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How to Add a New Disk to an Existing Linux Server
============================================================
As system administrators, we would have got requirements wherein we need to configure raw hard disks to the existing servers as part of upgrading server capacity or sometimes disk replacement in case of disk failure.
In this article, I will take you through the steps by which we can add the new raw hard disk to an existing Linux server such as RHEL/CentOS or Debian/Ubuntu.
**Suggested Read:** [How to Add a New Disk Larger Than 2TB to An Existing Linux][1]
Important: Please note that the purpose of this article is to show only how to create a new partition and doesn’t include partition extension or any other switches.
I am using [fdisk utility][2] to do this configuration.
I have added a hard disk of 20GB capacity to be mounted as a `/data` partition.
fdisk is a command line utility to view and manage hard disks and partitions on Linux systems.
```
# fdisk -l
```
This will list the current partitions and configurations.
[
![Find Linux Partition Details](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Find-Linux-Partition-Details.png)
][3]
Find Linux Partition Details
After attaching the hard disk of 20GB capacity, the `fdisk -l` will give the below output.
```
# fdisk -l
```
[
![Find New Partition Details](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Find-New-Partition-Details.png)
][4]
Find New Partition Details
New disk added is shown as `/dev/xvdc`. If we are adding physical disk it will show as `/dev/sda` based of the disk type. Here I used a virtual disk.
To partition a particular hard disk, for example /dev/xvdc.
```
# fdisk /dev/xvdc
```
Commonly used fdisk commands.
* `n` – Create partition
* `p` – print partition table
* `d` – delete a partition
* `q` – exit without saving the changes
* `w` – write the changes and exit.
Here since we are creating a partition use `n` option.
[
![Create New Partition in Linux](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Create-New-Partition-in-Linux.png)
][5]
Create New Partition in Linux
Create either primary/extended partitions. By default we can have upto 4 primary partitions.
[
![Create Primary Partition](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Create-Primary-Partition.png)
][6]
Create Primary Partition
Give the partition number as desired. Recommended to go for the default value `1`.
[
![Assign a Partition Number](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Assign-a-Partition-Number.png)
][7]
Assign a Partition Number
Give the value of the first sector. If it is a new disk, always select default value. If you are creating a second partition on the same disk, we need to add `1` to the last sector of the previous partition.
[
![Assign Sector to Partition](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Assign-Sector-to-Partition.png)
][8]
Assign Sector to Partition
Give the value of the last sector or the partition size. Always recommended to give the size of the partition. Always prefix `+` to avoid value out of range error.
[
![Assign Partition Size](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Assign-Partition-Size.png)
][9]
Assign Partition Size
Save the changes and exit.
[
![Save Partition Changes](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Save-Partition-Changes.png)
][10]
Save Partition Changes
Now format the disk with mkfs command.
```
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdc1
```
[
![Format New Partition](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Format-New-Partition.png)
][11]
Format New Partition
Once formatting has been completed, now mount the partition as shown below.
```
# mount /dev/xvdc1 /data
```
Make an entry in /etc/fstab file for permanent mount at boot time.
```
/dev/xvdc1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
```
##### Conclusion
Now you know how to partition a raw disk using [fdisk command][12] and mount the same.
We need to be extra cautious while working with the partitions especially when you are editing the configured disks. Please share your feedback and suggestions.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
作者简介：
I work on various platforms including IBM-AIX, Solaris, HP-UX, and storage technologies ONTAP and OneFS and have hands on experience on Oracle Database.
-----------------------
via: http://www.tecmint.com/add-new-disk-to-an-existing-linux/
作者：[Lakshmi Dhandapani][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/lakshmi/
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/add-disk-larger-than-2tb-to-an-existing-linux/
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/fdisk-commands-to-manage-linux-disk-partitions/
[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Find-Linux-Partition-Details.png
[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Find-New-Partition-Details.png
[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Create-New-Partition-in-Linux.png
[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Create-Primary-Partition.png
[7]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Assign-a-Partition-Number.png
[8]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Assign-Sector-to-Partition.png
[9]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Assign-Partition-Size.png
[10]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Save-Partition-Changes.png
[11]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Format-New-Partition.png
[12]:http://www.tecmint.com/fdisk-commands-to-manage-linux-disk-partitions/
[13]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/lakshmi/
[14]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-useful-free-linux-ebooks-for-newbies-and-administrators/
[15]:http://www.tecmint.com/free-linux-shell-scripting-books/

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如何在现有的 Linux 系统上添加新的磁盘
============================================================
作为一个系统管理员，我们会有这样的一些需求：作为升级服务器容量的一部分、或者有时出现磁盘故障时更换磁盘，我们需要将新的硬盘配置到现有服务器。
在这篇文章中，我会向你逐步介绍添加新硬盘到现有 RHEL/CentOS 或者 Debian/Ubuntu Linux 系统的步骤。
**推荐阅读：** [如何将超过 2TB 的新硬盘添加到现有 Linux][1]
重要：请注意这篇文章的目的只是告诉你如何创建新的分区，而不包括分区扩展或者其它选项。
我使用 [fdisk 工具][2] 完成这些配置。
我已经添加了一块 20GB 容量的硬盘，挂载到了 `/data` 分区。
fdisk 是一个在 Linux 系统上用于显示和管理硬盘和分区命令行工具。
```
# fdisk -l
```
这个命令会列出当前分区和配置。
[
![查看 Linux 分区详情](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Find-Linux-Partition-Details.png)
][3]
查看 Linux 分区详情
添加了 20GB 容量的硬盘后，`fdisk -l` 的输出像下面这样。
```
# fdisk -l
```
[
![查看新分区详情](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Find-New-Partition-Details.png)
][4]
查看新分区详情
新添加的磁盘显示为 `/dev/xvdc`。如果我们添加的是物理磁盘，基于磁盘类型它会显示类似 `/dev/sda`。这里我使用的是虚拟磁盘。
要在特定硬盘上分区，例如 `/dev/xvdc`。
```
# fdisk /dev/xvdc
```
常用 fdisk 命令。
* `n` - 创建分区
* `p` - 打印分区表
* `d` - 删除一个分区
* `q` - 不保存更改退出
* `w` - 保存更改并退出
这里既然我们是要创建一个分区，就用 `n` 选项。
[
![在 Linux 上创建新分区](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Create-New-Partition-in-Linux.png)
][5]
在 Linux上创建新分区
创建主分区或者扩展分区。默认情况下我们最多可以有 4 个主分区。
[
![创建主分区](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Create-Primary-Partition.png)
][6]
创建主分区
按需求输入分区编号。推荐使用默认的值 `1`。
[
![分配分区编号](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Assign-a-Partition-Number.png)
][7]
分配分区编号
输入第一个扇区的大小。如果是一个新的磁盘，通常选择默认值。如果你是在同一个磁盘上创建第二个分区，我们需要在前一个分区的最后一个扇区的基础上加 `1`。
[
![为分区分配扇区](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Assign-Sector-to-Partition.png)
][8]
为分区分配扇区
输入最后一个扇区或者分区大小的值。通常推荐输入分区的大小。总是添加前缀 `+` 以防止值超出范围错误。
[
![分配分区大小](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Assign-Partition-Size.png)
][9]
分配分区大小
保存更改并退出。
[
![保存分区更改](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Save-Partition-Changes.png)
][10]
保存分区更改
现在使用 mkfs 命令格式化磁盘。
```
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdc1
```
[
![格式化新分区](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Format-New-Partition.png)
][11]
格式化新分区
格式化完成后，按照下面的命令挂载分区。
```
# mount /dev/xvdc1 /data
```
在 `/etc/fstab` 文件中添加条目以便永久启动时自动挂载。
```
/dev/xvdc1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
```
##### 总结
现在你知道如何使用 [fdisk 命令][12] 在新磁盘上创建分区并挂载了。
当处理分区、尤其是编辑已配置磁盘的时候我们需要格外的小心。请分享你的反馈和建议吧。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
作者简介：
我的工作内容包括 IBM-AIX、Solaris、HP-UX 多种平台以及存储技术 ONTAP 和 OneFS，并具有 Oracle 数据库的经验。
-----------------------
via: http://www.tecmint.com/add-new-disk-to-an-existing-linux/
作者：[Lakshmi Dhandapani][a]
译者：[ictlyh](https://github.com/ictlyh)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/lakshmi/
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/add-disk-larger-than-2tb-to-an-existing-linux/
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/fdisk-commands-to-manage-linux-disk-partitions/
[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Find-Linux-Partition-Details.png
[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Find-New-Partition-Details.png
[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Create-New-Partition-in-Linux.png
[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Create-Primary-Partition.png
[7]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Assign-a-Partition-Number.png
[8]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Assign-Sector-to-Partition.png
[9]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Assign-Partition-Size.png
[10]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Save-Partition-Changes.png
[11]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Format-New-Partition.png
[12]:http://www.tecmint.com/fdisk-commands-to-manage-linux-disk-partitions/
[13]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/lakshmi/
[14]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-useful-free-linux-ebooks-for-newbies-and-administrators/
[15]:http://www.tecmint.com/free-linux-shell-scripting-books/