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12 个最佳 GNOME（GTK）主题
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======
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||||
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> 让我们来看一些漂亮的 GTK 主题，你不仅可以用在 Ubuntu 上，也可以用在其它使用 GNOME 的 Linux 发行版上。
|
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|
||||
对于我们这些使用 Ubuntu 的人来说，默认的桌面环境从 Unity 变成了 Gnome 使得主题和定制变得前所未有的简单。Gnome 有个相当大的定制用户社区，其中不乏可供用户选择的漂亮的 GTK 主题。最近几个月，我不断找到了一些喜欢的主题。我相信这些是你所能找到的最好的主题之一了。
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|
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### Ubuntu 和其它 Linux 发行版的最佳主题
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|
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这不是一个详细清单，可能不包括一些你已经使用和喜欢的主题，但希望你能至少找到一个能让你喜爱的没见过的主题。所有这里提及的主题都可以工作在 Gnome 3 上，不管是 Ubuntu 还是其它 Linux 发行版。有一些主题的屏幕截屏我没有，所以我从官方网站上找到了它们的图片。
|
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|
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在这里列出的主题没有特别的次序。
|
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但是，在你看这些最好的 GNOME 主题前，你应该学习一下 [如何在 Ubuntu GNOME 中安装主题][1]。
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#### 1、Arc-Ambiance
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![][2]
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Arc 和 Arc 变体主题已经出现了相当长的时间，普遍认为它们是最好的主题之一。在这个示例中，我选择了 Arc-Ambiance ，因为它是 Ubuntu 中的默认 Ambiance 主题。
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我是 Arc 主题和默认 Ambiance 主题的粉丝，所以不用说，当我遇到一个融合了两者优点的主题，我不禁长吸了一口气。如果你是 Arc 主题的粉丝，但不是这个特定主题的粉丝，Gnome 的外观上当然还有适合你口味的大量的选择。
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- [下载 Arc-Ambiance 主题][3]
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#### 2、Adapta Colorpack
|
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![][4]
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Adapta 主题是我所见过的最喜欢的扁平主题之一。像 Arc 一样，Adapata 被很多 Linux 用户广泛采用。我选择这个配色包，是因为一次下载你就有数个可选择的配色方案。事实上，有 19 个配色方案可以选择，是的，你没看错，19 个呢！
|
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|
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所以，如果你是如今常见的扁平风格/<ruby>材料设计风格<rt>Material Design Language</rt></ruby>的粉丝，那么，在这个主题包中很可能至少有一个能满足你喜好的变体。
|
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- [下载 Adapta Colorpack 主题][5]
|
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|
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#### 3、Numix Collection
|
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![][6]
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|
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啊，Numix! 让我想起了我们一起度过的那些年！对于那些在过去几年装点过桌面环境的人来说，你肯定在某个时间点上遇到过 Numix 主题或图标包。Numix 可能是我爱上的第一个 Linux 现代主题，现在我仍然爱它。虽然经过这些年，但它仍然魅力不失。
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|
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灰色色调贯穿主题，尤其是默认的粉红色高亮，带来了真正干净而完整的体验。你可能很难找到一个像 Numix 一样精美的主题包。而且在这个主题包中，你还有很多可供选择的余地，简直不要太棒了！
|
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- [下载 Numix Collection 主题][7]
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#### 4、Hooli
|
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![][8]
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|
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Hooli 是一个已经出现了一段时间的主题，但是我最近才偶然发现它。我是很多扁平主题的粉丝，但是通常不太喜欢材料设计风格的主题。Hooli 像 Adapta 一样吸取了那些设计风格，但是我认为它和其它的那些有所不同。绿色高亮是我对这个主题最喜欢的部分之一，并且，它在不冲击整个主题方面做的很好。
|
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|
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- [下载 Hooli 主题][9]
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|
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#### 5、Arrongin/Telinkrin
|
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|
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![][10]
|
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福利：二合一主题！它们是在主题领域中的相对新的竞争者。它们都吸取了 Ubuntu 接近完成的 “[communitheme][11]” 的思路，并带它到了你的桌面。这两个主题我能找到的唯一真正的区别就是颜色。Arrongin 以 Ubuntu 家族的橙色颜色为中心，而 Telinkrin 则更偏向于 KDE Breeze 系的蓝色，我个人更喜欢蓝色，但是两者都是极好的选择！
|
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|
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- [下载 Arrongin/Telinkrin 主题][12]
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#### 6、Gnome-osx
|
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![][13]
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我不得不承认，通常，当我看到一个主题有 “osx” 或者在标题中有类似的内容时我就不会不期望太多。大多数受 Apple 启发的主题看起来都比较雷同，我真不能找到使用它们的原因。但我想这两个主题能够打破这种思维定式：这就是 Arc-osc 主题和 Gnome-osx 主题。
|
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|
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我喜欢 Gnome-osx 主题的原因是它在 Gnome 桌面上看起来确实很像 OSX。它在融入桌面环境而不至于变的太扁平方面做得很好。所以，对于那些喜欢稍微扁平的主题的人来说，如果你喜欢红黄绿按钮样式（用于关闭、最小化和最大化），这个主题非常适合你。
|
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- [下载 Gnome-osx 主题][14]
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|
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#### 7、Ultimate Maia
|
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|
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![][15]
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曾经有一段时间我使用 Manjaro Gnome。尽管那以后我又回到了 Ubuntu，但是，我希望我能打包带走的一个东西是 Manjaro 主题。如果你对 Manjaro 主题和我一样感受相同，那么你是幸运的，因为你可以带它到你想运行 Gnome 的任何 Linux 发行版！
|
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丰富的绿色颜色，Breeze 式的关闭、最小化、最大化按钮，以及全面雕琢过的主题使它成为一个不可抗拒的选择。如果你不喜欢绿色，它甚至为你提供一些其它颜色的变体。但是说实话……谁会不喜欢 Manjaro 的绿色呢？
|
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- [下载 Ultimate Maia 主题][16]
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#### 8、Vimix
|
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|
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![][17]
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这是一个让我激动的主题。它是现代风格的，吸取了 macOS 的红黄绿按钮的风格，但并不是直接复制了它们，并且减少了多变的主题颜色，使之成为了大多数主题的独特替代品。它带来三个深色的变体和几个彩色配色，我们中大多数人都可以从中找到我们喜欢的。
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- [下载 Vimix 主题][18]
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#### 9、Ant
|
||||
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
像 Vimix 一样，Ant 从 macOS 的按钮颜色中吸取了灵感，但不是直接复制了样式。在 Vimix 减少了颜色花哨的地方，Ant 却增加了丰富的颜色，在我的 System 76 Galago Pro 屏幕看起来绚丽极了。三个主题变体的变化差异大相径庭，虽然它可能不见得符合每个人的口味，它无疑是最适合我的。
|
||||
|
||||
- [下载 Ant 主题][20]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10、Flat Remix
|
||||
|
||||
![][21]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你还没有注意到这点，对于一些关注关闭、最小化、最大化按钮的人来说我就是一个傻瓜。Flat Remix 使用的颜色主题是我从未在其它地方看到过的，它采用红色、蓝色和橙色方式。把这些添加到一个几乎看起来像是一个混合了 Arc 和 Adapta 的主题的上面，就有了 Flat Remix。
|
||||
|
||||
我本人喜欢它的深色主题，但是换成亮色的也是非常好的。因此，如果你喜欢稍稍透明、风格一致的深色主题，以及偶尔的一点点颜色，那 Flat Remix 就适合你。
|
||||
|
||||
- [下载 Flat Remix 主题][22]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11、Paper
|
||||
|
||||
![][23]
|
||||
|
||||
[Paper][24] 已经出现一段时间。我记得第一次使用它是在 2014 年。可以说，Paper 的图标包比其 GTK 主题更出名，但是这并不意味着它自身的主题不是一个极好的选择。即使我从一开始就倾心于 Paper 图标，我不能说当我第一次尝试它的时候我就是一个 Paper 主题忠实粉丝。
|
||||
|
||||
我觉得鲜亮的色彩和有趣的方式被放到一个主题里是一种“不成熟”的体验。现在，几年后，Paper 在我心目中已经长大，至少可以这样说，这个主题采取的轻快方式是我非常欣赏的一个。
|
||||
|
||||
- [下载 Paper 主题][25]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 12、Pop
|
||||
|
||||
![][26]
|
||||
|
||||
Pop 在这个列表上是一个较新的主题，是由 [System 76][27] 的人们创造的，Pop GTK 主题是前面列出的 Adapta 主题的一个分支，并带有一个匹配的图标包，图标包是先前提到的 Paper 图标包的一个分支。
|
||||
|
||||
该主题是在 System 76 发布了 [他们自己的发行版][28] Pop!_OS 之后不久发布的。你可以阅读我的 [Pop!_OS 点评][29] 来了解更多信息。不用说，我认为 Pop 是一个极好的主题，带有华丽的装饰，并为 Gnome 桌面带来了一股清新之风。
|
||||
|
||||
- [下载 Pop 主题][30]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 结束语
|
||||
|
||||
很明显，我们有比文中所描述的主题更多的选择，但是这些大多是我在最近几月所使用的最完整、最精良的主题。如果你认为我们错过一些你确实喜欢的主题，或你确实不喜欢我在上面描述的主题，那么在下面的评论区让我们知道，并分享你喜欢的主题更好的原因！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/best-gtk-themes/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Phillip Prado][a]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
||||
[a]:https://itsfoss.com/author/phillip/
|
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[1]:https://itsfoss.com/install-themes-ubuntu/
|
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[2]:https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/arcambaince.png
|
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[3]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1193861/
|
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[4]:https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/adapta.jpg
|
||||
[5]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1190851/
|
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[6]:https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/numix.png
|
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[7]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1170667/
|
||||
[8]:https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/hooli2.jpg
|
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[9]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1102901/
|
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[10]:https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/AT.jpg
|
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[11]:https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-community-theme/
|
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[12]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1215199/
|
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[13]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/gosx-800x473.jpg
|
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[14]:https://www.opendesktop.org/s/Gnome/p/1171688/
|
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[15]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ultimatemaia-800x450.jpg
|
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[16]:https://www.opendesktop.org/s/Gnome/p/1193879/
|
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[17]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/vimix-800x450.jpg
|
||||
[18]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1013698/
|
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[19]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ant-800x533.png
|
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[20]:https://www.opendesktop.org/p/1099856/
|
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[21]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/flatremix-800x450.png
|
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[22]:https://www.opendesktop.org/p/1214931/
|
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[23]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/paper-800x450.jpg
|
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[24]:https://itsfoss.com/install-paper-theme-linux/
|
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[25]:https://snwh.org/paper/download
|
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[26]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/pop-800x449.jpg
|
||||
[27]:https://system76.com/
|
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[28]:https://itsfoss.com/system76-popos-linux/
|
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[29]:https://itsfoss.com/pop-os-linux-review/
|
||||
[30]:https://github.com/pop-os/gtk-theme/blob/master/README.md
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
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liujing97 is translating
|
||||
Working with data streams on the Linux command line
|
||||
======
|
||||
Learn to connect data streams from one utility to another using STDIO.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,301 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (liujing97)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How To Configure sudo Access In Linux?)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-configure-sudo-access-in-linux/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
|
||||
|
||||
How To Configure sudo Access In Linux?
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
The root user has all the controls in Linux system.
|
||||
|
||||
root user is the most powerful user in the Linux system and can perform any action in the system.
|
||||
|
||||
If any users wants to perform some actions, don’t provide the root access to anybody because if he/she done anything wrong there is no option/way to rectify it.
|
||||
|
||||
To fix this, what will be the solution?
|
||||
|
||||
We can grant sudo permission to the corresponding user to overcome this situation.
|
||||
|
||||
The sudo command offers a mechanism for providing trusted users with administrative access to a system without sharing the password of the root user.
|
||||
|
||||
They can perform most of the administrative operations but not all operations like root.
|
||||
|
||||
### What Is sudo?
|
||||
|
||||
sudo is a program, which can be used by a normal users to execute a command as the super user or another user, as specified by the security policy.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo users access is controlled by `/etc/sudoers` file.
|
||||
|
||||
### What Is An Advantage Of sudo Users?
|
||||
|
||||
sudo is a safe way to run a command in Linux system if you are not familiar on it.
|
||||
|
||||
* The Linux system keeps a logs into the `/var/log/secure` and `/var/log/auth.log` file where you can verify what actions was made by the sudo user.
|
||||
* Every time, it will prompt a password to perform the current action. So, you will be getting a time to verify the action, which you are going to perform. If you feel it’s not a correct action then you can safely exit there itself without perform the current action.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
It’s different for RHEL based systems such as Redhat (RHEL), CentOS and Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL) and Debian based systems such as Debian, Ubuntu and LinuxMint.
|
||||
|
||||
We will tech you, how to perform this on both the distributions in this article.
|
||||
|
||||
It can be done in three ways in both the distributions.
|
||||
|
||||
* Add a user into corresponding groups. For RHEL based system, we need to add a user into `wheel` group. For Debian based system, we need to add a user into `sudo` or `admin` groups.
|
||||
* Add a user into `/etc/group` file manually.
|
||||
* Add a user into `/etc/sudoers` file using visudo.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Configure sudo Access In RHEL/CentOS/OEL Systems?
|
||||
|
||||
It can be done on RHEL based systems such as Redhat (RHEL), CentOS and Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL) using following three methods.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-1: How To Grant The Super User Access To A Normal User In Linux Using wheel Group?
|
||||
|
||||
Wheel is a special group in the RHEL based systems that provides additional privileges that empower a user to execute restricted commands as the super user.
|
||||
|
||||
Make a note that the `wheel` group should be enabled in the `/etc/sudoers` file to gain this access.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# grep -i wheel /etc/sudoers
|
||||
|
||||
## Allows people in group wheel to run all commands
|
||||
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
|
||||
# %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I assume that we had already created an user account to perform this. In my case, I’m going to use `daygeek` user account.
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following command to add an user into wheel group.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# usermod -aG wheel daygeek
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
We can doube confirm this by running the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# getent group wheel
|
||||
wheel:x:10:daygeek
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I’m going to check whether `daygeek` user can access a file which is owned by the root user.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ tail -5 /var/log/secure
|
||||
tail: cannot open _/var/log/secure_ for reading: Permission denied
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I was getting an error when i try to access the `/var/log/secure` file as a normal user. I’m going to access the same file with sudo, let’s see the magic.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo tail -5 /var/log/secure
|
||||
[sudo] password for daygeek:
|
||||
Mar 17 07:01:56 CentOS7 sudo: daygeek : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/daygeek ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/tail -5 /var/log/secure
|
||||
Mar 17 07:01:56 CentOS7 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by daygeek(uid=0)
|
||||
Mar 17 07:01:56 CentOS7 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
|
||||
Mar 17 07:05:10 CentOS7 sudo: daygeek : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/daygeek ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/tail -5 /var/log/secure
|
||||
Mar 17 07:05:10 CentOS7 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by daygeek(uid=0)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-2: How To Grant The Super User Access To A Normal User In RHEL/CentOS/OEL using /etc/group file?
|
||||
|
||||
We can manually add an user into the wheel group by editing the `/etc/group` file.
|
||||
|
||||
Just open the file then append the corresponding user in the appropriate group to achieve this.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ grep -i wheel /etc/group
|
||||
wheel:x:10:daygeek,user1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, I’m going to use `user1` user account.
|
||||
|
||||
I’m going to check whether `user1` user has sudo access or not by restarting the `Apache` service in the system. let’s see the magic.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
|
||||
[sudo] password for user1:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo grep -i user1 /var/log/secure
|
||||
[sudo] password for user1:
|
||||
Mar 17 07:09:47 CentOS7 sudo: user1 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user1 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl restart httpd
|
||||
Mar 17 07:10:40 CentOS7 sudo: user1 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user1 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl restart httpd
|
||||
Mar 17 07:12:35 CentOS7 sudo: user1 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user1 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/grep -i httpd /var/log/secure
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-3: How To Grant The Super User Access To A Normal User In Linux Using /etc/sudoers file?
|
||||
|
||||
sudo users access is controlled by `/etc/sudoers` file. So, simply add an user into the sudoers file under wheel group.
|
||||
|
||||
Just append the desired user into /etc/suoders file by using visudo command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# grep -i user2 /etc/sudoers
|
||||
user2 ALL=(ALL) ALL
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, I’m going to use `user2` user account.
|
||||
|
||||
I’m going to check whether `user2` user has sudo access or not by restarting the `MariaDB` service in the system. let’s see the magic.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart mariadb
|
||||
[sudo] password for user2:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo grep -i mariadb /var/log/secure
|
||||
[sudo] password for user2:
|
||||
Mar 17 07:23:10 CentOS7 sudo: user2 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user2 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl restart mariadb
|
||||
Mar 17 07:26:52 CentOS7 sudo: user2 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user2 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/grep -i mariadb /var/log/secure
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Configure sudo Access In Debian/Ubuntu Systems?
|
||||
|
||||
It can be done on Debian based systems such as Debian based systems such as Debian, Ubuntu and LinuxMint using following three methods.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-1: How To Grant The Super User Access To A Normal User In Linux Using sudo or admin Groups?
|
||||
|
||||
sudo or admin is a special group in the Debian based systems that provides additional privileges that empower a user to execute restricted commands as the super user.
|
||||
|
||||
Make a note that the `sudo` or `admin` group should be enabled in the `/etc/sudoers` file to gain this access.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# grep -i 'sudo\|admin' /etc/sudoers
|
||||
|
||||
# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
|
||||
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL
|
||||
|
||||
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
|
||||
%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I assume that we had already created an user account to perform this. In my case, I’m going to use `2gadmin` user account.
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following command to add an user into sudo group.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# usermod -aG sudo 2gadmin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
We can doube confirm this by running the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# getent group sudo
|
||||
sudo:x:27:2gadmin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I’m going to check whether `2gadmin` user can access a file which is owned by the root user.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ less /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
/var/log/auth.log: Permission denied
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I was getting an error when i try to access the `/var/log/auth.log` file as a normal user. I’m going to access the same file with sudo, let’s see the magic.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo tail -5 /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
[sudo] password for 2gadmin:
|
||||
Mar 17 20:39:47 Ubuntu18 sudo: 2gadmin : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/2gadmin ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/bash
|
||||
Mar 17 20:39:47 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by 2gadmin(uid=0)
|
||||
Mar 17 20:40:23 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
|
||||
Mar 17 20:40:48 Ubuntu18 sudo: 2gadmin : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/2gadmin ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/tail -5 /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
Mar 17 20:40:48 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by 2gadmin(uid=0)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively we can perform the same by adding an user to `admin` group.
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following command to add an user into sudo group.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# usermod -aG admin user1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
We can doube confirm this by running the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# getent group admin
|
||||
admin:x:1011:user1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s see the output.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo tail -2 /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
[sudo] password for user1:
|
||||
Mar 17 20:53:36 Ubuntu18 sudo: user1 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user1 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/tail -2 /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
Mar 17 20:53:36 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by user1(uid=0)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-2: How To Grant The Super User Access To A Normal User In Debian/Ubuntu using /etc/group file?
|
||||
|
||||
We can manually add an user into the sudo or admin group by editing the `/etc/group` file.
|
||||
|
||||
Just open the file then append the corresponding user in the appropriate group to achieve this.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ grep -i sudo /etc/group
|
||||
sudo:x:27:2gadmin,user2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, I’m going to use `user2` user account.
|
||||
|
||||
I’m going to check whether `user2` user has sudo access or not by restarting the `Apache` service in the system. let’s see the magic.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2
|
||||
[sudo] password for user2:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo tail -f /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
[sudo] password for user2:
|
||||
Mar 17 21:01:04 Ubuntu18 systemd-logind[559]: New session 22 of user user2.
|
||||
Mar 17 21:01:04 Ubuntu18 systemd: pam_unix(systemd-user:session): session opened for user user2 by (uid=0)
|
||||
Mar 17 21:01:33 Ubuntu18 sudo: user2 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user2 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl restart apache2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Method-3: How To Grant The Super User Access To A Normal User In Linux Using /etc/sudoers file?
|
||||
|
||||
sudo users access is controlled by `/etc/sudoers` file. So, simply add an user into the sudoers file under sudo or admin group.
|
||||
|
||||
Just append the desired user into /etc/suoders file by using visudo command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# grep -i user3 /etc/sudoers
|
||||
user3 ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, I’m going to use `user3` user account.
|
||||
|
||||
I’m going to check whether `user3` user has sudo access or not by restarting the `MariaDB` service in the system. let’s see the magic.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart mariadb
|
||||
[sudo] password for user3:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo tail -f /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
[sudo] password for user3:
|
||||
Mar 17 21:12:32 Ubuntu18 systemd-logind[559]: New session 24 of user user3.
|
||||
Mar 17 21:12:49 Ubuntu18 sudo: user3 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user3 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl restart mariadb
|
||||
Mar 17 21:12:49 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by user3(uid=0)
|
||||
Mar 17 21:12:53 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
|
||||
Mar 17 21:13:08 Ubuntu18 sudo: user3 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user3 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/tail -f /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
Mar 17 21:13:08 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by user3(uid=0)
|
||||
```
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-configure-sudo-access-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[liujing97](https://github.com/liujing97)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (zero-MK)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How To Check If A Port Is Open On Multiple Remote Linux System Using Shell Script With nc Command?)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/check-a-open-port-on-multiple-remote-linux-server-using-nc-command/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
|
||||
|
||||
How To Check If A Port Is Open On Multiple Remote Linux System Using Shell Script With nc Command?
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
We had recently written an article to check if a port is open on the remote Linux server. It will help you to check for single server.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to check for five servers then no issues, you can use any of the one following command such as nc (netcat), nmap and telnet.
|
||||
|
||||
If you would like to check for 50+ servers then what will be the solution?
|
||||
|
||||
It’s not easy to check all servers, if you do the same then there is no point and you will be wasting a lots of time unnecessarily.
|
||||
|
||||
To overcome this situation, i had coded a small shell script using nc command that will allow us to scan any number of servers with given port.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are looking for a single server scan then you have multiple options, to know more about it. Simply navigate to the following URL to **[Check Whether A Port Is Open On The Remote Linux System?][1]**
|
||||
|
||||
There are two scripts available in this tutorial and both the scripts are useful.
|
||||
|
||||
Both scripts are used for different purpose, which you can easily understand by reading a head line.
|
||||
|
||||
I will ask you few questions before you are reading this article, just answer yourself if you know or you can get it by reading this article.
|
||||
|
||||
How to check, if a port is open on the remote Linux server?
|
||||
|
||||
How to check, if a port is open on the multiple remote Linux server?
|
||||
|
||||
How to check, if multiple ports are open on the multiple remote Linux server?
|
||||
|
||||
### What Is nc (netcat) Command?
|
||||
|
||||
nc stands for netcat. Netcat is a simple Unix utility which reads and writes data across network connections, using TCP or UDP protocol.
|
||||
|
||||
It is designed to be a reliable “back-end” tool that can be used directly or easily driven by other programs and scripts.
|
||||
|
||||
At the same time, it is a feature-rich network debugging and exploration tool, since it can create almost any kind of connection you would need and has several interesting built-in capabilities.
|
||||
|
||||
Netcat has three main modes of functionality. These are the connect mode, the listen mode, and the tunnel mode.
|
||||
|
||||
**Common Syntax for nc (netcat):**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ nc [-options] [HostName or IP] [PortNumber]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Check If A Port Is Open On Multiple Remote Linux Server?
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following shell script if you would like to check the given port is open on multiple remote Linux servers or not.
|
||||
|
||||
In my case, we are going to check whether the port 22 is open in the following remote servers or not? Make sure you have to update your servers list in the file instead of us.
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure you have to update the servers list into `server-list.txt file`. Each server should be in separate line.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# cat server-list.txt
|
||||
192.168.1.2
|
||||
192.168.1.3
|
||||
192.168.1.4
|
||||
192.168.1.5
|
||||
192.168.1.6
|
||||
192.168.1.7
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following script to achieve this.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# vi port_scan.sh
|
||||
|
||||
#!/bin/sh
|
||||
for server in `more server-list.txt`
|
||||
do
|
||||
#echo $i
|
||||
nc -zvw3 $server 22
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set an executable permission to `port_scan.sh` file.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ chmod +x port_scan.sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Finally run the script to achieve this.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# sh port_scan.sh
|
||||
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.2 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.3 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.4 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.5 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.6 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.7 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Check If Multiple Ports Are Open On Multiple Remote Linux Server?
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following script if you want to check the multiple ports in multiple servers.
|
||||
|
||||
In my case, we are going to check whether the port 22 and 80 is open or not in the given servers. Make sure you have to replace your required ports and servers name instead of us.
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure you have to update the port lists into `port-list.txt` file. Each port should be in a separate line.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# cat port-list.txt
|
||||
22
|
||||
80
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure you have to update the servers list into `server-list.txt` file. Each server should be in separate line.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# cat server-list.txt
|
||||
192.168.1.2
|
||||
192.168.1.3
|
||||
192.168.1.4
|
||||
192.168.1.5
|
||||
192.168.1.6
|
||||
192.168.1.7
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following script to achieve this.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# vi multiple_port_scan.sh
|
||||
|
||||
#!/bin/sh
|
||||
for server in `more server-list.txt`
|
||||
do
|
||||
for port in `more port-list.txt`
|
||||
do
|
||||
#echo $server
|
||||
nc -zvw3 $server $port
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
done
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Set an executable permission to `multiple_port_scan.sh` file.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ chmod +x multiple_port_scan.sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Finally run the script to achieve this.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# sh multiple_port_scan.sh
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.2 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.2 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
|
||||
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.3 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.3 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
|
||||
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.4 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.4 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
|
||||
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.5 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.5 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
|
||||
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.6 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.6 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
|
||||
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.7 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.7 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-a-open-port-on-multiple-remote-linux-server-using-nc-command/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-whether-a-port-is-open-on-the-remote-linux-system-server/
|
||||
@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu 和其他 Linux 发行版上的12个最好的 GTK 主题
|
||||
======
|
||||
**简言之:让我们看一看一些漂亮的 GTK 主题，你可能不仅在 Ubuntu 上使用，在其它使用 GNOME 的 Linux 发行版上也使用。**
|
||||
|
||||
我们中的一些狭义上地使用 Ubuntu，从 Unity 移到 Gnome 作为默认桌面环境使制作主题和自定义比以前更简单。Gnome 有相当大的调整社区，并且这里不缺少来供用户来选择的极好的 GTK 主题。考虑到这点，我继续前进并在最近几个月偶然找到一些我非常喜欢的主题。我相信这些是给予你能找到的一些最好体验。
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu 和其它 Linux 发行版的最好的主题
|
||||
|
||||
这不是一个详细清单，可能不包括一些你已经使用和喜欢的主题，但愿，你找到至少一个你喜爱的你还不知道的主题。所有出现的主题能工作在一些 Gnome 3 计划上，Ubuntu 或其它。我丢失一些屏幕截屏，所以我从官方网站上获取图片。
|
||||
|
||||
在这里列出的主题没有特别的次序。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，在你看最好的 GNOME 主题前，你应该学习 [如何在 Ubuntu GNOME 中安装主题][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Arc-Ambiance
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Arc 和 Arc 变体主题现在已经出现相当长的时间，并广泛地被认为是你可以找到的最好的一些主题。在这个示例中，我选择 Arc-Ambiance ，因为它的现代化在 Ubuntu 上呈现默认周围环境主题。
|
||||
|
||||
我是 Arc 主题和默认周围环境主题的粉丝,所以不用说，当我遇到一个融合最好的两者世界的主题，我被惊出一口气。如果你是 Arc 主题的一个粉丝，但不是这个的特别粉丝，Gnome 外貌有其它大量的选项，这将非常适合你的体验。
|
||||
|
||||
[Arc-Ambiance 主题][3]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Adapta Colorpack
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Adapta 主题是我最喜欢的我可能找到的扁平主题之一。像 Arc 一样，Adapata 被很多 linux 用户广泛的采用。我选择这个颜色包，因为一次下载你有数个选项来选择。事实上，这有19个来选择。是的。你读的这些是正确的。19！
|
||||
|
||||
所以，如果你是一个我们今天看到很多的扁平/素材设计语言的粉丝，那么，在这个主题包中最可能有一个满足你的变体。
|
||||
|
||||
[Adapta Colorpack 主题][5]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Numix Collection
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
啊，Numix! 哦，这些年我们一起度过！对于我们中的一些，这已经是我们最近几年的桌面的主题，你必定在一些时间点上偶然发现 Numix 主题或图标包。Numix 很可能是我爱上的最现代的 Linux 主题，现在我仍然爱它 。并且在这些年后，它仍然不失它的魅力。
|
||||
|
||||
灰色色调贯穿主题，尤其是带有默认粉红高亮颜色，制作一个真正地清洁的和完整的体验。你可能很难找到一个像 Numix 一样精美的主题包。在这个作品中，你有很多选项来选择，所以，来疯狂吧！
|
||||
|
||||
[Numix Collection 主题][7]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Hooli
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
Hooli 现在是一个过时的主题，但是我仅最近偶然探测到它。我是大多数扁平主题的粉丝，但是经常远离素材设计语言主题。Hooli，像 Adapta，从这些设计语言中得到想法，但是在某种程度上做它，我认为使它脱离其它事物。绿色高亮颜色是我对这个主题最喜欢的部分之一，并且，它在非过于强烈对比的整个主题上做了很好的工作。
|
||||
|
||||
[Hooli 主题][9]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. Arrongin/Telinkrin
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
Bonus: 两个主题在一个中！并且它们是在主题领域中的相对新的竞争者。它们都从 Ubuntu 快完成的 “[communitheme][11]” 得到想法，并带它到你今天的桌面。我能在找到两者给予的仅有的真正不同点是颜色。Arrongin 是以 Ubuntu-esq 橙色颜色为中心，然而 Telinkrin 使用一个更细长的 KDE Breeze-esq 蓝色，我个人更喜欢蓝色，但是两者都是极好的选项！
|
||||
|
||||
[Arrongin/Telinkrin 主题][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. Gnome-osx
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
我不得不承认，通常，当我看到一个主题有 “osx” 或一些在标题中类似的事，我不期望很多。大多数受苹果启发的主题看起来多少有共同点，我真不能找到一个使用它们的原因。这里有两个主题，我想能打破这个模式：在这里我们有 Arc-osc 主题和 Gnome-osx 主题。
|
||||
|
||||
我喜欢 Gnome-osx 主题的原因是因为它在 Gnome 桌面上看起来真实。它很好地做好混合到桌面环境中工作，而不太扁平。 所以，对于你们中一些喜欢轻微地较少扁平主题的人，如果你喜欢红色，黄色，和用于关闭，最小化，和做大化按钮的绿色按钮方案，这个主题对你更优秀。
|
||||
|
||||
[Gnome-osx 主题][14]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. Ultimate Maia
|
||||
|
||||
![][15]
|
||||
|
||||
有一段时间，我使用 Manjaro Gnome。尽管我已经返回到 Ubuntu，但是，我希望我可以携带的一个东西是 Manjaro 主题。如果你对 Manjaro 主题像我一样感觉相同，那么你是幸运的，因为你可以带它到一些你想的发行版，它在 Gnomes 上运行！
|
||||
|
||||
丰富的绿色颜色，Breeze-esq 关闭，最小化，最大化按钮，并且全面精美的主题时成为一个不可抗拒的选项。它甚至为你不是一个绿色的粉丝而提供一些其它颜色变体。但是，让我们成为真诚的…谁不是 Manjaro 绿色颜色的一个粉丝？
|
||||
|
||||
[Ultimate Maia 主题][16]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. Vimix
|
||||
|
||||
![][17]
|
||||
|
||||
这是一个让我容易获得兴奋的主题。它是现代的，从 macOS 红色中，黄色，绿色按钮中拉出来的，而不是直接复制它们，并下调主题的活力色调，使之对大多数其它主题成为一个唯一可替换物。它带来三个黑暗色的变体和我们中大多数将找到我们喜欢的一些颜色。
|
||||
|
||||
[Vimix 主题][18]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Ant
|
||||
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
像 Vimix 一样，Ant 从 macOS 中按钮颜色吸引灵感，而不是直接复制样式。在哪里 Vimix 下调颜色选项，Ant 在我的System 76 Galago Pro 屏幕上添加一个看起来极好的丰富的颜色。三个主题选项之间的变体是相当激动人心的，虽然它可能不见得符合每个人的体验，它无疑是最适合我的。
|
||||
|
||||
[Ant 主题][20]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. Flat Remix
|
||||
|
||||
![][21]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你还没有注意到这点，我对一些关注关闭，最小化、最大化按钮的人来说是一个傻瓜。Flat Remix 使用的颜色主题是一个我没有在其它一些地方看到过的，带有一个红色，蓝色，和橙色方式。添加这些到一个几乎看起来像一个混合 Arc 和 Adapta 的主题的上面，你有了 Flat Remix 。
|
||||
|
||||
我本人是一个暗选项的粉丝，但是亮的可替换物也是非常好的。因此，如果你喜欢巧妙的透明度，一个内聚的暗主题，以及这里和那里的一点颜色，Flat Remix 献给你。
|
||||
|
||||
[Flat Remix 主题][22]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11\. Paper
|
||||
|
||||
![][23]
|
||||
|
||||
[Paper][24] 现在已经有一段时间。我记得第一次使用它在2014年。我可以说，在这点上，Paper 的图标包比 GTK 主题更出名，但是这不意味着它自身中的主题不是一个极好的选项。哪怕，我从一开始就爱慕 Paper 图标，我不能说，当我第一次尝试它的时候，我是一个忠实的 Paper 主题粉丝。
|
||||
|
||||
我深感喜欢鲜亮的颜色和开心的接近到一个被制作成一个非常合适的“不成熟”的体验主题。现在，几年后，Paper 已经在我心中长大，至少可以这样说这个主题采取的中心明亮的方法是我非常欣赏的一个。
|
||||
|
||||
[Paper 主题][25]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 12\. Pop
|
||||
|
||||
![][26]
|
||||
|
||||
Pop 在这个列表上是一个较新的提案。由在at [System 76][27] 上的人们创造，Pop GTK 主题 Adapta 主题的一个早期列表分叉，并带有一个匹配的图标包，图标包是先前提到的 Paper 图标包的一个分叉。
|
||||
|
||||
该主题在 System 76 宣布后不久就被宣布，它们被宣布在 [它们自己的发行版，][28] Pop!_OS 上。你可以读我的 [Pop!_OS 评论][29] 来了解过多。不用说，我认为 Pop 是一个极好的主题带有一个华丽的润饰并提供一种新鲜的感觉到一些 Gnome 桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
[Pop 主题][30]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 结束语
|
||||
|
||||
很明显，我们有比文中所描述主题更多的选择，但是这些大多是我在最近几月所使用的最完整的和最精良的主题。如果你认为我们错过一些你确实喜欢的主题或你确实不喜欢我在上面描述的主题，那么，在下面的评论区让我们知道，并分享为什么你认为你喜欢的主题更好！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
通过: https://itsfoss.com/best-gtk-themes/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Phillip Prado][a]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://itsfoss.com/author/phillip/
|
||||
[1]:https://itsfoss.com/install-themes-ubuntu/
|
||||
[2]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/arcambaince-300x225.png
|
||||
[3]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1193861/
|
||||
[4]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/adapta-300x169.jpg
|
||||
[5]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1190851/
|
||||
[6]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/numix-300x169.png
|
||||
[7]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1170667/
|
||||
[8]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/hooli2-800x500.jpg
|
||||
[9]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1102901/
|
||||
[10]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/AT-800x590.jpg
|
||||
[11]:https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-community-theme/
|
||||
[12]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1215199/
|
||||
[13]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/gosx-800x473.jpg
|
||||
[14]:https://www.opendesktop.org/s/Gnome/p/1171688/
|
||||
[15]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ultimatemaia-800x450.jpg
|
||||
[16]:https://www.opendesktop.org/s/Gnome/p/1193879/
|
||||
[17]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/vimix-800x450.jpg
|
||||
[18]:https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1013698/
|
||||
[19]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ant-800x533.png
|
||||
[20]:https://www.opendesktop.org/p/1099856/
|
||||
[21]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/flatremix-800x450.png
|
||||
[22]:https://www.opendesktop.org/p/1214931/
|
||||
[23]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/paper-800x450.jpg
|
||||
[24]:https://itsfoss.com/install-paper-theme-linux/
|
||||
[25]:https://snwh.org/paper/download
|
||||
[26]:https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/pop-800x449.jpg
|
||||
[27]:https://system76.com/
|
||||
[28]:https://itsfoss.com/system76-popos-linux/
|
||||
[29]:https://itsfoss.com/pop-os-linux-review/
|
||||
[30]:https://github.com/pop-os/gtk-theme/blob/master/README.md
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (liujing97)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How To Configure sudo Access In Linux?)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-configure-sudo-access-in-linux/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 中如何配置 sudo 访问权限？
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 系统中 root 用户拥有所有的控制权力。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 系统中 root 是拥有最高权力的用户，可以在系统中实施任意的行为。
|
||||
|
||||
如果其他用户想去实施一些行为，不能为所有人都提供 root 访问权限。因为如果他或她做了一些错误的操作，没有办法去纠正它。
|
||||
|
||||
为了解决这个问题，有什么方案吗？
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以把 sudo 权限发放给相应的用户来克服这种情况。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo 命令提供了一种机制，它可以在不用分享 root 用户的密码的前提下，为信任的用户提供系统的管理权限。
|
||||
|
||||
他们可以执行大部分的管理操作，但又不像 root 一样有全部的权限。
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是 sudo？
|
||||
|
||||
sudo 是一个程序，普通用户可以使用它以超级用户或其他用户的身份执行命令，是由安全策略指定的。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo 用户的访问权限是由 `/etc/sudoers` 文件控制的。
|
||||
|
||||
### sudo 用户有什么优点？
|
||||
|
||||
在 Linux 系统中，如果你不熟悉一个命令，sudo 是运行它的一个安全方式。
|
||||
|
||||
* Linux 系统在 `/var/log/secure` 和 `/var/log/auth.log` 文件中保留日志，并且你可以验证 sudo 用户实施了哪些行为操作。
|
||||
* 每一次它都为当前的操作提示输入密码。所以，你将会有时间去验证这个操作是不是你想要执行的。如果你发觉它是不正确的行为，你可以安全地退出而且没有执行此操作。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
基于 RHEL 的系统（如 Redhat (RHEL), CentOS 和 Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL)）和基于 Debian 的系统（如 Debian, Ubuntu 和 LinuxMint）在这点是不一样的。
|
||||
|
||||
我们将会教你如何在本文中的两种发行版中执行该操作。
|
||||
|
||||
这里有三种方法可以应用于两个发行版本。
|
||||
|
||||
* 增加用户到相应的组。基于 RHEL 的系统，我们需要添加用户到 `wheel` 组。基于 Debain 的系统，我们添加用户到 `sudo` 或 `admin` 组。
|
||||
* 手动添加用户到 `/etc/group` 文件中。
|
||||
* 用 visudo 命令添加用户到 `/etc/sudoers` 文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在 RHEL/CentOS/OEL 系统中配置 sudo 访问权限？
|
||||
|
||||
在基于 RHEL 的系统中（如 Redhat (RHEL), CentOS 和 Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL)），使用下面的三个方法就可以做到。
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 1：在 Linux 中如何使用 wheel 组为普通用户授予超级用户访问权限？
|
||||
|
||||
Wheel 是基于 RHEL 的系统中的一个特殊组，它提供额外的权限，可以授权用户像超级用户一样执行受到限制的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
注意，应该在 `/etc/sudoers` 文件中激活 `wheel` 组来获得该访问权限。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# grep -i wheel /etc/sudoers
|
||||
|
||||
## Allows people in group wheel to run all commands
|
||||
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
|
||||
# %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
假设我们已经创建了一个用户账号来执行这些操作。在此，我将会使用 `daygeek` 这个用户账号。
|
||||
|
||||
执行下面的命令，添加用户到 wheel 组。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# usermod -aG wheel daygeek
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以通过下面的命令来确定这一点。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# getent group wheel
|
||||
wheel:x:10:daygeek
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我将要检测用户 `daygeek` 是否可以访问属于 root 用户的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ tail -5 /var/log/secure
|
||||
tail: cannot open _/var/log/secure_ for reading: Permission denied
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
当我试图以普通用户身份访问 `/var/log/secure` 文件时出现错误。 我将使用 sudo 访问同一个文件，让我们看看这个魔术。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo tail -5 /var/log/secure
|
||||
[sudo] password for daygeek:
|
||||
Mar 17 07:01:56 CentOS7 sudo: daygeek : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/daygeek ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/tail -5 /var/log/secure
|
||||
Mar 17 07:01:56 CentOS7 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by daygeek(uid=0)
|
||||
Mar 17 07:01:56 CentOS7 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
|
||||
Mar 17 07:05:10 CentOS7 sudo: daygeek : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/daygeek ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/tail -5 /var/log/secure
|
||||
Mar 17 07:05:10 CentOS7 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by daygeek(uid=0)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 2：在 RHEL/CentOS/OEL 中如何使用 /etc/group 文件为普通用户授予超级用户访问权限？
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以通过编辑 `/etc/group` 文件来手动地添加用户到 wheel 组。
|
||||
|
||||
只需打开该文件，并在恰当的组后追加相应的用户就可完成这一点。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ grep -i wheel /etc/group
|
||||
wheel:x:10:daygeek,user1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在该例中，我将使用 `user1` 这个用户账号。
|
||||
|
||||
我将要通过在系统中重启 `Apache` 服务来检查用户 `user1` 是不是拥有 sudo 访问权限。让我们看看这个魔术。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
|
||||
[sudo] password for user1:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo grep -i user1 /var/log/secure
|
||||
[sudo] password for user1:
|
||||
Mar 17 07:09:47 CentOS7 sudo: user1 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user1 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl restart httpd
|
||||
Mar 17 07:10:40 CentOS7 sudo: user1 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user1 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl restart httpd
|
||||
Mar 17 07:12:35 CentOS7 sudo: user1 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user1 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/grep -i httpd /var/log/secure
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 3：在 Linux 中如何使用 /etc/sudoers 文件为普通用户授予超级用户访问权限？
|
||||
|
||||
sudo 用户的访问权限是被 `/etc/sudoers` 文件控制的。因此，只需将用户添加到 wheel 组下的 sudoers 文件中即可。
|
||||
|
||||
只需通过 visudo 命令将期望的用户追加到 /etc/sudoers 文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# grep -i user2 /etc/sudoers
|
||||
user2 ALL=(ALL) ALL
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在该例中，我将使用 `user2` 这个用户账号。
|
||||
|
||||
我将要通过在系统中重启 `MariaDB` 服务来检查用户 `user2` 是不是拥有 sudo 访问权限。让我们看看这个魔术。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart mariadb
|
||||
[sudo] password for user2:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo grep -i mariadb /var/log/secure
|
||||
[sudo] password for user2:
|
||||
Mar 17 07:23:10 CentOS7 sudo: user2 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user2 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl restart mariadb
|
||||
Mar 17 07:26:52 CentOS7 sudo: user2 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user2 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/grep -i mariadb /var/log/secure
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Debian/Ubuntu 系统中如何配置 sudo 访问权限？
|
||||
|
||||
在基于 Debian 的系统中（如 Debian, Ubuntu 和 LinuxMint），使用下面的三个方法就可以做到。
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 1：在 Linux 中如何使用 sudo 或 admin 组为普通用户授予超级用户访问权限？
|
||||
|
||||
sudo 或 admin 是基于 Debian 的系统中的特殊组，它提供额外的权限，可以授权用户像超级用户一样执行受到限制的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
注意，应该在 `/etc/sudoers` 文件中激活 `sudo` 或 `admin` 组来获得该访问权限。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# grep -i 'sudo\|admin' /etc/sudoers
|
||||
|
||||
# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
|
||||
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL
|
||||
|
||||
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
|
||||
%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
假设我们已经创建了一个用户账号来执行这些操作。在此，我将会使用 `2gadmin` 这个用户账号。
|
||||
|
||||
执行下面的命令，添加用户到 sudo 组。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# usermod -aG sudo 2gadmin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以通过下面的命令来确定这一点。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# getent group sudo
|
||||
sudo:x:27:2gadmin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我将要检测用户 `2gadmin` 是否可以访问属于 root 用户的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ less /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
/var/log/auth.log: Permission denied
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
当我试图以普通用户身份访问 `/var/log/auth.log` 文件时出现错误。 我将要使用 sudo 访问同一个文件，让我们看看这个魔术。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo tail -5 /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
[sudo] password for 2gadmin:
|
||||
Mar 17 20:39:47 Ubuntu18 sudo: 2gadmin : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/2gadmin ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/bash
|
||||
Mar 17 20:39:47 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by 2gadmin(uid=0)
|
||||
Mar 17 20:40:23 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
|
||||
Mar 17 20:40:48 Ubuntu18 sudo: 2gadmin : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/2gadmin ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/tail -5 /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
Mar 17 20:40:48 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by 2gadmin(uid=0)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者，我们可以通过添加用户到 `admin` 组来执行相同的操作。
|
||||
|
||||
运行下面的命令，添加用户到 admin 组。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# usermod -aG admin user1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以通过下面的命令来确定这一点。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# getent group admin
|
||||
admin:x:1011:user1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
让我们看看输出信息。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo tail -2 /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
[sudo] password for user1:
|
||||
Mar 17 20:53:36 Ubuntu18 sudo: user1 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user1 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/tail -2 /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
Mar 17 20:53:36 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by user1(uid=0)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 2：在 Debian/Ubuntu 中如何使用 /etc/group 文件为普通用户授予超级用户访问权限？
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以通过编辑 `/etc/group` 文件来手动地添加用户到 sudo 组或 admin 组。
|
||||
|
||||
只需打开该文件，并在恰当的组后追加相应的用户就可完成这一点。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ grep -i sudo /etc/group
|
||||
sudo:x:27:2gadmin,user2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在该例中，我将使用 `user2` 这个用户账号。
|
||||
|
||||
我将要通过在系统中重启 `Apache` 服务来检查用户 `user2` 是不是拥有 sudo 访问权限。让我们看看这个魔术。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2
|
||||
[sudo] password for user2:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo tail -f /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
[sudo] password for user2:
|
||||
Mar 17 21:01:04 Ubuntu18 systemd-logind[559]: New session 22 of user user2.
|
||||
Mar 17 21:01:04 Ubuntu18 systemd: pam_unix(systemd-user:session): session opened for user user2 by (uid=0)
|
||||
Mar 17 21:01:33 Ubuntu18 sudo: user2 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user2 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl restart apache2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 3：在 Linux 中如何使用 /etc/sudoers 文件为普通用户授予超级用户访问权限？
|
||||
|
||||
sudo 用户的访问权限是被 `/etc/sudoers` 文件控制的。因此，只需将用户添加到 sudo 或 admin 组下的 sudoers 文件中即可。
|
||||
|
||||
只需通过 visudo 命令将期望的用户追加到 /etc/sudoers 文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# grep -i user3 /etc/sudoers
|
||||
user3 ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在该例中，我将使用 `user3` 这个用户账号。
|
||||
|
||||
我将要通过在系统中重启 `MariaDB` 服务来检查用户 `user3` 是不是拥有 sudo 访问权限。让我们看看这个魔术。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart mariadb
|
||||
[sudo] password for user3:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo tail -f /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
[sudo] password for user3:
|
||||
Mar 17 21:12:32 Ubuntu18 systemd-logind[559]: New session 24 of user user3.
|
||||
Mar 17 21:12:49 Ubuntu18 sudo: user3 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user3 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/systemctl restart mariadb
|
||||
Mar 17 21:12:49 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by user3(uid=0)
|
||||
Mar 17 21:12:53 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root
|
||||
Mar 17 21:13:08 Ubuntu18 sudo: user3 : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/user3 ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/tail -f /var/log/auth.log
|
||||
Mar 17 21:13:08 Ubuntu18 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by user3(uid=0)
|
||||
```
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-configure-sudo-access-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[liujing97](https://github.com/liujing97)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "zero-MK"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How To Check If A Port Is Open On Multiple Remote Linux System Using Shell Script With nc Command?"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.2daygeek.com/check-a-open-port-on-multiple-remote-linux-server-using-nc-command/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# 如何使用带有 nc 命令的 Shell 脚本来检查多个远程 Linux 系统是否打开了指定端口？
|
||||
|
||||
我们最近写了一篇文章关于如何检查远程 Linux 服务器是否打开指定端口。它能帮助您检查单个服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
如果要检查五个服务器有没有问题，可以使用以下任何一个命令，如 nc（netcat），nmap 和 telnet。
|
||||
|
||||
但是如果想检查 50 多台服务器，那么你的解决方案是什么？
|
||||
|
||||
要检查所有服务器并不容易，如果你一个一个这样做，完全没有必要，因为这样你将会浪费大量的时间。
|
||||
|
||||
为了解决这种情况，我使用 nc 命令编写了一个 shell 小脚本，它将允许我们扫描任意数量服务器给定的端口。
|
||||
|
||||
如果您要查找单个服务器扫描，您有多个选择，你只需导航到到 **[检查远程 Linux 系统上的端口是否打开？][1]** 了解更多信息。
|
||||
|
||||
本教程中提供了两个脚本，这两个脚本都很有用。
|
||||
|
||||
这两个脚本都用于不同的目的，您可以通过阅读标题轻松理解其用途。
|
||||
|
||||
在你阅读这篇文章之前，我会问你几个问题，如果你知道答案或者你可以通过阅读这篇文章来获得答案。
|
||||
|
||||
如何检查一个远程 Linux 服务器上指定的端口是否打开？
|
||||
|
||||
如何检查多个远程 Linux 服务器上指定的端口是否打开？
|
||||
|
||||
如何检查多个远程 Linux 服务器上是否打开了多个指定的端口？
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是nc（netcat）命令？
|
||||
|
||||
nc 即 netcat 。Netcat 是一个简单实用的 Unix 程序，它使用 TCP 或 UDP 协议进行跨网络连接进行数据读取和写入。
|
||||
|
||||
它被设计成一个可靠的 “后端” (back-end) 工具，我们可以直接使用或由其他程序和脚本轻松驱动它。
|
||||
|
||||
同时，它也是一个功能丰富的网络调试和探索工具，因为它可以创建您需要的几乎任何类型的连接，并具有几个有趣的内置功能。
|
||||
|
||||
Netcat 有三个主要的模式。分别是连接模式，监听模式和隧道模式。
|
||||
|
||||
**nc（netcat）的通用语法：**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ nc [-options] [HostName or IP] [PortNumber]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何检查多个远程 Linux 服务器上的端口是否打开？
|
||||
|
||||
如果要检查多个远程 Linux 服务器上给定端口是否打开，请使用以下 shell 脚本。
|
||||
|
||||
在我的例子中，我们将检查端口 22 是否在以下远程服务器中打开，确保您已经更新文件中的服务器列表而不是还是使用我的服务器列表。
|
||||
|
||||
您必须确保已经更新服务器列表 ： `server-list.txt file` 。每个服务器（IP）应该在单独的行中。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# cat server-list.txt
|
||||
192.168.1.2
|
||||
192.168.1.3
|
||||
192.168.1.4
|
||||
192.168.1.5
|
||||
192.168.1.6
|
||||
192.168.1.7
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用以下脚本可以达到此目的。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# vi port_scan.sh
|
||||
|
||||
#!/bin/sh
|
||||
for server in `more server-list.txt`
|
||||
do
|
||||
#echo $i
|
||||
nc -zvw3 $server 22
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
设置 `port_scan.sh` 文件的可执行权限。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ chmod +x port_scan.sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
最后运行脚本来达到此目的。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# sh port_scan.sh
|
||||
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.2 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.3 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.4 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.5 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.6 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.7 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何检查多个远程 Linux 服务器上是否打开多个端口？
|
||||
|
||||
如果要检查多个服务器中的多个端口，请使用下面的脚本。
|
||||
|
||||
在我的例子中，我们将检查给定服务器的 22 和 80 端口是否打开。确保您必须替换所需的端口和服务器名称而不使用是我的。
|
||||
|
||||
您必须确保已经将要检查的端口写入 `port-list.txt` 文件中。每个端口应该在一个单独的行中。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# cat port-list.txt
|
||||
22
|
||||
80
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
您必须确保已经将要检查的服务器（ IP 地址 ）写入 `server-list.txt` 到文件中。每个服务器（ IP ） 应该在单独的行中。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# cat server-list.txt
|
||||
192.168.1.2
|
||||
192.168.1.3
|
||||
192.168.1.4
|
||||
192.168.1.5
|
||||
192.168.1.6
|
||||
192.168.1.7
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用以下脚本来达成此目的。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# vi multiple_port_scan.sh
|
||||
|
||||
#!/bin/sh
|
||||
for server in `more server-list.txt`
|
||||
do
|
||||
for port in `more port-list.txt`
|
||||
do
|
||||
#echo $server
|
||||
nc -zvw3 $server $port
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
done
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
设置 `multiple_port_scan.sh` 文件的可执行权限。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ chmod +x multiple_port_scan.sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
最后运行脚本来实现这一目的。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# sh multiple_port_scan.sh
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.2 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.2 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
|
||||
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.3 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.3 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
|
||||
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.4 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.4 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
|
||||
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.5 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.5 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
|
||||
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.6 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.6 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
|
||||
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.7 22 port [tcp/ssh] succeeded!
|
||||
Connection to 192.168.1.7 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-a-open-port-on-multiple-remote-linux-server-using-nc-command/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[zero-MK](https://github.com/zero-mk)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-whether-a-port-is-open-on-the-remote-linux-system-server/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user