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[tranlated]20140929 Using GIT to backup your website files on linux.md
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wangjiezhe translating
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Using GIT to backup your website files on linux
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================================================================================
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Well not exactly Git but a software based on Git known as BUP. I generally use rsync to backup my files and that has worked fine so far. The only problem or drawback is that you cannot restore your files to a particular point in time. Hence, I started looking for an alternative and found BUP a git based software which stores your data in repositories and gives you the option to restore data to a particular point in time.
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With BUP you will first need to initialize an empty repository, then take a backup of all your files. When BUP takes a backup it creates a restore point which you can later restore to. It also creates an index of all your files, this index contains file attributes and checksum. When another backup is scheduled BUP compares the files with this attribute and only saves data if anything has changed. This saves you a lot of space.
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### Installing BUP (Tested on Centos 6 & 7) ###
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Ensure you have RPMFORGE and EPEL repos installed.
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[techarena51@vps ~]$sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ sudo yum install python python-devel
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ sudo yum install fuse-python pyxattr pylibacl
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ sudo yum install perl-Time-HiRes
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ git clone git://github.com/bup/bup
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[techarena51@vps ~]$cd bup
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ make
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ make test
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[techarena51@vps ~]$sudo make install
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For debian/ubuntu users you can do “apt-get build-dep bup” on recent versions for more information check out https://github.com/bup/bup
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You may get errors on CentOS 7 at “make test”, but you can continue to run make install.
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The first step like git is to initialize an empty repository.
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[techarena51@vps ~]$bup init
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By default, bup will store it’s repository under “~/.bup” but you can change that by setting the “export BUP_DIR=/mnt/user/bup” environment variable
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Next you create an index of all files. The index, as I mentioned earlier stores a listing of files, their attributes, and their git object ids (sha1 hashes). ( Attributes include soft links, permissions as well as the immutable bit
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bup index /path/to/file
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bup save -n nameofbackup /path/to/file
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#Example
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup index /var/www/html
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Indexing: 7973, done (4398 paths/s).
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bup: merging indexes (7980/7980), done.
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup save -n techarena51 /var/www/html
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Reading index: 28, done.
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Saving: 100.00% (4/4k, 28/28 files), done.
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bloom: adding 1 file (7 objects).
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Receiving index from server: 1268/1268, done.
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bloom: adding 1 file (7 objects).
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“BUP save” will split all the contents of the file into chunks and store them as objects. The “-n” option takes the name of backup.
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You can check a list of backups as well as a list of backed up files.
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup ls
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local-etc techarena51 test
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#Check for a list of backups available for my site
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup ls techarena51
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2014-09-24-064416 2014-09-24-071814 latest
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#Check for the files available in these backups
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup ls techarena51/2014-09-24-064416/var/www/html
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apc.php techarena51.com wp-config-sample.php wp-load.php
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Backing up files on the same server is never a good option. BUP allows you to remotely backup your website files, you however need to ensure that your SSH keys and BUP are installed on the remote server.
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bup index path/to/dir
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bup save-r remote-vps.com -n backupname path/to/dir
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### Example: Backing up the “/var/www/html” directory ###
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[techarena51@vps ~]$bup index /var/www/html
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup save -r user@remotelinuxvps.com: -n techarena51 /var/www/html
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Reading index: 28, done.
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Saving: 100.00% (4/4k, 28/28 files), done.
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bloom: adding 1 file (7 objects).
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Receiving index from server: 1268/1268, done.
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bloom: adding 1 file (7 objects).
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### Restoring your Backup ###
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Log into the remote server and type the following
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[techarena51@vps ~]$bup restore -C ./backup techarena51/latest
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#Restore an older version of the entire working dir elsewhere
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[techarena51@vps ~]$bup restore -C /tmp/bup-out /testrepo/2013-09-29-195827
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#Restore one individual file from an old backup
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[techarena51@vps ~]$bup restore -C /tmp/bup-out /testrepo/2013-09-29-201328/root/testbup/binfile1.bin
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The only drawback is you cannot restore files to another server, you have to manually copy the files via SCP or even rsync.
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View your backups via an integrated web server
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bup web
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#specific port
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bup web :8181
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You can run bup along with a shell script and a cron job once everyday.
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#!/bin/bash
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bup index /var/www/html
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bup save -r user@remote-vps.com: -n techarena51 /var/www/html
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BUP may not be perfect, but it get’s the job done pretty well. I would definitely like to see more development on this project and hopefully a remote restore as well.
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You may also like to read using [inotify-tools][1] for real time file syncing.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://techarena51.com/index.php/using-git-backup-website-files-on-linux/
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作者：[Leo G][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://techarena51.com/
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[1]:http://techarena51.com/index.php/inotify-tools-example/
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使用 GIT 备份 linux 上的网页
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================================================================================
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BUP 并不单纯是 Git, 而是一款基于 Git 的软件. 一般情况下, 我使用 rsync 来备份我的文件, 而且迄今为止一直工作的很好. 唯一的不足就是无法把文件恢复到某个特定的时间点. 因此, 我开始寻找替代品, 结果发现了 BUP, 一款基于 git 的软件, 它将数据存储在一个仓库中, 并且有将数据恢复到特定时间点的选项.
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要使用 BUP, 你先要初始化一个空的仓库, 然后备份所有文件. 当 BUP 完成一次备份是, 它会创建一个还原点, 你可以过后还原到这里. 它还会创建所有文件的索引, 包括文件的属性和验校和. 当要进行下一个备份是, BUP 会对比文件的属性和验校和, 只保存发生变化的数据. 这样可以节省很多空间.
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### 安装 BUP (在 Centos 6 & 7 上测试通过) ###
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首先确保你已经安装了 RPMFORGE 和 EPEL 仓库
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ sudo yum install python python-devel
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ sudo yum install fuse-python pyxattr pylibacl
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ sudo yum install perl-Time-HiRes
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ git clone git://github.com/bup/bup
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ cd bup
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ make
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ make test
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ sudo make install
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对于 debian/ubuntu 用户, 你可以使用 "apt-get build-dep bup". 要获得更多的信心, 可以查看 https://github.com/bup/bup
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在 CentOS 7 上, 当你运行 "make test" 时可能会出错, 但你可以继续运行 "make install".
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第一步时初始化一个空的仓库, 就像 git 一样.
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup init
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默认情况下, bup 会把仓库存储在 "~/.bup" 中, 但你可以通过设置环境变量 "export BUP_DIR=/mnt/user/bup" 来改变设置.
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然后, 创建所有文件的索引. 这个索引, 就像之前讲过的那样, 存储了一系列文件和它们的属性及 git 目标 id (sha1 哈希表). (属性包括了软链接, 权限和不可改变字节)
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bup index /path/to/file
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bup save -n nameofbackup /path/to/file
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#Example
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup index /var/www/html
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Indexing: 7973, done (4398 paths/s).
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bup: merging indexes (7980/7980), done.
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup save -n techarena51 /var/www/html
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Reading index: 28, done.
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Saving: 100.00% (4/4k, 28/28 files), done.
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bloom: adding 1 file (7 objects).
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Receiving index from server: 1268/1268, done.
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bloom: adding 1 file (7 objects).
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"BUP save" 会把所有内容分块, 然后把它们作为对象储存. "-n" 选项指定备份名.
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你可以查看一系列备份和已备份文件.
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup ls
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local-etc techarena51 test
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#Check for a list of backups available for my site
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup ls techarena51
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2014-09-24-064416 2014-09-24-071814 latest
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#Check for the files available in these backups
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup ls techarena51/2014-09-24-064416/var/www/html
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apc.php techarena51.com wp-config-sample.php wp-load.php
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在同一个服务器上备份文件从来不是一个好的选择. BUP 允许你远程备份网页文件, 但你必须保证你的 SSH 密钥和 BUP 都已经安装在远程服务器上.
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bup index path/to/dir
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bup save-r remote-vps.com -n backupname path/to/dir
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### 例子: 备份 "/var/www/html" 文件夹 ###
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[techarena51@vps ~]$bup index /var/www/html
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[techarena51@vps ~]$ bup save -r user@remotelinuxvps.com: -n techarena51 /var/www/html
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Reading index: 28, done.
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Saving: 100.00% (4/4k, 28/28 files), done.
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bloom: adding 1 file (7 objects).
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Receiving index from server: 1268/1268, done.
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bloom: adding 1 file (7 objects).
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### 恢复备份 ###
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登入远程服务器并输入下面的命令
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[techarena51@vps ~]$bup restore -C ./backup techarena51/latest
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#Restore an older version of the entire working dir elsewhere
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[techarena51@vps ~]$bup restore -C /tmp/bup-out /testrepo/2013-09-29-195827
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#Restore one individual file from an old backup
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[techarena51@vps ~]$bup restore -C /tmp/bup-out /testrepo/2013-09-29-201328/root/testbup/binfile1.bin
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唯一的缺点是你不能把文件恢复到另一个服务器, 你必须通过 SCP 或者 rsync 手动复制文件.
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通过集成的 web 服务器查看备份
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bup web
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#specific port
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bup web :8181
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你可以使用 shell 脚本来运行 bup, 并建立一个每日运行的定时任务
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#!/bin/bash
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bup index /var/www/html
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bup save -r user@remote-vps.com: -n techarena51 /var/www/html
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BUP 并不完美, 但它的确能够很好地完成任务. 我当然非常愿意看到这个项目的进一步开发, 希望以后能够增加远程恢复的功能.
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你也许喜欢阅读 使用[inotify-tools][1], 一篇关于实时文件同步的文章.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://techarena51.com/index.php/using-git-backup-website-files-on-linux/
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作者：[Leo G][a]
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译者：[wangjiezhe](https://github.com/wangjiezhe)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://techarena51.com/
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[1]:http://techarena51.com/index.php/inotify-tools-example/
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