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26
translated/Are We Witnessing the Decline of Ubuntu.md → published/Are We Witnessing the Decline of Ubuntu.md
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
起初，这个想法可能看起来荒谬可笑或者不怀好意。因为你仍能看到Ubuntu的狂热支持者们在为其每一个发行版的改进鼓掌叫好呐喊助威；记者们也还在谄媚地报道Ubuntu创始人Mark Shuttleworth所说的每一句话。
社区负责人Jono Bacon正在为Ubuntu Touch移动操作系统开发一个新的应用开发者社区；最近，Ubuntu的商业部门Canonical还公布了一些重大项目，例如与中国政府合作，为其开发[国家级的中文操作系统][1]，以及被Linux基金会选中负责实现[Steam][2]游戏平台等等。
> 社区负责人Jono Bacon正在为Ubuntu Touch移动操作系统开发一个新的应用开发者社区；最近，Ubuntu的商业部门Canonical还公布了一些重大项目，例如与中国政府合作，为其开发[国家级的中文操作系统][1]，以及被Linux基金会选中负责实现[Steam][2]游戏平台等等。
然而，[Ubuntu在Google上搜索量][3]的锐减趋势也许能说明一些问题。除了Android和Mageia，其他Linux[主流发行版][4]情况类似，都有所下降，但事实是，即便这样，却没有哪个发行版像Ubuntu一样下降得如此厉害 —— 搜索量还不到2007年10月的一半，为2006年六月以来的最低值。
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
和去年形成鲜明对比的是Ubuntu的早几年。2005年到2007年，三年间，Ubuntu成为了Linux桌面世界最新最伟大的希望之星，批评言论主要限于那些认为没有给Debian足够荣誉或是质疑某个古怪暴发户投资动机的人。
在那些风光的年月里，Ubuntu确实做出了很多努力，大大推进了Linux桌面系统的易用性与普遍性。也许最值得铭记的就是它对多语言环境和键盘区域切换的支持，现在这已成为各大主流发行版的标准。
在那些风光的年月里，Ubuntu确实做出了很多努力，大大推进了Linux桌面系统的易用性与普遍性。也许最值得铭记的就是它对多语言环境和本地化键盘切换的支持，现在这已成为各大主流发行版的标准。
但好景不长，渐渐地，Ubuntu和Canonical开始将自己孤立于主流自由软件社区之外。Shuttleworth的那些美好初衷，诸如项目协作、强调易用性等等，都被严重忽略了。由于对GNOME开发速度不满 —— 也或者是被GNOME社区视为爆发户 —— Shuttleworth开始了Unity 接口开发，他对此如此着迷，以致甘愿放弃Canonical CEO的职位。
@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ Ubuntu为什么要这么做？Upstart和Mir虽然都保留着自由软件许可
Canonical将自己孤立得越发遥远，它却越想控制整个Ubuntu社区。
Canonical之所以这样，也许可以解释为这是越来越坚定想努力盈利的结果。尽管Canonical一直在忙于宣布获得了新的合作与支持，但是[这些声明][10]中却总是缺少任何提及合作资金数额的词句。要说这是遗漏了？经过长达九年的商业化运行，很难想象他们会漏掉任何可以报道的好消息。但是，无论原因是什么，Canonical已经越来越多地不经任何商讨，就将它的决定强加给志愿者社区。
Canonical之所以这样，也许可以解释为这是越来越坚定想努力盈利的结果。尽管Canonical一直在忙于宣布获得了新的合作与支持，但是[这些声明][10]中却总是缺少任何提及合作资金数额的词句。要说这是遗漏了？经过长达九年的商业化运行，很难想象他们会漏掉任何可以报道的好消息。但是，无论原因是什么，Canonical已经越来越多地不经任何商讨，就将它的决定强加给Ubuntu志愿者社区。
其中的许多决定都是很琐碎的。范围从决定不再支持完全自由许可的Ubuntu版本或者一个基于KDE的版本到标题栏图标的重新定位，以及替换[HUD][11]菜单的介绍。
其中的许多决定都是很琐碎的。范围从决定不再支持完全自由许可的Ubuntu版本或者一个基于KDE的版本，到标题栏图标的重新定位，以及替换[HUD][11]菜单的介绍。
其实，在争论中，解决问题并不是最重要的，重要的是解决问题时人们之间的关系。与Canonical不同，Ubuntu每天的运行看起来就像是任何预期中规范的自由软件项目一样，有讨论有商议。而Canonical呢？据说，Canonical公司中的高级雇员经常滥用否决权，即便是礼貌的否定，都可能会导致摩擦 —— 更何况，这种否定还常常是粗鲁的。Canonical已经不再欢迎开诚布公的讨论，而是借着“为了让Ubuntu成功”的名义越来越倾向于扼杀人们的不同意见。
其实，在争论中，解决问题并不是最重要的，重要的是解决问题时人们之间的关系。与Canonical不同，Ubuntu社区每天的运行看起来就像是任何预期中规范的自由软件项目一样，有讨论有商议。而Canonical呢？据说，Canonical公司中的高级雇员经常滥用否决权，即便是礼貌的否定，都可能会导致摩擦 —— 更何况，这种否定还常常是粗鲁的。Canonical已经不再欢迎开诚布公的讨论，而是借着“为了让Ubuntu成功”的名义越来越倾向于扼杀人们的不同意见。
矛盾积蓄久了终会爆发。经过长时间的公开质问，Ubuntu社区贡献者们的地位仍得不到肯定，2013年2月，许多人开始考虑退出社区（事实上，貌似只有一个人付诸行动）
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Bacon再一次平息了事态，在局外人看来，这几个月社区似乎重
Canonical是否曾经相信Ubuntu发行版能够盈利，这我们不得而知。当然，之前无数的教训已经警告了Canonical，为赚钱而生的发行版成功的几率有多渺茫。但是多年来在Ubuntu上付出的努力似乎表明Canonical希望——或者曾经希望——能将不可能变为可能。又或者，也许Canonical只是简单地将一个优秀发行版看作是其宏伟目标的踏脚石。
一方面，如今看来，在Unity上付出如此多的努力已经是一步错棋。直到今天，Canonical似乎仍然缺乏一个商业计划为其带来任何可以盈利的合理机会。
不管怎样，如今看来，在Unity上付出如此多的努力已经是一步错棋。直到今天，Canonical似乎仍然缺乏一个商业计划为其带来任何可以盈利的合理机会。
至于那些周边产品，诸如在线存储、音乐商店、或者Dash中的合作广告，这些努力可能有助于弥补开发Ubuntu所需的花销，但要说这些东西就能帮助Ubuntu盈利，没人会张这个嘴。而用在线会议代替实际会议，这只能说明一家公司正在寻找削减开支的手段，而不是盈利的方法。
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Canonical用了一年时间来[解决个人隐私问题][13]，但即使这样
其他方面，像[Ubuntu TV][14]，仍然没有成形。当然，Ubuntu的主战略看起来正向多样化多元素靠拢，但是尝试闯入一个饱和市场，其合理性仍然值得怀疑。Ubuntu Touch计划于10月份同13.10一起发布，但是如果有手机制造商要搭载预装产品，Canonical还将推迟发布日期。
更糟的是[Ubuntu Edge][15]投资人计划，该计划打算通过众筹基金打造一款时尚前卫的经典手机，如果能够成功，Canonical就可以在市场中为其建立一个小生态圈。
更糟的是[Ubuntu Edge][15]资金筹集计划，该计划打算通过众筹基金打造一款时尚前卫的经典手机，如果能够成功，Canonical就可以在市场中为其建立一个小生态圈。
然而，最终3200万美元的筹资目标只达到了四成，Canonical对此只能“强颜欢笑”，因为参与众筹的投资者们也确实为产品卖力的宣传了。但是这个结果意味着Canonical在潜在的商业伙伴眼中背上了失败者的名声，现实就是如此残酷。Ubuntu Edge的失败给Canonical的商业计划留下的是更多的不确定性，希望愈加渺茫。
@ -71,20 +71,18 @@ Canonical用了一年时间来[解决个人隐私问题][13]，但即使这样
如果问题依旧，即使再过一个9年，Canonical和Ubuntu也不会成功。Linux桌面那些早年的主要贡献者，他们甚至都没有对自己的代码有所创新，更不要提一般的自由软件了。长此以往，要么困惑要么绝望，都将会加速Ubuntu的没落。
如果不加以改革，Ubuntu和Canonical也许能改变之前失败者的印象，尽管Ubuntu Edge项目表明这种可能性并不大。但是，渐渐地，Canonical和Ubuntu已经开始失去他们多年来拥有的领袖地位。
即使不加以改革，Ubuntu和Canonical也有可能恢复之前的威望，虽然Ubuntu Edge项目表明这种可能性并不大。但是，渐渐地，Canonical和Ubuntu已经开始失去他们多年来拥有的领袖地位。
到底是扭转颓势，还是依靠不疼不痒的措施加速没落，这些都是未知数。接下来的这几年会很有趣，充满变数，让我们拭目以待！
---
via: http://www.datamation.com/open-source/are-we-witnessing-the-decline-of-ubuntu-1.html
本文由 [LCTT][] 原创翻译，[Linux中国][] 荣誉推出
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[Mr小眼儿][] 校对：[jasminepeng][ ]
译者：[tinyeyeser](https://github.com/tinyeyeser) 校对：[jasminepeng](https://github.com/jasminepeng)
[LCTT]:https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
[Linux中国]:http://linux.cn/portal.php
[Mr小眼儿]:http://github/tinyeyeser
[jasminepeng]:http://linux.cn/space/jasminepeng
[1]:http://www.canonical.com/content/canonical-and-chinese-standards-body-announce-ubuntu-collaboration
[2]:http://games.slashdot.org/story/13/02/14/2318247/valve-officially-launches-steam-for-linux

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Ubuntu联系人应用已支持增强的头像功能
==============================
为下一代Ubuntu设计的新一代软件们正在通过多方面的支持逐步的建立起来，包括了一套由第三方的程序员和Ubuntu程序员及设计者们一起开发出来的核心应用，以及他们开发出来的越来越多的官方应用。
在官方的开发出来的软件们中有一个联系人应用程序，它非常的容易上手，在漂亮的界面里面集成了联系人管理功能。有许多可以编辑的字段、 快速滚动条，此外列出来的项目还会提供一个有趣的相关联系的应用（正在研发中。）
[联系人应用][1]升级了另外一个附加的功能，就是我们[最近][2]介绍的新功能里，那个叫做联系人头像的功能。
在它的上一个版本中，用户可以通过联系人中心支持头像的选择，现在在主界面中也开始支持头像的显示了。
这个意思是，点击一个联系人，按下下方的`编辑`按钮来为这个联系人添加一个图片作为头像，来替代之前的单色图标，添加图片后，点击保存。之后回到主界面就能够看到之前添加的头像了，之前的单色图标就被我们替换成刚刚添加的图片。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/contacts%20app%20new%20image%20oct%2011.png)
此外，头像的四角修饰成了圆角，以美化联系人的显示。甚至在用户选择一个非正方形的图片时候会生成带圆角的缩略图。
此外，点击那些已经开启avatar的联系人。点开联系人，在看到用户的图片的地方，可以用新的图片替换掉旧 图片。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/contacts%20app%20enhanced%20avatar.png)
联系人应用已经[可以][3]在Ubuntu13.10的 Ubuntu软件中心中找到了，已经可以安装使用或测试了。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/contacts-app-updated-enhanced-avatar-support
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[FineFan](https://github.com/FineFan) 校对：[wxy](https://linux.cn/space/wxy)
[1]:https://launchpad.net/address-book-app
[2]:http://iloveubuntu.net/contacts-app-updated-avatar-editing-support
[3]:apt://address-book-app

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正在开发中基于GTK3的Twitter应用“Corebird”
================================================================================
正在开发中基于GTK3的新Twitter应用“Corebird”
===================================
Corebird是一个Twitter应用，它的界面让人想到了Twitter在OS X上的[官方应用](https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/twitter/id409789998?mt=12%27)。
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screen-Shot-2013-10-11-at-16.46.53.png)
Corebird是由一个Archlinux用户开发的，它具有GNOME 3.10的外观和功能集。
Corebird的界面使用GTK3开发，因此当你把它放在其他的GTK应用旁边时，Corebird会感觉在家一样。Corebird充分利用了最新版GNOME 3.10 release的新标题栏，这正是GNOME 3.10 release所强调的顶级功能。Corebird的标题栏展示了你的Twitter，头像，以及一个快速编写微博文章的按钮。这把本该是单独的工具栏整合为了一个紧凑，简洁的标题。
Corebird的界面使用GTK3开发，因此当你把它放在其他的GTK应用旁边时，Corebird和它们看起来非常协调。Corebird充分利用了最新版GNOME 3.10 release的新标题栏，这正是GNOME 3.10 release所强调的顶级功能。Corebird的标题栏展示了你的Twitter，头像，以及一个快速编写微博文章的按钮。这把本该是单独的工具栏整合为了一个紧凑，简洁的标题栏。
虽然Corebird的界面可能是为了GNOME 3.10而设计，但Corebird具备的功能是要让所有的Twitter用户之间交友，无论你是使用GNOME或是其他桌面环境。
虽然Corebird的界面可能是为了GNOME 3.10而设计，但Corebird具备的功能是要让所有的Twitter用户之间的联系，无论你是使用GNOME或是其他桌面环境。
## 功能 ##
Corebird在某些方面与Mac的官方Twitter应用相似（这当然是好事！），而且它有一套功能集来充分展现Twitter。转发，喜爱，收听，搜索，个人资料查看，会话，音视频上传，以及其他的一系列功能都可以正常使用。
###功能
Corebird在某些方面与Mac的官方Twitter应用相似（这当然是好事！），而且它有一套功能集来充分展现Twitter。转发，喜爱，收听，搜索，查看个人资料，会话，音视频上传，以及其他的一系列功能都可以正常使用。
如果你管理着几个帐号，多帐号设置也是支持的，但是要注意，在最新的版本中，重新打开Corebird后，你之前配置的账户都会被移除。
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/corebird_notification.jpg)
*GNOME锁屏时的Corebird提醒*
*GNOME锁屏的Corebird提醒*
在GNOME锁屏时，Corebird也会有提醒，当你回到电脑前，它会提示你有多少个Twitter提醒。
@ -25,14 +27,15 @@ Corebird在某些方面与Mac的官方Twitter应用相似（这当然是好事
Corebird有浅色的主题，也有深色的主题，这当然是为了让你晚上玩Twitter时眼睛更舒服。Corebird还有一些其他的设置选项，包括显示哪些提醒，是否显示微博内的音视频等，你可以在设定对话框中进行设置。
## 如何获取Corebird ##
###如何获取Corebird
如果你还在使用Ubuntu 13.04，非常不走运，Corebird使用了GNOME 3.10的新功能，因此Ubuntu 13.04并不支持。如果你把系统升级为13.10（下周将发布release版本），你就可以在Saucy（13.10的代号简称）的GNOME 3 PPA中体验GNOME 3.10了。
Corebird仍在开发当中，而且PPA也还没有（Corebird已经在[AUR][3]里建了仓库，Archlinux用户进去逛过就会知道），因此，你要使用Corebird就必须手动编译了。
这个项目给了那些开发逐渐慢下来的Linux Twitter应用一个希望的信号，例如，Birdie在今年的夏天没有达成它的[crowdfunding][4]目标。
这个项目给了那些开发逐渐慢下来的Linux Twitter应用一个希望的信号，例如，Birdie在今年的夏天就没有达成它的[crowdfunding目标][4]。
如果Corebird不是你的菜，去看看[gFeedline][5]，另一个基于GTK3的Twitter应用。
如果Corebird不是你的菜，也可以去看看[gFeedline][5]，另一个基于GTK3的Twitter应用。
Corebird的更多内容：http://corebird.baedert.org/
@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/corebird-twitter-app-gtk3-gnome
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[will.qian](https://github.com/willqian) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
译者：[will.qian](https://github.com/willqian) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
[1]:https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/twitter/id409789998?mt=12%27
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/09/10-best-features-gnome-3-10

8
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如何在Ubuntu 13.04和13.10上安装iOS 7的图标
================================================================================
==================================
**这个简单的教程将指导你如何在你的Ubuntu 12.04、13.04和13.10上安装苹果iOS 7操作系统的所有图标。**
![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/How-to-Install-the-iOS-7-Icons-in-Ubuntu-13-04-and-Ubuntu-13-10-387709-2.jpg)
上面是效果图，安装完的图标虽然看起来改变不大，但是对于审美观来讲却是重大提高，如果Canonical没有在每一个发行版中使用种类图标，那你将不会那么容易识别出Ubuntu，差异甚微。
上面是效果图，安装的图标虽然并不多，但是对于外观的改进来讲却是重大提高。如果Canonical没有在每一个发行版中使用差异甚小的同类图标，那你就不太容易分辨出Ubuntu。
以前在Ubuntu安装主题、图标甚至是鼠标光标，那叫一个麻烦，但是近几年这事变得容易多了。想要安装新的图标，只需要输入几条命令就行。
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
你会发现这个软件在Ubuntu下是以Tweak Tool命名的。
你会发现这个软件在Ubuntu下叫做Tweak Tool。
安装PPA，然后更新一下：
@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ Ubuntu 13.04、Ubuntu 13.10安iOS装图标：
享受你的新图标吧！
---
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-the-iOS-7-Icons-in-Ubuntu-13-04-and-Ubuntu-13-10-387709.shtml
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

23
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Mark Shuttleworth认为苹果5S使用了Ubuntu Edge终端融合的创意
=====================================================
Canonical公司的创始人Mark Shuttleworth通过这一有趣的说法将Ubuntu Egde智能手机与iPhone 5S联系了起来。
![img](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Mark-Shuttleworth-Thinks-Apple-Used-the-Ubuntu-Edge-Convergence-Idea-for-iPhone-5S-390507-2.jpg)
几个月前，Canonical和Mark Shuttleworth尝试筹资来推出一款手机，该手机被认为是手机中的“F1赛车”。虽然筹资失败了，但是他认为苹果已经从这款手机（Ubuntu Edge）的概念中获得了灵感。
“我认为Ubuntu Edge可能加速了终端融合的概念，你看苹果描述他们的新的CPU为‘桌面级’的，我认为这并不是偶然。”他在接受[ZDnet][1]采访时这么说。
Canonical公司的创始人可能有一些我们不能获得的内部消息，不过这也许只是一个有趣的猜测。
苹果是否会按照Canonical的Ubuntu Edge手机描绘的终端聚合方向发展还有待观察。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Mark-Shuttleworth-Thinks-Apple-Used-the-Ubuntu-Edge-Convergence-Idea-for-iPhone-5S-390507.shtml
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[SCUSJS](https://github.com/SCUSJS) 校对：[wxy](https://linux.cn/space/wxy)
[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/mark-shuttleworth-on-how-the-ubuntu-edge-dream-lives-on-in-the-iphone-7000021857/

28
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@ -1,31 +1,30 @@
Ubuntu 13.10评论：日趋完善，一个伟大的Linux桌面系统。
================================================================================
Ubuntu 13.10评论：日趋完善，一个伟大的Linux桌面系统
=============================================
***摘要**：Ubuntu 13.10也许并不是最激动人心的桌面Linux，但它却非常可靠，拥有许多有用的新特性。*
**摘要：Ubuntu 13.10也许并不是最激动人心的桌面Linux，但它却非常可靠，拥有许多有用的新特性。**
许多桌面发烧友至今仍然对Ubuntu转用Unity耿耿于怀，另外有些人不喜欢[Ubuntu][2]的母公司[Canonical][1]一意孤行，用Mir代替更主流的Wayland，还有些人不喜欢Ubuntu将本地搜索与Web搜索合并在一起。我想说，那又怎样！
![](http://cdn-static.zdnet.com/i/r/story/70/00/021825/ubuntu-1310-saucy-salamander-620x349.jpg)
*Ubuntu 13.10下周发布，本文只是预热。*
*Ubuntu 13.10即将发布，本文只是预热。*
让我来告诉你们，什么是事实！回首2011年4月，Ubuntu的创始人Mark Shuttleworth曾经说过，Ubuntu新的发展方向是，“为普通消费者带来[快乐、自由、创新、性能和安全，而这些正是Linux平台中一直所缺少的东西][3]”。如今，他做到了！
Ubuntu 13.10，代号“俏皮的蝾螈(Saucy Salamander)”，已经进入发布前的最后阶段。的确，Ubuntu也许不是那些每天热衷于编译内核代码的Linux专家们所喜爱的桌面Linux，因为它本就不是为那些人准备的。
Ubuntu是一个所有人，甚至包括我那81岁的老岳母，都能使用的Linux桌面操作系统。基于这个角度，Ubuntu已经成功了，而下周最终发布的新版本，对于那些仅仅只是想学习使用一台电脑的新人来说，其意义绝不亚于一场胜利。
Ubuntu是一个所有人，甚至[包括我那81岁的老岳母][3-1]，都能使用的Linux桌面操作系统。基于这个角度，Ubuntu已经成功了，而下周最终发布的新版本，对于那些仅仅只是想学习使用一台电脑的新人来说，其意义绝不亚于一场胜利。
为了目睹新版的Ubuntu是如何做到这一点的，我在两套系统上分别安装运行了beta版和发布版。第一套测试环境是我2007年产的Dell Inspiron 530S，搭载2.2GHz Intel奔腾 E2200双核处理器、4G内存、500GSATA串口硬盘，集成Intel 3100GMA显示芯片组。第二套测试环境是2008年入手的Gateway DX4710，搭载2.5GHz Intel酷睿2四核处理器，6G内存，1T串口硬盘，同样集成了Intel GMA 3100显卡。
为了目睹新版的Ubuntu是如何做到这一点的，我在两套系统上分别安装运行了beta版和RC版。第一套测试环境是我2007年产的Dell Inspiron 530S，搭载2.2GHz Intel奔腾 E2200双核处理器、4G内存、500GSATA串口硬盘，集成Intel 3100GMA显示芯片组。第二套测试环境是2008年入手的Gateway DX4710，搭载2.5GHz Intel酷睿2四核处理器，6G内存，1T串口硬盘，同样集成了Intel GMA 3100显卡。
安装过程小菜一碟。首先说明一下，我并没有尝试在有Windows 8 Secure Boot锁定的系统上安装Ubuntu，如果你想尝试的话，这里有[如何安装Ubuntu与Win8双系统的教程][4]，如果是其他使用统一可扩展固件接口(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface - UEFI)的系统，也可以看下这个教程。
安装过程中有个出色的新特性，就是安装的同时你可以登录并打开[Ubuntu One][5]的云端服务账户。Ubuntu One是一款类似Dropbox的存储服务，提供5G免费空间，[商业版费用为39.95美刀][6]，提供20G空间和音乐流媒体支持。该服务除了完美集成在Ubuntu系统中，你也可以在Windows、Mac OS、Android和IOS系统中使用它。
安装过程中有个不错的新功能，就是安装的同时你可以登录或创建一个免费[Ubuntu One][5]的云端服务账户。Ubuntu One是一款类似Dropbox的存储服务，提供5G免费空间，[商业版费用为39.95美刀][6]，提供20G空间和音乐流媒体支持。该服务除了完美集成在Ubuntu系统中，你也可以在Windows、Mac OS、Android和IOS系统中使用它。
首先，安装完成后，我注意到的第一件事是，在我这两台老电脑上，Ubuntu 13.10运行非常流畅，就像在顶级配置的电脑上运行一样。（译者表示，这样的配置竟然还叫老电脑，让译者的1G内存情何以堪，你们有考虑过老闪龙的感受吗！）如果你的机子比我的还老，跑Windows 7以上的系统都嫌慢，并且比较在意即将结束的XP官方支持，可以考虑一下Ubuntu，或者其他易于上手的Linux发行版，比如Mint。
再来看看核心部分。首先，“俏皮的蝾螈”运行[Linux 3.11 内核][7]。
在此基础上，再看看图形架构，本来大家预测的是Mir，但是PC上的Mir暂时还没有准备好迎来它的黄金时期。内有Ubuntu家族中诸如[Kubuntu][8]的反对，[外有Intel的抵制][9]，Mir需要同时面对“内忧外患”。
在此基础上，再看看显示引擎，本来大家预测的是Mir，但是PC上的Mir暂时还没有准备好迎来它的黄金时期。内有Ubuntu家族中诸如[Kubuntu][8]的反对，[外有Intel的抵制][9]，Mir需要同时面对“内忧外患”。
最后的结果就是13.10将仍然默认使用老旧的Xorg-server 1.4.3。如果你富有冒险精神，可以选择尝试一下Mir。如果你想要在智能手机上运行Ubuntu，也就是传说中的[Ubuntu Touch，恰好，你就可以用到Mir][10]。
@ -35,12 +34,16 @@ Ubuntu是一个所有人，甚至包括我那81岁的老岳母，都能使用的
如果确实不习惯Unity，你也可以方便地在安装时去掉它。或者，你也可以使用其他[Ubuntu家族的Linux发行版][12]，例如面向KDE用户的Kubuntu，Cinnamon粉丝喜欢的Mint，又或者专门针对LXDE爱好者的[Lubuntu][13]。搭载Unity的Ubuntu主要为新手用户提供，你完全可以挑选你喜欢的任一款Ubuntu桌面系统。
在新版Ubuntu的软件包最终敲定之前，人们都以为它会选用Google浏览器Chrome的开源版本Chromium。但是最终，它还是选择了Firefox 24作为默认浏览器。
在新版Ubuntu的软件包最终敲定之前，人们都以为它会选用Google的Chrome浏览器的开源版本Chromium。但是最终，它还是选择了Firefox 24作为默认浏览器。
![img](http://cdn-static.zdnet.com/i/r/story/70/00/021826/08ubuntu1310-620x.png?hash=ZJDlAzAyMG)
其他应用程序都将是Ubuntu或Linux桌面用户熟悉的面孔。办公套件为LibreOffice 4.12；邮件客户端为Thunderbird 24；照片编辑有Gimp 2.8.6，默认的音乐播放器为Rhythmbox 2.99.1。
对新用户来说，最值得一提的新特性将是[Smart Scopes][14](之前叫做Lens)。Lens最初被提出来的时候，其功能只是根据本地Unity Dash的搜索结果对Amazon的搜索结果进行整合。原本是作为默认功能的，但最终该特性被改为了可选。
![img](http://cdn-static.zdnet.com/i/r/story/70/00/021826/05ubuntu1310-620x.png?hash=ZmN2LJMwLG)
在Ubuntu 13.10中，当你使用Unity Dash搜索时，不但可以使用Amazon，还可以选择Facebook、Google、Yelp以及其他多个在线Web页面。
它是如何工作的呢？当你在Unity Dash中输入一个搜索条目时，Ubuntu会尝试猜测最佳匹配项。例如，如果我搜索“最炫民族风”，它除了在我的电脑中搜索，还会在Web的音乐分类下进行搜索。
@ -78,11 +81,12 @@ via: http://www.zdnet.com/ubuntu-13-10-review-a-great-linux-desktop-gets-better-
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[小眼儿](https://github.com/tinyeyeser) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
译者：[小眼儿](https://github.com/tinyeyeser) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
[1]:http://www.canonical.com/
[2]:http://www.ubuntu.com/
[3]:http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/671
[3-1]:http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/if-my-mother-in-law-can-use-ubuntu-linux-anyone-can/10802
[4]:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI
[5]:https://one.ubuntu.com/
[6]:https://one.ubuntu.com/services
@ -97,4 +101,4 @@ via: http://www.zdnet.com/ubuntu-13-10-review-a-great-linux-desktop-gets-better-
[15]:http://www.wikipedia.org/
[16]:http://www.wordnik.com/
[17]:http://www.zotero.org/
[18]:http://releases.ubuntu.com/saucy
[18]:http://releases.ubuntu.com/saucy

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A Pentesting Release for the Raspberry Pi
================================================================================
**The Raspberry Pi** is a credit-card-sized single-board computer developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools. The Raspberry Pi is manufactured through licensed manufacturing deals with **Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components** and **Egoman**. All of these companies sell the Raspberry Pi online. Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red coloring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers. (wikipedia)
Pwnie Express team has announced the initial release of Raspberry Pwn which can be used to turn your raspberry pi into a full-featured security penetration testing and auditing platform. This release of Raspberry Pwn and includes all the tool needed to perform a penetration testing. So, doing penetration testing from your raspberry pi, how does that make you feel? Sqlmap, nmap, wireshark, scapy, nikto, xprobe, socat, do you want more tools for pentesting your network?
Raspberry Pwn comes with the following tools:
- nmap
- dsniff
- netcat
- nikto
- xprobe
- scapy
- wireshark
- tcpdump
- ettercap
- hping3
- medusa
- macchanger
- nbtscan
- john
- ptunnel
- p0f
- ngrep
- tcpflow
- openvpn
- iodine
- httptunnel
- cryptcat
- sipsak
- yersinia
- smbclient
- sslsniff
- tcptraceroute
- pbnj
- netdiscover
- netmask
- udptunnel
- dnstracer
- sslscan
- medusa
- ipcalc
- dnswalk
- socat
- onesixtyone
- tinyproxy
- dmitry
- fcrackzip
- ssldump
- fping
- ike-scan
- gpsd
- darkstat
- swaks
- arping
- tcpreplay
- sipcrack
- proxychains
- proxytunnel
- siege
- sqlmap
- wapiti
- skipfish
- w3af
Let us me give you a short description of the above tools. I am not gonna explain everything. Just want to explain a two or three tools. A simple Google search will help you to find the details of the remaining tools.
**Nmap**
Nmap is a free and open-source tool for network discovery, helping us to map the network. Network administrators find it very useful in their daily job, so if you are planning to be a network administrator you should learn how to use Nmap. Nmap can help us to discover how many hosts are in a network, what operating systems are they running, what open ports do they have and services running in these open ports. It is a command line tool but for those that do not like to remember many commands there is a graphical version of Nmap that is called Zenmap. Both Nmap and Zenmap are multi-platform (Linux, Windows, Mac OS, BSD, etc.), so you do not have to worry about the operating system you need in order to use these tools. Nmap has the ability to save scan results to files and we can use these files for later analyzes. The great thing that I like about Nmap is its scripting engine (NSE). We can write our own scripts and use them with Nmap. See more at: [http://www.unixmen.com/scan-your-home-network-with-nmap/][1]
**Netcat**
Netcat is a command-line networking tool which is able to read and write data across Transmission Control Protocol TCP and User Datagram Protocol. Originally coded for Unix, it was released in 1996 and has been ported to a number of operating systems and facts tell that it still stays strong in the game. It has been 17 years and netcat belongs in every network admin/security professional’s toolbox. People say “old is gold” and in my opinion this is true when it comes to netcat. Virtually, you can use netcat for everything and your imagination is the limit. Depending on what your intentions are you can use it for good or you can use it for bad. Netcat operates as a client and as a server. Even if there are few exceptions, netcat’s command options are the same for both Windows and Linux and this makes netcat a more powerful tool. In the next article you will be introduced to netcat command options and will learn how perform some basic operations with netcat. – See more at: [http://www.unixmen.com/short-introduction-to-netcat][2]
**Sqlmap**
If you need a tool to exploit sql injection flaws in your web application or taking over database servers, sqlmap is the right one. Sqlmap is a tool used by penetration testers all over the world and it is full of feaures. Some of its features are:
- Full support for MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, IBM DB2, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase and SAP MaxDB database management systems.
- Full support for six SQL injection techniques: boolean-based blind, time-based blind, error-based, UNION query, stacked queries and out-of-band.
- Support to directly connect to the database without passing via a SQL injection, by providing DBMS credentials, IP address, port and database name.
- Support to enumerate users, password hashes, privileges, roles, databases, tables and columns.
- Automatic recognition of password hash formats and support for cracking them using a dictionary-based attack.
- Support to dump database tables entirely, a range of entries or specific columns as per user’s choice. The user can also choose to dump only a range of characters from each column’s entry.
- Support to search for specific database names, specific tables across all databases or specific columns across all databases’ tables.
**Medusa**
Do you need a login brute-forcer? Medusa was developed on Gentoo Linux and FreeBSD for bruteforcing network services. Medusa works with FTP, HTTP, IMAP, MS-SQL, MySQL, NCP (NetWare), NNTP, PcAnywhere, POP3, PostgreSQL,rexec, rlogin, rsh, SMB, SMTP (AUTH/VRFY), SNMP, SSHv2, SVN and many other services. You can read more about Medusa here.
As you can see there are all tools you need for penetration testing in this release of Raspberry Pwn. Do you have a pi? Then go and turn it into a pentester machine.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.unixmen.com/pentesting-release-raspberry-pi/
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/scan-your-home-network-with-nmap/
[2]:http://www.unixmen.com/short-introduction-to-netcat/

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sources/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Restore Your Machine To A Previous State.md Normal file
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Daily Ubuntu Tips – Restore Your Machine To A Previous State
================================================================================
When you compare Windows and Ubuntu, you’ll see that Windows has many advantages over Ubuntu and maybe Ubuntu has few over Windows as well. But one feature that stands out is the ability to restore your machine to a previous state. Windows has had this feature going back to Windows XP and worked great at times and can save your a lot of time when you need to fix issues.
Ubuntu on the other hand don’t have it. You can’t just restore your machine to a previous state in Ubuntu. You may be able to restore individual files and folders but not the entire machine like what Windows does.
Well, thanks to [TimeShift][1], you may just be able to restore your entire Ubuntu machine to a previous state like Windows. TimeShift may not give you all the benefits that you get in Windows, but it’s a step closer.
TimeShift is a open source application that provides the same function as Windows Restore in Windows or Time Machine in Mac OS X. It takes snapshots of you system at scheduled time that can be restore in the event you need to undo changes that were made after a snapshot.
To install TimeShift in Ubuntu, run the command below to add its PPA archive.
sudo apt-add-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
Next, run the commands below to update your system as well as install TimeShift.
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install timeshift
After installing it, go to Unity Dash and search for TimeShift. Next launch it and set your preferred settings. When it first launch it may take few minutes scanning your machine for available space and files to backup.
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/timeshiftubuntu.png)
If you like the default settings, you can keep. To perform immediate backup, click the Backup button at on the menu. You’ll use the same apps to restore your machine in the event you need to.
Enjoy!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/10/daily-ubuntu-tips-restore-machine-previous-state/
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译者：[Timeszoro](https://github.com/Timeszoro) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:http://teejeetech.blogspot.com/2013/10/introducing-timeshift.html
[2]:
[3]:
[4]:
[5]:
[6]:
[7]:
[8]:
[9]:
[10]:

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sources/Debian 7.2 Wheez Officially Released.md
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【SCUSJS翻译中】Debian 7.2 "Wheezy" Officially Released
================================================================================
**The Debian project announced the immediate availability for download of the second maintenance release of the Debian 7 Linux operating system.**
![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Debian-7-2-quot-Wheezy-quot-Officially-Released-390694-3.png)
Debian 7.2 is just a maintenance update, but it does feature a wide array of updates and fixes for the current stable branch and a lot of packages have been upgraded.
“Please note that this update does not constitute a new version of Debian 7 but only updates some of the packages included. There is no need to throw away older wheezy CDs or DVDs but only to update via an up-to-date Debian mirror after an installation, to cause any out of date packages to be updated,” reads the official announcement.
This means that users who already have a Debian 7.0 or 7.1 installation won't have to reinstall the system all over again. They just need to perform a regular update, as only a small number of packages will be downloaded from security.debian.org.
Check out the complete changelog in the official [announcement][1].
**Debian GNU/Linux 7.1.0: Free Download**
- [Debian GNU/Linux 7.1.0 (ISO) 32-bit[iso]][2] [3.70 GB]
- [Debian GNU/Linux 7.1.0 (ISO) 64-bit[iso]][3] [3.80 GB]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Debian-7-2-quot-Wheezy-quot-Officially-Released-390694.shtml
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:http://www.debian.org/News/2013/20131012
[2]:http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/7.1.0/i386/iso-dvd/debian-7.1.0-i386-DVD-1.iso
[3]:http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/7.1.0/amd64/iso-dvd/debian-7.1.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso

44
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翻译中ByLuox.....^0^......
Excellent Music Player Clementine 1.2 Released on Multiple Platforms
================================================================================
**Clementine 1.2, a multiplatform music player inspired by Amarok 1.4, focusing on a fast and easy-to-use interface for searching and playing your music, has been released and it features some pretty interesting new features.**
![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Excellent-Music-Player-Clementine-1-2-Released-on-Multiple-Platforms-391342-2.png)
Clementine is an excellent media player, and it has been adopted in a lot of new distributions. It's extremely stable and it's made for people who don't actually like the new direction taken by the current generation of music players.
“This release is compatible with the Clementine Remote application for Android which lets you control Clementine remotely from an Android device.”
“Clementine also adds support for Subsonic. And you can now listen to your music stored in Box, Dropbox, Skydrive and Ubuntu One. Last major new feature is the ability to "star" your playlists, so you can safely close them and restore them later from the new "Playlist" tab we've added in the left sidebar,” reads the [announcement][1].
A complete list of changes and new features can be found in the official [announcement][2].
**Download Clementine 1.2**
- [tar.gz][3][sources] [9.30 MB]
- [Ubuntu 13.04 DEB i386][4][ubuntu_deb] [7.10 MB]
- [Ubuntu 13.04 DEB amd64][5][ubuntu_deb] [7.30 MB]
- [Fedora 19 RPM i686][6][fedora_rpm] [5.30 MB]
- [Fedora 19 RPM x86_64][7][fedora_rpm] [5.30 MB]
- [Ubuntu 11.04/Ubuntu 10.10/Ubuntu 10.04 DEB ALL][8][ubuntu_deb] [0 KB]
- [Fedora 16 RPM noarch][9][fedora_rpm] [0 KB]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Excellent-Music-Player-Clementine-1-2-Released-on-Multiple-Platforms-391342.shtml
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[1]:http://code.google.com/p/clementine-player/source/browse/Changelog?name=release-1.2
[2]:http://www.clementine-player.org/
[3]:https://clementine-player.googlecode.com/files/clementine-1.2.0.tar.gz
[4]:https://clementine-player.googlecode.com/files/clementine_1.2.0%7Eraring_i386.deb
[5]:https://clementine-player.googlecode.com/files/clementine_1.2.0%7Eraring_amd64.deb
[6]:https://clementine-player.googlecode.com/files/clementine-1.2.0-1.fc19.i686.rpm
[7]:https://clementine-player.googlecode.com/files/clementine-1.2.0-1.fc19.x86_64.rpm
[8]:http://code.google.com/p/clementine-player/downloads/list
[9]:http://code.google.com/p/clementine-player/downloads/list

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FreeBSD 10.0 Beta 1 Available for Download and Testing
================================================================================
**FreeBSD 10.0 Beta 1, an operating system for x86, ARM, IA-64, PowerPC, PC-98, and UltraSPARC architectures, has been released and it's now available for download and testing.**
![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/FreeBSD-10-0-Beta-1-Available-for-Download-and-Testing-391246-2.png)
The FreeBSD developers are moving with an incredible speed and are releasing one version after another. The new Beta has arrived after no less than five Alpha versions, but not without any problems.
“Due to a last minute problem found in the 10.0-BETA1 freebsd-update(8) builds, freebsd-update(8) is NOT supported for 10.0-BETA1 upgrades. Please do not use freebsd-update(8) to upgrade to 10.0-BETA1. Please be aware that cvsup and CVS are not supported methods of updating the src/ tree,” reads the official [announcement][1].
Also, according to the developers, the ports.txz distribution hasn't been included in the 10.0 Beta 1 release, however, it is expected to be included with disc1.iso for subsequent builds during the release cycle.
Highlights of FreeBSD 10.0 Beta 1:
- freebsd-version, which is intended to be used as an auditing tool, has been implemented. This is a very important tool if you want to determine the userland patch level when it differs from what 'uname -r' reports;
- The ZFS lzjb decompress performance has been improved;
- Two new MIPS CPU families, mips24k and mips74k, have been added;
- The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked, so the new jail.conf(5) syntax is used;
- Most of the ATF tools and the _atf user have been removed;
Users have been encouraged to test the distribution and report any problems they find. The official [changelog][1] comes with a complete list of fixes and modifications. Download FreeBSD 10.0 Beta 1 right now from Softpedia.
Remember that this is a development release and it should NOT be installed on production machines. It is intended to be used for testing purposes only.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/FreeBSD-10-0-Beta-1-Available-for-Download-and-Testing-391246.shtml
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[1]:http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2013-October/045524.html

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GNOME Software 3.10.1 Fixes Bugs and Adds New Features
================================================================================
**The GNOME Project has announced last evening, October 14, that the first maintenance release for the recently introduced GNOME Software application for the GNOME 3.10 desktop environment is available for download/upgrade.**
![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/GNOME-Software-3-10-1-Fixes-Bugs-and-Adds-New-Features-391284-2.jpg)
GNOME Software 3.10.1 is a maintenance release that mostly fixes bugs reported by users who had the chance to test this new application, which was originally introduced with the release of the GNOME 3.10 desktop environment.
However, the new release of GNOME Software also introduces some new features, among which we can mention a loading icon for empty tiles, support for the new 16:9 screenshots format, support for per-repo icon directories, support the 'X-AppInstall-Package' extension in desktop files, and the IBus frameworks installed by default are marked as system apps.
The hardcoded ratings and screenshot plugins were removed from this version of GNOME Software, with the mention that they will not be available until the release of the GNOME 3.12 desktop environment, next year.
Among the bugs fixed in GNOME Software 3.10.1, we can mention re-implementation of the hover state to feature tile, strings in the AppData file are now translatable, memory corruption is now prevented when doing dedupe() more than once, notify::state is no longer transmitted from a thread, and the "Remove" option is now displayed for installed apps that are updatable.
Moreover, a critical error has been fixed in gs_string_replace(), some small memory leaks were fixed, a refcounting error, which could cause a crash, has been fixed, the application widget will no longer be removed twice when it changes state, and local applications have names, icons and comments.
Last but not least, the following translations have been updated in this release: Indonesian, Latvian, Brazilian Portuguese, Czech, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Slovenian, Spanish, and Traditional Chinese. More details can be found in the official raw [changelog][1].
- [GNOME 3.10.1 tar.xz][2][sources] [1.40 MB]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/GNOME-Software-3-10-1-Fixes-Bugs-and-Adds-New-Features-391284.shtml
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[1]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-software/3.10/gnome-software-3.10.1.news
[2]:http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-software/3.10/gnome-software-3.10.1.tar.xz

2
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coolpigs is translating this article
Installing a Desktop Algorithmic Trading Research Environment using Ubuntu Linux and Python
================================================================================
In this article I want to discuss how to set up a robust, efficient and interactive development environment for algorithmic trading strategy research making use of Ubuntu Desktop Linux and the Python programming language. We will utilise this environment for nearly all subsequent algorithmic trading articles.

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KDE vs GNOME: Settings, Apps, Widgets
=====================================
When it comes to desktop environments, choosing the one that's right for you can be a deeply personal matter. In this article, I'll look into the differences between two of the most popular Linux desktop environments – Gnome and KDE. I’ll explore what each desktop environment offers, comparing their strengths and weaknesses.
###Initial impressions
Upon first encountering the desktop, one can argue that KDE looks more polished than Gnome, and offers a more tech-friendly appearance. Additionally, if you are used to a Windows environment, KDE will feel much more familiar, thanks to the menu and button layout at the bottom of your screen. You can easily locate the K menu, launch programs and find documents with just a few clicks of your mouse.
Another important and familiar benefit with KDE is the easy to use minimize and close buttons with each open document, picture or application. To someone coming from another platform, features this basic might be taken for granted. But considering desktops like Gnome don't offer a true minimize option any longer, it's worth giving KDE props here.
Loading up Gnome 3 for the first time, the desktop might be perceived as a very alien experience if you're coming from another platform. Like classic Gnome, your access to docs and tools are not located at the bottom of your screen. Even stranger for some newbies, the method for closing open windows is – to be kind – "different." In defense of Gnome 3, however, I've found it to be quite a pleasant experience once you get used to this new way of doing things. And the new users I know who have tested Gnome 3 generally felt the same way.
###Widgets and extensions
The divide between the two desktop environments continues to broaden as we dive into the extensions and widgets provided for Gnome and KDE. While both desktops provide additions you can run to further enhance your desktop experience, the lines between them become different in how the desktops handle extended functionality.
KDE takes an interesting approach in that you can group widgets into what are called "Activities." The idea is you can have one Activity with a set number of desktop widgets, that help with specific work-flows.
By contrast, Gnome defines activities with a different approach. Instead of being widget-centric, Gnome makes its Activities more task- and application-based. For example, if I was using multiple apps, switching to the Gnome Activities overview allows you to gain a visualization and immediate access to each task.
###Settings for your desktop
While Gnome has gotten better about providing adequate settings controls from a GUI, KDE remains the reigning king in this space.
With KDE, you can find settings to control nearly every aspect of your desktop experience. Some Linux distributions, such as [OpenSUSE][1], go ever further by tightly integrating their own tools ([YaST][2]) into the KDE settings experience.
With the updates to the Gnome desktop since Gnome 3, I've found the biggest areas where I see KDE offering greater functionality is with ease of access to settings. Gnome tends to put application specific settings into an easy to find area of each application.
But KDE tends to offer greater granular control with their applications. One of my favorite examples is [Kontact][3] vs [Evolution][4]. Both are powerful PIMs for Gnome and KDE. But the difference is that Kontact is a suite of applications bundled with a suite of controls for each app, while Evolution is a single application with limited control. The same can be said of [AmaroK][5] vs [Rhythmbox][6], among other desktop-specific titles.
###File management
When it comes to finding the right file manager for your desktop, both Gnome and KDE do the work for you by providing their own defaults. [Nautilus][7] is the default file manager for Gnome where KDE, offers up [Dolphin][8] as its main offering.
When it comes to desktop environments, choosing the one that's right for you can be a deeply personal matter. In this article, I'll look into the differences between two of the most popular Linux desktop environments – Gnome and KDE. I’ll explore what each desktop environment offers, comparing their strengths and weaknesses.
###Initial impressions
Upon first encountering the desktop, one can argue that KDE looks more polished than Gnome, and offers a more tech-friendly appearance. Additionally, if you are used to a Windows environment, KDE will feel much more familiar, thanks to the menu and button layout at the bottom of your screen. You can easily locate the K menu, launch programs and find documents with just a few clicks of your mouse.
Another important and familiar benefit with KDE is the easy to use minimize and close buttons with each open document, picture or application. To someone coming from another platform, features this basic might be taken for granted. But considering desktops like Gnome don't offer a true minimize option any longer, it's worth giving KDE props here.
Loading up Gnome 3 for the first time, the desktop might be perceived as a very alien experience if you're coming from another platform. Like classic Gnome, your access to docs and tools are not located at the bottom of your screen. Even stranger for some newbies, the method for closing open windows is – to be kind – "different." In defense of Gnome 3, however, I've found it to be quite a pleasant experience once you get used to this new way of doing things. And the new users I know who have tested Gnome 3 generally felt the same way.
Widgets and extensions
The divide between the two desktop environments continues to broaden as we dive into the extensions and widgets provided for Gnome and KDE. While both desktops provide additions you can run to further enhance your desktop experience, the lines between them become different in how the desktops handle extended functionality.
KDE takes an interesting approach in that you can group widgets into what are called "Activities." The idea is you can have one Activity with a set number of desktop widgets, that help with specific work-flows.
By contrast, Gnome defines activities with a different approach. Instead of being widget-centric, Gnome makes its Activities more task- and application-based. For example, if I was using multiple apps, switching to the Gnome Activities overview allows you to gain a visualization and immediate access to each task.
Settings for your desktop
While Gnome has gotten better about providing adequate settings controls from a GUI, KDE remains the reigning king in this space.
With KDE, you can find settings to control nearly every aspect of your desktop experience. Some Linux distributions, such as OpenSUSE, go ever further by tightly integrating their own tools (YaST) into the KDE settings experience.
With the updates to the Gnome desktop since Gnome 3, I've found the biggest areas where I see KDE offering greater functionality is with ease of access to settings. Gnome tends to put application specific settings into an easy to find area of each application.
But KDE tends to offer greater granular control with their applications. One of my favorite examples is Kontact vs Evolution. Both are powerful PIMs for Gnome and KDE. But the difference is that Kontact is a suite of applications bundled with a suite of controls for each app, while Evolution is a single application with limited control. The same can be said of AmaroK vs Rhythmbox, among other desktop-specific titles.
File management
When it comes to finding the right file manager for your desktop, both Gnome and KDE do the work for you by providing their own defaults. Nautilus is the default file manager for Gnome where KDE, offers up Dolphin as its main offering.
Out of the box, I've found Nautilus offers Gnome users a polished, easy to use file management tool that won't overwhelm new Linux users. Flashing over to KDE, however, Dolphin is a highly configurable and not newbie friendly file management solution for those who want tons of control.
Simply looking at the sidebar for each file manager, you'll notice that Nautilus offers up the most straight forward approach to navigation. KDE's Dolphin, however, goes further with features like dates for files last used, and other related options.
If you're an advanced Linux user, you'll likely find yourself gravitating to Dolphin as it offers the most options and control. For those of us who simply want to navigate files without tons of "stuff", Nautilus wins in terms of simplicity.
###Desktop applications
One area that causes some disagreement among Linux enthusiasts is the claim that one desktop offers better default applications than the other. That said, this is certainly the case with Gnome vs KDE.
My findings in this area are that in many areas, Gnome wins without even trying that hard. For example: GIMP, Evince, and Pidgin are all applications that are simply less of a headache to rely on than their KDE counterparts. Kmail is another app that, in my opinion, gives new KDE users a bad taste in their mouths. Apps like this are overly complex and in general, abysmal to use.
On the flip side, there are some worthwhile exceptions in favor of KDE. [Calligra][9] vs [AbiWord][10] is an easy win for KDE, since [LibreOffice][11] isn't "truly" a Gnome specific option. Just because it's often the default suite for many Linux distributions doesn't make it the desktop environment default.
In the end, one of the wonders of Linux is that you can install GTK or Qt libraries and enjoy the benefits of the apps that best meet with your needs. For myself, I've found the Gnome application defaults to be the clear winner in most instances.
Final thoughts
If I ever found myself trapped on an island with only one desktop environment made available to me, it'd have to be Gnome. Even though I enjoy some aspects of KDE more than Gnome, overall I find Gnome is less work to keep up. Too often I’ve found KDE experiencing a messed up configuration or, worse: weird alerts claiming my sound card has disappeared. Under Gnome, I experience none of these problems.
Because I value my time and my sanity, I'll continue to recommend Gnome over KDE; while suggesting some KDE apps when appropriate. To anyone who claims that KDE is easier to use – I'd like to point out that for me, simply learning Gnome's approach to doing things has offered me greater stability in the long run.
Photo courtesy of [Shutterstock][12].
---
via: http://www.datamation.com/open-source/kde-vs-gnome-settings-apps-widgets-2.html
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:http://www.opensuse.org/en/
[2]:http://en.opensuse.org/YaST_Software_Management
[3]:http://userbase.kde.org/Kontact
[4]:https://projects.gnome.org/evolution/
[5]:http://amarok.kde.org/
[6]:https://projects.gnome.org/rhythmbox/
[7]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautilus_%28file_manager%29
[8]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphin_%28file_manager%29
[9]:http://www.calligra-suite.org/
[10]:http://www.abisource.com/
[11]:http://www.libreoffice.org/
[12]:http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-137314787/stock-photo-information-concept-golden-gears-on-digital-background-d-render.html

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will.qian is translating this article.
Linux RNG May Be Insecure After All
================================================================================
> As a followup to Linus's [opinion people skeptical of the Linux random number generator][1], a new paper [analyzes the robustness of /dev/urandom and /dev/random][2] . From the paper: 'From a practical side, we also give a precise assessment of the security of the two Linux PRNGs, /dev/random and /dev/urandom. In particular, we show several attacks proving that these PRNGs are not robust according to our definition, and do not accumulate entropy properly. These attacks are due to the vulnerabilities of the entropy estimator and the internal mixing function of the Linux PRNGs. These attacks against the Linux PRNG show that it does not satisfy the "robustness" notion of security, but it remains unclear if these attacks lead to actual exploitable vulnerabilities in practice.'
Of course, you [might not even be able to trust hardware RNGs][3]. Rather than simply proving that the Linux PRNGs are not robust thanks to their run-time entropy estimator, the authors provide a new property for proving the robustness of the entropy accumulation stage of a PRNG, and offer an alternative PRNG model and proof that is both robust and more efficient than the current Linux PRNGs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:http://linux.slashdot.org/story/13/09/10/1311247/linus-responds-to-rdrand-petition-with-scorn
[2]:http://eprint.iacr.org/2013/338.pdf
[3]:http://slashdot.org/story/13/09/13/1228216/stealthy-dopant-level-hardware-trojans

35
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Linux Top 3: RHEL 6.5, Debian 7.2 and EOL for Linux 3.0.x
================================================================================
**Linux 3.0.100 Released**
Though it might seem like Linux 3.0 was released just yesterday, the truth is that it was [released back in July of 2011][1].
Since then some 100 milestone update have been released fixing bugs and providing some security updates. The Linux 3.0.x kernel had been selected as a Long Term Support kernel, meaning that it is maintained for up to two years.
In August of this year, Linux kernel developer, Greg Kroah-Hartman [declared][2] that the 3.10 Linux kernel would be a longterm support release. That release now supersedes the longterm 3.0.x kernel
"Linux stable kernel 3.0.100 is now released, please move to 3.4.x or 3.10.x as this might be the last release of 3.0.x," Kroah-Hartman wrote on October 13th.
**Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5 Beta**
Barely a week after Red Hat released Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.10, the Linux vendor is now out with a beta release for its next generation platform.
RHEL 6.5 beta provides support for the precision timing protocol, as an improvement of the traditional network timing protocol (NTP). Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is important to users who require sub-microsecond time stamping of transactions.
**Debian 7.2**
Debian is also out with an update. The Debian 7.2 update is the second since Debian 7.x aka Wheezy was released earlier this year.
"This update mainly adds corrections for security problems to the stable release, along with a few adjustments for serious problems," The Debian project [stated][3]. "Security advisories were already published separately and are referenced where available. Please note that this update does not constitute a new version of Debian 7 but only updates some of the packages included."
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:http://www.datamation.com/open-source/linux-3.0-debuts-with-xen-integration.html
[2]:http://www.eweek.com/developer/linux-3.10-goes-long-term-why-it-matters-for-the-enterprise-consumers/
[3]:http://www.debian.org/News/2013/20131012

3
sources/Mark Shuttleworth to attend and conduct keynote at OpenStack Summit in Hong Kong, November 5th - 8th 2013.md
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翻译认领Vic020
Mark Shuttleworth to attend and conduct keynote at OpenStack Summit in Hong Kong, November 5th - 8th 2013
================================================================================
By analyzing [Canonical][1], the inquirer is to observe several attributes, among which vision, bold goals and according-to actions, attributes that have gradually positioned Canonical at the top of the computing world, where it is leading a significant portion of innovation spanning across all relevant form factors and computing environments.

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Metal Backup and Recovery Is Now Possible with Debian-Based Clonezilla Live 2.2.0-13
================================================================================
Clonezilla Live 2.2.0-13, a Linux distribution based on DRBL, Partclone, and udpcast that allows users to do bare metal backup and recovery, is now available for testing.
![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Metal-Backup-and-Recovery-Is-Now-Possible-with-Debian-Based-Clonezilla-Live-2-2-0-13-391374-2.jpg)
[Clonezilla Live 2.2.0-13][1] is a new development version for this distribution and the developers have chosen to move a little faster with the numbering systems. There are no major differences, but some packages have been updated.
“The underlying GNU/Linux operating system was upgraded. This release is based on the Debian Sid repository (as of 2013/Oct/14). Package drbl has been updated to 2.5.12-drbl1, and clonezilla has been updated to 3.7.15-drbl1,” reads the announcement.
The developers also integrated Samba 4.0.10, which isn't exactly the last stable one released, but it's still recently new.
Remember that this is a development version and it should NOT be installed on production machines. It is intended for testing purposes only.
**Download Clonezilla Live 2.2.0-13**
- [Clonezilla LiveCD 2.1.2-53 (ISO) i486 Stable][2][iso] [120 MB]
- [Clonezilla LiveCD 2.1.2-53 (ISO) i686 PAE Stable][3][iso] [121 MB]
- [Clonezilla LiveCD 2.1.2-53 (ISO) amd64 Stable][4][iso] [123 MB]
- [Clonezilla LiveCD 2.2.0-13 (ISO) i486 Testing][5][iso] [134 MB]
- [Clonezilla LiveCD 2.2.0-13 (ISO) i686 PAE Testing][6][iso] [135 MB]
- [Clonezilla LiveCD 2.2.0-13 (ISO) amd64 Testing][7][iso] [138 MB]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Metal-Backup-and-Recovery-Is-Now-Possible-with-Debian-Based-Clonezilla-Live-2-2-0-13-391374.shtml
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[1]:http://free.nchc.org.tw/clonezilla-live/testing/ChangeLog-Clonezilla-live.txt
[2]:http://downloads.sourceforge.net/clonezilla/clonezilla-live-2.1.2-53-i486.iso
[3]:http://downloads.sourceforge.net/clonezilla/clonezilla-live-2.1.2-53-i686-pae.iso
[4]:http://downloads.sourceforge.net/clonezilla/clonezilla-live-2.1.2-53-amd64.iso
[5]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/clonezilla/files/clonezilla_live_testing/2.2.0-8/clonezilla-live-2.2.0-13-i486.iso/download
[6]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/clonezilla/files/clonezilla_live_testing/2.2.0-8/clonezilla-live-2.2.0-13-i686-pae.iso/download
[7]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/clonezilla/files/clonezilla_live_testing/2.2.0-8/clonezilla-live-2.2.0-13-amd64.iso/download

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New GNOME IRC App ‘Polari’
================================================================================
You have to hand it to the GNOME designers and developers: their work in creating a coherent, integrated set of apps for the desktop is showing true promise.
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/gnome3_polari.jpg)
*The latest build of Polari in action.*
In fact, they’ve barely sat still over the last couple of years, creating app after app.
There are now dedicated apps for Music, Video and Photos; a virtual machine manager in the shape of Boxes; the Maps, Weather & Notes tools are all looking fantastic. And the new GNOME Software Store? Design wise it knocks Ubuntu’s aged offering out of the park!
But it seems that the GNOME app gurus aren’t done yet. Work has recently begun on a new GNOME 3 IRC app called ‘Polari’.
*(As an aside, it’s a testament to the focus within the GNOME development community on putting users first that the one tool they likely use most often to communicate is one of the last to get the GNOME app treatment.)*
## Polari – Planned Features ##
It’s not fixed in a dusty coding tome that all IRC clients have to resemble something from an 80s sci-fi movie, or be intimidating to the general user. Even in today’s world of instant communications via social networks, IRC remains a great way for people to chat.
To this end, if [Polari][1] (expect a name change further down the line) had a slogan it would be “*An IRC client for dummies.*”
- Connect to IRC servers & rooms
- Clearly see mentions & notifications
- Support GNOME 3 notifications
- Integration with Contacts, the GNOME contacts app
- History & transcript features
- Link previews
- File transfers
Developer-orientated features have also been mooted, including integrated support for Pastebin & Bugzilla.
So when can you try it? Not quite yet. Development of Polari is still in its early stages, but, if you’re willing to build it from Git (requires GNOME 3.10) you’ll find that it’s already capable of handling the basics, including delivering notifications for mentions.
For code-compiling-phobes Polari is expected to feature (most likely as an app preview) in GNOME 3.12, due next year.
- [More about Polari][2]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/gnome-irc-app-polari-in-development
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[1]:https://git.gnome.org/browse/polari
[2]:https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Polari

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Raspberry Pi: the Perfect Home Server
================================================================================
Ever since the announcement of the Raspberry Pi, sites all across the Internet have offered lots of interesting and challenging uses for this exciting device. Although all of those ideas are great, the most obvious and perhaps least glamorous use for the Raspberry Pi (**RPi**) is creating your perfect home server.
If you've got several different computers in need of a consistent and automated backup strategy, the RPi can do that. If you have music and video you'd like to be able to access from almost any screen in the house, the RPi can make that happen too. Maybe you have a printer or two you'd like to share with everyone easily? The Raspberry Pi can fill all those needs with a minimal investment in hardware and time.
**Raspberry Pi Benefits**
Low cost: for $35, the RPi model B is nearly a complete computer with 512MB of RAM, 100Mb Ethernet, an SD card slot, two USB ports, audio out and HDMI or RCA video out. I've seen HDMI cables that cost more than that.
Energy efficient: hardware costs are only one component of a server's expense, because you also need to consider the energy cost to keep the device running constantly. The services needed for home use aren't going to tax the CPU much, and most of the time it will just be idling, waiting for something to do. The RPi's ultra-low power components are a perfect fit for this workload, which helps keep your power bill down. My model B unit plus external hard drive consume only 8 watts total, while the old Athlon-based box it replaced drew 54 watts at idle. Assuming 10 cents per kilowatt hour, that puts the yearly power bill for an RPi at $7 vs. $47 for an Athlon-based machine. The RPi basically pays for itself in less than a year!
Low noise: because the RPi doesn't have fans or moving parts, the only component in your final configuration that generates noise or any appreciable heat will be the hard disk. If you're concerned about noise, enthusiast sites like [Silent PC Review][1] often include noise benchmarks in their storage reviews. My experience is that any modern drive is quiet enough to avoid detection anywhere there's something else already running (such as a media center, gaming console or other computer). If your home doesn't provide a lot of flexibility for wiring options, the RPi's small size, minimal thermal output and low-noise footprint may make it possible to sneak in a server where it was difficult to justify one in the past.
![](http://www.linuxjournal.com/files/linuxjournal.com/ufiles/imagecache/large-550px-centered/u1002061/11454f1.jpg)
Figure 1. A Compact, but Highly Capable Home Server
New opportunities: a less tangible benefit is the simple joy of trying something new! For me, this was my first time really working on a Debian-based distribution, and it's probably the first time many Linux enthusiasts will have a chance to try an ARM-based architecture.
**Arranging the Hardware**
For a home server, you'll need a medium-size SD Flash card for local storage. It's possible to use a USB thumbdrive for booting, but that would use up one of the two precious USB slots. The Flash storage card doesn't need to be large, but the faster the better. I chose a name-brand SD card with an 8GB capacity and class 10 speed rating. For backups and multimedia files, a large hard drive with a USB dock is a must. I chose a 1.5TB hard drive and a Calvary EN-CAHDD-D 2-bay USB 2.0 hard drive dock. This dock has a feature to run two drives in RAID-0 mode, which could be useful someday. Finally, the RPi doesn't come with a power supply, but most smartphone chargers supply the required 5v-over-micro USB. To see if the RPi was fussy about the power source, I swapped through three different micro-USB cell-phone chargers for power supplies. I tried each one for about a week, with no issues on any of the units.
**Installing the Operating System**
Installing the RPi operating system is covered in extensive detail elsewhere, but here are a few home-server-specific tips, roughly in the order needed.
1) Get the Raspbian "Wheezy" install image directly from [http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads][2], and copy it onto the SD card, using the steps listed on the site.
2) When booting the RPi for the first time, attach a keyboard, mouse and monitor. Don't forget to turn on the monitor before booting the RPi, so that it can detect the correct HDMI or composite output port.
3) The RPi has a nice "raspi-config" screen that you'll see on first boot. For a home server, the following selections will be useful:
- expand_rootfs: resizes the default 2GB OS image to fill the rest of the Flash card.
- change_pass: the default password is "raspberry", but something more secure than that would be better.
- Set your locale and timezone.
- memory_split: assign the minimum amount possible (16) to the GPU to leave as much room as possible for services.
- SSH: don't forget to enable the SSH server.
- boot_behaviour: turn off boot to desktop (again, to save memory for your services).
When finished, you'll be at the `pi@raspberrypi` prompt. The setup script can be re-run at any time via `sudo raspi-config`.
There are just a few more configuration items, and then the operating system is ready to go.
1) A static IP makes everything easier, so switch the network settings for eth0:
>> sudo nano -w /etc/network/interfaces
change the eth0 line `iface eth0 inet dhcp` to the following (modify to meet your home network setup):
======/etc/network/interfaces======
...
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
...
======/etc/network/interfaces======
2) Create a local user, and put it in the users and sudo group:
>> sudo adduser YOURUSERIDHERE
>> sudo usermod -a -G users YOURUSERIDHERE
>> sudo usermod -a -G sudo YOURUSERIDHERE
3) Update the system to ensure that it has the latest and greatest copies of all the libraries:
>> sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get upgrade
4) At this point, you're ready to go headless! Shut down the PI:
>> sudo /sbin/shutdown -h now
Once it's down (monitor the green status LEDs on the RPi circuit board to know when it has finished shutting down), unplug the monitor, keyboard, mouse and power cord. Attach the USB storage, then restart the RPi by plugging the power back in.
5) Once the RPi starts up (again, those green LEDs are the clue to its state), you can ssh in to the RPi from any other machine on the network and finish all the configuration remotely from here on out (modify the following for your static IP):
`>> ssh YOURUSERIDHERE@192.168.1.10`
Congratulations, you have a working Raspberry Pi!
**Peripherals**
The first order of business is to get the external storage device mounted. Use dmesg to look for where the storage device was found—it almost certainly will be /dev/sda. I like using automounter to handle mounting removable storage devices, as it is more flexible about handing devices that may not be present or ready at boot time:
>> sudo apt-get install autofs
>> sudo nano -w /etc/auto.master
======/etc/auto.master======
...
/misc /etc/auto.misc
...
======/etc/auto.master======
>> sudo nano -w /etc/auto.misc
Note, my external storage device is formatted with ext4—modify this for your needs if required:
======/etc/auto.misc======
...
storage -fstype=ext4:/dev/sda1
...
======/etc/auto.misc======
>> sudo /etc/init.d/autofs restart
>> ls -lat /misc/storage
Optionally, create a symlink to shorten the path a smidgen:
>> ln -s /misc/storage /storage
**Backup Repository**
At the top of any home server feature list is providing rock-solid backups. With the RPi, this is pretty simple, due to the wide range of network-sharing options in Linux: Samba/CIFS for Windows machines, NFS for UNIX-based devices and even SFTP for more advanced backup clients like deja-dup. Because the RPi has only 100Mb Ethernet, and the storage device is on USB, it's not going to have super-fast transfer speeds. On the other hand, good backup clients run automatically and in the background, so it's unlikely that you'll notice the slightly slower transfer speeds.
My home network includes one Windows 7 machine. For it, I exported a backup directory on the RPi's external USB storage device via Samba. Because the backup utility in the basic version of Windows 7 doesn't support network drives as a backup destination, I used [SyncBack Free][3] to set up automated, daily backups.
Configuring Samba is simple.
1) Install the samba and common-bin library (which has the smbpasswd utility):
>> sudo apt-get install samba samba-common-bin
2) Use `smbpasswd` to let your local ID have access:
>> sudo smbpasswd -a YOURUSERIDHERE
3) Edit the samba configuration file:
>> sudo nano -w /etc/samba/smb.conf
4) Change the `workgroup = WORKGROUP` line to match your Windows workgroup name.
5) Comment out or delete the [homes] and [printers] share. (Printer sharing will be done later via direct CUPS access.)
6) Add an entry for the Windows backup paths. Here's my example, which I placed at the bottom of the file:
======/etc/samba/smb.conf======
...
[win7pc]
comment=Backup for windows PC
path=/storage/win7pc
writeable=Yes
create mask=0777
directory mask=0777
browsable=Yes
public=Yes
valid users=YOURUSERIDHERE
...
======/etc/samba/smb.conf======
7) Restart Samba to implement your edits:
>> sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
8) Test connectivity from the Windows machine by mapping a network drive from the file explorer.
For Linux devices, deja-dup is brilliantly simple to set up and use. It's been installed by default on both my Fedora 18 and Ubuntu 12.10 installs. While the package name is "deja-dup", the front end is simply called "Backup". Although the RPi easily could support NFS export, I've found that using deja-dup's SSH option is easier and more portable, and it eliminates the need for an additional service on the RPi. Specifying a deja-dup encryption password is probably a good idea, unless you like the idea of all your files walking off if someone pockets the storage drive:
>> sudo mkdir /storage/linuxlaptop
>> sudo chown -R YOURUSERIDHERE:YOURUSERIDHERE /storage/linuxlaptop
From the client Linux machine, launch the backup utility, choose "SSH" as the backup location, and enter the RPi's IP address and the storage location you just created. The first backup will be slow, but future runs will be sending only incremental changes, which is significantly faster.
![](http://www.linuxjournal.com/files/linuxjournal.com/ufiles/imagecache/medium-350px-centered/u1002061/11454f2.png)
Figure 2. Deja-dup Client Setup
**Multimedia Server: DLNA**
Now that everyone's files are backed up safely, let's move on to some fun! A DLNA server will give you a central place to store your movies, music and pictures. From this central repository, DLNA clients from every screen in the house can play back this content with ease.
At least, that's the promise. The reality is that the DNLA specs don't quite nail down many important things like which formats or encodings are supported. Each client typically has a slightly different idea of what formats and server features it would like to support. A much higher-power server might be able to transcode local content to device-supported formats on the fly, but that's not possible on the RPi, and the on-the-fly transcoding often messes up other features like pause, fast-forward and rewind. In general, higher-powered devices like the PS3, Xbox and WD TV devices can handle most formats without any transcoding. Lower-end devices like smart TVs or Blu-ray players support a much more limited list of codecs.
For the RPi, your best bet is simply to encode to the standards your primary DLNA device supports and then test your other DLNA clients. If they won't play nicely, the tips in the next section may help. In my case, my PlayStation 3 acts as the DLNA client, which plays nicely with the compact .m4v files generated by Handbrake.
Minidlna is a great choice for the RPi DLNA server. It's already in the Raspbian distribution, is quite simple to set up and uses minimal server resources while running:
>> sudo apt-get install minidlna
>> sudo nano -w /etc/minidlna.conf
Here are the relevant sections of my /etc/minidlna.conf:
...
# I found keeping video + audio in different paths helpful
media_dir=V,/storage/dlna/video
media_dir=A,/storage/dlna/music
...
presentation_url=http://192.168.1.10:8200/
...
friendly_name=MyRPi
...
# Since I add new media infrequently, turning off
# inotify keeps minidlna for polling for
# content changes. It's simple enough to run
# sudo /etc/init.d/minidlna force-reload
# when new content is added.
inotify=no
Once done editing, tell minidlna to restart and rescan for content:
>> sudo /etc/init.d/minidlna force-reload
Minidlna has the ability to provide movie-poster thumbnails for your movies for devices that support it (like the PS3). It makes finding a specific movie when scrolling through dozens of movie files much more convenient. I've found that the most compatible file layout is to have one directory per movie, containing just the movie file plus the thumbnail image named "Cover.jpg". Using a format like "MovieName.m4v" and "MovieName.jpg" works fine for the PS3, but it breaks VLC (if you can convince the VLC uPNP plugin to find the server in the first place).
From the PS3, you can test connectivity by going to "Video" on the XMB bar. The "friendly_name" you set previously should be visible when scrolling down in the Video section. If you cant find it, test to ensure that Minidlna is up by going to http://192.168.1.10:8200/ with a Web browser.
**Multimedia for Non-DLNA Devices**
Once you get DNLA working with some of your devices, you may find devices it doesn't want to work with, so a multimedia plan B is a good idea. The nginx Web server has an MP4 plugin that tries to improve streaming over plain-old HTTP, but browser playback performance varied widely, and fast-forwarding within a movie didn't work consistently either. It seems like the lowest common denominator for multimedia sharing across fussy or non-DLNA devices is a good-old-fashioned Samba share with guest read-only access.
Here's an sample section from /etc/samba/smb.conf:
[dlna]
path=/storage/dlna
read only=yes
browsable=yes
public=yes
After defining the share and restarting Samba (`sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart`), you can start to test out your clients.
I tested the following clients with a mix of videos encoded with Handbrake as m4v files:
- Android 4.0.4 phone: "ES File Explorer" with "ES Media Player" (player comes with install).
- Android 4.1.2 tablet: "ES File Explorer" with "ES Media Player" (player comes with install).
- Linux devices: automount ://192.168.1.10/dlna, then use VLC or MPlayer.
- Windows: mount //192.168.1.10:/dlna, then use VLC.
All devices were able to start playing almost instantly and fast-forward with no delays.
**Print Server**
The RPi runs CUPS quite well, so it's easy to share an older printer that doesn't have native networking features.
Install CUPS and any packages needed by your printer. I needed hplip-cups since I have an HP inkjet printer:
>> sudo apt-get install cups hplip-cups
Update the "Listen" line and add the `Allow @LOCAL` block to the Location directives as shown below (so you can use other machines on your LAN to administer CUPS):
======/etc/cups/cupsd.conf======
#Listen localhost:631 #Comment this out
Listen 192.168.1.10:631 #Add this line
...
<Location />
Order allow,deny
Allow @LOCAL
</Location>
# Restrict access to the admin pages...
<Location /admin>
Order allow,deny
Allow @LOCAL
</Location>
# Restrict access to configuration files...
<Location /admin/conf>
AuthType Default
Require user @SYSTEM
Order allow,deny
Allow @LOCAL
</Location>
======/etc/cups/cupsd.conf======
Add your local ID to the lpadmin group so you can administer CUPS:
>> sudo usermod -a -G lpadmin YOURUSERIDHERE
Restart CUPS:
>> sudo /etc/init.d/cups restart
Then, go to http://192.168.1.10:631/ and click "Adding Printers and Classes" to set up your printer. My printer was auto-discovered on the USB, so all I had do to was click "share". Also access https://192.168.1.10:631/admin, and make sure to check "Share printers connected to this system".
Once you're done, you can set up your clients the usual way. My Linux clients auto-discovered the printer and picked the right printer drivers once I entered the hostname. On my Windows 7 machine, once I selected "Network Printer", I had to click "The printer that I want isn't listed", select "Select a shared printer by name" and then enter the URL from the CUPS Web interface: http://192.168.1.10:631/printers/HP_J4500.
**Conclusion**
With a minimal amount of additional hardware and configuration, the Raspberry Pi can be a highly capable, compact home server. It can bring the wide range of enterprise services offered by Linux into a home environment with minimal hardware expense.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/raspberry-pi-perfect-home-server
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:http://www.silentpcreview.com/
[2]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads
[3]:http://www.2brightsparks.com/freeware/freeware-hub.html

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Salvation Prophecy Military Space Epic Arrives on Steam for Linux
===
![img](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news-700/Salvation-Prophecy-Military-Space-Epic-Arrives-on-Steam-for-Linux.jpg?1381742049)
**Salvation Prophecy, a title developed and published on Steam by Firedance Games, has been launched on the Linux platform.**
According to the developers, Salvation Prophecy is a military space epic in which the players will be able to play as fighter pilots in space, but also on the surface of planets, in FPS mode.
“Battles rage as space fleets collide. Invaders clash against fortified enemy colonies. Yet the greatest danger is the impending annihilation foretold by an apocalyptic prophecy. You must seek out the mysteries of distant alien worlds, and master ancient powers to withstand the coming storm,” reads the official [synopsis][1].
The minimum Linux system requirements are pretty low, considering the complexity of the game: Ubuntu 12.04 or Ubuntu 12.10, a Dual-core processor, 2 GB RAM, NVIDIA GeForce 8600 GT, ATI Radeon HD 2600, or better, and 1 GB of available space.
More details about this release can be found on the official Steam [website][2].
---
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Salvation-Prophecy-Military-Space-Epic-Arrives-on-Steam-for-Linux-390849.shtml
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:http://store.steampowered.com/news/11613/
[2]:http://store.steampowered.com/app/248450/

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(runningwater翻译中)Top Things To Do After Installing Ubuntu 13.10 ‘Saucy Salamander’
================================================================================
**Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander** will be released on coming **October 17th** with many new salient features, updates and significant performance improvements. In this brief how-to let us discuss how we can enhance Ubuntu 13.10 further for day to day activities. This post we will share some interesting insight and ideas about what you can and should do after a successful installation.
If you have already a previous release of Ubuntu, and want to upgrade to the latest 13.10 version, then please follow our step by step guide [upgrade to Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander][1].
First of all, after fresh installation of Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy, check the following few things first.
**A. If sound is working, if not, [check our previous post to resolve the issue][2].
B. If wifi connection speed is normal or if it is too slow, [check our previous post to resolve the issue][3].**
## 1. Update System ##
After install the Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy, the first and important thing to do is update/upgrade software repositories and make sure your systems contains latest versions of all softwares.
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
## 2. Ubuntu Tweak ##
**Ubuntu Tweak** is a must have application for Ubuntu and it’s derivatives. It is an application to config Ubuntu easier for everyone. It provides many useful desktop and system options that the default desktop environment doesn’t provide. Using Ubuntu Tweak you can install all needed applications with a simple click, you can change the window buttons from Left to right…etc.
**Read our [Interview with Ding Zhou of Ubuntu Tweak][4].**
**Install Ubuntu Tweak via PPA**
**Note**: Ubuntu-Tweak Stable PPA is not ready yet. But there is an another PPA is available to install Ubutun-Tweak from the team.
Open terminal and enter the following commands:
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/next
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak
Most of the applications listed in this post, can be installed from Ubuntu Tweak Center with one click.
If you want to learn how to use [Ubuntu Tweak, read our previous post][5].
## 3. Desktop Environments ##
**Don’t like Unity in Ubuntu 13.10, why don’t you give a try to Cinnamon or Gnome?**
Cinnamon is a GNOME 3 fork that allow you to have a panel at the bottom with a classic Menu, this is useful for people that want to use Ubuntu with a classic Bottom Menu. Cinnamon is available in the default repositories of Ubuntu 13.10, therefore you can install it with the following command.
If you want to install the most recent version of cinnamon, then add the follow the steps below.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-nightly
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cinnamon
Logout from the current session and select Cinnamon as your desktop session at the user login prompt. Now you’ll able to get the Cinnamon Desktop Environment.
**Warning**: Latest version of Cinnamon corrupts Unity both on Ubuntu 13.04 and 13.10. Hope this bug will be fixed soon before the Ubuntu 13.10 stable release. For more information please refer this [link][7].
**Install GNOME 3 in Ubuntu 13.10**
To install GNOME 3 in Ubuntu 13.10, enter the following command:
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell ubuntu-gnome-desktop
During installation, the installer will ask you to select the login manager of your choice (LightDM is the default Unity manager and GDM is the GNOME default — Both will work).
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Menu_001.png)
## 4. Accounts Configuration ##
**Configure UbuntuOne Account**
**UbuntuOne** enables users to store files online and sync them between computers and mobile devices, as well as stream audio and music from cloud to mobile devices. If you have already an account, you will need top sing in, setup a folder in your computer and start synchronizing your data, contacts, photos …etc.
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Ubuntu-One_005.png)
Also you can run **UbuntuOne** from the left side unity launcher:
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Selection_004.png)
**Configure Online Accounts**
One of the top things you need to do is to setup your online accounts (Facebook, twitter…). To do that click on the **gear** button on the top right corner and select **System Settings**.
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Menu_007.png)
Then select Online Accounts (see below).
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/System-Settings_008.png)
Now setup your online accounts and get notifications in Ubuntu.
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Online-Accounts_010.png)
## 5. System Monitoring & Eye Candy Tools ##
**Install Conky for Ubuntu 13.10**
**[Conky][8]** is a free, light-weight system monitor for X, that displays any information on your desktop. There are many nice themes available for conky that can display clock, CPU usage, RAM usage, swap, disk, net and more. Check [our previous post for installation and configuration][9] of conky in Ubuntu 12.04, 12.10, 13.04 and Ubuntu 13.10.
**Don’t like the default icons, Wanna try some cool icons? **
Try the following cool Icon collections.
Want to change the default icons to something that match your taste? [Check this nice collection of icons for Ubuntu][10] (PPA included).
## 6. Multimedia ##
**- Players
1-VLC Media Player:**
[VLC][11] is the best media player for Linux it play almost everything, it has many features that you can not find in any other media player, read this post if you want to know what VLC can do: [25 things you can do with VLC Media player][12]!
You can install VLC from Ubuntu Software Center or via terminal by using the following command:
sudo apt-get install vlc
Or install the most recent version 2.1.1 using the following PPA.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/stable-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/About_014.png)
**2- XMBC:**
**[XBMC][13]** is an award-winning free and open source (GPL) software media player and entertainment hub for digital media. XBMC is available for Linux, OS X, Windows, and the original Xbox. While XBMC functions very well as a standard media player application for your computer, it has been designed to be the perfect companion for your HTPC. Supporting an almost endless range of remote controls, and combined with its beautiful interface and powerful skinning engine, XBMC feels very natural to use from the couch and is the ideal solution for your home theater.
Open terminal and copy the following commands:
sudo apt-get install xbmc
**- Video Editors
Openshot video editor:**
My favorite Video editor is [Openshot][14], the best existing actually for Linux. You can install Openshot from Ubuntu Software Center, but if you want to install the latest release, you can do that by adding the following repositories:
**Note**: PPA is not yet working in 13.10 at the time of writing this article. Hope it will be updated soon.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openshot.developers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openshot openshot-doc
Read also our [interview with Jonathan Thomas][15] the main developer of Openshot.
**- Video Encoders
Handbrake:**
Check our previous article to know about the powerful video encoder called “Handbrake”.
[Encode Movies And Videos Using Handbrake][16]
## 7. Install Common Codecs And Enable DVD playback ##
Perhaps installing a few common codecs might give you better sensibility of your system:
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg libxine1-ffmpeg gxine mencoder libdvdread4 totem-mozilla icedax tagtool easytag id3tool lame nautilus-script-audio-convert libmad0 mpg321 gstreamer1.0-libav
To play encrypted DVDs, the libdvdcss2 package is essential. libdvdcss is a simple library designed for accessing DVDs like a block device without having to bother about the decryption.
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/./install-css.sh
## 8. Enable Flash Support On Browsers ##
**For Ubuntu 32 bit & 64 bit**: To be able to watch some videos and see flash website in your browser (Firefox/Chrome), you need to install flash plugin, go to **Ubuntu Software Center** and search word “**flash**” and install it.
Alternatively enter the following command to install flash plugins.
sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer
## 9. Torrent Softwares ##
**uTorrent:**
**uTorrent** is a lightweight and efficient BitTorrent client for Linux, Windows OS and Mac OS. The installation of uTorrent in Linux is different from Windows and Mac OS. In Linux, uTorrent runs as a web server. You will access uTorrent from your browser. You should start the uTorrent server in order to access it from your browser.
Check our previous article to know more about uTorrent.
[How To Install uTorrent Client in Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint][17]
**Deluge:**
The Deluge application was designed to be a full-featured torrent client. Deluge uses libtorrent in its back-end and PyGTK for its user interface and is currently usable on POSIX-compliant operating systems. It is intended to bring a native, full-featured client to GTK desktop environments such as GNOME and Xfce. An official Windows port is also available.
Open terminal and type the following commands:
sudo apt-get install deluge
## 10. Messengers ##
Here is the list of recommended Messengers for your system. Don’t install everything. Install one by one and pick up the right one for your requirement and delete the rest.
[Pidgin][18],The best messenger client and 30 plugins, you can do voice and video chat with friends.
To install Pidgin, enter the following command:
$ sudo apt-get install pidgin
[aMSN][19] is a free windows Live Messenger clone. aMSN attempts to emulate the look and feel of Windows Live Messenger, and supports many of its features.
aMSN has features not present in Windows Live Messenger. Users can set alarms, are able to see others who have removed them from their contact list, and are able to open many profiles at once. It is also very customizable, with extensions and themes available at the main site.
To install aMsn, enter the following command in your terminal.
$ sudo apt-get install amsn
**Skype:**
If you’re want to install Skype, check our previous post: [How to install Skype in Ubuntu 13.04 ‘Raring Ringtail][20]’
**Jitsi:**
Jitsi is an open source and multi platform audio/video Internet phone and instant messenger written in Java. It supports some of the most popular instant messaging and telephony protocols such as SIP, Jabber/XMPP (and hence Facebook and Google Talk), AIM, ICQ, MSN, Yahoo! Messenger.
For details about Jitsi please check our previous article in the following link.
[Install Jitsi Instant Messenger in Ubuntu][21]
## 11. Gaming & Emulators ##
**Gaming made easy with Playdeb:**
If you are a grate fan of gaming so is important to add PlayDeb repositories to your Lucid Lynx. PlayDeb is a gaming repository for Ubuntu aimed to provide titles already available on getdeb.net in an easier to install and update format. You can install many games by a simple click.
[Click to install PlayDeb repositories][22]
**Wine**
Wine enables Linux, Mac, FreeBSD, and Solaris users to run Windows applications without a copy of Microsoft Windows. Wine is free software under constant development. Other platforms may benefit as well.
sudo apt-get install wine
Or
Please follow instructions in our previous post : [How to install and configure games on WINE][23]
## 12. Sharing Files/Folders ##
**Samba:**
In order to share folders in **Raring Ringtail** with other Linux and windows machines in your network, you will need to install and configure Samba share, for instructions how to configure Samba in Ubuntu check our previous post : [Install and Configure Samba share in Ubuntu 13.04 ‘Raring Ringtail][24]’
**Gigola:**
Gigola is an another option to share files between Linux and Windows systems. Unlike Samba, we can use Gigola to send files between Linux-to-Linux and Linux-to-Windows systems.
Learn more about Gigola from the below link.
[How to Access Remote Linux and Windows Shares with Gigolo][25]
## 13. Extras & Miscellaneous ##
**- Install Archive Management Apps:**
Install the following packages will allow you to deal with almost all and any zip formated files.
sudo apt-get install unace unrar zip unzip p7zip-full p7zip-rar sharutils rar uudeview mpack arj cabextract file-roller
**- Y PPA Manager:**
Y PPA Manager is a GUI tool to easily add PPAs, search a package in all [Launchpad PPAs][26], remove duplicate PPAs (only works with separate .list files), backup PPAs and other PPA-related tasks. Check out the Launchpad page for a complete features list.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager
Y-PPA-Manager can be launched either from Dash or Menu.
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Y-PPA-Manager_015.png)
**Install Java 7**
Java is fast, secure, and reliable programming and computing platform. There are lots of applications and websites that will not work unless you have Java installed, and more are created every day. To install java simply run the following command from your terminal.
sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk
If you want to try oracle-java 7, try the following steps.
First you need to remove OpenJDK for this run the following command from your terminal:
sudo apt-get purge openjdk*
Now you can install Java 7 by adding the following repository:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer
To remove Java 7, run this in terminal:
sudo apt-get remove oracle-java7-installer
**FileZilla:**
[Filezilla][27] is one of the best ftp client for Linux.
Install it via command line:
sudo apt-get install filezilla
**Dropbox:**
Dropbox is a free service that lets you bring all your photos, docs, and videos anywhere. This means that any file you save to your Dropbox will automatically save to all your computers, phones and even the [Dropbox website][28]. Dropbox also makes it super easy to share with others, whether you’re a student or professional, parent or grandparent.
[Download the Dropbox package][29]
**Oracle VirtualBox:**
If you want to run another OS in a virtual machine, install Virtualbox.
For installation, [follow the instructions in our previous post][30].
**Cheese: Web Cam Software**
Cheese uses your webcam to take photos and videos, applies fancy special effects and lets you share the fun with others. To install cheese on your Ubuntu desktop, enter the following command:
**sudo apt-get install cheese**
**digikam**
digiKam is an advanced digital photo management application for Linux, Windows, and Mac-OSX. It can be used by Photographers to view, manage, edit, enhance, organize, tag, and share photographs under Linux systems.
You can easily install it using command:
sudo apt-get install digikam
**Gimp:**
Regardless of whether you need to edit images daily on a professional level or just a hobbyist, GIMP is an essential tool for all.
sudo apt-get install gimp gimp-data gimp-plugin-registry gimp-data-extras
**Install Compiz**
To install Compiz use the following command:
sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins
## 14. Desktop Effects ##
Want to spice-up your desktop with awesome wallpapers, well you can use the following two programs to change your desktop wallpapers in a particular interval.
**a- Variety:**
Variety is a wallpaper changer for Ubuntu which is feature-full, yet slim and very easy to use. It can automatically download wallpapers from various online sources such as Flickr, Wallbase.cc, World sunlight map (a live wallpaper that changes as the day progresses), Wallpapers.net, NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day, Desktoppr.co etc. It allows rotating them on a regular interval or on demand, and provides easy to use ways to separate the great images from the junk.
To install it under Ubuntu follow our previous post instructions.
[Automatically Change the Desktop Wallpaper Using Variety on Ubuntu/Linux Mint][31]
**b- Wallch:**
Wallch is an application that can be used to change your Ubuntu (Ubuntu derivatives) desktop wallpapers automatically at a particular period of time. It supports Gnome and Unity. It also let you to stop/start wallch, change to next/previous wallpaper. You can adjust/change the wallpaper changing interval. Wallch supports live Earth wallpapers which updates automatically every half an hour, therefore you can set the live Earth wallpapers as your desktop background.
To install it under Ubuntu follow our previous post instructions.
[Change Ubuntu Systems Wallpaper Automatically With Wallch][32]
## 15. Other worth trying applications ##
**a- App Grid:**
App Grid is a light weight alternative for Ubuntu Software Center. It allows you to filter applications by installed, pending, categories, name and rating. It is released under proprietary license and is available for Ubuntu 12.04, 12.10, 13.04 and 13.10.
For more details about App Grid, check our previous article in the following link.
[App Grid: A New Alternative For Ubuntu Software Center][33]
**b- Boot UP Manager(BUM):**
Boot-Up Manager is a Perl-Gtk2 application to manage runlevels configuration of any Ubuntu/Debian derivative systems. Using this program we can easily start and stop boot-up scripts, without the necessity to handle through complex symbolic links and permissions.
For more details about BUM, check our previous article in the following link.
[Manage Startup Services With BUM (Boot-Up Manager) On Ubuntu/Debian][34]
**c- TLP: Improve Battery performance**
TLP is an advanced power management tool for Linux that gives the settings and tweaks to enhance your existing power management automatically without the need to know every technical details. It is purely a command-line tool and doesn’t have a GUI. It should work on almost all laptops.
For more details about TLP, check our previous article in the following link.
[How to Improve Laptop Battery Life and Usage in Linux Using TLP][35]
**d- BleachBit: Clean up your system**
BleachBit deletes the unnecessary files, free up cache, delete cookies, clear internet history, shred temporary files, delete logs, and discard junk you didn’t know was there. This tool can be used in both Windows OS and Linux systems. And it will support the following applications such as Firefox, Internet Explorer, Adobe Flash, Google Chrome, Opera, Safari and more. It not only deletes the files, but it includes some advanced features such as shredding files to prevent recovery, wiping free disk space to hide traces of files deleted by other applications, and vacuuming Firefox to make it faster.
For more details about BleachBit, check our previous article in the following link.
[Clean up your systems using BleachBit][36]
Also install the following useful software’s if you like. This is gonna help you some time.
[Opera][37] – The fastest browser on Earth is even faster. But that is not all. Use Opera Turbo to double your page-download speed on slow connections.
[Google Chrome][38] – Web browser from Google
[Google Earth][39] – Travel to cities across the globe, dive into the depths of the ocean, explore remote islands or even fly to faraway galaxies.
Now you’ve reached the end of the article. At this stage, you’ll have a perfect and full fledged Ubuntu 13.10 Desktop. Cheers!!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.unixmen.com/top-things-installing-ubuntu-13-10/
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/upgrade-ubuntu-13-04-raring-ubuntu-13-10-saucy-salamander/
[2]:http://www.unixmen.com/2012003-howto-resolve-nosound-problem-on-ubuntu/
[3]:http://www.unixmen.com/resolve-slow-connexion-when-using-wifi-in-ubuntu-1104-natty-narwhal
[4]:http://www.unixmen.com/interview-with-ding-zhou-of-ubuntu-tweak/
[5]:http://www.unixmen.com/after-a-fresh-install-of-ubuntu-1010-maverick-meerkat-configuration-made-easy-with-ubuntu-tweak/
[6]:http://www.unixmen.com/lefebvre-clem-gives-new-cinnamon-de-for-the-good-old-gnome-2x-experience/
[7]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Cinnamon-2-0-Corrupts-Unity-on-Ubuntu-13-10-390736.shtml
[8]:http://conky.sourceforge.net/
[9]:http://www.unixmen.com/configure-conky-lua-in-ubuntu-11-10-12-04-fedora-debian-and-linuxmint-howto-conky/
[10]:http://www.unixmen.com/nice-collection-of-iconsets-themes-for-your-linux-desktop-with-installation-instructions-ubuntu-ppa/
[11]:http://www.unixmen.com/042013-top-things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-13-04-raring-ringtail/www.videolan.org
[12]:http://www.unixmen.com/22-things-you-can-do-with-vlc/
[13]:http://www.unixmen.com/xbmc-11-0-eden-has-been-released-ppa-ubuntu/
[14]:http://www.openshotvideo.com/
[15]:http://www.unixmen.com/interview-with-jonathan-thomas-of-openshot/
[16]:http://www.unixmen.com/how-to-encode-moviesvideos-using-handbrake/
[17]:http://www.unixmen.com/how-to-install-utorrent-on-ubuntu-debian/
[18]:http://www.pidgin.im/
[19]:http://www.unixmen.com/042013-top-things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-13-04-raring-ringtail/www.amsn-project.net/
[20]:http://www.unixmen.com/howto-install-skype-in-ubuntu-12-04-precise-pangolin/
[21]:http://www.unixmen.com/top-things-installing-ubuntu-13-10/www.unixmen.com/install-jitsi-instant-messenger-ubuntu/
[22]:http://archive.getdeb.net/install_deb/playdeb_0.3-1%7Egetdeb1_all.deb
[23]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-and-configure-wine-to-play-latest-windows-games-in-linux-ubuntu-linuxmint-fedora/
[24]:http://www.unixmen.com/howto-install-and-configure-samba-share-in-ubuntu/
[25]:http://www.unixmen.com/how-to-access-remote-linux-and-windows-shares-with-gigolo/
[26]:https://launchpad.net/y-ppa-manager
[27]:http://www.filezilla-project.org/
[28]:http://www.dropbox.com/
[29]:https://www.dropbox.com/install?os=lnx
[30]:http://www.unixmen.com/virtualbox-4-1-12-has-been-released-ppa-ubuntu12-04-lts/
[31]:http://www.unixmen.com/automatically-change-the-desktop-wallpaper-using-variety-on-ubuntulinux-mint/
[32]:http://www.unixmen.com/change-ubuntu-systems-wallpaper-automatically-wallch/
[33]:http://www.unixmen.com/app-grid-a-new-alternative-for-ubuntu-software-center/
[34]:http://www.unixmen.com/manage-startup-services-with-bumboot-up-manager-on-ubuntudebian/
[35]:http://www.unixmen.com/how-to-improve-laptop-battery-life-and-usage-in-linux-using-tlp/
[36]:http://www.unixmen.com/clean-up-your-linux-systems-using-bleachbit/
[37]:http://www.opera.com/browser/
[38]:http://www.google.com/chrome/index.html?hl=en-GB&brand=CHMB&utm_campaign=nl&utm_source=nl-ha-emea-nl-bk&utm_medium=ha
[39]:http://www.unixmen.com/how-to-install-google-earth-in-linux/

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Ubuntu 13.10: It just works
================================================================================
**Find out why Jack Wallen thinks that Ubuntu 13.10 is a solid, reliable platform that just works. Do you agree? **
![](http://tr1.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2013/10/15/c0a67c0e-828d-4efb-80b2-0490dc61e325/resize/620x485/ubuntu-13-10-saucy-salamander.jpg)
I've been using Ubuntu for a very long time. I was one of the few in the media who adopted Unity as my primary desktop interface. In fact, I've grown so used to Unity that I have trouble finding any form of efficiency in other desktops. So, naturally, when a new Ubuntu release is about to be unleashed upon the world, I grab a beta and install it.
The hype surrounding the upcoming 13.10 (Saucy Salamander) was fairly significant. Leading this charge was the much-anticipated switch to Xmir. Well, thanks to a few show-stopping issues (such as dual-monitor support), Xmir has been pushed back to 14.04. Is this a big deal? Yes and no. Yes, because Xmir will be a major change to the sub-systems of Ubuntu. No, because Xmir must be faultless when released -- otherwise, the backlash will knock Canonical back so far in the past that they'll have a hard time recovering in the eyes of the Linux community.
Beyond Xmir, the biggest change from .04 to .10 is the much-maligned inclusion of Smart Scopes. What are Smart Scopes? Let me explain it in the simplest terms as possible.
When you open your browser and begin typing a string of characters, you know how that browser will make suggestions for you based on search terms, location, and history? Smart Scopes brings that same functionality to the desktop. I've run some tests on it, and it's pretty incredible. Search for nearly anything, and it will return results based on a number of criteria. Want to know the location of a restaurant in your area? I conducted a search for my favorite Mexican restaurant, Bazos, and an entry appeared in Smart Scopes (**Figure A**). Click the entry to get the address or open that entry in a web browser to get more information (and even reviews).
**Figure A**
![](http://tr2.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2013/10/15/2973959a-1e3e-454d-af1f-b8ed01236a87/resize/620x485/smart_scopes_1.101513.png)
**My favorite place to eat listed in Smart Scopes.**
I get it, there are people out there suffering from apoplectic fits of terror because Smart Scopes is an invasion of privacy. This is no different than what your web browser is doing. So, unless you constantly run your web browser in Incognito mode, all those search strings are saved and compared anyway. And the truth is, why wouldn't you want your search results based on your preferences and behavior instead of some generic algorithm? Personally, I don't mind my search results being quantified and qualified, so long as it constantly refines the search results based on my needs.
Smart Scopes isn't limited to seeking out search results from the network. You'll be happily searching for anything and everything on your local (or locally attached) drives as well. With this inclusion, Smart Scopes becomes one of the single most powerful search tools available.
Of course, if you don't like Smart Scopes, you can turn them off. Here's how:
1. Click the Settings launcher
1. Select Security & Privacy
1. In the Search tab, turn Include online search results to Off (**Figure B**)
**Figure B**
![](http://tr2.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2013/10/15/5059f807-0498-460c-a5d8-7ad3f0ccbae3/resize/620x485/smart_scopes_2.101513.png)
**It's easy to turn off the Smart Scopes feature.**
With all of that said, let's step away from the arguments for or against search privacy and let me explain exactly why Ubuntu 13.10 is the perfect desktop for nearly any user.
The install was fresh from the latest daily build. During the installation, I included third-party software, updates, and was even able to authenticated to my UbuntuOne account. The install was incredibly simple (as most modern Linux distributions are), and at first login, everything was smooth.
What initially struck me about Ubuntu 13.10 is how everything worked out of the box. There was no need to install codecs to listen or view various multi-media files, flash worked, and everything was ready for average, daily computer use. You could work on office documents, set up your email account... you name it. But that has become the standard operating procedure for Ubuntu.
So, what's different? Honestly, not much. However, what little difference there is should go a long way with the average user. Probably the single most important thing I've found is that a lot of the little quirks and oddities are gone. There are no longer any strange errors that randomly pop up to cause confusion and disdain among new users. Windows don't artifact or stall, the Dash is very responsive (as is Smart Scopes), and the compositing is smooth and effortless against your CPU. Also, the bug is resolved that plagued the Dash when trying to use the arrow keys to navigate through search results.
## Ubuntu 13.10 just works ##
I would go as far to say that Ubuntu has done to the desktop what Apple did with hardware/software -- it developed a clean, solid convergence of pieces to create a cohesive whole. Although that whole has ruffled some feathers, Ubuntu 13.10 should go a long way to smooth them out. How is that possible, considering how many users have turned their back (thanks to [the Wayland kerfuffle][1])?
Outside of Smart Scopes, there are no major changes. There's little excitement on the desktop -- it's still the same old look and feel. Oh sure, there are tiny tweaks here and there, but overall, 13.10 and 13.04 look the same at first blush. Under the hood? Same thing. You'll find a new kernel (3.11) and a few other tweaks, but nothing to cause the cheerleaders of the world to frustratingly toss their pompoms in the air.
Instead, Ubuntu 13.10 is a refinement of something that was already there and polished. There are no show stopping or curtain call worthy new features -- just countless tweaks here and there that make the whole system run smooth and fast.
The final release of Saucy Salamander is set for October 17, 2013. You can get a copy of the [daily build][2] or wait for the release date. Either way, you're going to get a solid, reliable platform that just works.
What are your thoughts about Saucy Salamander? Share your opinion in the discussion thread below.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/linux-and-open-source/ubuntu-1310-it-just-works/
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[1]:http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/linux-and-open-source/the-canonical-conundrum-why-the-ubuntu-hate/
[2]:http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/daily-live/current/

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Ubuntu Countdown, third-party Ubuntu 13.10-related interesting widget
================================================================================
Two days left for the exciting arrival of Ubuntu 13.10, stable Ubuntu release marking a fresh new Ubuntu experience with new features, optimizations and under-the-hood enhancements.
**Ubuntu Countdown** is a **third-party** widget that displays in real time the amount of time left until Ubuntu 13.10's release, offering an interesting clock rendered on top of an Ubuntu-wise wallpaper.
The Ubuntu Countdown widget comes with minimalism and readability, allowing the viewer to easily observe the interval of time between the now and the October 17th's long-awaited release.
A definitely interesting aspect of the mentioned countdown is its double-sided nature: on one hand, there is the countdown, on the other hand, there is the encapsulated [ubuntu.com][1].
Meaning, clicking on the widget, changes the countdown with the official ubuntu.com website, permitting further actions on ubuntu.com, actions happening inside the same widget.
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/Ubuntu%20Countdown%20saucy%201.png)
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/Ubuntu%20Countdown%20saucy%202.png)
Ubuntu Countdown can be easily embedded into a webpage by simply copying & pasting the embed code available on [http://www.corbindavenport.com/ubuntu/][2]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/ubuntu-countdown-third-party-ubuntu-1310-related-interesting-widget
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[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/
[2]:http://www.corbindavenport.com/ubuntu/

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Ubuntu Mobile icon theme sees new icons
================================================================================
Unity 8, Web Browser App, Friends App, Ubuntu SDK are pieces of the upcoming Ubuntu converged, pieces that are gradually forming the whole,--the convergence-enabled Ubuntu--, with a constantly-maintained vigorous development covering all the pieces via a consistent uniform development energy.
**Ubuntu Mobile** is a fancy icon theme used by Ubuntu Touch, icon theme presently containing relevant icons for used actions and applications, progressively being expanded to cover the Ubuntu Touch's needs.
Ubuntu Mobile has been updated to another release, adding new icons, among which icons located under the actions category.
`Add-to-call`, `browser-timeline`, `calendar`, `calendar-today`, `dropdown-menu`, `external-link`, `media-playlist-repeat`, `media-playlist-shuffle`, `navigation-menu`, `new-event`, `remove-from-call` are among the newly-introduced icons`, new icons increasing the available actions and buttons of the growing and growing Ubuntu Mobile theme.
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/ubuntu%20mobile%20saucy%20new%20icons.png)
Ubuntu Mobile (while being used in Ubuntu Touch by default) is [available][1] for installation via Ubuntu 13.10's Ubuntu Software Center.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:apt://ubuntu-mobile-icons

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翻译中 ---Vic___
Ubuntu Tweak 0.8.6 released with Ubuntu 13.10 support and improvements
================================================================================
Ubuntu Tweak is a powerful, advanced tweaking tool featuring a massive amount of functionalities and tweakable options, permitting an in-depth tweaking of the desktop via a clear, clean interface.
Font sizes, GTK+ themes, Unity launcher, quicklist editor, kernel removals are among the abilities contained by Ubuntu Tweak, abilities covering the whole of the powerful Ubuntu desktop.
[Ubuntu Tweak][1] **0.8.6** has been [released][2], bringing support for Ubuntu **13.10** and, therefore, allowing users to utilize the handy app under the upcoming Ubuntu 13.10.
The newly-released 0.8.6 version comes with enhanced old-kernels handling,--allowing a more accurate removal of the unwanted kernels from one's system--, as well as with disabled `Application Center` and `Source Center`; navigating now to `Ubuntu Tweak-->Admins` the user is to notice the removal of `Application Center` and `Source Center`.
The mentioned features, along with bug fixes and removed errors, are part of the newly-updated Ubuntu Tweak 0.8.6.
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/ubuntu%20tweak%20086%20saucy.png)
How do we **install** Ubuntu Tweak 0.8.6?
Add the following **official** PPA (Ubuntu 12.04, Ubuntu 12.10, Ubuntu 13.04, Ubuntu 13.10)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu-tweak
[2]:http://blog.ubuntu-tweak.com/2013/10/13/ubuntu-tweak-0-8-6-released-for-13-10-saucy.html

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will.qian is translating this article
Unity 8 updated with interesting refinements
================================================================================
[Unity 8][1] is the next-generation Unity aimed at and being developed in mind with Ubuntu converged, Unity 8 that is to deliver beauty, power and professional designs for phones, tablets and desktops.
Unity 8 has been updated to yet-another meaningful release, optimizing its elements with more clarity and natural behaviors.
Weeks ago, Unity 8 received support for the carousel effect in the Videos scope, carousel item-listing shortly after adopted by the Music scope, basically, Unity 8 featuring coverflow manners of rendering and organizing content in its Videos and Music scopes.
The latest Unity 8 version brings refinements for the **coverflow** effect used by the Music scope, rendering their covers (the big-sized thumbnails generated by music tracks) with a subtly-refined shape.
Opening the Music scope, the user is to notice the new shape used by the cycled-through covers featuring a more square look, increasing their width and decreasing their height; the result: the covers have now more elegance, emanating style and class, moreover, being now visually aligned with the other thumbnails from (for example) the `Albums` category (featuring the same look & feel).
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/unity%208%20new%20covers%20square.png)
Unity 8 comes with several search areas, search areas enriched with support for activity indicators; typing now a term in the search area, displays a vivid extremely-energetic spinning circle, transmitting to the user its in-progress state.
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/unity%208%20activity%20indicator.png)
Unity 8 is [available][2] for testing via Ubuntu 13.10's Ubuntu Software Center.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/unity-8-updated-interesting-refinements
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[1]:https://launchpad.net/unity8
[2]:apt://unity8

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Manage Passwords Securely in Ubuntu with KeePassX
================================================================================
**With security issues becoming more and more important, the emphasis on secure passwords (as well as other methods like multiple step authentication) has never been greater.**
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/security-key.jpg)
With that in mind I recently tried out several secure password managers to try and find something secure, but also easy to use and cross-platform.
First, I went to [LastPass][1]. It’s probably the most known tool for managing your passwords, and since it’s based on the web, it’s the most **cross platform** of them all. However, I found the interface lacking, and the number of tools and options on offer was overwhelming.
Next, I tried [KeePass 2][2]. While this is a perfectly capable app, very similar to the tool I’m going to talk about in a minute, it doesn’t provide official Linux packages, and the community ports, while serviceable, aren’t the nicest looking apps out there. So I tried other apps.
My favourite of all those I tested was **KeePassX**. It started out as a Linux port of KeePass, but eventually evolved as its own app. It bests KeePass 2 with a nicer, more native looking interface.
## Using KeePassX in Ubuntu ##
Conveniently, KeePassX already has packages in Ubuntu available for installation.
Install keepassx from the command line or **install it from the Software Centre**:
- [Install KeePassX from the Ubuntu Software Centre][3]
When you open it, you’ll see a blank window. Use the first button on the toolbar to create a new database. You can either protect it by using key files, or a password. You probably want a password which is quite easy to remember and type — you’ll be typing it in a lot, but on the other hand you don’t want anyone else accessing your database.
Next, you need to save it somewhere. I saved mine in my Dropbox, so I can access it from multiple locations. Dropbox uses two factor authentication, so if anyone wants to get into my Dropbox to access this database, they’ll also need to have my phone, which makes the process secure enough.
Alternatively, you can use other services like Google Drive and Skydrive which both use standard [Authenticator][4] apps, or Box which uses SMS for two factor authentication.
Of course, if you’re **really** worried about your passwords, you probably won’t want to save it where other parties can theoretically access it.
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-190130.png)
*The main screen of KeePassX in Ubuntu*
Using the app is actually pretty straightforward. You can add groups, and into those groups you can add keys. KeePassX includes a handy password generator whenever you need to input a password. I tend to generate my passwords with all the basic characters and special characters selected as well, at 20 characters long, but that of course depends on what the website accepts.
It’s important to note that some websites don’t always tell you how long a password they’ll accept, and opt to just put a limit on the input box. If your pasted in password doesn’t quite look long enough, it probably isn’t. It’s happened to me a few times.
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-190025.png)
*KeePassX password generator*
n my everyday usage of KeePassX, I’ve noticed a few things that should make using it a bit easier:
**Copy & Paste Paranoia**
You might be worried about the notion of copying and pasting passwords. It sure is more efficient than typing them out manually. By default, KeePassX clears the clipboard about a minute, but you can shrink this in the settings. You don’t need to be worried about someone else pasting the password and viewing it on your computer. You can also use a feature called AutoType, which types your password automatically, but this is a bit useless since for some reason it puts the password together with the username in the same field.
**Database Dilemma**
If you save the database in the cloud, don’t set the password to the cloud service to something completely random. It’s no good having the password to it saved inside the cloud if you can’t access the cloud. It might seem obvious, but it’s not something I originally realised.
**SECURE ALL THE PASSWORDS**
Whipping out your phone constantly while at work or school to access your most commonly used accounts can be a pain, so keep that in mind when settings passwords.
## The future ##
If you’ve looked into KeePass 2 and KeePassX previously, you might’ve noticed that they use different database formats.
KeePass 2 uses a newer version of the format, which offers things like custom fields. Even though KeePassX is not yet ready for the newer .kdbx format, a new version of it is in development which supports this format.
You can view the new version of KeePassX, with a vastly improved interface below. You can also download it to compile it yourself on [GitHub][6].
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_33_23.png)
*Main screen of KeePassX 2.0 *
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_34_14.png)
*Details of a single password*
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_34_44.png)
*Additional attributes of a single password *
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_35_18.png)
*Entry history, most likely replacing the ‘Backup’ folder from the previous version*
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_35_51.png)
*Settings in KeePassX 2.0 *
## Other devices ##
As I said in the beggining of my post, **I was looking for something cross platform**. This is a great advantage of the .kdb format — there are quite a few apps currently supporting it. KeePassX is also much easier to get running on Mac OS X than KeePass 2, and runs fine on Windows too.
On Android I use [KeePassDroid][6], which works solidly both on my phone and tablet.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:https://lastpass.com/
[2]:http://keepass.info/index.html
[3]:http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/keepassx
[4]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.authenticator2&hl=en
[5]:https://github.com/keepassx/keepassx
[6]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.android.keepass&hl=en_GB

105
translated/A Pentesting Release for the Raspberry Pi.md Normal file
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一个树莓派的渗透测试套件发布
================================================================================
**树莓派(Raspbeery Pi)** 是一款只有一张信用卡大小的单板机计算机.它由英国的树莓派基金会所开发,目的是以低价硬件及自由软件刺激在学校的基本的计算机教育. 树莓派的生产是通过有生产许可的**Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components** and **Egoman**公司.这些公司都在网上出售树莓派.Egoman生产的版本分布在中国和台湾(译者注:原文如此,我可没说台湾不是中国,台湾当然是中华民国了),可以从它们的颜色是红色和没有FCC/CE标志上区别其它的树莓派.所有生产商产品硬件都是一样的.(维基百科)
Pwnie Express 团队已经宣布首次发行Paspbeery Pwn,它可以用于将你的树莓派变成一个全功能的安全渗透测试和审计平台.此版本的Raspbberry Pwn 包含所有渗透测试平台所需的工具.在你的树莓派上做渗透测试,让你有什么感觉?Sqlmap, nmap, wireshark, scapy, nikto, xprobe, socat,你想要更多的工具来渗透测试你的网络?
Raspbeery Pwn 自带下面的工具:
- nmap
- dsniff
- netcat
- nikto
- xprobe
- scapy
- wireshark
- tcpdump
- ettercap
- hping3
- medusa
- macchanger
- nbtscan
- john
- ptunnel
- p0f
- ngrep
- tcpflow
- openvpn
- iodine
- httptunnel
- cryptcat
- sipsak
- yersinia
- smbclient
- sslsniff
- tcptraceroute
- pbnj
- netdiscover
- netmask
- udptunnel
- dnstracer
- sslscan
- medusa
- ipcalc
- dnswalk
- socat
- onesixtyone
- tinyproxy
- dmitry
- fcrackzip
- ssldump
- fping
- ike-scan
- gpsd
- darkstat
- swaks
- arping
- tcpreplay
- sipcrack
- proxychains
- proxytunnel
- siege
- sqlmap
- wapiti
- skipfish
- w3af
我来为你们对上面的工具做一个简短的说明.我不会说明所有的工具.仅想说说上面的两三个工具.简单的Google搜索将会帮你找到所有工具的详细说明.
**Nmap**
Nmap是一个免费开源的网络探索工具,帮助我们map网络.网络管理者们发现它在每天的工作中非常有用,如果你有计划做一名网管的话,你应该学习如何使用Nmap.Nmap能够帮助我们探索一个网络中有多少主机(host),它们正在用什么操作系统,还有它们开放的端口并且这些端口上正在运行什么服务.它是一个命令行工具要是你不喜欢记这么多命令,这有一个叫做Zenmap的Nmap图形化版本.Namp和Zenmap都是多平台的(Linux,Windows,Mac OS,BSD,等),因此你不必担心操作系统.Nmap有将扫描(scan)结果保存为文件的功能并且我们能够在以后的分析中使用这些文件.更好的是我喜欢Nmap的是它的脚本引擎(NSE).我们可以自己写脚本在Nmap中使用.浏览更多:[http://www.unixmen.com/scan-your-home-network-with-nmap/][1]
**Netcat**
Netcat 是一个命令行网络工具,它能够通过传输控制协议TCP和用户数据报协议UDP读写数据.最初为Unix而写,在1996年发布,已经被一直到多个操作系统,事实说明它在游戏中依然保持强劲.17年来netcat是属于每一个网络管理/安全专家的工具箱.人们说"姜还是老的辣",在我看来对netcat来说是真的.事实是,只有你想不到的没有netcat做不到的,根据你的意图,你可以用它做好事或者不好的事.Netcat作为一个客户端和作为一个服务器运行.即使有少数例外,newcat的命令选项在Windows和Linux是一样的,这使得netcat成为一个更强大的工具.在下一篇文章中将为你介绍netcat的命令选项还有你将学习到如何执行一些基本的netcat操作. - 浏览更多:[http://www.unixmen.com/short-introduction-to-netcat][2]
**Sqlmap**
如果你需要一个工具在你的web应用中利用(译者注:exploit在计算机安全术语中，这个词通常表示利用程序中的某些漏洞，来得到计算机的控制权这个词同时也表示为了利用这个漏洞而编写的攻击程序)sql注入漏洞或者接管数据库服务器,sqlmap是适合的.Sqlmap是一个被全世界所有渗透测试者使用的工具,它具备全部的功能.它的一些功能:
- 完全支持MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, IBM DB2, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase and SAP MaxDB数据库管理系统.
- 完全支持6个SQL注入技术:boolean-based blind, time-based blind, error-based, UNION query, stacked queries and out-of-band.
- 支持不用通过SQL注入直接连接到数据库,通过提供DBMS凭证,IP地址,端口和数据库名称.
- 支持枚举用户,密码哈希,权限,角色,数据库,表和列.
- 自动识别密码散列格式,支持使用基于字典的攻击cracking它们.
- 支持完全转储数据库表,更具每个用户的选择的范围内的条目或特别的列.用户可以从每个列条目选择只转储一定范围内的字符.
- 支持搜索具体的数据库名称,所有数据库具体的表或所有数据库表中具体的列.
**Medusa**
你需要一个暴力破解(brute-forcer)登陆器? Mesusa为破解网络服务发开于Gentoo Linux 和 FreeBSD.Mesusa和FTP, HTTP, IMAP, MS-SQL, MySQL, NCP (NetWare), NNTP, PcAnywhere, POP3, PostgreSQL,rexec, rlogin, rsh, SMB, SMTP (AUTH/VRFY), SNMP, SSHv2, SVN还有其它服务一起工作.你可以在这里浏览更多关于Medusa的信息.
在Raspbeery Pwn这次发布中你能看到所有渗透测试所需要的工具.你有一个树莓派吗?把它变成一个渗透机器吧.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/scan-your-home-network-with-nmap/
[2]:http://www.unixmen.com/short-introduction-to-netcat/

38
translated/Contacts App updated with enhanced avatar support.md
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联系人应用已经支持高级avatar功能
================================================================================
为下一代Ubuntu设计的新一代软件们正在通过多方面的支持逐步的建立起来，包括了一组由第三方的程序员和Ubntu程序员还有Ubuntu的设计者们一起开发出来的核心软件，同样还有由Ubuntu的开发者和设计者们创建出来的软件。
在官方的开发出来的软件们中有一个联系人应用程序，它非常的容易上手，并且是一个拥有友好界面的联系人信息收集管理程序。拥有许多可以编辑的字段。 快速滚动条 还有被列出来的项目还会提供一个有趣的相关联系的应用（正在研发中。）
[联系人应用][1]被更新了另外的一个附加的功能，正在展现出来的[最近几个新的][2]功能。也就是所说的 avatar的联系人支持
在它的上一个版本中，用户可以通过联系人中心选择avatars的支持。现在在主界面中也开始支持图片显示了。
意思是，点击一个联系人，按下下方的`编辑`按钮来为这个联系人添加一个虚拟的头像在之前单色图标的位置，在点击保存之后那个那个头像就会被保存下来了。之后回到主界面就能够看到之前添加的头像了，之前的单色调的方块图片被我们替换成刚刚添加的图片。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/contacts%20app%20new%20image%20oct%2011.png)
此外，avatar可以将四角变成圆角，用于美化联系人的显示。如果用户选择的话甚至可以同时将缩略图也美化成圆角的，其实对于avatar来说，一般情况都是采用没有棱角的图片。
还有更多的功能呦~点击那些已经开启avatar的联系人。点开联系人，在用户查看之前保存图片的地方，可以新的图片替换掉就 图片。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/contacts%20app%20enhanced%20avatar.png)
联系人应用已经[可以][3]在Ubuntu13.10的 Ubuntu软件中心中找到了，并且可用用来安装使用或者用来做测试。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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译者：[FineFan](https://github.com/FineFan) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:https://launchpad.net/address-book-app
[2]:http://iloveubuntu.net/contacts-app-updated-avatar-editing-support
[3]:apt://address-book-app

30
translated/Debian 7.2 Wheez Officially Released.md Normal file
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Debian 7.2 "Wheezy"正式发布
================================================================================
**Debian项目宣布即将推出可供下载的第二个维护版本的Debian 7 Linux操作系统。**
![](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/Debian-7-2-quot-Wheezy-quot-Officially-Released-390694-3.png)
Debian 7.2仅仅是维护更新，但是它确实进行了一系列的升级并且为当前稳定版本进行了一些修正，也为其更新了许多包。
“请注意这次更新并不是使用了一个新的Debian 7，而仅仅是更新了其中的一些包。因此没有必要将以前废旧的安装包丢掉，只需要在安装系统后通过最新的Debian镜像更新一些需要更新的包即可。”官方公告这么说。
这意味着已经安装有Debian 7.0或7.1的用户不用再重新安装系统。他们只需要定期即可，这样只需要从security.debian.org下载很少部分包。
在官方[声明][1]中可以查看完整的更新日志。
**Debian GNU/Linux 7.1.0: 免费下载地址**
- [Debian GNU/Linux 7.1.0 (ISO) 32-bit[iso]][2] [3.70 GB]
- [Debian GNU/Linux 7.1.0 (ISO) 64-bit[iso]][3] [3.80 GB]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
来自: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Debian-7-2-quot-Wheezy-quot-Officially-Released-390694.shtml
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译者：[SCUSJS](https://github.com/scusjs) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:http://www.debian.org/News/2013/20131012
[2]:http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/7.1.0/i386/iso-dvd/debian-7.1.0-i386-DVD-1.iso
[3]:http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/7.1.0/amd64/iso-dvd/debian-7.1.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso

24
translated/How To Upgrade From Ubuntu 13.04 Raring To Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander.md
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如何从Ubuntu13.04 Raring升级到Ubuntu13.10 Saucy Salamander
================================================================================
**Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy**即将于**10月17日**发布。希望它比Ubuntu 13.04 Raring版本或以前的版本有很大的改进及增加更多功能。大家都好奇地等着，想看看Ubuntu13.10将给Ubuntu爱好者带来些什么。Ubuntu 13.10的最终beta版已经于一周前就出来了。
**Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy**即将于**10月17日**发布。希望它比Ubuntu 13.04 Raring版本或以前的版本有很大的改进及增加更多功能。大家都好奇地等着，想看看Ubuntu13.10将给Ubuntu爱好者带来些什么。Ubuntu 13.10的最终beta版已经于一周前就发布了。
If you have Ubuntu 13,04, 12,10 or 12.04 Precise Pangolin or older version of Ubuntu on your system, and want to upgrade to this new release? I know you wish. Just follow the simple steps below, you can easily upgrade from Ubuntu 13.04 to Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy both Desktop and as well as Server editions.如果你的系统是Ubuntu的13.04、12.10、12.04 Precise Pangolin或者更早的版本的话，你愿意升级到这最新的发行版本吗？我知道你愿意。只需要按照下面所示的简单几步，不管你用的是桌面版本还是服务版本，都能轻松的从Ubuntu13.04版本升级到Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy版本。
如果你的系统是Ubuntu的13.04、12.10、12.04 Precise Pangolin或者更早的版本的话，你愿意升级到这最新的发行版本吗？我知道你愿意。只需要按照下面所示的简单几步，不管你用的是桌面版本还是服务器版本，都能轻松地从Ubuntu13.04版本升级到Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy版本。
**重要**：在升级前，确保对你的**数据做一次全备份**,备份都存储到外部设备（USB记忆棒或CD/ DVD）去。
**注意**：在升级前，确保对你的**数据做一次全备份**,备份都存储到外部设备（USB记忆棒或CD/ DVD）。
**桌面版升级**
@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ Software Updater会让你确认是否仍要升级。点击**Start Upgrade**就
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Untitled-window_005.png)
现在Software Updater就会获取文件包并进行安装。这将需要一段时间，具体时间长短取决于你的网络连接速度。你就可以轻松下来。
现在Software Updater就会获取文件包并进行安装。这将需要一段时间，具体时间长短取决于你的网络连接速度。坐下来放松片刻吧。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Distribution-Upgrade_006.png)
过一会儿，就会询问是否删除不必要的应用程序。
过一会儿，你将被询问是否删除不必要的应用程序。
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Untitled-window_008.png)
@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ Software Updater会让你确认是否仍要升级。点击**Start Upgrade**就
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Details_010.png)
**服务版升级**
**服务器版升级**
要从Ubuntu 13.10服务版升级到Ubuntu 13.04服务版本，请按下面步骤操作。
要从Ubuntu 13.10服务器版升级到Ubuntu 13.04服务器版本，请按下面步骤操作。
如果还没有安装**update-manager-core**软件包，请先进行安装：
@ -82,21 +82,21 @@ Software Updater会让你确认是否仍要升级。点击**Start Upgrade**就
# determine if a newer release is available.
Prompt=normal
现在是时候把系统升级到最新服务版本了，使用下面的命令：
现在是时候把系统升级到最新服务器版本了，使用下面的命令：
sudo do-release-upgrade -d
按照屏幕上的指示一步一步操作。大功告成！！。
按照屏幕上的指示一步一步操作。大功告成！！
已经成功的升级到Ubuntu 13.10了，现在该做些什么呢？看看我们的新文章“**安装Ubuntu13.10后应该做的事**”。现在你的系统已经很完善了。庆祝吧！！
已经成功的升级到Ubuntu 13.10了，现在该做些什么呢？看看我们的新文章“**安装Ubuntu13.10后最应该做的几件事**”。现在你的系统已经很完善了。庆祝吧！！
**请注意：这是一个测试版的。我建议不要在生产环境上安装。最终的稳定版将会在2013年10月17日发布。**
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)

21
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(runningwater认领)
Linux Terminal: Seeing the unseen characters with cat!
Linux终端：用cat命令查看隐藏的字符
================================================================================
Sometimes a program or software don’t start for a syntax error, and if you check the files there is nothing wrong..apparently.
There are a lot of characters that usually are not printed if you use a normal text editor, but you can easily check if they are present with your terminal and the command cat.
时常，某个程序或软件并没有语法错误，并且你检查它的相关内容也确实没有发现问题。这是因为你用普通文本编辑器软件来查看的时候，有许多字符没有显示出来，但在终端下面使用cat命令可以很容易的检测出是否存在这些字符。
As first thing let’s create a simple text file with these special characters, open a terminal and run the command:
首先，我们创建一个简单的文本文件，写入一些特殊的字符。打开终端，运行命令：
printf 'testing\012\011\011testing\014\010\012more testing\012\011\000\013\000even more testing\012\011\011\011\012' > /tmp/testing.txt
Now if you open the file with an editor you’ll have different results.
A simple cat will show:
现在用不同的编辑器软件打开，显示的结果不会相同。用简单的cat打开将显示：
$ cat /tmp/testing.txt
testing
@ -19,7 +16,7 @@ A simple cat will show:
even more testing
While if you open it with nano or vim you’ll see :
然而用nano或者vim打开，将会看到：
testing
testing^L^H
@ -27,9 +24,9 @@ While if you open it with nano or vim you’ll see :
more testing
^@^K^@even more testing
Now we can see some options of cat to print special characters.
现在我们给cat加上一些选项参数，以便能显示出特殊字符来。
1) Use cat -T to display TAB characters as ^I
1) 用cat -T命令来显示TAB键的字符^I
cat -T /tmp/testing.txt
testing
@ -40,7 +37,7 @@ Now we can see some options of cat to print special characters.
even more testing
^I^I^I
2) Use cat -E to display $ at end of each line
2) 用cat -E命令来显示行尾的结束字符$
$ cat -E /tmp/testing.txt
testing$
@ -51,7 +48,7 @@ Now we can see some options of cat to print special characters.
even more testing$
$
3) Use a simple cat -A to show up all the invisible characters:
3) 用简单的cat -A命令就可以显示所有不可见的字符：
$ cat -A /tmp/testing.txt
testing$

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保护密码的利器：Ubuntu 之 KeePassX
================================================================================
**随着安全性问题变得越来越重要，密码当然是越安全越理想（比如多步认证），这一点再强调也不为过。
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/security-key.jpg)
既然这样想了，于是我最近就试用了几个安全密码管理器，试图找到一款比较可靠，易于使用并且跨平台的应用软件。
首先，我尝试了LastPass[1]。LastPass大概最为人们所熟知，基于网络管理密码，是所有软件中平台无关性最强的。但是我发现它的界面简陋，而且提供太多的工具和选项，比较繁琐。
接下来，我又试了试KeePass 2[2]。尽管是一款功能相当完善的应用软件，非常类似于下面我将要描述的，但是官方又不提供Linux上的安装包和公共接口，虽然可用，还算不上最好的。所以我又尝试了其他应用。
在所有的试用过的软件中，我最喜欢的是**KeePassX**. KeePassX起初是作为linux的一个分支，但是后来逐渐演变为属于自己的应用程序。凭借更漂亮、更为本地化的接口，KeePassX 打败了KeePass 2。
## 在ubuntu中使用KeePassX ##
方便的是，KeePassX已经提供在ubuntu上安装的软件包。
从命令行安装KeePassX或者**从软件管理中心安装**：
- [Install KeePassX from the Ubuntu Software Centre][3]
打开它，你会看到一个空白窗口。点击工具条上的按钮创建一个数据库。可以使用密钥文件或者密码保护刚刚创建的数据库。你很可能使用密码，因为只需要记住它并输入就行了 - 你可能会键入许多字符，但是另一方面，你不会让其他人进入你的数据库。
接下来，你得把它存到某个位置。我保存在我的Dropbox里面，这样就可以从多个地方获取。Dropbox使用双重认证，所以如果有人想进到我的Dropbox里面，他就得用到我的手机，这样的方式是还是相当安全的。
另外，你可以使用其他的服务，比如Google Drive和Skydrive，它们都使用标准认证器[4];再比如Box，使用SMS进行双重认证。
当然，如果**的的确确**担心自己的密码，你很可能不打算把密码存到其他的一些组织团体，因为理论上密码是可以被他们获取到的。
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-190130.png)
*Ubuntu中KeePassX的主界面*
使用该应用还是相当直接的。你可以添加分组，然后在分组里添加密码。KeePassX带有一个很方便的密码生成器，当你需要输入一个密码的时候可以使用该生成器，而不用自己构思一个。我倾向于使用所有基本的字符以及挑选的特殊的字符来生成密码，
20个字符的长度，当然这得看网站接不接受了。
需要注意一点，有些网站并不告诉你他们接受多长字符的密码，倾向于只在输入框限制输入长度。如果你粘贴进去的密码看起来没那么长，事实上可能不是那么一回事，也有可能是被截断了。这种情况我碰到过几次。
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-190025.png)
*KeePassX 密码生成器*
根据日常的使用经验，我积累了一些小的技巧，使得操作KeePassX更简单一些：
**疯狂地复制粘贴**
像这样复制粘贴密码，你可能会比较担心。可以肯定的是这比手动输入高效多了。默认情况下，KeePassX会在一分钟之内清空粘贴板，也可以设置更短的时间，所以不必担心有人会在你电脑上把密码粘贴下来查看。你也可以开启一个AutoType的特性，该特性会自动输入密码，不过出于某种原因，它会把密码紧跟着用户名输入到同一个地方，这样一来该特性似乎用处不大。
**数据库的困境**
如果你把数据库存放到云端，就不要为云端服务设置完全随机的密码。如果你不能进入到云，但是又把云密码存储到云里边，这是完全没有益处的。这看起来似乎很明显，但是刚开始我却没有意识到这一点。
**确保所有的密码都是安全的**
为了查看常用的账号，工作或者学习的时候要频繁地掏手机，这也是一件挺痛苦的事儿，所以设置密码的时候不妨想象一下这种情形，哈。
## 未来 ##
如果你以前也深入了解过KeePass 2和KeePassX，或许会注意到二者使用不同的数据库格式。
KeePass 2使用一种新的版本格式，比如允许自定义字段。尽管KeePassX目前还不支持新的.kdbx格式，正在开发中的新的版本会加上这一点。
可以预览一下新版本的KeePassX，界面大为改善。你也可以从GitHub上[6]下载后自己安装。
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_33_23.png)
*KeePassX 2.0 主界面*
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_34_14.png)
*密码项的一些细节*
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_34_44.png)
*密码项的附加属性*
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_35_18.png)
*历史登陆信息，比如从先前的版本替换掉"Backup"文件夹之类的*
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Screenshot-from-2013-10-11-19_35_51.png)
*KeePassX 2.0 中的配置*
## 其他建议 ##
正如本文开头所说，**我在寻找能够跨平台的东西**。这正是.kdb格式的优点 - 很多应用都支持这种格式。KeePassX 在 Mac OS X上运行起来要比KeePass 2容易得多，在windows上也可以。
Android系统上，我使用KeePassDroid[6]，在我的手机和平板上运行都很稳定。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:https://lastpass.com/
[2]:http://keepass.info/index.html
[3]:http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/keepassx
[4]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.authenticator2&hl=en
[5]:https://github.com/keepassx/keepassx
[6]:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.android.keepass&hl=en_GB

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Mark Shuttleworth认为苹果5S使用了Ubuntu Edge收敛的创意
================================================================================
Canonical公司的创始人Mark Shuttleworth通过这一有趣的说法将Ubuntu Egde智能手机与iPhone 5S联系了起来。
几个月前，Canonical和Mark Shuttleworth尝试筹资来推出一款手机，该手机被认为是手机中的“F1赛车”。虽然失败了，但是他认为苹果已经从这款手机（Ubuntu Edge）的概念中获得了灵感。
“我认为[Ubuntu Edge]可能加速了收敛的概念，你看苹果描述他们的新的CPU为‘桌面级’的，我认为这并不是偶然。”他在接受[ZDnet][1]采访时这么说。
Canonical公司的创始人可能有一些我们不能获得的内部消息，但是这是一个对无缘无故将事情相提并论完全不感兴趣的人的有趣的推断。
苹果是否会按照Canonical的Ubuntu Edge手机描绘的收敛性发展还有待观察。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/mark-shuttleworth-on-how-the-ubuntu-edge-dream-lives-on-in-the-iphone-7000021857/

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太空战争史诗巨作《救赎预言》登陆Linux
================================================================================
![img](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news-700/Salvation-Prophecy-Military-Space-Epic-Arrives-on-Steam-for-Linux.jpg?1381742049)
**Firedance Games公司在steam上发布了自主开发的《救赎预言》 并且支持Linux平台**
根据开发者的介绍，《救赎语言》是一个太空战争史诗巨作，让玩家可以在太空扮演战斗机驾驶员战斗，也可以在行星表面以FPS模式对抗。
“激烈的战斗和舰队的碰撞。入侵者强化自己的殖民地，原住民的土地生灵涂炭，但最大的威胁却是一个即将到来的世界毁灭的预言。你必须寻找出来自遥远外星世界的秘密, 并且掌握远古的力量来抵抗即将到来的风暴” 来自官方介绍 [synopsis][1].
Linux系统最低配置要求：
系统：Ubuntu 12.04 或者 12.10 版本
处理器：双核处理器
内存：2GB内存
显卡：NVIDIA GeForce 8600 GT、 ATI Radeon HD 2600 或者更好
硬盘：至少1GB可用空间
更多详情请关注Steam官方网站[website][2]。
---
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Salvation-Prophecy-Military-Space-Epic-Arrives-on-Steam-for-Linux-390849.shtml
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译者：[Vic___](https://github.com/Vic020) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
[1]:http://store.steampowered.com/news/11613/
[2]:http://store.steampowered.com/app/248450/

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Ubuntu Tweak 0.8.6 发布，支持Ubuntu 13.10和大量改进
================================================================================
Ubuntu Tweak 是一个强力的，先进的配置工具,配置了大量的功能和可修改的选项，通过一个简洁明了的界面就可以对桌面系统做深度的调整。
无论是修改字体大小，GTK+主题，Unity launcher，侧边栏启动列表甚至是屏蔽某些内核选项，都包含在Ubuntu Tweak的众多能力中，它的使用范围覆盖了整个强大的Utuntu桌面环境。
[Ubuntu Tweak][1] **0.8.6** 已经 [发布][2], 支持了Ubuntu **13.10** , 因此，允许用户在即将到来的Utuntu 13.10利用这个方便给力的应用程序。
这个新版本 0.8.6 ，改进了旧内核的处理方式，--提供了更精确地从用户系统移除多余的内核--，以及禁用`应用中心`和`资源中心`；选中`Ubuntu Tweak-->Admins`选项卡就可以注意到`应用中心`和`资源中心`的设置。
以上提及到的特征，已经随着修复bug和移除错误，成为新版本Utuntu Tweak 的一部分了。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/ubuntu%20tweak%20086%20saucy.png)
我们怎么**安装**Ubuntu Tweak 0.8.6呢?
以下的**官方**的PPA 安装命令(Ubuntu 12.04, Ubuntu 12.10, Ubuntu 13.04, Ubuntu 13.10)：
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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[1]:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu-tweak
[2]:http://blog.ubuntu-tweak.com/2013/10/13/ubuntu-tweak-0-8-6-released-for-13-10-saucy.html

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更新了有趣细节的 Unity 8
================================================================================
作为下一代 Unity 的 [Unity 8][1]，其目标是在发展理念上与 Ubuntu 设备桌面系统趋于一致。Unity 8 旨在手机、平板，及电脑设备上展现其独到的审美、强大的功能和专业的设计。
Unity 8 已经更新了又一个重要的 release 版本，在这一新版本中，Unity的基本元素经过优化处理后，显得更加清新和自然了。
几周前，Unity 8 在 Video 域中支持了旋转效果，随后，旋转效果又加入到了 Music 域中。简单来说，在 Videos 域和 Music 域中，Unity 8 使用精心设计的 coverflow 效果来呈现和组织内容。
最新版本的 Unity 8 在 Music 域中为 **coverflow** 效果增加了不少细节，使用巧妙精致的形状渲染音乐的封面（音乐曲目的大号缩略图）。
打开 Music 域，映入眼帘的是循环铺展着的封面，通过使用新的外观（增加了宽度并且减少了高度），使得封面看起来更接近于方形。这样修改的效果是，封面显得更加精致典雅，散发出了一种风格和品质。此外，封面与 `Albums` 的缩略图（例如）看起来更加一致（具有一样的外观和感觉）。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/unity%208%20new%20covers%20square.png)
Unity 8 自带了多个搜索框，搜索框支持显示 **动态提示符** 。当您在搜索框中输入一个单词时，您可以看到一个色泽鲜艳的圆圈在不停旋转，这代表正在搜索中。
![](http://iloveubuntu.net/pictures_me/unity%208%20activity%20indicator.png)
在 Ubuntu 13.10 的软件中心，您可以[下载][2] Unity 8 的测试版。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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译者：[will.qian](https://github.com/willqian) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
[1]:https://launchpad.net/unity8
[2]:apt://unity8