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选题: What is the Difference Between the macOS and Linux Kernels

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What is the Difference Between the macOS and Linux Kernels
======
Some people might think that there are similarities between the macOS and the Linux kernel because they can handle similar commands and similar software. Some people even think that Apple’s macOS is based on Linux. The truth is that both kernels have very different histories and features. Today, we will take a look at the difference between macOS and Linux kernels.
![macOS vs Linux][1]
### History of macOS Kernel
We will start with the history of the macOS kernel. In 1985, Steve Jobs left Apple due to a falling out with CEO John Sculley and the Apple board of directors. He then founded a new computer company named [NeXT][2]. Jobs wanted to get a new computer (with a new operating system) to market quickly. To save time, the NeXT team used the [Mach kernel][3] from Carnegie Mellon and parts of the BSD code base to created the [NeXTSTEP operating system][4].
NeXT never became a financial success, due in part to Jobs’ habit of spending money like he was still at Apple. Meanwhile, Apple had tried unsuccessfully on several occasions to update their operating system, even going so far as to partner with IBM. In 1997, Apple purchased NeXT for $429 million. As part of the deal, Steve Jobs returned to Apple and NeXTSTEP became the foundation of macOS and iOS.
### History of Linux Kernel
Unlike the macOS kernel, Linux was not created as part of a commercial endeavor. Instead, it was [created in 1991 by Finnish computer science student Linus Torvalds][5]. Originally, the kernel was written to the specifications of Linus’ computer because he wanted to take advantage of its new 80386 processor. Linus posted the code for his new kernel to [the Usenet in August of 1991][6]. Soon, he was receiving code and feature suggestions from all over the world. The following year Orest Zborowski ported the X Window System to Linux, giving it the ability to support a graphical user interface.
Over the last 27 years, Linux has slowly grown and gained features. It’s no longer a student’s small-time project. Now it runs most of the [world’s][7] [computing devices][8] and the [world’s supercomputers][9]. Not too shabby.
### Features of the macOS Kernel
The macOS kernel is officially known as XNU. The [acronym][10] stands for “XNU is Not Unix.” According to [Apple’s Github page][10], XNU is “a hybrid kernel combining the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University with components from FreeBSD and C++ API for writing drivers”. The BSD subsystem part of the code is [“typically implemented as user-space servers in microkernel systems”][11]. The Mach part is responsible for low-level work, such as multitasking, protected memory, virtual memory management, kernel debugging support, and console I/O.
### Features of Linux Kernel
While the macOS kernel combines the feature of a microkernel ([Mach][12])) and a monolithic kernel ([BSD][13]), Linux is solely a monolithic kernel. A [monolithic kernel][14] is responsible for managing the CPU, memory, inter-process communication, device drivers, file system, and system server calls.
### Difference between Mac and Linux kernel in one line
The macOS kernel (XNU) has been around longer than Linux and was based on a combination of two even older code bases. On the other hand, Linux is newer, written from scratch, and is used on many more devices.
If you found this article interesting, please take a minute to share it on social media, Hacker News or [Reddit][15].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/mac-linux-difference/
作者：[John Paul][a]
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/john/
[1]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/macos-vs-linux-kernels.jpeg
[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXT
[3]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_(kernel)
[4]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXTSTEP
[5]:https://www.cs.cmu.edu/%7Eawb/linux.history.html
[6]:https://groups.google.com/forum/#!original/comp.os.minix/dlNtH7RRrGA/SwRavCzVE7gJ
[7]:https://www.zdnet.com/article/sorry-windows-android-is-now-the-most-popular-end-user-operating-system/
[8]:https://www.linuxinsider.com/story/31855.html
[9]:https://itsfoss.com/linux-supercomputers-2017/
[10]:https://github.com/apple/darwin-xnu
[11]:http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/ancient/whatismacosx/arch_xnu.html
[12]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_(kernel
[13]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSD
[14]:https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/31632/what-is-the-linux-kernel-and-what-does-it-do/
[15]:http://reddit.com/r/linuxusersgroup