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[Translated] 20141210 How to configure rsyslog client for remote logging on CentOS.md
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Translating by GOLinux!
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How to configure rsyslog client for remote logging on CentOS
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================================================================================
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**rsyslog** is an open source utility widely used on Linux systems to forward or receive log messages via TCP/UDP protocols. rsyslog daemon can be configured in two scenarios. Configured as a log collector server, rsyslog daemon can gather log data from all other hosts in the network, which are configured to send their internal logs to the server. In another role, rsyslog daemon can be configured as a client which filters and sends internal log messages to either a local folder (e.g. /var/log) or a remote rsyslog server based on routing facility.
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Assuming that you already have a rsyslog server [up and running][1] on your network, this guide will show you how to set up a CentOS system to route its internal log messages to a remote rsyslog server. This will greatly improve your system's disk usage, especially if you don't have a separate large partition dedicated for /var directory.
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### Step One: Install Rsyslog Daemon ###
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On CentOS 6 and 7, rsyslog daemon comes preinstalled. To verify that rsyslog is installed on your CentOS system, issue the following command:
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# rpm -qa | grep rsyslog
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# rsyslogd -v
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If for some reason rsyslog daemon is missing on your system, issue the following command to install it:
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# yum install rsyslog
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### Step Two: Configure Rsyslog Daemon as a Client ###
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The next step is to transform your CentOS machine into a rsyslog client which sends all of its internal log messages to the central remote log server.
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To do so, open the main rsyslog configuration file located in /etc path with your favorite text editor:
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# nano /etc/rsyslog.conf
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After the file is opened for editing, you need to add the following statement at the bottom of the file. Replace the IP address with your remote rsyslog server's IP address.
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*.* @192.168.1.25:514
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The above statement tells rsyslog daemon to route every log message from every facility on the system to the remote rsyslog server (192.168.1.25) on UDP port 514.
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If for some reasons you need a more reliable protocol like TCP, and the rsyslog server is configured to listen for TCP connections, you must add an extra @ character in front of the remote host's IP address as in the below excerpt:
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*.* @@192.168.1.25:514
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Note that you can also replace the IP address of the rsyslog server with its DNS name (FQDN).
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If you want to forward log messages from a specific facility only, let's say kernel facility, then you can use the following statement in your rsyslog configuration file.
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kern.* @192.168.1.25:514
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Once you have modified the configuration, you need to restart the daemon to activate the change:
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**On CentOS 7:**
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# systemctl restart rsyslog.service
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**On CentOS 6:**
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# service rsyslog restart
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In another scenario, let's assume that you have installed an application named "foobar" on your machine, which generates logs to /var/log/foobar.log file. Now you want to direct only its logs to a remote rsyslog server. This can be achieved by loading imfile module in the rsyslog configuration as follows.
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First load the imfile module. This must be done just once.
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module(load="imfile" PollingInterval="5")
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Then specify the path to the log file that the imfile module should monitor:
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input(type="imfile"
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File="/var/log/foobar.log"
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Tag="foobar"
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Severity="error"
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Facility="local7")
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Finally, direct local7 facility to the remote rsyslog server:
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local7.* @192.168.1.25:514
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Don't forget to restart rsyslog daemon.
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### Step Three: Enable Rsyslog Daemon to Auto-start ###
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To automatically start rsyslog client after every system reboot, run the following command to enable it system-wide:
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**On CentOS 7:**
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# systemctl enable rsyslog.service
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**On CentOS 6:**
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# chkconfig rsyslog on
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### Summary ###
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In this tutorial I demonstrated how to turn a CentOS system into rsyslog client to force it to send its log messages to a remote rsyslog server. Here I assume that the connection between a rsyslog client and rsyslog server is secure (e.g., within corporate network protected by a firewall). Under any circumstances do not configure a rsyslog client to forward log messages over insecure networks or, especially, over the Internet as the syslog protocol is a clear-text protocol. For secure transmission, consider encrypting syslog messages using [TLS/SSL][2].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/configure-rsyslog-client-centos.html
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作者：[Caezsar M][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/caezsar
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/configure-syslog-server-linux.html
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[2]:http://www.rsyslog.com/doc/rsyslog_tls.html
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CentOS上配置rsyslog客户端用以远程记录日志
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================================================================================
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**rsyslog**是一个开源工具，被广泛用于Linux系统以通过TCP/UDP协议转发或接收日志消息。rsyslog守护进程可以被配置称两种环境，一种是配置成日志收集服务器，rsyslog进程可以从网络中收集所有其它主机上的日志数据，这些主机已经将日志配置为发送到服务器。rsyslog的另外一个角色，就是可以配置为客户端，用来过滤和发送内部日志消息到本地文件夹（如/var/log）或一台可以路由到的远程rsyslog服务器上。
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假定你的网络中已经有一台rsyslog服务器[已经起来并且处于运行中][1]，本指南将为你展示如何来设置CentOS系统将其内部日志消息路由到一台远程rsyslog服务器上。这将大大改善你的系统磁盘空间的使用，尤其是你还没有一个独立的用于/var目录的大分区。
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### 步骤一： 安装Rsyslog守护进程 ###
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在CentOS 6和7上，rsyslog守护进程已经预先安装了。要验证rsyslog是否已经安装到你的CentOS系统上，请执行如下命令：
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# rpm -qa | grep rsyslog
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# rsyslogd -v
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如果处于某种原因，rsyslog守护进程没有出现在你的系统中，请使用以下命令来安装：
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# yum install rsyslog
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### 步骤二： 配置Rsyslog守护进程为客户端 ###
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接下来的步骤，是要将你的CentOS机器转变成rsyslog客户端，将其所有内部日志消息发送到远程中央日志服务器上。
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要实现该功能，请使用你喜爱的文本编辑器打开位于/etc路径下的rsyslog主配置文件：
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# nano /etc/rsyslog.conf
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开启文件用于编辑后，你需要添加以下声明到文件底部。将IP地址替换为你的远程rsyslog服务器的IP地址。
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*.* @192.168.1.25:514
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上面的声明告诉rsyslog守护进程，将系统上各个设备的各种日志消息路由到远程rsyslog服务器（192.168.1.25）的UDP端口514。
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如果出于某种原因，你需要更为可靠的协议，如TCP，而rsyslog服务器也被配置为监听TCP连接，你必须在远程主机的IP地址前添加一个额外的@字符，像下面这样：
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*.* @@192.168.1.25:514
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注意，你也可以将rsyslog服务器的IP地址替换成它的DNS名称（FQDN）。
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如果你只想要转发指定设备的日志消息，比如说内核设备，那么你可以在rsyslog配置文件中使用以下声明。
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kern.* @192.168.1.25:514
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修改配置文件后，你需要重启进程以激活修改：
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**CentOS 7：**
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# systemctl restart rsyslog.service
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**CentOS 6：**
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# service rsyslog restart
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在另外一种环境中，让我们假定你已经在机器上安装了一个名为“foobar”的应用程序，它会在/var/log下生成foobar.log日志文件。现在，你只想要将它的日志定向到rsyslog服务器，这可以通过像下面这样在rsyslog配置文件中加载imfile模块来实现。
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首先，加载imfile模块，这必须只做一次。
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module(load="imfile" PollingInterval="5")
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然后，指定日志文件的路径以便imfile模块可以检测到：
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input(type="imfile"
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File="/var/log/foobar.log"
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Tag="foobar"
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Severity="error"
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Facility="local7")
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最后，定向local7设备到远程rsyslog服务器：
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local7.* @192.168.1.25:514
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别忘了重启rsyslog进程哦！
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### 步骤三： 让Rsyslog进程自动启动 ###
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To automatically start rsyslog client after every system reboot, run the following command to enable it system-wide:
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要让rsyslog客户端在每次系统重启后自动启动，请运行以下命令来在系统范围启用：
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**CentOS 7：**
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# systemctl enable rsyslog.service
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**CentOS 6：**
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# chkconfig rsyslog on
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### 小结 ###
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在本教程中，我演示了如何将CentOS系统转变成rsyslog客户端以强制它发送日志消息到远程rsyslog服务器。这里我假定rsyslog客户端和服务器之间的连接是安全的（如，在有防火墙保护的公司网络中）。不管在任何情况下，都不要配置rsyslog客户端将日志消息通过不安全的网络转发，或者，特别是通过互联网转发，因为syslog协议是一个明文协议。要进行安全传输，可以考虑使用[TLS/SSL][2]来加密日志消息。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/configure-rsyslog-client-centos.html
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作者：[Caezsar M][a]
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译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/caezsar
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/configure-syslog-server-linux.html
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[2]:http://www.rsyslog.com/doc/rsyslog_tls.html
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