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Update 20181107 Top 30 OpenStack Interview Questions and Answers.md
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Openstack 面试问题和解答 TOP 30
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Openstack 30个经典面试问题和解答
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======
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现在，大多数公司都试图将它们的 IT 基础设施和 Telco Infra 迁移到私有云，即OpenStack。如果你打算面试 OpenStack 管理员这个岗位，那么下面列出的这些面试问题可能会帮助你通过面试。
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### Q:1 说一下 OpenStack 和它的主要组件？
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### Q:1 说一下 OpenStack 及其主要组件？
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Ans: It is a bundle of opensource software, which all in combine forms a provide cloud software known as OpenStack.OpenStack is known as Stack of Open source Software or Projects.
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Ans: OpenStack 是一系列开源软件，这些软件组成了一个云提供软件，也就是 OpenStack，被称为开源软件或项目栈。
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OpenStack 是一系列开源软件，这些软件组成了一个提供云软件，也就是 OpenStack，被称为开源软件或项目栈。
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下面是 OpenStack 的主要关键组件
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* **Nova** – It handles the Virtual machines at compute level and performs other computing task at compute or hypervisor level.
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* **Neutron** – It provides the networking functionality to VMs, Compute and Controller Nodes.
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* **Keystone** – It provides the identity service for all cloud users and openstack services. In other words, we can say Keystone a method to provide access to cloud users and services.
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* **Horizon** – It provides a GUI (Graphical User Interface), using the GUI Admin can all day to day operations task at ease.
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* **Cinder** – It provides the block storage functionality, generally in OpenStack Cinder is integrated with Chef and ScaleIO to service block storage to Compute & Controller nodes.
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* **Swift** – It provides the object storage functionality. Generally, Glance images are on object storage. External storage like ScaleIO can work as Object storage too and can easily be integrated with Glance Service.
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* **Glance** – It provides Cloud image services, using glance admin used to upload and download cloud images.
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* **Heat** – It provides an orchestration service or functionality. Using Heat admin can easily VMs as stack and based on requirements VMs in the stack can be scale-in and Scale-out
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* **Ceilometer** – It provides the telemetry and billing services.
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下面是 OpenStack 的主要关键组件：
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* **Nova** –
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* **Neutron** – It provides the networking functionality to VMs, Compute and Controller Nodes.
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* **Keystone** – It provides the identity service for all cloud users and openstack services. In other words, we can say Keystone a method to provide access to cloud users and services.
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* **Horizon** – It provides a GUI (Graphical User Interface), using the GUI Admin can all day to day operations task at ease.
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* **Cinder** – It provides the block storage functionality, generally in OpenStack Cinder is integrated with Chef and ScaleIO to service block storage to Compute & Controller nodes.
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* **Swift** – It provides the object storage functionality. Generally, Glance images are on object storage. External storage like ScaleIO can work as Object storage too and can easily be integrated with Glance Service.
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* **Glance** – It provides Cloud image services, using glance admin used to upload and download cloud images.
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* **Heat** – It provides an orchestration service or functionality. Using Heat admin can easily VMs as stack and based on requirements VMs in the stack can be scale-in and Scale-out
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* **Ceilometer** – It provides the telemetry and billing services.
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* **Nova** – 用于计算级别管理虚拟机，并在计算或管理程序级别执行其他计算任务。
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* **Neutron** – 为虚拟机、计算和控制节点提供网络功能。
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* **Keystone** – 为所有云用户和 OpenStack 云服务提供身份认证服务。换句话说，我们可以说 Keystone 是一个提供给云用户和云服务访问权限的方法。
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* **Horizon** – 用于提供图形用户界面。使用图形化管理界面可以很轻松地完成各种日常操作任务。
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* **Cinder** – 用于提供块存储功能。通常来说 OpenStack 的 Cinder 中集成了 Chef 和 ScaleIO 来共同为计算和控制节点提供块存储服务。
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* **Swift** – 用于提供对象存储功能。通常来说，Glance 管理的镜像是存储在对象存储空间的。扩展存储就像 ScaleIO 也可以提供对象存储，可以很容易的集成 Glance 服务。
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* **Glance** – 用于提供镜像服务。使用 Glance 的管理平台来上传和下载云镜像。
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* **Heat** – 用于提供编排服务或功能。使用 Heat 管理平台可以轻松地将虚拟机作为堆栈，并且根据需要可以将虚拟机扩展或收缩。
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* **Ceilometer** – 用于提供计量与监控功能。
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### Q:2 What are services generally run on a controller node?
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### Q:2 什么服务通常在控制节点上运行？
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Ans: Following services run on a controller node:
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Ans: 以下服务通常在控制节点上运行：
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* Identity Service ( KeyStone)
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* Image Service ( Glance)
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* Nova Services like Nova API, Nova Scheduler & Nova DB
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* Block & Object Service
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* Ceilometer Service
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* MariaDB / MySQL and RabbitMQ Service
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* Management services of Networking (Neutron) and Networking agents
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* Orchestration Service (Heat)
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* 认证服务 ( KeyStone)
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* 镜像服务 ( Glance)
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* Nova 服务比如 Nova API, Nova Scheduler 和 Nova DB
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* 块存储和对象存储服务
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* Ceilometer 服务
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* MariaDB / MySQL 和 RabbitMQ 服务
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* 网络(Neutron)和网络代理的管理服务
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* 编排服务 (Heat)
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### Q:3 What are the services generally run on a Compute Node?
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### Q:3 什么服务通常在计算节点上运行？
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Ans: Following services run on a compute node,
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Ans: 以下服务通常在计算节点运行：
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* Nova-Compute
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* Networking Services like OVS
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* Nova 计算
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* 网络服务，比如 OVS
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### Q:4 What is the default location of VMs on the Compute Nodes?
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### Q:4 计算节点上虚拟机的默认地址是什么?
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Ans: VMs in the Compute node are stored at “ **/var/lib/nova/instances** ”
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Ans: 虚拟机存储在计算节点的 “ **/var/lib/nova/instances** ”
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### Q:5 What is default location of glance images?
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### Q:5 Glance 镜像的默认地址是什么？
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Ans: As the Glance service runs on a controller node, all the glance images are store under the folder “ **/var/lib/glance/images** ” on a controller node.
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Ans: 因为Glance 服务运行在控制节点上，所以 Glance 镜像都被存储在控制节点的“ **/var/lib/glance/images** ”文件夹下。
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Read More : [**How to Create and Delete Virtual Machine(VM) from Command line in OpenStack**][1]
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想了解更多请访问 : [**在 OpenStack 中如何使用命令行创建和删除虚拟机**][1]
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### Q:6 Tell me the command how to spin a VM from Command Line?
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### Q:6 说一下如何使用命令行启动一个虚拟机？
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Ans: We can easily spin a new VM using the following openstack command,
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Ans: 我们可以使用如下 OpenStack 命令来启动一个新的虚拟机:
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```
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# openstack server create --flavor {flavor-name} --image {Image-Name-Or-Image-ID} --nic net-id={Network-ID} --security-group {Security_Group_ID} –key-name {Keypair-Name} <VM_Name>
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```
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### Q:7 How to list the network namespace of a tenant in OpenStack?
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### Q:7 如何在 OpenStack 中显示用户的网络命名空间列表？
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Ans: Network namespace of a tenant can be listed using “ip net ns” command
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Ans: 可以使用 “ip net ns” 命令来列出用户的网络命名空间。
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```
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~# ip netns list
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vrouter
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```
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### Q:8 How to execute command inside network namespace in openstack?
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### Q:8 如何在 OpenStack 中执行网络命名空间内的命令？
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Ans: Let’s assume we want to execute “ifconfig” command inside the network namespace “qdhcp-a51635b1-d023-419a-93b5-39de47755d2d”, then run the beneath command,
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Ans: 假设我们想在 “qdhcp-a51635b1-d023-419a-93b5-39de47755d2d” 网络命名空间中执行 “ifconfig” 命令，我们可以执行如下命令。
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Syntax : ip netns exec {network-space} <command>
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格式 : ip netns exec {network-space} <command>
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```
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~# ip netns exec qdhcp-a51635b1-d023-419a-93b5-39de47755d2d "ifconfig"
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```
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### Q:9 How to upload and download a cloud image in Glance from command line?
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### Q:9 在 Glance 服务中如何使用命令行上传和下载镜像？
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Ans: A Cloud image can be uploaded in glance from command using beneath openstack command,
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Ans: Glance 服务中云镜像上传可以使用如下 OpenStack 命令：
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```
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~# openstack image create --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --public --file {Name-Cloud-Image}.qcow2 <Cloud-Image-Name>
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```
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Use below openstack command to download a cloud image from command line,
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下载云镜像则使用如下命令：
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```
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~# glance image-download --file <Cloud-Image-Name> --progress <Image-ID>
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```
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### Q:10 How to reset error state of a VM into active in OpenStack env?
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### Q:10 OpenStack 如何将虚拟机从错误状态转换为活动状态？
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Ans: There are some scenarios where some VMs went to error state and this error state can be changed into active state using below commands,
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Ans: 在某些情况下虚拟机可能会进入错误状态，可以使用如下命令将错误状态转换为活动状态：
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```
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~# nova reset-state --active {Instance_id}
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```
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### Q:11 How to get list of available Floating IPs from command line?
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### Q:11 如何使用命令行来获取可使用的浮动 IP 列表？
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Ans: Available floating ips can be listed using the below command,
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Ans: 可使用如下命令来显示可用浮动 IP 列表：
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```
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~]# openstack ip floating list | grep None | head -10
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@ -327,7 +315,7 @@ via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/openstack-interview-questions-answers/
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作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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译者：[ScarboroughCoral](https://github.com/ScarboroughCoral)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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