mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-01-16 22:42:21 +08:00
Vic Yu
GitHub
commit
4b27160869
@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
|
||||
kaneg is translating.
|
||||
How to preconfigure LXD containers with cloud-init
|
||||
======
|
||||
You are creating containers and you want them to be somewhat preconfigured. For example, you want them to run automatically **apt update** as soon as they are launched. Or, get some packages pre-installed, or run a few commands. Here is how to perform this early initialization with [**cloud-init**][1] through [LXD to container images that support **cloud-init**][2].
|
||||
|
||||
In the following, we are creating a separate LXD profile with some cloud-init instructions, then launch a container using that profile.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to create a new LXD profile
|
||||
|
||||
Let's see the existing profiles.
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ **lxc profile list**
|
||||
+---------|---------+
|
||||
| NAME | USED BY |
|
||||
+---------|---------+
|
||||
| default | 11 |
|
||||
+---------|---------+
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
There is one profile, **default**. We copy it to a new name, so that we can start adding our instructions on that profile.
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ **lxc profile copy default devprofile**
|
||||
|
||||
$ **lxc profile list**
|
||||
+------------|---------+
|
||||
| NAME | USED BY |
|
||||
+------------|---------+
|
||||
| default | 11 |
|
||||
+------------|---------+
|
||||
| devprofile | 0 |
|
||||
+------------|---------+
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
We have a new profile to work on, **devprofile**. Here is how it looks,
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ **lxc profile show devprofile**
|
||||
config:
|
||||
environment.TZ: ""
|
||||
description: Default LXD profile
|
||||
devices:
|
||||
eth0:
|
||||
nictype: bridged
|
||||
parent: lxdbr0
|
||||
type: nic
|
||||
root:
|
||||
path: /
|
||||
pool: default
|
||||
type: disk
|
||||
name: devprofile
|
||||
used_by: []
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Note the main sections, **config:** , **description:** , **devices:** , **name:** , and **used_by:**. There is careful indentation in the profile, and when you make edits, you need to take care of the indentation.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to add cloud-init to an LXD profile
|
||||
|
||||
In the **config:** section of a LXD profile, we can insert [cloud-init][1] instructions. Those[ cloud-init][1] instructions will be passed to the container and will be used when it is first launched.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are those that we are going to use in the example,
|
||||
```
|
||||
package_upgrade: true
|
||||
packages:
|
||||
- build-essential
|
||||
locale: es_ES.UTF-8
|
||||
timezone: Europe/Madrid
|
||||
runcmd:
|
||||
- [touch, /tmp/simos_was_here]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**package_upgrade: true** means that we want **cloud-init** to run **sudo apt upgrade** when the container is first launched. Under **packages:** we list the packages that we want to get automatically installed. Then we set the **locale** and **timezone**. In the Ubuntu container images, the default locale for **root** is **C.UTF-8** , for the **ubuntu** account it 's **en_US.UTF-8**. The timezone is **Etc/UTC**. Finally, we show [how to run a Unix command with **runcmd**][3].
|
||||
|
||||
The part that needs a bit of attention is how to insert the **cloud-init** instructions into the LXD profile. My preferred way is
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ **lxc profile edit devprofile**
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This opens up a text editor and allows to paste the instructions. Here is [how the result should look like][4],
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ **lxc profile show devprofile**
|
||||
config:
|
||||
environment.TZ: ""
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
user.user-data: |
|
||||
#cloud-config
|
||||
package_upgrade: true
|
||||
packages:
|
||||
- build-essential
|
||||
locale: es_ES.UTF-8
|
||||
timezone: Europe/Madrid
|
||||
runcmd:
|
||||
- [touch, /tmp/simos_was_here]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
description: Default LXD profile
|
||||
devices:
|
||||
eth0:
|
||||
nictype: bridged
|
||||
parent: lxdbr0
|
||||
type: nic
|
||||
root:
|
||||
path: /
|
||||
pool: default
|
||||
type: disk
|
||||
name: devprofile
|
||||
used_by: []
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
WordPress can get a bit messed with indentation when you copy/paste, therefore, you may use [this pastebin][4] instead.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to launch a container using a profile
|
||||
|
||||
Let's launch a new container using the profile **devprofile**.
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ **lxc launch --profile devprofile ubuntu:x mydev**
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Let's get into the container and figure out whether our instructions took effect.
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ **lxc exec mydev bash**
|
||||
root@mydev:~# **ps ax**
|
||||
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
|
||||
1 ? Ss 0:00 /sbin/init
|
||||
...
|
||||
427 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/cloud-init modules --mode=f
|
||||
430 ? S 0:00 /bin/sh -c tee -a /var/log/cloud-init-output.log
|
||||
431 ? S 0:00 tee -a /var/log/cloud-init-output.log
|
||||
432 ? S 0:00 /usr/bin/apt-get --option=Dpkg::Options::=--force-con
|
||||
437 ? S 0:00 /usr/lib/apt/methods/http
|
||||
438 ? S 0:00 /usr/lib/apt/methods/http
|
||||
440 ? S 0:00 /usr/lib/apt/methods/gpgv
|
||||
570 ? Ss 0:00 bash
|
||||
624 ? S 0:00 /usr/lib/apt/methods/store
|
||||
625 ? R+ 0:00 ps ax
|
||||
root@mydev:~#
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
We connected quite quickly, and **ps ax** shows that the package update is indeed taking place! We can get the full output at /var/log/cloud-init-output.log and in there,
|
||||
```
|
||||
Generating locales (this might take a while)...
|
||||
es_ES.UTF-8... done
|
||||
Generation complete.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The locale got set. The **root** user keeps having the **C.UTF-8** default locale. It is only the non-root account **ubuntu** that gets the new locale.
|
||||
```
|
||||
Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
|
||||
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]
|
||||
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Here is **apt update** that is required before installing packages.
|
||||
```
|
||||
The following packages will be upgraded:
|
||||
libdrm2 libseccomp2 squashfs-tools unattended-upgrades
|
||||
4 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
|
||||
Need to get 211 kB of archives.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Here is runs **package_upgrade: true** and installs any available packages.
|
||||
```
|
||||
The following NEW packages will be installed:
|
||||
binutils build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc gcc-5
|
||||
libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This is from our instruction to install the **build-essential** meta-package.
|
||||
|
||||
What about the **runcmd** instruction?
|
||||
```
|
||||
root@mydev:~# **ls -l /tmp/**
|
||||
total 1
|
||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 3 15:23 simos_was_here
|
||||
root@mydev:~#
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It worked as well!
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
When we launch LXD containers, we often need some configuration to be enabled by default and avoid repeated actions. The way to solve this, is to create LXD profiles. Each profile captures those configurations. Finally, when we launch the new container, we specify which LXD profile to use.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://blog.simos.info/how-to-preconfigure-lxd-containers-with-cloud-init/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Simos Xenitellis][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://blog.simos.info/author/simos/
|
||||
[1]:http://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/lxc/lxd/blob/master/doc/cloud-init.md
|
||||
[3]:http://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/modules.html#runcmd
|
||||
[4]:https://paste.ubuntu.com/26313399/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
|
||||
如何使用cloud-init来预配置LXD容器
|
||||
======
|
||||
当你正在创建LXD容器的时候，你希望它们能被预先配置好。例如在容器一启动就自动执行 **apt update**来安装一些软件包，或者运行一些命令。
|
||||
这篇文章将讲述如何用[**cloud-init**][1]来对[LXD容器进行进行早期初始化][2]。
|
||||
接下来，我们将创建一个包含cloud-init指令的LXD profile，然后启动一个新的容器来使用这个profile。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何创建一个新的LXD profile
|
||||
|
||||
查看已经存在的profile：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ lxc profile list
|
||||
+---------|---------+
|
||||
| NAME | USED BY |
|
||||
+---------|---------+
|
||||
| default | 11 |
|
||||
+---------|---------+
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我们把名叫default的profile复制一份，然后在其内添加新的指令：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ lxc profile copy default devprofile
|
||||
|
||||
$ lxc profile list
|
||||
+------------|---------+
|
||||
| NAME | USED BY |
|
||||
+------------|---------+
|
||||
| default | 11 |
|
||||
+------------|---------+
|
||||
| devprofile | 0 |
|
||||
+------------|---------+
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我们就得到了一个新的profile： **devprofile**。下面是它的详情：
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
$ lxc profile show devprofile
|
||||
config:
|
||||
environment.TZ: ""
|
||||
description: Default LXD profile
|
||||
devices:
|
||||
eth0:
|
||||
nictype: bridged
|
||||
parent: lxdbr0
|
||||
type: nic
|
||||
root:
|
||||
path: /
|
||||
pool: default
|
||||
type: disk
|
||||
name: devprofile
|
||||
used_by: []
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
注意这几个部分： **config:** ， **description:** ， **devices:** ， **name:** 和 **used_by:**，当你修改这些内容的时候注意不要搞错缩进。（译者注：因为这些内容是YAML格式的，缩进是语法的一部分）
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何把cloud-init添加到LXD profile里
|
||||
|
||||
[cloud-init][1]可以添加到LXD profile的 **config** 里。当这些指令将被传递给容器后，会在容器第一次启动的时候执行。
|
||||
下面是用在示例中的指令：
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
package_upgrade: true
|
||||
packages:
|
||||
- build-essential
|
||||
locale: es_ES.UTF-8
|
||||
timezone: Europe/Madrid
|
||||
runcmd:
|
||||
- [touch, /tmp/simos_was_here]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**package_upgrade: true** 是指当容器第一次被启动时，我们想要**cloud-init** 运行 **sudo apt upgrade**。
|
||||
**packages:** 列出了我们想要自动安装的软件。然后我们设置了**locale** and **timezone**。在Ubuntu容器的镜像里，root用户默认的 locale 是**C.UTF-8**，而**ubuntu** 用户则是 **en_US.UTF-8**。此外，我们把时区设置为**Etc/UTC**。
|
||||
最后，我们展示了[如何使用**runcmd**来运行一个Unix命令][3]。
|
||||
|
||||
我们需要关注如何将**cloud-init**指令插入LXD profile。
|
||||
|
||||
我首选的方法是：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ lxc profile edit devprofile
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
它会打开一个文本编辑器，以便你将指令粘贴进去。[结果应该是这样的][4]：
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
$ lxc profile show devprofile
|
||||
config:
|
||||
environment.TZ: ""
|
||||
user.user-data: |
|
||||
#cloud-config
|
||||
package_upgrade: true
|
||||
packages:
|
||||
- build-essential
|
||||
locale: es_ES.UTF-8
|
||||
timezone: Europe/Madrid
|
||||
runcmd:
|
||||
- [touch, /tmp/simos_was_here]
|
||||
description: Default LXD profile
|
||||
devices:
|
||||
eth0:
|
||||
nictype: bridged
|
||||
parent: lxdbr0
|
||||
type: nic
|
||||
root:
|
||||
path: /
|
||||
pool: default
|
||||
type: disk
|
||||
name: devprofile
|
||||
used_by: []
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何使用LXD profile启动一个容器
|
||||
|
||||
使用profile **devprofile**来启动一个新容器：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ lxc launch --profile devprofile ubuntu:x mydev
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然后访问该容器来查看我们的的指令是否生效：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ lxc exec mydev bash
|
||||
root@mydev:~# ps ax
|
||||
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
|
||||
1 ? Ss 0:00 /sbin/init
|
||||
...
|
||||
427 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/cloud-init modules --mode=f
|
||||
430 ? S 0:00 /bin/sh -c tee -a /var/log/cloud-init-output.log
|
||||
431 ? S 0:00 tee -a /var/log/cloud-init-output.log
|
||||
432 ? S 0:00 /usr/bin/apt-get --option=Dpkg::Options::=--force-con
|
||||
437 ? S 0:00 /usr/lib/apt/methods/http
|
||||
438 ? S 0:00 /usr/lib/apt/methods/http
|
||||
440 ? S 0:00 /usr/lib/apt/methods/gpgv
|
||||
570 ? Ss 0:00 bash
|
||||
624 ? S 0:00 /usr/lib/apt/methods/store
|
||||
625 ? R+ 0:00 ps ax
|
||||
root@mydev:~#
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果我们连接得够快，通过**ps ax**将能够看到系统正在更新软件。我们可以从/var/log/cloud-init-output.log看到完整的日志：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Generating locales (this might take a while)...
|
||||
es_ES.UTF-8... done
|
||||
Generation complete.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
以上可以看出locale已经被更改了。root 用户还是保持默认的**C.UTF-8**，只有非root用户**ubuntu**使用了新的locale。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Hit:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
|
||||
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]
|
||||
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
以上是安装软件包之前执行的**apt update**。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
The following packages will be upgraded:
|
||||
libdrm2 libseccomp2 squashfs-tools unattended-upgrades
|
||||
4 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
|
||||
Need to get 211 kB of archives.
|
||||
```
|
||||
以上是在执行**package_upgrade: true**和安装软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
The following NEW packages will be installed:
|
||||
binutils build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc gcc-5
|
||||
libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl
|
||||
```
|
||||
以上是我们安装**build-essential**软件包的指令。
|
||||
|
||||
**runcmd** 执行的结果如何？
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
root@mydev:~# ls -l /tmp/
|
||||
total 1
|
||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 3 15:23 simos_was_here
|
||||
root@mydev:~#
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
可见它已经生效了！
|
||||
|
||||
### 结论
|
||||
|
||||
当我们启动LXD容器的时候，我们常常需要默认启用一些配置，并且希望能够避免重复工作。通常解决这个问题的方法是创建LXD profile，然后把需要的配置添加进去。最后，当我们启动新的容器时，只需要应用该LXD profile即可。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://blog.simos.info/how-to-preconfigure-lxd-containers-with-cloud-init/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Simos Xenitellis][a]
|
||||
译者：[kaneg](https://github.com/kaneg)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://blog.simos.info/author/simos/
|
||||
[1]:http://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/lxc/lxd/blob/master/doc/cloud-init.md
|
||||
[3]:http://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/modules.html#runcmd
|
||||
[4]:https://paste.ubuntu.com/26313399/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user