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[translated]How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH
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sources/tech/20190926 How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH.md → translated/tech/20190926 How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH.md
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@ -7,35 +7,35 @@
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/execute-run-linux-commands-remote-system-over-ssh/)
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH
如何通过 SSH 在远程 Linux 系统上运行命令
======
We may need to perform some commands on the remote machine.
我们有时可能需要在远程机器上运行一些命令。
To do so, log in to a remote system and do it, if it’s once in a while.
如果只是偶尔进行的操作，要实现这个目的，可以登录到远程系统上直接执行命令。
But every time you do this, it can irritate you
但是每次都这么做的话，就有点烦人了。
If so, what is the better way to get out of it.
既然如此，有没有摆脱这种麻烦操作的更佳方案？
Yes, you can do this from your local system instead of logging in to the remote system.
是的，你可以从你本地系统上执行这些操作，而不用登陆到远程系统上。
Will it benefit me? Yeah definitely. This will save you good time.
这有什么好处吗？毫无疑问。这会为你节省很多好时光。
How’s that happening? Yes, SSH allows you to run a command on a remote machine without logging in to a computer.
这是怎么实现的？SSH 允许你无需登录到远程计算机就可以在它上面运行命令。
**The general syntax is as follow:**
**通用语法如下所示：**
```
$ ssh [User_Name]@[Rremote_Host_Name or IP] [Command or Script]
$ ssh [用户名]@[远程主机名或 IP] [命令或脚本]
```
### 1) How to Run the Command on a Remote Linux System Over SSH
### 1) 如何通过 SSH 在远程 Linux 系统上运行命令
The following example allows users to run the **[df command][1]** via ssh on a remote Linux machine
下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在远程 Linux 机器上运行 **[df 命令][1]**。
```
$ ssh [email protected] df -h
$ ssh [邮件地址隐去] df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 27G 4.4G 23G 17% /
@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ $ ssh [email protected] df -h
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/1000
```
### 2) How to Run Multiple Commands on a Remote Linux System Over SSH
### 2) 如何通过 SSH 在远程 Linux 系统上运行多条命令
The following example allows users to run multiple commands at once over ssh on the remote Linux system.
下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在远程 Linux 机器上一次运行多条命令。
It’s running uptime command and free command on the remote Linux system simultaneously.
下面的命令同时在远程 Linux 系统上运行 uptime 命令和 free 命令。
```
$ ssh [email protected] "uptime && free -m"
$ ssh [邮件地址隐去] "uptime && free -m"
23:05:10 up 10 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.03
@ -65,15 +65,15 @@ $ ssh [email protected] "uptime && free -m"
Swap: 3071 0 3071
```
### 3) How to Run the Command with sudo Privilege on a Remote Linux System Over SSH
### 3) 如何通过 SSH 在远程 Linux 系统上运行带 sudo 权限的命令
The following example allows users to run the **fdisk** command with **[sudo][2]** [][2]**[privilege][2]** on the remote Linux system via ssh.
下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在远程 Linux 机器上运行带有 **[sudo 权限][2]** 的 **fdisk** 命令。
Normal users are not allowed to execute commands available under the system binary **(/usr/sbin/)** directory. Users need root privileges to run it.
普通用户不允许执行系统二进制 **（/usr/sbin/）** 目录下提供的命令。用户需要 root 权限来运行它。
So to run the **[fdisk command][3]** on a Linux system, you need root privileges.
所以你需要 root 权限，好在 Linux 系统上运行 **[fdisk 命令][3]**。
The which command returns the full path of the executable of the given command.
which 命令返回给定命令的完整可执行路径。
```
$ which fdisk
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ $ which fdisk
```
```
$ ssh -t [email protected] "sudo fdisk -l"
$ ssh -t [邮件地址隐去] "sudo fdisk -l"
[sudo] password for daygeek:
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
@ -113,23 +113,23 @@ $ ssh -t [email protected] "sudo fdisk -l"
Connection to centos7.2daygeek.com closed.
```
### 4) How to Run the Service Command with sudo Privilege on a Remote Linux System Over SSH
### 4) 如何通过 SSH 在远程 Linux 系统上运行带 sudo 权限的服务控制命令
The following example allows users to run the service command with sudo privilege on the remote Linux system via ssh.
下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在远程 Linux 机器上运行带有 sudo 权限的服务控制命令。
```
$ ssh -t [email protected] "sudo systemctl restart httpd"
$ ssh -t [邮件地址隐去] "sudo systemctl restart httpd"
[sudo] password for daygeek:
Connection to centos7.2daygeek.com closed.
```
### 5) How to Run the Command on a Remote Linux System Over SSH With Non-Standard Port
### 5) 如何通过非标准端口 SSH 在远程 Linux 系统上运行命令
The following example allows users to run the **[hostnamectl command][4]** via ssh on a remote Linux machine with non-standard port.
下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在使用了非标准端口的远程 Linux 机器上运行 **[hostnamectl 命令][4]**。
```
$ ssh -p 2200 [email protected] hostnamectl
$ ssh -p 2200 [邮件地址隐去] hostnamectl
Static hostname: Ubuntu18.2daygeek.com
Icon name: computer-vm
@ -142,12 +142,12 @@ $ ssh -p 2200 [email protected] hostnamectl
Architecture: x86-64
```
### 6) How to Save Output from Remote System to Local System
### 6) 如何将远程系统的输出保存到本地系统
The following example allows users to remotely execute the **[top command][5]** on a Linux system via ssh and save the output to the local system.
下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在远程 Linux 机器上运行 **[top 命令][5]**，并将输出保存到本地系统。
```
$ ssh [email protected] "top -bc | head -n 35" > /tmp/top-output.txt
$ ssh [邮件地址隐去] "top -bc | head -n 35" > /tmp/top-output.txt
```
```
@ -180,17 +180,17 @@ cat /tmp/top-output.txt
20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [bioset]
```
Alternatively, you can use the following format to run multiple commands on a remote system.
或者你也可以使用以下格式在远程系统上运行多条命令。
```
$ ssh [email protected] << EOF
$ ssh [邮件地址隐去] << EOF
hostnamectl
free -m
grep daygeek /etc/passwd
EOF
```
Output of the above command.
上面命令的输出如下。
```
Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.
@ -212,11 +212,11 @@ Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.
daygeek:x:1000:1000:2daygeek:/home/daygeek:/bin/bash
```
### 7) How to Execute Local Bash Scripts on Remote System
### 7) 如何在远程系统上运行本地 Bash 脚本
The following example allows users to run local **[bash script][6]** “remote-test.sh” via ssh on a remote Linux machine.
下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在远程 Linux 机器上运行本地 **[bash 脚本][5]** “remote-test.sh”。
Create a shell script and execute it.
创建一个 shell 脚本并执行它。
```
$ vi /tmp/remote-test.sh
@ -231,10 +231,10 @@ $ vi /tmp/remote-test.sh
hostnamectl
```
Output for the above command.
上面命令的输出如下。
```
$ ssh [email protected] 'bash -s' < /tmp/remote-test.sh
$ ssh [邮件地址隐去] 'bash -s' < /tmp/remote-test.sh
01:17:09 up 22 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.02, 0.08
@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ $ ssh [email protected] 'bash -s' < /tmp/remote-test.sh
Architecture: x86-64
```
Alternatively, the pipe can be used. If you think the output is not good, add few changes to make it more elegant.
或者也可以使用 pipe。如果你觉得输出不太好看，再做点修改让它更优雅些。
```
$ vi /tmp/remote-test-1.sh
@ -290,10 +290,10 @@ $ vi /tmp/remote-test-1.sh
echo "------------------------------------------------------------------"
```
Output for the above script.
上面脚本的输出如下。
```
$ cat /tmp/remote-test.sh | ssh [email protected]
$ cat /tmp/remote-test.sh | ssh [邮件地址隐去]
Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.
---------System Uptime--------------------------------------------
03:14:09 up 2:19, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
@ -331,22 +331,22 @@ $ cat /tmp/remote-test.sh | ssh [email protected]
Architecture: x86-64
```
### 8) How to Run Multiple Commands on Multiple Remote Systems Simultaneously
### 8) 如何同时在多个远程系统上运行多条指令
The following bash script allows users to run multiple commands on multiple remote systems simultaneously. Use simple for loop to achieve it.
下面的 bash 脚本允许用户同时在多个远程系统上运行多条指令。使用简单的 for 循环实现。
For this purpose, you can try with with the **[PSSH command][7]** or **[ClusterShell command][8]** or **[DSH command][9]**
为了实现这个目的，你可以尝试 **[PSSH 命令][7]** 或 **[ClusterShell 命令][8]** 或 **[DSH 命令][9]**。
```
$ vi /tmp/multiple-host.sh
for host in CentOS7.2daygeek.com CentOS6.2daygeek.com
do
ssh [email protected]${host} "uname -a;uptime;date;w"
ssh [邮件地址隐去]${host} "uname -a;uptime;date;w"
done
```
Output for the above script:
上面脚本的输出如下：
```
$ sh multiple-host.sh
@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ $ sh multiple-host.sh
Wed Sep 25 01:33:57 CDT 2019
01:33:57 up 39 min, 1 user, load average: 0.07, 0.06, 0.06
USER TTY FROM [email protected] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
USER TTY FROM [邮件地址隐去] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
daygeek pts/0 192.168.1.6 01:08 23:25 0.06s 0.06s -bash
Linux CentOS6.2daygeek.com 2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 19 21:26:04 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
@ -368,21 +368,21 @@ $ sh multiple-host.sh
Tue Sep 24 23:33:58 MST 2019
23:33:58 up 39 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
USER TTY FROM [email protected] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
USER TTY FROM [邮件地址隐去] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
```
### 9) How to Add a Password Using the sshpass Command
### 9) 如何使用 sshpass 命令添加一个密码
If you are having trouble entering your password each time, I advise you to go with any one of the methods below as per your requirement.
如果你觉得每次输入密码很麻烦，我建议你视你的需求选择以下方法中的一项来解决这个问题。
If you are going to perform this type of activity frequently, I advise you to set up **[password-less authentication][10]** since it’s a standard and permanent solution.
如果你经常进行类似的操作，我建议你设置 **[免密码认证][10]**，因为它是标准且永久的解决方案。
If you only do these tasks a few times a month. I recommend you to use the **“sshpass”** utility.
如果你一个月只是执行几次这些任务，我推荐你使用 **“sshpass”** 工具。
Just provide a password as an argument using the **“-p”** option.
只需要使用 **“-p”** 参数选项提供你的密码即可。
```
$ sshpass -p 'Your_Password_Here' ssh -p 2200 [email protected] ip a
$ sshpass -p '在这里输入你的密码' ssh -p 2200 [邮件地址隐去] ip a
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ via: https://www.2daygeek.com/execute-run-linux-commands-remote-system-over-ssh/
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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