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Xingyu.Wang
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How To Check Whether The Given Package Is Installed Or Not On Debian/Ubuntu System?)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-whether-the-given-package-is-installed-or-not-on-ubuntu-debian-system/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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How To Check Whether The Given Package Is Installed Or Not On Debian/Ubuntu System?
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======
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We have recently published an article about bulk package installation.
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While doing that, i was struggled to get the installed package information and did a small google search and found few methods about it.
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I would like to share it in our website so, that it will be helpful for others too.
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There are numerous ways we can achieve this.
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I have add seven ways to achieve this. However, you can choose the preferred method for you.
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Those methods are listed below.
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* **`apt-cache Command:`** apt-cache command is used to query the APT cache or package metadata.
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* **`apt Command:`** APT is a powerful command-line tool for installing, downloading, removing, searching and managing packages on Debian based systems.
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* **`dpkg-query Command:`** dpkg-query is a tool to query the dpkg database.
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* **`dpkg Command:`** dpkg is a package manager for Debian based systems.
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* **`which Command:`** The which command returns the full path of the executable that would have been executed when the command had been entered in terminal.
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* **`whereis Command:`** The whereis command used to search the binary, source, and man page files for a given command.
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* **`locate Command:`** locate command works faster than the find command because it uses updatedb database, whereas the find command searches in the real system.
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### Method-1 : How To Check Whether The Given Package Is Installed Or Not On Ubuntu System Using apt-cache Command?
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apt-cache command is used to query the APT cache or package metadata from APT’s internal database.
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It will search and display an information about the given package. It shows whether the package is installed or not, installed package version, source repository information.
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The below output clearly showing that `nano` package has already installed in the system. Since installed part is showing the installed version of nano package.
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```
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# apt-cache policy nano
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nano:
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Installed: 2.9.3-2
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Candidate: 2.9.3-2
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Version table:
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*** 2.9.3-2 500
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500 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
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100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
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```
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### Method-2 : How To Check Whether The Given Package Is Installed Or Not On Ubuntu System Using apt Command?
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APT is a powerful command-line tool for installing, downloading, removing, searching and managing as well as querying information about packages as a low-level access to all features of the libapt-pkg library. It’s contains some less used command-line utilities related to package management.
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```
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# apt -qq list nano
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nano/bionic,now 2.9.3-2 amd64 [installed]
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```
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### Method-3 : How To Check Whether The Given Package Is Installed Or Not On Ubuntu System Using dpkg-query Command?
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dpkg-query is a tool to show information about packages listed in the dpkg database.
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In the below output first column showing `ii`. It means, the given package has already installed in the system.
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```
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# dpkg-query --list | grep -i nano
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ii nano 2.9.3-2 amd64 small, friendly text editor inspired by Pico
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```
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### Method-4 : How To Check Whether The Given Package Is Installed Or Not On Ubuntu System Using dpkg Command?
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DPKG stands for Debian Package is a tool to install, build, remove and manage Debian packages, but unlike other package management systems, it cannot automatically download and install packages or their dependencies.
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In the below output first column showing `ii`. It means, the given package has already installed in the system.
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```
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# dpkg -l | grep -i nano
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ii nano 2.9.3-2 amd64 small, friendly text editor inspired by Pico
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```
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### Method-5 : How To Check Whether The Given Package Is Installed Or Not On Ubuntu System Using which Command?
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The which command returns the full path of the executable that would have been executed when the command had been entered in terminal.
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It’s very useful when you want to create a desktop shortcut or symbolic link for executable files.
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Which command searches the directories listed in the current user’s PATH environment variable not for all the users. I mean, when you are logged in your own account and you can’t able to search for root user file or directory.
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If the following output shows the given package binary or executable file location then the given package has already installed in the system. If not, the package is not installed in system.
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```
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# which nano
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/bin/nano
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```
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### Method-6 : How To Check Whether The Given Package Is Installed Or Not On Ubuntu System Using whereis Command?
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The whereis command used to search the binary, source, and man page files for a given command.
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If the following output shows the given package binary or executable file location then the given package has already installed in the system. If not, the package is not installed in system.
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```
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# whereis nano
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nano: /bin/nano /usr/share/nano /usr/share/man/man1/nano.1.gz /usr/share/info/nano.info.gz
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```
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### Method-7 : How To Check Whether The Given Package Is Installed Or Not On Ubuntu System Using locate Command?
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locate command works faster than the find command because it uses updatedb database, whereas the find command searches in the real system.
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It uses a database rather than hunting individual directory paths to get a given file.
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locate command doesn’t pre-installed in most of the distributions so, use your distribution package manager to install it.
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The database is updated regularly through cron. Even, we can update it manually.
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If the following output shows the given package binary or executable file location then the given package has already installed in the system. If not, the package is not installed in system.
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```
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# locate --basename '\nano'
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/usr/bin/nano
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/usr/share/nano
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/usr/share/doc/nano
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-whether-the-given-package-is-installed-or-not-on-ubuntu-debian-system/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (yizhuoyan)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (如何在Debian/Ubuntu系统中检查程序包是否安装?)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-whether-the-given-package-is-installed-or-not-on-ubuntu-debian-system/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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如何在Debian/Ubuntu系统中检查程序包是否安装?
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======
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我们近期发布了一篇关于批量程序包安装的文章。在此同时，关于如何获取系统上已安装了的程序包信息，我也做了些调查然后找到了些方法。我会把这些方法分享在我们的网站上，希望能帮助到其他人。
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有很多种方法可以检查程序包是否已安装，我找到了7种命令，您可以从中选择您喜欢的使用。
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如下:
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* **`apt-cache :`** 可用于查询APT缓存或程序包的元数据。
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* **`apt :`** 在基于Debian的系统中是安装，下载，删除，搜索和管理包的强有力的工具。
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* **`dpkg-query :`** 一个查询dpkg数据库的工具。
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* **`dpkg :`** Debian系统的包管理工具
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* **`which :`** 返回在终端中输入命令时执行的可执行文件的全路径
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* **`whereis :`** 可用于搜索指定命令的二进制文件，源码文件和帮助文件。
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* **`locate :`** locate命令比find命令快，因为其使用updatedb数据库搜索，而find命令在实际系统中搜索。
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## 方法一、使用`apt-cache `命令
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`apt-cache `命令用于从APT的内部数据库中查询**APT缓存**和**包元数据**，将会搜索和显示指定包的信息，包括是否安装，程序包版本，源码仓库信息等。
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下面的示例清楚的显示`nano`包已经在系统中安装了以及对应安装的版本号。
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```
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# apt-cache policy nano
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nano:
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Installed: 2.9.3-2
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Candidate: 2.9.3-2
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Version table:
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*** 2.9.3-2 500
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500 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
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100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
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```
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### 方法二、使用`apt`命令
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`apt`是一个功能强大的命令行工具，可用于安装，下载，删除，搜索，管理程序包以及查询关于程序包的信息，类似对于`libapt-pkg`库的所有功能的底层访问。其包含一些与包管理相关的但很少用到的命令行功能。
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```
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# apt -qq list nano
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nano/bionic,now 2.9.3-2 amd64 [installed]
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```
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### 方法三、使用`dpkg-query`命令
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`dpkg-query` 是显示`dpkg`数据库中程序包信息列表的一个工具。
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下面示例中的输出的第一列`ii`，表示查询的程序包已安装了。
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```
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# dpkg-query --list | grep -i nano
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ii nano 2.9.3-2 amd64 small, friendly text editor inspired by Pico
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```
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### 方法四、使用`dpkg`命令
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`dpkg`(**d**ebian **p**ac**k**a**g**e)是一个安装，构建，删除和管理Debian包的工具，但和其他包管理系统不同的是，其不能自动下载和安装包或包依赖。
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下面示例中的输出的第一列`ii`，表示查询的包已安装了。
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```
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# dpkg -l | grep -i nano
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ii nano 2.9.3-2 amd64 small, friendly text editor inspired by Pico
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```
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### 方法五、使用`which`命令
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`which`命令返回在终端中输入命令时执行的可执行文件的全路径。这对于你想要给可执行文件创建桌面快捷方式或符号链接时非常有用。
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`which`命令仅在当前用户`PATH`环境变量配置的目录列表中搜索，而不是在所有用户的目录中搜索。意思是当你登入你自己账号时 ，其不会在`root`用户文件或目录中搜索。
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如果对于指定的程序包或可执行文件路径有如下输出，则表示已安装了，否则没有。
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```
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# which nano
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/bin/nano
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```
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### 方法六、使用`whereis`命令
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`whereis`命令用于针对指定命令搜索对应的程序二进制文件，源码文件以及帮助文件等。
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如果对于指定的程序包或可执行文件路径有如下输出，则表示已安装了，否则没有。
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```
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# whereis nano
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nano: /bin/nano /usr/share/nano /usr/share/man/man1/nano.1.gz /usr/share/info/nano.info.gz
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```
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### 方法七、使用`locate`命令
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`locate`命令比`find`命令快，因为其在**updatedb**数据库中搜索，而find命令在实际系统中进行搜索。
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对于获取指定文件，其使用数据库而不是在特定目录路径中搜索。
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`locate`命令不会预安装在大多数系统中，需要手动安装。
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`locate`使用的数据库会根据定时任务定期更新。当然，我们也可以手动更新。
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如果对于指定的程序包或可执行文件路径有如下输出，则表示已安装了，否则没有。
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```
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# locate --basename '\nano'
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/usr/bin/nano
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/usr/share/nano
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/usr/share/doc/nano
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-whether-the-given-package-is-installed-or-not-on-ubuntu-debian-system/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[yizhuoyan][translator]
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[translator]:https://github.com/yizhuoyan
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user