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翻译完成 Open Source Alternatives to LastPass
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Open Source Alternatives to LastPass
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LastPass is a cross-platform password management program. For Linux, it is available as a plugin for Firefox, Chrome, and Opera. LastPass Sesame is available for Ubuntu/Debian and Fedora. There is also a version of LastPass compatible with Firefox Portable for installing on a USB key. And with LastPass Pocket for Ubuntu/Debian, Fedora and openSUSE, there's good coverage. While LastPass is a highly rated service, it is proprietary software. And LastPass has recently been absorbed by LogMeIn. If you're looking for an open source alternative, this article is for you.
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We all face information overload. Whether you conduct business online, read for your job, or just read for pleasure, the internet is a vast source of information. Retaining that information on a long-term basis can be difficult. However, it is essential to recall certain items of information immediately. Passwords are one such example.
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As a computer user, you face the dilemma of choosing the same password or a unique password for each service or web site you use. Matters are complicated because some sites place restrictions on the selection of the password. For example, a site may insist on a minimum number of characters, capital letters, numerals, and other characters which make choosing the same password for each site to be impossible. More importantly, there are good security reasons not to duplicate passwords. This inevitably means that individuals will simply have too many passwords to remember. One solution is to keep the passwords in written form. However, this is also highly insecure.
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Instead of trying to remember an endless array of passwords, a popular solution is to use password manager software. In fact, this type of software is an essential tool for the active internet user. It makes it easy to retrieve, manage and secure all of your passwords. Most passwords are encrypted, either by the program or the filesystem. Consequently, the user only has to remember a single password. Password managers encourage users to choose unique, non-intuitive strong passwords for each service.
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To provide an insight into the quality of software available for Linux, I introduce 4 excellent open source alternatives to LastPass.
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### KeePassX ###
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KeePassX is a multi-platform port of KeePass, an open source and cross-platform password manager. This utility helps you to manage your passwords in a secure way. You can put all your passwords in one database, which is locked with one master key or a key-disk. This lets users only need to remember one single master password or insert the key-disk to unlock the whole database.
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The databases are encrypted using the algorithms AES (alias Rijndael) or Twofish using a 256 bit key.
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Features include:
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- Extensive management- title for each entry for better identification:
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- Determine different expiration dates
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- Insertion of attachments
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- User-defined symbols for groups and entries
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- Fast entry duplication
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- Sorting entries in groups
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- Search function: in specific groups or in the complete database
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- Auto-Type, a feature that allows you to e.g. log in to a web page by pressing a single key combination. KeePassX does the rest of the typing for you. Auto-Type reads the title of currently active window on your screen and matches it to the configured database entries
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- Database security with access to the KeePassX database being granted either with a password, a key-file (e.g. a CD or a memory-stick) or both
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- Automatic generation of secure passwords
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- Precaution features, quality indicator for chosen passwords hiding all passwords behind asterisks
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- Encryption- either the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) or the Twofish algorithm are used, with encryption of the database in 256 bit sized increments
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- Import and export of entries. Import from PwManager (*.pwm) and KWallet (*.xml) files, Export as textfile (*.txt)
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- Website: [www.keepassx.org][1]
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- Developer: KeePassX Team
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- License: GNU GPL v2
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- Version Number: 0.4.3
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### Encryptr ###
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Encryptr is an open source zero-knowledge cloud-based password manager / e-wallet powered by Crypton. Crypton is a JavaScript library that allows developers to write web applications where the server knows nothing of the contents a user is storing.
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Encryptr stores your sensitive data like passwords, credit card data, PINs, or access codes, in the cloud. However, because it was built on the zero-knowledge Crypton framework, Encryptr ensures that only the user has the ability to access or read the confidential information.
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Being cross-platform, it allows users to securely access their confidential data from a single account from the cloud, no matter where they are.
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Features include:
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- Very secure Zero-Knowledge Crypton Framework only ever encrypts or decrypts your data locally on your device
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- Simple to use
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- Cloud based
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- Stores three types of data it stores passwords, credit card numbers and general key/value pairs
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- Optional "Notes" field to all entries
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- Filtering / searching the entry list
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- Local encrypted caching of entries to speed up load time
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- Website: [encryptr.org][2]
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- Developer: Tommy Williams
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- License: GNU GPL v3
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- Version Number: 1.2.0
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### RatticDB ###
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RatticDB is an open source Django based password management service.
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RatticDB is built to be 'Password Lifecycle Management' and not simply a 'Password Storage Engine'. RatticDB aims to help you keep track of what passwords need to be changed and when. It does not include application level encryption.
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Features include:
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- Simple ACL scheme
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- Change Queue feature that allows users to see when they need to update passwords for the applications they use
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- Ansible configurations
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-
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- Website: [rattic.org][3]
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- Developer: Daniel Hall
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- License: GNU GPL v2
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- Version Number: 1.3.1
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### Seahorse ###
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Seahorse is a Gnome front end for GnuPG - the Gnu Privacy Guard program. Its goal is to provide an easy to use Key Management Tool, along with an easy to use interface for encryption operations.
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It is a tool for secure communications and data storage. Data encryption and digital signature creation can easily be performed through a GUI and Key Management operations can easily be carried out through an intuitive interface.
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Additionally, Seahorse includes a Gedit plugin, can handle files using Nautilus, an applet for managing stuff put in the clipboard and an agent for storing private passphrases, as well as a GnuPG and OpenSSH key manager.
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Features include:
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- Encrypt/decrypt/sign files and text
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- Manage your keys and keyring
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- Synchronize your keys and your keyring with key servers
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- Sign keys and publish
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- Cache your passphrase so you don't have to keep typing it
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- Backup your keys and keyring
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- Add an image in any GDK supported format as a OpenGPG photo ID
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- Create SSH keys, configure them, cache them
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- Internationalization support
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- Website: [www.gnome.org/projects/seahorse][4]
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- Developer: Jacob Perkins, Jose Carlos, Garcia Sogo, Jean Schurger, Stef Walter, Adam Schreiber
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- License: GNU GPL v2
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- Version Number: 3.18.0
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20151108125950773/LastPassAlternatives.html
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.keepassx.org/
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[2]:https://encryptr.org/
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[3]:http://rattic.org/
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[4]:http://www.gnome.org/projects/seahorse/
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LastPass的开源替代品
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LastPass是一个跨平台的密码管理程序。在Linux平台中，它可作为Firefox, Chrome和Opera浏览器的插件使用。LastPass Sesame支持Ubuntu/Debian与Fedora系统。此外，LastPass还有安装在Firefox Portable的便携版，可将其安装在USB设备上。再加上适用于Ubuntu/Debian, Fedora和openSUSE的LastPass Pocket, 其具有良好的跨平台覆盖性。虽然LastPass备受好评，但它是一个专有软件。此外，LastPass最近被LogMeIn收购。如果你在找一个开源的替代品，这篇文章可能会对你有所帮助。
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我们正面临着信息大爆炸。无论你是要在线经营生意，找工作，还是只为了休闲来进行阅读，互联网都是一个广大的信息源。在这种情况下，长期保留信息是很困难的。然而，及时地获取某些特定信息非常重要。密码就是这样的一个例子。
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作为一个电脑用户，你可能会面临在不同服务或网站使用相同或不同密码的困境。这个事情非常复杂，因为有些网站会限制你对密码的选择。比如，一个网站可能会限制密码的最小位数，大写字母，数字或者特殊字符，这使得在所有网站使用统一密码变得不可能。更重要的是，不在不同网站中使用同一密码有安全方面的原因。这样就不可避免地意味着人们经常会有很多密码要记。一个解决方案是将所有的密码写下来。然而，这种做法也极度的不安全。
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为了解决需要记忆无穷多串密码的问题，目前比较流行的解决方案是使用密码管理软件。事实上，这类软件对于活跃的互联网用户来说极为实用。它使得你获取、管理和安全保存所有密码变得极为容易，而大多数密码都是被软件或文件系统加密过的。因此，用户只需要记住一个简单的密码就可以获取到其它所有密码。密码管理软件鼓励用户对于不同服务去采用独一无二的，非直观的强密码。
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为了让大家更深入地了解Linux软件的质量，我将介绍4款优秀的、可替代LastPass的开源软件。
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### KeePassX ###
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KeePassX提供KeePass的多平台接口，是一款开源、跨平台的密码管理软件。这款软件可以帮助你以安全的方式保管密码。你可以将所有密码保存在一个数据库中，而这个数据库被一个主密码或密码盘来保管。
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密码数据库使用AES(即Rijndael)或者TwoFish算法进行加密，密钥长度为256位。
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该软件功能包括：
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- 多重管理模式 - 使每条密码更容易被识别
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- 可设置密码过期时间
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- 可插入附件
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- 可为不同分组或密码自定义标志
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- 在分组中对密码排序
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- 搜索函数：可在特定分组或整个数据库中搜索
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- Auto-Type: 这个功能允许你在登录网站时只需要按下几个键。KeePassX可以帮助你输入剩下的密码。Auto-Type通过读取当前窗口的标题，对密码数据库进行搜索来获取相应的密码
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- 数据库安全性强，用户可通过密码或一个密钥文件（可存储在CD或U盘中）访问数据库
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- 自动生成安全的密码
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- 具有预防措施，获取选中的密码并检查其安全性
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- 加密 - 用256位密钥，通过AES(高级加密标准)或TwoFish算法加密数据库
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- 密码可以导入或导出。可从PwManager文件(*.pwm)或KWallet文件(*.xml)中导入密码，可导出为文本(*.txt)格式。
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- 软件官网：[www.keepassx.org][1]
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- 开发者：KeepassX Team
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- 软件许可证：GNU GPL V2
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- 版本号：0.4.3
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### Encryptr ###
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Encryptr是一个开源的、零知晓的、基于云端的密码管理/电子钱包软件，以Crypton为基础开发。Crypton是一个Javascript库，允许开发者利用其开发应用，上传文件至服务器，而服务器无法知道用户所存储的文件内容。
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Encryptr可将你的敏感信息，比如密码、信用卡数据、PIN码、或认证码存储在云端。然而，由于它基于零知晓的Cypton框架开发，Encryptr可保证只有用户才拥有访问或读取秘密信息的权限。
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由于其跨平台的特性，Encryptr允许用户随时随地、安全地通过一个账户从云端获取机密信息。
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软件特性包括：
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- 使用极安全、零知晓的Crypton框架，软件只在本地加密/解密数据
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- 易于使用
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- 基于云端
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- 可存储三种类型的数据：密码、信用卡账号以及通用的键值对
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- 可对每条密码设置“备注”项
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- 对本地密码进行缓存加密，以节省上传时间
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- 软件官网: [encryptr.org][2]
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- 开发者: Tommy Williams
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- 软件许可证: GNU GPL v3
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- 版本号: 1.2.0
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### RatticDB ###
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RatticDB是一个开源的、基于Django的密码管理服务。
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RatticDB被设计为一个“密码生命周期管理工具”而不是单单一个“密码存储工具”。RatticDB致力于及时提醒用户哪些密码在何时需要更改。它不提供应用层面的密码加密。
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软件特性包括：
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- 简洁的ACL设计
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- 可改变队列功能，可让用户知晓何时需要更改某应用的密码
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- Ansible配置
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- 软件官网: [rattic.org][3]
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- 开发者: Daniel Hall
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- 软件许可证: GNU GPL v2
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- 版本号: 1.3.1
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### Seahorse ###
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Seahorse是一个于Gnome前端运行的GnuPG - GNU隐私保护软件。它的目标是提供一个易于使用密钥管理工具，一并提供一个易于使用的界面来控制加密操作。
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Seahorse是一个工具，用来提供安全沟通和数据存储服务。数据加密和数字密钥生成操作可以轻易通过GUI来演示，密钥管理操作也可以轻易通过直观的界面来进行。
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此外，Seahorse包含一个Gedit插件，可以使用鹦鹉螺文件管理器管理文件，一个管理剪贴板中事物的小程序，一个存储私密密码的代理，还有一个GnuPG和OpenSSH的密钥管理工具。
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软件特性包括：
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- 对文本进行加密/解密/签名
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- 管理密钥及密钥环
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- 将密钥及密钥环于密钥服务器同步
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- 密码签名及发布
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- 将密码缓存起来，无需多次重复键入
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- 对密钥及密钥环进行备份
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- 可添加一个GDK支持格式的图片作为OpenGPG图片ID
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- 生成SSH密钥，对其进行验证及储存
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- 多语言支持
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- 软件官网: [www.gnome.org/projects/seahorse][4]
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- 开发者: Jacob Perkins, Jose Carlos, Garcia Sogo, Jean Schurger, Stef Walter, Adam Schreiber
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- 软件许可证: GNU GPL v2
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- 版本号: 3.18.0
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20151108125950773/LastPassAlternatives.html
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译者：[StdioA](https://github.com/StdioA)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.keepassx.org/
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[2]:https://encryptr.org/
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[3]:http://rattic.org/
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[4]:http://www.gnome.org/projects/seahorse/
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