing needs of the two projects. Despite this, there are many common pieces that are best shared across the project and in any other virtual machine manager (VMM) written in Rust. With that in mind, the [rust-vmm][12] project started as a way for Amazon and Google, as well as Intel and Red Hat, to share common Rust "crates" (i.e., packages) with each other and the rest of the open source community. These include interfaces to KVM (Linux virtualization APIs), Virtio device support, and a kernel loader.
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It's truly amazing to see some of the titans of the software industry working together around a common technology stack written in Rust. Given this and other partnerships around [technology stacks written in Rust][13], I wouldn't be surprised to see more of this in 2020.
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### Why to choose Rust as your next programming language
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Adopting a new language, especially at a large company with a long-established technology stack, is no easy task. I had the pleasure of writing [_**Why to choose Rust as your next programming language**_][14] about how Microsoft is looking into adopting Rust when so many other interesting programming languages have not been considered.
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Choosing a programming language involves many different criteria—from technical to organizational to even emotional. Some of these criteria are easier to measure than others. For instance, it's easier to understand the costs of technical changes, like adapting build systems and building new tooling, than it is to understand organizational or emotional issues like how productive or happy developers will be using this new language. What's more, the easy-to-measure criteria are often cost-related, while the hard-to-measure criteria are often benefits-oriented. This often leads to costs getting more weight in the decision-making process, even though it's not necessarily true that the costs outweigh the benefits—it's just that they're easier to measure. This makes it unlikely for a company to adopt a new language.
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However, one of Rust's largest benefits is how easy it is to measure its ability to write secure yet performant systems software. Given that 70% of severe vulnerabilities at Microsoft are due to memory-safety issues that Rust is designed to prevent, and that these issues cost the company billions of dollars per year, it's easy to measure and understand the benefits of adopting the language.
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Whether full-scale adoption of Rust at Microsoft will happen remains to be seen, but Rust's future is bright if only for the fact that is has a clear and measurable benefit over existing technologies.
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### Rust in 2020
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Rust is really starting to gain traction in industry. Although it still has a long way to go to reach the popularity of languages like C++. I expect more companies to start adopting Rust in 2020. The Rust community must now set its sights on welcoming people and companies into the community while ensuring that the things that have driven the language to this point remain in place.
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Rust is more than just a compiler and a set of libraries. It's a group of people who care about making systems programming easy, safe, and fun. The coming year will be critical in Rust's journey from a hobbyist language to one of the main languages used in the software industry.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/rust-resources
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作者：[Ryan Levick][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ryanlevick
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/laptop_screen_desk_work_chat_text.png?itok=UXqIDRDD (Person using a laptop)
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[2]: http://rust-lang.org/
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[3]: https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2019#technology-_-most-loved-dreaded-and-wanted-languages
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[4]: https://youtu.be/o01QmYVluSw
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[5]: https://youtu.be/kylqq8pEgRs
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[6]: https://youtu.be/l9hM0h6IQDo
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[7]: https://oxide.computer/blog/introducing-the-oxide-computer-company/
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[8]: https://rustfest.eu
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[9]: https://firecracker-microvm.github.io/
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[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/3/rust-virtual-machine
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[11]: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/platform/crosvm/
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[12]: https://github.com/rust-vmm
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[13]: https://bytecodealliance.org/
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[14]: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/choose-rust-programming-language
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (JonnieWayy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (What you need to know about Rust in 2020)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/rust-resources)
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[#]: author: (Ryan Levick https://opensource.com/users/ryanlevick)
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2020 年关于 Rust 你所需要知道的
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======
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尽管许多程序员长期以来一直将 Rust 用于业余爱好项目，但正如 Opensource.com 上许多有关 Rust 的热门文章所解释的那样，该语言在 2019 年吸引了主要技术公司的支持。
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![用笔记本电脑的人][1]
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一段时间以来， [Rust][2] 在诸如 Hacker News 之类的网站上引起了程序员大量的关注。尽管许多人一直喜欢在业余爱好项目中[使用该语言][3]，但直到 2019 年它才开始在工业界流行，直到那会儿情况才真正开始有所转变。
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在过去的一年中，包括 [Microsoft][4]、 [Facebook][5] 和 [Intel][6] 在内的许多大公司都出来支持 Rust，许多[较小的公司][7]也注意到了这一点。2016 年，作为欧洲最大的 Rust 大会 [RustFest][8] 的第一主持人，我没见到任何一个人工作中使用 Rust 但却不在 Mozilla 工作的。三年后，似乎我在 RustFest 2019 有所交流的每个人都将 Rust 用于izard其他公司的日常工作，无论是作为游戏开发人员、银行的后端工程师、开发者工具的创造者或是其他的一些岗位。
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在 2019 年， Opensource.com 也通过报道 Rust 日益增长的受欢迎程度而发挥了作用。万一您错过了它们，这里是过去一年里 Opensource.com 上关于 Rust 的热门文章。
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### 使用 rust-vmm 构建未来的虚拟化堆栈
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Amazon 的 [Firecracker][9] 是支持 AWS Lambda 和 Fargate 的虚拟化技术，完全使用 Rust 编写。这项技术的作者之一 Andreea Florescu 在 [**《使用 rust-vmm 构建未来的虚拟化堆栈》**][10]中提供了对 Firecracker 及其相关技术的深刻见解。
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Firecracker 最初是 Google [CrosVM][11] 的一个分支，但是很快由于两个项目的不同需求而分化。尽管如此，在这个项目与其他用 Rust 所编写的虚拟机管理器（VMM）之间仍有许多得到了很好共享的通用片段。考虑到这一点， [rust-vmm][12] 起初是以一种让 Amazon 和 Google， Intel 和 Red Hat 以及其余开源社区去相互共享通用 Rust “crates” （即程序包）的方式开始的。其中包括 KVM 接口（Linux 虚拟化 API）、 Virtio 设备支持以及内核加载程序。
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看到软件行业的一些巨头围绕用 Rust 编写的通用技术栈协同工作，实在是很神奇。鉴于这种和其他[使用 Rust 编写的技术堆栈][13]之间的伙伴关系，到了 2020 年，看到更多这样的情况我不会感到惊讶。
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### 为何选择 Rust 作为你的下一门编程语言
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采用一门新语言，尤其是在有着建立已久技术栈的大公司，并非易事。我很高兴写了[《为何选择 Rust 作为你的下一门编程语言》][14]，书中讲述了 Microsoft 是如何在没有考虑其他这么多有趣的编程语言的情况下选择了采用 Rust。
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选择编程语言涉及许多不同的标准——从技术上到组织上，甚至是情感上。 其中一些标准比其他的更容易衡量。比方说，了解技术变更的成本（例如调整构建系统和构建新工具）要比理解组织或情感问题（例如高效或快乐的开发人员将如何使用这种新语言）容易得多。 此外，易于衡量的标准通常与成本相关，而难以衡量的标准通常以收益为导向。 这通常会导致成本在决策过程中变得越来越重要，即使这不一定就是说成本要比收益更重要——只是成本更容易衡量。 这使得公司不太可能采用新的语言。
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然而，Rust 最大的好处之一是很容易衡量其编写安全且高性能系统软件的能力。鉴于 Microsoft 70% 的安全漏洞是由于 Rust 旨在防止的内存安全问题导致的，而且这些问题每年都使公司付出了几十亿美元的代价，很容易衡量并理解采用这门语言的好处。
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是否会在 Microsoft 全面采用 Rust 尚待观察，但是仅凭着相对于现有技术具有明显且可衡量的好处这一事实， Rust 的未来一片光明。
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### 2020 年的 Rust
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尽管要达到 C++ 等语言的流行度还有很长的路要走。Rust 实际上已经开始在工业界引起关注。我希望更多公司在 2020 年开始采用 Rust。 Rust 社区现在必须着眼于欢迎开发人员和公司加入社区，同时确保将推动该语言发展到现在的一切都保留下来。
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Rust 不仅仅是一个编译器和一组库，而是一群想要使系统编程变得容易、安全而且有趣的人。即将到来的这一年，对于 Rust 从业余爱好语言到软件行业所使用的主要语言之一的转型至关重要。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/rust-resources
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作者：[Ryan Levick][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[JonnieWayy](https://github.com/JonnieWayy)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ryanlevick
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/laptop_screen_desk_work_chat_text.png?itok=UXqIDRDD (Person using a laptop)
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[2]: http://rust-lang.org/
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[3]: https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2019#technology-_-most-loved-dreaded-and-wanted-languages
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[4]: https://youtu.be/o01QmYVluSw
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[5]: https://youtu.be/kylqq8pEgRs
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[6]: https://youtu.be/l9hM0h6IQDo
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[7]: https://oxide.computer/blog/introducing-the-oxide-computer-company/
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[8]: https://rustfest.eu
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[9]: https://firecracker-microvm.github.io/
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[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/3/rust-virtual-machine
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[11]: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/platform/crosvm/
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[12]: https://github.com/rust-vmm
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[13]: https://bytecodealliance.org/
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[14]: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/choose-rust-programming-language
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