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[#]: subject: "Open source 3D pixel art with Goxel"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/12/3d-pixel-art-goxel"
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[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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Open source 3D pixel art with Goxel
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======
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Building models with Goxel is a lot of fun, like the best part of Lego
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without the sharp edges and like Minecraft without the Creepers.
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![Pixel art in 3D with Goxel][1]
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I make it no secret that I love Lego, but I've moved far away from my Lego collection, and shipping a closet full of classic Lego sets all the way around the world is currently a problematic proposal. I've done a lot of virtualization to solve this problem, from [building models in Lego CAD][2] to [styling models with a Lego texture in Blender][3]. Recently I discovered [Goxel][4]. This shockingly easy 3D modeling application makes no conceit of being Lego-based or even Lego-adjacent. Yet, the sensation of building models with 3D pixels is surprisingly similar to the satisfaction of building with Lego bricks. You can think of Goxel as a pixel paint program, but in 3D.
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Goxel takes a unique approach to 3D modeling, and it's geared specifically to _low polygon_ modeling. This isn't the application to use if you're looking to sculpt life-like models. But if you like the aesthetic of Minecraft and other low poly art, then you need to try Goxel.
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### Install Goxel on Linux
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You can install Goxel as a [Flatpak][5] on Linux from [Flathub][6].
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For Android, Windows macOS, and iOS, go to the [Goxel website][4] to download an installer.
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Goxel is open source, released under the GPLv3 license.
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### Painting with voxels
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When you first launch Goxel, you get an empty "room" or container in the middle of the Goxel window. This is your canvas.
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![The Goxel canvas][7]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][8])
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It's in this container and only within it that you'll build your models. In most 3D modeling applications, depth perception is an acquired skill, so Goxel constrains the space you have to work in to prevent you from ending up with models and model parts miles away from each other. Goxel also restricts your movements in a strict grid. You can move up and down along a Y-axis, right and left along an X-axis, and "near" and "far" along a Z-axis, but only in segments of one 3D pixel (or _voxel_, as they're called). For all intents and purposes, the voxels of Goxel are the virtual Lego bricks you use to build your model.
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There aren't many tools in Goxel, and that's a real feature for a 3D modeling application. By default, you've already got the pencil tool active, so you can start building right away by clicking your mouse any place within the voxel container.
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![Hello from Goxel][9]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][8])
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Try clicking around the container to see where a voxel gets added. Goxel makes it relatively easy to see where your pencil is about to add a voxel, and it treats voxels like bricks by assuming that when you're near an existing voxel, you want to connect your next voxel to it. Even so, 3D on a 2D screen is difficult. Sometimes voxels get added in a spot you didn't realize you were pointing at. The best way to ensure your voxels get added where you mean for them to get added is to rotate the container often. You can rotate the container using the arrow keys on your keyboard, or you can click and drag the middle-mouse button. A right-click and drag moves the container within the Goxel workspace, and the scroll-wheel of your mouse zooms in and out.
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### Planar markers
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There's another trick to aligning voxels that Goxel provides, and that's a guide in the form of a translucent and temporary plane. When you add a plane to your container, it creates a kind of force field through which your pencil cannot pass.
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![Goxel planar guide][10]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][8])
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The result is that you can safely paint along only two axes but not along the third. You can nudge the plane along the grid so that you're adding voxels in slices, much as a 3D printer adds to a physical model.
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Disable the **Visible** option in the plane controls to remove a plane.
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![Plane controls][11]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][8])
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### Goxel toolbar
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The top toolbar contains seven buttons. From left to right:
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* Undo
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* Redo
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* Delete _everything without confirmation_
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* Add a voxel
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* Subtract (remove) a voxel
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* Paint a voxel
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* Set the paint color
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You can paint in single voxels or use the shape tool to the left of the pencil to add regions of voxels all at once.
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In addition to removing voxels with the pencil, you can also use the laser tool to zap voxels as they appear on the 2D screen that is your computer monitor. The Laser tool, to the right of the shape tool, turns your cursor into a crosshair. Point it at a voxel you see and click on it to erase.
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### The tranquility of minimalism
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Goxel is intentionally simple, not just in what it produces but also in how it produces. I've only discussed the drawing tools of Goxel in this article. While there are other features, like the ability to control the pitch and yaw of the sun, the intensity of shadows, and the position of virtual cameras, the application strives to keep things simple and underwhelming in the best of ways. Building models with Goxel is a lot of fun, like the best part of Lego without the sharp edges and like Minecraft without the Creepers. Go get Goxel, and build some models!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/12/3d-pixel-art-goxel
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/uploads/header-image.jpg?itok=3MWdhreV (Pixel art in 3D with Goxel)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/open-source-virtual-lego
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[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/lego-blender-bricker
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[4]: https://goxel.xyz/
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[5]: https://opensource.com/article/21/11/install-flatpak-linux
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[6]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/io.github.guillaumechereau.Goxel
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[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/goxel-canvas.jpg (The Goxel canvas)
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[8]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/goxel-hello.jpg (Hello from Goxel)
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[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/goxel-plane-guide.jpg (Goxel planar guide)
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[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/goxel-plane-controls.jpg (Plane controls)
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[#]: subject: "Open source 3D pixel art with Goxel"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/12/3d-pixel-art-goxel"
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[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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使用 Goxel 的开源 3D 像素艺术
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======
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使用 Goxel 构建模型很有趣，就像乐高最好的部分没有锋利的边缘，就像没有“爬行者”的 Minecraft。
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![Pixel art in 3D with Goxel][1]
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我喜欢乐高，这不是什么秘密，但我已经远离我的乐高收藏，把满满一柜子的经典乐高套装运到世界各地，这目前是一个有问题的提议。为了解决这个问题，我做了很多虚拟化的工作，从[在乐高 CAD 中建立模型][2]到[在 Blender 中用乐高纹理对模型进行造型][3]。最近我发现了 [Goxel][4]。这个简单得令人震惊的 3D 建模应用并没有自称是基于乐高的，甚至是与乐高相近的。然而，用 3D 像素建立模型的感觉与用乐高积木建立模型的满足感惊人地相似。你可以把 Goxel 看作是一个像素绘画程序，但却是 3D 的。
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Goxel 采取了一种独特的 3D 建模方法，它专门针对_低模_建模。如果你想雕刻出栩栩如生的模型，就不应该使用这个程序。但是，如果你喜欢 Minecraft 和其他低模艺术的美感，那么你需要试试 Goxel。
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### 在 Linux 上安装 Goxel
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你可以从 [Flathub][6] 将 Goxel 作为 [Flatpak][5] 安装在 Linux 上。
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对于 Android、Windows macOS 和 iOS，请到 [Goxel 网站][4]下载安装程序。
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Goxel 是开源的，在 GPLv3 许可下发布。
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### 使用体素绘画
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当你第一次启动 Goxel 时，在 Goxel 窗口的中间会有一个空的“空间”或容器。这就是你的画布。
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![The Goxel canvas][7]
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][8]）
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正是在这个容器中，且只有在这个容器中，你才能建立你的模型。在大多数三维建模应用中，深度感知是一种后天的技能，所以 Goxel 限制了你工作的空间，以防止你最终出现模型和模型部件彼此相距甚远的情况。Goxel 还限制你在一个严格的网格中移动。你可以沿 Y 轴上下移动，沿 X 轴左右移动，沿 Z 轴“近”和“远”移动，但只能在一个三维像素（或称为 _体素_）的片段中移动。就所有的意图和目的而言，Goxel 的体素是你用来建立模型的虚拟乐高砖块。
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Goxel 中没有很多工具，这对一个三维建模应用来说是一个真正的特点。默认情况下，你已经激活了铅笔工具，所以你可以通过点击鼠标在体素容器内的任何地方立即开始建造。
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![Hello from Goxel][9]
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][8]）
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试着点击容器周围，看看哪里有体素被添加。Goxel 让你比较容易看到你的铅笔即将添加体素的地方，它把体素当作砖块，假设当你靠近一个现有的体素时，你想把你的下一个体素连接到它。即便如此，在二维屏幕上实现 3D 也很困难。有时，体素会被添加到一个你没有意识到的地方。确保你的体素被添加到你想添加的地方的最好方法是经常旋转容器。你可以用键盘上的方向键来旋转容器，或者你可以点击并拖动鼠标中键。右击并拖动容器在 Goxel 工作区中移动，而鼠标的滚轮可以放大和缩小。
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### 平面标记
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Goxel 还提供了另一个对齐体素的技巧，那就是以半透明和临时平面的形式提供指导。当你在你的容器中添加一个平面时，它会创建一种力场，你的铅笔无法通过。
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![Goxel planar guide][10]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][8])
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其结果是，你只能沿着两个轴线安全地作画，而不能沿着第三个轴线作画。你可以沿着网格轻推平面，这样你就可以分片添加体素，就像 3D 打印机向物理模型添加一样。
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禁用平面控制中的 **Visible** 选项来移除一个平面。
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![Plane controls][11]
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][8]）
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### Goxel 工具栏
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顶部的工具栏包含七个按钮。从左到右：
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* 撤销
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* 重做
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* 删除_所有的东西，且无需确认_
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* 添加一个象素
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* 减去（删除）一个体素
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* 画一个体素
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* 设置油漆颜色
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你可以在单个体素上作画，也可以使用铅笔左边的形状工具，一次性添加体素区域。
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除了用铅笔删除体素外，你还可以用激光工具来切割体素，因为它们出现在电脑显示器的 2D 屏幕上。激光工具，在形状工具的右边，把你的光标变成一个十字准线。把它指向你看到的体素，然后点击它来擦除。
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### 极简主义的宁静
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Goxel 有意简单，不仅在于它生产的内容，还在于它的生产方式。 我在本文中只讨论了 Goxel 的绘图工具。 虽然还有其他功能，例如控制光线的俯仰和偏航的能力、阴影的强度以及虚拟摄像机的位置，但该应用力求以最佳方式使事情变得简单和平常。 使用 Goxel 构建模型非常有趣，就像没有锋利边缘的乐高玩具，或者没有“爬行者”的 Minecraft。 去获取 Goxel，并构建一些模型！
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/12/3d-pixel-art-goxel
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/uploads/header-image.jpg?itok=3MWdhreV (Pixel art in 3D with Goxel)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/open-source-virtual-lego
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[3]: https://opensource.com/article/20/7/lego-blender-bricker
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[4]: https://goxel.xyz/
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[5]: https://opensource.com/article/21/11/install-flatpak-linux
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[6]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/io.github.guillaumechereau.Goxel
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[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/goxel-canvas.jpg (The Goxel canvas)
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[8]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/goxel-hello.jpg (Hello from Goxel)
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[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/goxel-plane-guide.jpg (Goxel planar guide)
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[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/goxel-plane-controls.jpg (Plane controls)
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