diff --git a/sources/tech/20190926 How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH.md b/translated/tech/20190926 How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH.md similarity index 73% rename from sources/tech/20190926 How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH.md rename to translated/tech/20190926 How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH.md index 5a50f9e7f7..af9f5edb3f 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20190926 How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH.md +++ b/translated/tech/20190926 How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH.md @@ -7,35 +7,35 @@ [#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/execute-run-linux-commands-remote-system-over-ssh/) [#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) -How to Execute Commands on Remote Linux System over SSH +如何通过 SSH 在远程 Linux 系统上运行命令 ====== -We may need to perform some commands on the remote machine. +我们有时可能需要在远程机器上运行一些命令。 -To do so, log in to a remote system and do it, if it’s once in a while. +如果只是偶尔进行的操作，要实现这个目的，可以登录到远程系统上直接执行命令。 -But every time you do this, it can irritate you +但是每次都这么做的话，就有点烦人了。 -If so, what is the better way to get out of it. +既然如此，有没有摆脱这种麻烦操作的更佳方案？ -Yes, you can do this from your local system instead of logging in to the remote system. +是的，你可以从你本地系统上执行这些操作，而不用登陆到远程系统上。 -Will it benefit me? Yeah definitely. This will save you good time. +这有什么好处吗？毫无疑问。这会为你节省很多好时光。 -How’s that happening? Yes, SSH allows you to run a command on a remote machine without logging in to a computer. +这是怎么实现的？SSH 允许你无需登录到远程计算机就可以在它上面运行命令。 -**The general syntax is as follow:** +**通用语法如下所示：** ``` -$ ssh [User_Name]@[Rremote_Host_Name or IP] [Command or Script] +$ ssh [用户名]@[远程主机名或 IP] [命令或脚本] ``` -### 1) How to Run the Command on a Remote Linux System Over SSH +### 1) 如何通过 SSH 在远程 Linux 系统上运行命令 -The following example allows users to run the **[df command][1]** via ssh on a remote Linux machine +下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在远程 Linux 机器上运行 **[df 命令][1]**。 ``` -$ ssh [email protected] df -h +$ ssh [邮件地址隐去] df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 27G 4.4G 23G 17% / @@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ $ ssh [email protected] df -h tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/1000 ``` -### 2) How to Run Multiple Commands on a Remote Linux System Over SSH +### 2) 如何通过 SSH 在远程 Linux 系统上运行多条命令 -The following example allows users to run multiple commands at once over ssh on the remote Linux system. +下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在远程 Linux 机器上一次运行多条命令。 -It’s running uptime command and free command on the remote Linux system simultaneously. +下面的命令同时在远程 Linux 系统上运行 uptime 命令和 free 命令。 ``` -$ ssh [email protected] "uptime && free -m" +$ ssh [邮件地址隐去] "uptime && free -m" 23:05:10 up 10 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.03 @@ -65,15 +65,15 @@ $ ssh [email protected] "uptime && free -m" Swap: 3071 0 3071 ``` -### 3) How to Run the Command with sudo Privilege on a Remote Linux System Over SSH +### 3) 如何通过 SSH 在远程 Linux 系统上运行带 sudo 权限的命令 -The following example allows users to run the **fdisk** command with **[sudo][2]** [][2]**[privilege][2]** on the remote Linux system via ssh. +下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在远程 Linux 机器上运行带有 **[sudo 权限][2]** 的 **fdisk** 命令。 -Normal users are not allowed to execute commands available under the system binary **(/usr/sbin/)** directory. Users need root privileges to run it. +普通用户不允许执行系统二进制 **（/usr/sbin/）** 目录下提供的命令。用户需要 root 权限来运行它。 -So to run the **[fdisk command][3]** on a Linux system, you need root privileges. +所以你需要 root 权限，好在 Linux 系统上运行 **[fdisk 命令][3]**。 -The which command returns the full path of the executable of the given command. +which 命令返回给定命令的完整可执行路径。 ``` $ which fdisk @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ $ which fdisk ``` ``` -$ ssh -t [email protected] "sudo fdisk -l" +$ ssh -t [邮件地址隐去] "sudo fdisk -l" [sudo] password for daygeek: Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors @@ -113,23 +113,23 @@ $ ssh -t [email protected] "sudo fdisk -l" Connection to centos7.2daygeek.com closed. ``` -### 4) How to Run the Service Command with sudo Privilege on a Remote Linux System Over SSH +### 4) 如何通过 SSH 在远程 Linux 系统上运行带 sudo 权限的服务控制命令 -The following example allows users to run the service command with sudo privilege on the remote Linux system via ssh. +下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在远程 Linux 机器上运行带有 sudo 权限的服务控制命令。 ``` -$ ssh -t [email protected] "sudo systemctl restart httpd" +$ ssh -t [邮件地址隐去] "sudo systemctl restart httpd" [sudo] password for daygeek: Connection to centos7.2daygeek.com closed. ``` -### 5) How to Run the Command on a Remote Linux System Over SSH With Non-Standard Port +### 5) 如何通过非标准端口 SSH 在远程 Linux 系统上运行命令 -The following example allows users to run the **[hostnamectl command][4]** via ssh on a remote Linux machine with non-standard port. +下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在使用了非标准端口的远程 Linux 机器上运行 **[hostnamectl 命令][4]**。 ``` -$ ssh -p 2200 [email protected] hostnamectl +$ ssh -p 2200 [邮件地址隐去] hostnamectl Static hostname: Ubuntu18.2daygeek.com Icon name: computer-vm @@ -142,12 +142,12 @@ $ ssh -p 2200 [email protected] hostnamectl Architecture: x86-64 ``` -### 6) How to Save Output from Remote System to Local System +### 6) 如何将远程系统的输出保存到本地系统 -The following example allows users to remotely execute the **[top command][5]** on a Linux system via ssh and save the output to the local system. +下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在远程 Linux 机器上运行 **[top 命令][5]**，并将输出保存到本地系统。 ``` -$ ssh [email protected] "top -bc | head -n 35" > /tmp/top-output.txt +$ ssh [邮件地址隐去] "top -bc | head -n 35" > /tmp/top-output.txt ``` ``` @@ -180,17 +180,17 @@ cat /tmp/top-output.txt 20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 [bioset] ``` -Alternatively, you can use the following format to run multiple commands on a remote system. +或者你也可以使用以下格式在远程系统上运行多条命令。 ``` -$ ssh [email protected] << EOF +$ ssh [邮件地址隐去] << EOF hostnamectl free -m grep daygeek /etc/passwd EOF ``` -Output of the above command. +上面命令的输出如下。 ``` Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal. @@ -212,11 +212,11 @@ Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal. daygeek:x:1000:1000:2daygeek:/home/daygeek:/bin/bash ``` -### 7) How to Execute Local Bash Scripts on Remote System +### 7) 如何在远程系统上运行本地 Bash 脚本 -The following example allows users to run local **[bash script][6]** “remote-test.sh” via ssh on a remote Linux machine. +下面的例子允许用户通过 ssh 在远程 Linux 机器上运行本地 **[bash 脚本][5]** “remote-test.sh”。 -Create a shell script and execute it. +创建一个 shell 脚本并执行它。 ``` $ vi /tmp/remote-test.sh @@ -231,10 +231,10 @@ $ vi /tmp/remote-test.sh hostnamectl ``` -Output for the above command. +上面命令的输出如下。 ``` -$ ssh [email protected] 'bash -s' < /tmp/remote-test.sh +$ ssh [邮件地址隐去] 'bash -s' < /tmp/remote-test.sh 01:17:09 up 22 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.02, 0.08 @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ $ ssh [email protected] 'bash -s' < /tmp/remote-test.sh Architecture: x86-64 ``` -Alternatively, the pipe can be used. If you think the output is not good, add few changes to make it more elegant. +或者也可以使用 pipe。如果你觉得输出不太好看，再做点修改让它更优雅些。 ``` $ vi /tmp/remote-test-1.sh @@ -290,10 +290,10 @@ $ vi /tmp/remote-test-1.sh echo "------------------------------------------------------------------" ``` -Output for the above script. +上面脚本的输出如下。 ``` -$ cat /tmp/remote-test.sh | ssh [email protected] +$ cat /tmp/remote-test.sh | ssh [邮件地址隐去] Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal. ---------System Uptime-------------------------------------------- 03:14:09 up 2:19, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 @@ -331,22 +331,22 @@ $ cat /tmp/remote-test.sh | ssh [email protected] Architecture: x86-64 ``` -### 8) How to Run Multiple Commands on Multiple Remote Systems Simultaneously +### 8) 如何同时在多个远程系统上运行多条指令 -The following bash script allows users to run multiple commands on multiple remote systems simultaneously. Use simple for loop to achieve it. +下面的 bash 脚本允许用户同时在多个远程系统上运行多条指令。使用简单的 for 循环实现。 -For this purpose, you can try with with the **[PSSH command][7]** or **[ClusterShell command][8]** or **[DSH command][9]** +为了实现这个目的，你可以尝试 **[PSSH 命令][7]** 或 **[ClusterShell 命令][8]** 或 **[DSH 命令][9]**。 ``` $ vi /tmp/multiple-host.sh for host in CentOS7.2daygeek.com CentOS6.2daygeek.com do - ssh [email protected]${host} "uname -a;uptime;date;w" + ssh [邮件地址隐去]${host} "uname -a;uptime;date;w" done ``` -Output for the above script: +上面脚本的输出如下： ``` $ sh multiple-host.sh @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ $ sh multiple-host.sh Wed Sep 25 01:33:57 CDT 2019 01:33:57 up 39 min, 1 user, load average: 0.07, 0.06, 0.06 - USER TTY FROM [email protected] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT + USER TTY FROM [邮件地址隐去] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT daygeek pts/0 192.168.1.6 01:08 23:25 0.06s 0.06s -bash Linux CentOS6.2daygeek.com 2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 19 21:26:04 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux @@ -368,21 +368,21 @@ $ sh multiple-host.sh Tue Sep 24 23:33:58 MST 2019 23:33:58 up 39 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 - USER TTY FROM [email protected] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT + USER TTY FROM [邮件地址隐去] IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT ``` -### 9) How to Add a Password Using the sshpass Command +### 9) 如何使用 sshpass 命令添加一个密码 -If you are having trouble entering your password each time, I advise you to go with any one of the methods below as per your requirement. +如果你觉得每次输入密码很麻烦，我建议你视你的需求选择以下方法中的一项来解决这个问题。 -If you are going to perform this type of activity frequently, I advise you to set up **[password-less authentication][10]** since it’s a standard and permanent solution. +如果你经常进行类似的操作，我建议你设置 **[免密码认证][10]**，因为它是标准且永久的解决方案。 -If you only do these tasks a few times a month. I recommend you to use the **“sshpass”** utility. +如果你一个月只是执行几次这些任务，我推荐你使用 **“sshpass”** 工具。 -Just provide a password as an argument using the **“-p”** option. +只需要使用 **“-p”** 参数选项提供你的密码即可。 ``` -$ sshpass -p 'Your_Password_Here' ssh -p 2200 [email protected] ip a +$ sshpass -p '在这里输入你的密码' ssh -p 2200 [邮件地址隐去] ip a 1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 @@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ via: https://www.2daygeek.com/execute-run-linux-commands-remote-system-over-ssh/ 作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出