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geekpi
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[#]: subject: "Install and Use pipx in Linux"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/install-pipx-ubuntu/"
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[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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Install and Use pipx in Linux
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======
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Pip is a popular tool for installing Python packages and modules from [Python Package Index][1].
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However, in recent distribution versions, pip users are encountering an [externally-managed-environment error][2].
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![error: externally-managed-environment][3]
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That's a 'feature' added to avoid conflicts between Python packages installed via [Pip][4] and the native package manager. Python wants you to use separate virtual environments instead of installing the package at the global level via Pip.
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**This is where pipx comes into the picture**. It creates a new virtual environment for each application you install and then creates links to local binary in the /bin at the global level. All this is automatic. It saves time and effort for you.
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Let's see how to install and use Pipx on Ubuntu and other Linux distributions.
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### Install pipx on Ubuntu and other Linux
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The installation is straightforward and can be installed using the following command on Ubuntu and Debian:
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```
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sudo apt update && sudo apt install pipx
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```
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For other distributions, please use your package manager and install it.
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Once you are done with the installation, [add it to the $PATH][5] so it can be accessed from everywhere:
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```
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pipx ensurepath
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```
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![install pipx in ubuntu][6]
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**Close the terminal and start it again**. That's it! Now, let's have a look at how to use it.
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### Using pipx
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What is the primary use of a package manager? Package installation, updation, and removal.
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Let me show how you can do the following with pipx:
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- Search packages
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- Package installation
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- Upgradation
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- Package removal
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Let's start with the installation.
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#### How to install packages using pipx
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To install packages using pipx, you'd have to follow a simple command syntax:
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```
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pipx install <package_name>
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```
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For example, here, I installed a very useful program Cowsay:
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```
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pipx install cowsay
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```
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![install python packages in isolation using pipx in ubuntu][7]
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Similarly, if you want to install a specific version of the package, you'd have to insert the version number followed by `==` as shown:
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```
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pipx install package==version
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```
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For example, here, I installed numpy version 1.24.1:
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```
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pipx install numpy==1.24.1
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```
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![][8]
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#### How to search packages
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The pipx utility does not have a search feature (because of limited API use of PyPI) but that doesn't mean you can't search Python packages.
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To search packages, you'd have to install `pypisearch`:
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```
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pipx install pypisearch
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```
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Once you do that, you can search the packages using the `pypisearch` command:
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```
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pypisearch python_package_name
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```
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Here, I searched for neofetch:
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![search python packages in Ubuntu][9]
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#### How to upgrade packages using pipx
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Like any other modern package manager, you can upgrade all packages at once or you can upgrade one package at a time.
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To upgrade all the packages at once, all you have to do is execute the following command:
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```
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pipx upgrade-all
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```
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![upgrade all the python packages at once in ubuntu][10]
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As you can see, it upgraded numpy to the latest version.
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But if you want to upgrade a specific package, here's how you do it:
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```
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pipx upgrade package-name
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```
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Let's say I want to upgrade `cowsay` package to the latest version, then, I will be using the following:
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```
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pipx upgrade cowsay
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```
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![upgrade specific python package using pipx in ubuntu][11]
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#### How to uninstall packages using pipx
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To remove packages, you'd have to use the `uninstall` flag as shown:
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```
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pipx uninstall package_name
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```
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For your reference, here, I removed `numpy` from my system:
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```
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pipx uninstall numpy
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```
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![remove python packages using pipx in ubuntu][12]
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### Pip or Pipx?
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The restrictions put on Pip have limited its use by the end users. Thankfully, Pipx provides the much-needed alternative. It meets the Python guidelines of using virtual environments and, at the same time, allows installed applications to be available at the global level.
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For end users, who are not Python application developers, this gives the option to use Python applications unavailable in distribution repositories.
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I hope you find this tutorial helpful. Let me know if you have questions or suggestions.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/install-pipx-ubuntu/
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作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
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[1]: https://pypi.org:443/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/externally-managed-environment/
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[3]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/error--externally-managed-environment.png
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[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-pip-ubuntu/
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[5]: https://itsfoss.com/add-directory-to-path-linux/
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/install-pipx-in-ubuntu.png
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[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/install-python-packages-in-isolation-using-pipx-in-ubuntu.png
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/install-specific-version-of-python-package-in-ubuntu-using-pipx.png
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[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/search-python-packages-in-Ubuntu.png
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[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/upgrade-all-the-python-packages-at-once-in-ubuntu.png
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[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/upgrade-specific-python-package-using-pipx-in-ubuntu.png
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[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/remove-python-packages-using-pipx-in-ubuntu.png
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translated/tech/20230530.0 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use pipx in Linux.md
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translated/tech/20230530.0 ⭐️⭐️ Install and Use pipx in Linux.md
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@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
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[#]: subject: "Install and Use pipx in Linux"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/install-pipx-ubuntu/"
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[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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在 Linux 中安装和使用 pipx
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======
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Pip 是一种流行的工具，用于从 [Python 包索引][1]中安装 Python 包和模块。
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然而，在最近的发行版本中，pip 用户遇到了[外部管理环境错误][2]。
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![error: externally-managed-environment][3]
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这是为避免通过 [Pip][4] 安装的 Python 包与本机包管理器之间发生冲突而添加的“功能”。Python 希望你使用单独的虚拟环境，而不是通过 Pip 在全局安装包。
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**这就是 pipx 发挥作用的地方**。它为你安装的每个应用创建一个新的虚拟环境，然后在全局级别的 /bin 中创建到本地二进制文件的链接。这一切都是自动的。它为你节省时间和精力。
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让我们看看如何在 Ubuntu 和其他 Linux 发行版上安装和使用 Pipx。
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### 在 Ubuntu 和其他 Linux 上安装 pipx
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安装很简单，可以在 Ubuntu 和 Debian 上使用以下命令安装：
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```
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sudo apt update && sudo apt install pipx
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```
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对于其他发行版，请使用你的包管理器并安装它。
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完成安装后，[将其添加到 $PATH][5] 以便可以从任何地方访问它：
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```
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pipx ensurepath
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```
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![install pipx in ubuntu][6]
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**关闭终端并重新启动它**。这就完成了！ 现在，让我们看看如何使用它。
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### 使用 pipx
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包管理器的主要用途是什么？ 软件包安装、更新和删除。
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让我向你展示如何使用 pipx 执行以下操作：
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- 搜索包
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- 包安装
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- 升级
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- 包移除
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让我们从安装开始。
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#### 如何使用 pipx 安装包
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要使用 pipx 安装包，你必须遵循一个简单的命令语法：
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```
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pipx install <package_name>
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```
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例如，在这里，我安装了一个非常有用的程序 Cowsay：
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```
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pipx install cowsay
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```
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![install python packages in isolation using pipx in ubuntu][7]
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同样，如果你想安装特定版本的包，你必须插入版本号后跟 `==` 如下所示：
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```
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pipx install package==version
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```
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例如，在这里，我安装了 1.24.1 版本的 numpy：
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```
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pipx install numpy==1.24.1
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```
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![][8]
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#### 如何搜索包
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pipx 程序没有搜索功能（因为 PyPI 的 API 使用有限）但这并不意味着你不能搜索 Python 包。
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要搜索包，你需要安装 `pypisearch`：
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```
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pipx install pypisearch
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```
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完成后，你可以使用 `pypisearch` 命令搜索包：
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```
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pypisearch python_package_name
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```
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在这里，我搜索了 neofetch：
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![search python packages in Ubuntu][9]
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#### 如何使用 pipx 升级包
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与任何其他现代包管理器一样，你可以一次升级所有包，也可以一次升级一个包。
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要一次升级所有软件包，你只需执行以下命令：
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```
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pipx upgrade-all
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```
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![upgrade all the python packages at once in ubuntu][10]
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如你所见，它将 numpy 升级到最新版本。
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但是如果你想升级一个特定的包，你可以这样做：
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```
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pipx upgrade package-name
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```
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假设我想将 `cowsay` 包升级到最新版本，那么，我将使用以下命令：
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```
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pipx upgrade cowsay
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```
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![upgrade specific python package using pipx in ubuntu][11]
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#### 如何使用 pipx 卸载包
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要删除包，你必须使用 `uninstall` 标志，如下所示：
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```
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pipx uninstall package_name
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```
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为了供你参考，在这里，我从我的系统中删除了 `numpy`：
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```
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pipx uninstall numpy
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```
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![remove python packages using pipx in ubuntu][12]
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### Pip 还是 Pipx？
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对 Pip 的限制限制了最终用户对它的使用。值得庆幸的是，Pipx 提供了急需的替代方案。它符合使用虚拟环境的 Python 准则，同时允许已安装的应用在全局范围内可用。
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对于不是 Python 应用开发的最终用户，这提供了使用发行版仓库中不可用的 Python 应用的选项。
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希望本教程对你有所帮助。如果你有任何问题或建议，请告诉我。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/install-pipx-ubuntu/
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作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
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[1]: https://pypi.org:443/
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[2]: https://itsfoss.com/externally-managed-environment/
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[3]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/error--externally-managed-environment.png
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[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-pip-ubuntu/
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[5]: https://itsfoss.com/add-directory-to-path-linux/
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/install-pipx-in-ubuntu.png
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[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/install-python-packages-in-isolation-using-pipx-in-ubuntu.png
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/install-specific-version-of-python-package-in-ubuntu-using-pipx.png
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[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/search-python-packages-in-Ubuntu.png
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[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/upgrade-all-the-python-packages-at-once-in-ubuntu.png
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[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/upgrade-specific-python-package-using-pipx-in-ubuntu.png
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[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/remove-python-packages-using-pipx-in-ubuntu.png
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