document/TranslateProject
2
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject into translating

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
geekpi 2022-04-21 09:44:55 +08:00
commit 4b1eac714c
9 changed files with 803 additions and 409 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

87
sources/news/20220420 AlmaLinux 9.0 Beta Is Here, Ready to Replace to RHEL 9.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
[#]: subject: "AlmaLinux 9.0 Beta Is Here, Ready to Replace to RHEL 9"
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/almalinux-9-0-beta-release/"
[#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
AlmaLinux 9.0 Beta Is Here, Ready to Replace to RHEL 9
======
AlmaLinux, the popular enterprise Linux distro, has just announced its 9.0 Beta release to keep up with the upstream, i.e. RHEL 9.
Just to give you some context, AlmaLinux was introduced in the early 2021 to replace the then recently discontinued CentOS. One of its main goals was to be a drop-in replacement for RHEL, specifically needing to be 100% binary compatible.
Not to forget, AlmaLinux is free, making it [one of the best RHEL alternatives][1].
As to be expected with a stability-focused distro, it doesn’t have many new features. It does, however, have quite a few package updates, which we will be looking at here.
Let’s take a look!
### What’s New?
As an RHEL clone, it inherits almost all the features of the RHEL 9.0 Beta.
* [Linux kernel 5.14][2]
* SELinux performance improvements
* Updated packages
#### Linux Kernel 5.14
Definitely, the largest upgrade, Linux Kernel 5.14 brings newer hardware support among a variety of other improvements. Although not particularly relevant to the target audience of AlmaLinux, it did include a hot-unplug feature for Radeon cards that I appreciate.
Other than that, it was a pretty minor release, with its biggest selling point perhaps being that it was [released right after the 30th anniversary of Linux][2].
#### Improved SELinux Performance
![][3]
SELinux has always resulted in a slight performance hit, as with all security measures. While this has been mostly minimal, it could always have been improved, which seems to have happened in this release.
As demonstrated in a Red Hat [blog post][4], some of these performance improvements are quite significant. As can be seen, from the above graph, the performance of SELinux in Linux kernel 5.14 (blue) is significantly better than Linux kernel 5.6 (red) in the displayed metrics.
Overall, the performance has improved, to include the overhead (~30 MB to ~15 MB) and the file creation time (~55 ms to ~44 ms).
#### Updated Packages
This release comes with a boatload of package updates. Some of the more significant ones include Git 2.31, PHP 8.0, Perl 5.32, and MySQL 8.0. GCC has also been updated to its 11.2 release.
The result of all this should be better compatibility with more modern standards.
There were also packages that were removed in comparison to the upstream. For a full list of changes, please refer to the [official release notes][5].
### Wrapping Up
Overall, AlmaLinux 9.0 is shaping up to be quite a nice release, especially seeing the improvements in this beta release.
AlmaLinux 9.0 Beta is available for architectures including x86_64, aarch64, ppc64le, and s390x. If you want to try out AlmaLinux 9.0 beta, head to its website from the button below.
[AlmaLinux 9.0 Beta][6]
Note that it is not ready for production servers and is only meant for testing.
_Are you going to be switching from CentOS to AlmaLinux? Let us know in the comments below!_
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/almalinux-9-0-beta-release/
作者：[Jacob Crume][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/rhel-based-server-distributions/
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kernel-5-14-release/
[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9Ijc2OCIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMjQiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+
[4]: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/improving-performance-and-space-efficiency-selinux
[5]: https://wiki.almalinux.org/release-notes/9.0-beta.html
[6]: https://mirrors.almalinux.org/isos.html

303
sources/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md
View File

@ -1,303 +0,0 @@
[#]: subject: (Getting Started With Markdown [Beginner’s Guide])
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/)
[#]: author: (Bill Dyer https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/)
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (hwlife)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
Getting Started With Markdown [Beginner’s Guide]
======
In my work, I often have to write code, write the documentation that goes with that code, create Web pages, and work on text restoration projects, and have written several formal papers while I was in school. I can include class notes here, too; I needed to write them for nearly every class.
I use Markdown for nearly all of my writing and it is a major time-saver for me.
In this article, I am going to share my experience with Markdown. You’ll be learning the following:
* What is Markdown?
* How does it work?
* Markdown basic syntax and how to use them
### What is Markdown?
If you are new to Markdown, it is a text-to-HTML conversion tool for web writers. Markdown files follow a specific syntax that is easy to read and just as easy to write. They are plain text files so they can be created using any text editor on any computer. These files can then be turned into Web pages – and Web pages are built using a markup called HTML.
Markdown then, is just a way to create Web pages without the need (or even know how) to write HTML code. Actually, Markdown is an great way to format plain text even if you don’t have to convert to HTML. Someone once described Markdown to me this way:
> “It isn’t _what you see is what you get_, but _what you see is what you mean_”.
Markdown, however, is more than an easy formatting scheme, it is also a software tool that converts the plain text formatting to HTML.
This is why the syntax is important. If you want a title on your Web page, Markdown will create one based on the character(s) you use in front of your title. A sampling of some of Markdown’s syntax is shown this screenshot:
![Markdown to HTML conversion][1]
### So how do I make this plain text to HTML conversion?
John Gruber’s Markdown is a Perl script that is run on the command line. Basically, it reads the Markdown text that you create and builds a Web page from it.
I will avoid the command line here since there are [many outstanding Markdown editors][2] that can do this conversion for you. Not only that, many of these editors will let you write your text and show you what the Web page will look like (called _rendering_) at the same time.
Markdown editors are generally set up to show two frames. The left frame is where you write your text and the right frame shows you what the formatted text will look like in HTML:
![Most Markdown editors have two panes to write and preview the text][3]
When you are finished with your text and are happy with it, simply save the Markdown file. This way, you’ll always have it in case you need to edit or rewrite later. Once the file is saved, you can have the editor export the markdown file to HTML.
The editor will create the Web page, using your Markdown as a reference. Your Markdown file will not be changed during an export – you will still have it – along with a separate, newly created HTML (Web page) file that you can put on a Web server.
**Note**: Many Markdown editors can also export your Markdown files to other formats, such as `.doc`, `.docx`, and `.pdf`. You can learn about those advanced setups, and extra software you might need, later on.
### Basic Markdown Syntax
To get the new Markdown user up to speed quickly, I will limit this to cover the syntax I use most often. These, I believe will be the most helpful – you can be productive now while you learn more about what Markdown can do for you later on.
#### Write Headings
I normally use `#` characters to denote headings. There are six levels:
```
# Level 1 Heading
## Level 2 Heading
### Level 3 Heading
#### Level 4 Heading
##### Level 5 Heading
###### Level 6 Heading
```
There is another heading style that uses lines underneath the text. I rarely use this type of heading since I am limited to only two. A double line, which is made with the `=` character, makes a `H1` heading. A single line, made with the `-` character, makes a `H2` heading:
```
Level 1 Heading
===============
Level 2 Heading
---------------
```
![][4]
#### Paragraphs
Paragraphs are separated by a blank line (make sure that there is a blank line between paragraphs). Do not indent the first line at all. Indenting with a `<Tab>` or `<spaces>` has a different purpose in Markdown.
A paragraph is a block of text and should not be indented with spaces or tabs. It can have one line or many lines. To end a paragraph and start a new one, the `<Enter>` key is hit twice; paragraphs are separated by a blank line.
![][5]
#### Line Breaks
Remember that with paragraphs, a blank line has to separate them and this is done by pressing twice on the `<Enter>` key. Markdown is strict about it.
Markdown does not support “hard-wrapped” or “fixed-line-length” paragraphs. That is, hitting the `<Enter>` key once will not force text to a new line. It may appear so in the editing window, but the HTML won’t show it.
Yet, there will be times when you may need to break up paragraphs with some way to break up a line. Markdown does have a way to do this but it may seem a little strange at first: **a line break is made by ending a line with two or more spaces and then hitting the `<Enter>` key once.**
![][6]
Here is a working example of a short verse. Each line has two spaces at the end. The last line, since it’s the end of the verse, doesn’t have the extra spaces. Since it’s the end of the verse (paragraph), I hit the `<Enter>` key twice:
Baa, baa black sheep,
Have you any wool?.
Yes, sir. Yes, sir.
Three bags full.
Adding two spaces at the end of a line, to create a line break, can take some getting used to.
![][7]
#### Horizontal Rules
Horizontal rules are great for splitting up text into sections.
Use three or more dashes `-`, underscores `_`, or asterisks `*` for horizontal rules, like so:
```
`---`
`***`
`___`
```
You can even put spaces between the characters:
```
`- - -`
```
I do not use horizontal rules very often in articles or papers, but they come in handy for me in journal entries, system logs, and class notes.
![][8]
#### Emphasis on text with bold and italics
When you want a word or phrase to stand out and be noticed, you can either make it bold or italicized. Italics and bold text can be made on one of two ways. The first is by surrounding the text with asterisks `*`, while the second is to use underscores `_`.
To italicize a word or phrase, surround the text with one underscore or asterisk. To make a word or phrase bold, surround it with two underscores or asterisks:
```
This is *italics* made with asterisks.
This is _italics_ made with underscores.
This is **bold** made with asterisks.
This is __bold__ made with underscores.
```
Remember to use the same character. An asterisk on one side of a word or phrase, and an underscore on the side, will not work. The same character has to be on both sides of the word or phrase.
![][9]
#### Block quotes
Block quotes are used for direct quotes. If you were writing a blog entry and you wanted to repeat something that Benjamin Franklin said, you could use a block quote.
A right angle bracket is used to specify a block quote:
```
> This is a block quote.
>> Use two right angle brackets if you want a block quote that is further indented.
```
![][10]
#### Adding links in Markdown
Links are just plain cool. There are three ways to create links on basic Markdown, but I will only cover two here: Regular links and automatic links.
The third type of link, called reference links, are supported in basic Markdown and more advanced flavors. I want to get to started quickly. You can look up reference links when you are ready for that.
Regular links let you link to various websites. The name of the site, or a phrase you want to use, is placed in square brackets `[]`. The actual link is inside parentheses `()`.
```
Visit [It's FOSS](https://itsfoss.com) today!
```
Automatic links are made with angle brackets `<>` surrounding the link. The link is an actual address (either a Web or email address). The link is spelled out and, when it is converted to HTML, the spelled out link becomes a working link.
```
<http://automatic-link-to-url.com/>
<[email protected]>
```
This is useful for when you want to spell out the address in your text:
![][11]
#### Adding images in Markdown
Links to images are almost identical to links to Web sites. The small difference between site links and images, is that image links begin with a bang (exclamation point) `!`
The name of the image, or a descriptive phrase of the image, is placed in square brackets `[]`. The actual link is inside parentheses `()`.
You can embed images like so:
```
![alternate text](./images/image.jpg)
```
Here’s an example image link. It is a sample link, with no image, but it is a decent sample of how an actual link might look like:
```
![a picture of bill](./images/my_photo_of_me.jpg)
```
![][12]
#### Lists
Lists are made for many reasons. They can be used as ‘things to do’ items, topic elements in an outline, parts lists in an assembly project, and so on. There are two main types of lists: unordered and ordered.
Unordered lists are not numbered; these are the ‘bullet items’ we see in many documents. Ordered lists are numbered.
To create an ordered (numbered) list, just begin each line with a number, like so:
```
1. Item one.
2. Item two.
3. Item three.
```
Unordered lists are not numbered, but use either an asterisk `*`, a plus sign `+`, or a minus sign `-` at the beginning of each item on the list. I prefer to use either an asterisk or minus sign, but you get to choose:
```
* Item one.
+ Item two.
- Item three.
```
Sub-items can be added to both ordered and unordered lists by indenting, like so:
```
1. Item 1
1. Sub-item 1
2. Sub-item 2
2. Item 2
3. Item 3
```
![][13]
### Markdown syntax cheat sheet
For your reference, here is a short listing of Markdown syntax that has been covered in this small introduction.
If you decide to adopt it as a writing tool, you’ll find that Markdown has the means to simplify writing even more.
![][14]
[Download Markdown Cheat Sheet in PDF format][15]
### Conclusion
Markdown can do more than what I have described here. A huge percentage of my writing can be accomplished with the Markdown syntax I have covered here – and these are the items I use most often even in more complex projects.
If all of this seems too simple, it really is that easy. Markdown was built to simply the writing task, but you don’t have to take my word for it. Try it out! There is no need to install a Markdown editor; you can do this online. There are several [good online Markdown editors][16]. Here are three that I prefer:
John Gruber’s [Dingus][17], [Editor.md][18], and [Dillinger][19]. Editor.md and Dillinger will let you see your Markdown rendered as HTML in real time. Dingus doesn’t preview in real time, but there is a Markdown syntax cheat sheet on the page for reference.
![][20]
Try out some of the examples in this article on either of these online editors. Try out some of your own ideas, too. This will let you get used to Markdown before possibly committing to learn more about it.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/
作者：[Bill Dyer][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/retext_window_showing_syntax_and_preview-2.png?resize=800%2C429&ssl=1
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/best-markdown-editors-linux/
[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ghostwriter_two_frames-1.png?resize=800%2C458&ssl=1
[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/1_md_headings_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C485&ssl=1
[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2_md_paragraphs_example_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1
[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/3_md_line_break_fail_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1
[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/4_md_line_break_success_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/5_md_horizontal_rules_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C326&ssl=1
[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/6_md_emphasis_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1
[10]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/7_md_blockquotes_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1
[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/8_md_links_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C678&ssl=1
[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/9_md_images_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1
[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/10_md_lists_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1
[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/markdown-syntax-cheatsheet.png?resize=727%2C743&ssl=1
[15]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y-Qz9PX_2HksEG5D_WwN-asNB-tpjZHV/view?usp=sharing
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/online-markdown-editors/
[17]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/dingus
[18]: http://editor.md.ipandao.com/en.html
[19]: https://dillinger.io/
[20]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/editor-md_page_in_browser-1.png?resize=800%2C505&ssl=1

2
sources/tech/20220415 3-2-1 Backup plan with Fedora ARM server.md
View File

@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/3-2-1-backup-plan-with-fedora-arm-server/"
[#]: author: "Hanku Lee https://fedoramagazine.org/author/hankuoffroad/"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: translator: "hwllife"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "

74
sources/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md
View File

@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
[#]: subject: "Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System"
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/disable-animations-cinnamon-desktop/"
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System
======
Let’s face it.
Cinnamon is already a lightweight desktop environment when compared to the likes of GNOME. But it may not be as light on resources as Xfce.
If you have a system which is low on hardware and you want a little bit of performance boost without switching to an alternative desktop environment (DE) like Xfce or window manager (WM) like [Sway][1] or [Fluxbox][2].
Let me share a neat little trick that should help you speed up Linux Mint but only slightly.
### Disabling animation effects in Cinnamon desktop
_**First thing first, you must not expect a drastic improvement in overall desktop performance with this trick. Here’s why!**_
These animations or effects (as it is called in Mint) are noticed when you open, close applications windows, use the menu, have dialogue box popped up etc. Since these events do not happen continuously, you don’t get a constant boost.
Disabling these effects may help reduce the stutters if your system is really struggling. In those cases, every single bit helps. Let’s see how to do this!
Open the menu and look for effects here.
![Accessing Effects settings in Linux Mint Cinnamon][3]
It opens the ‘effects’ settings window and you’ll be at the ‘Enable Effects’ tab. You’ll have the options to disable (or enable) various available animation effects here.
![Disable animations in cinnamon Linux Mint Cinnamon Desktop][4]
You can choose to disable some or all effects.
If you go to the Customize tab, you can customize various effects you saw in the ‘Enable Effects’ tab.
![Customizing window animation Cinnamon in Linux mint][5]
The first column is the name of the effect, second one is the type of animation, third one is how the animation progresses and in the last one, you can configure how long the animation will take to complete.
If you select None, easeNone and 0 duration, it is equivalent to disabling the effect. Though, using the disable option in the other tab is an easier option.
### Is it worth the effort?
I wrote this tip because a reader asked if it was possible to customize Cinnamon and disable the animations.
Quite honestly, it doesn’t take much effort and it doesn’t make much difference. You’ll hardly notice the visual impacts or even the performance improvements.
However, if your system is struggling a lot, every tiny bit helps. You can also try using lightweight applications that consume fewer system resources. That may also help you a bit.
Do you have any similar small, ninja tips? Do share with me in the comment sections.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/disable-animations-cinnamon-desktop/
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/sway-window-manager/
[2]: http://fluxbox.org/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/accessing-effects-settings-mint-cinnamon-800x630.png
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/disable-animations-cinnamon-Linux-mint-800x466.png
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/customize-window-animation-cinnamon-linux-mint-800x571.png

113
sources/tech/20220420 Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
[#]: subject: "Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details"
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-studio-22-04-lts/"
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details
======
A LIST OF NEW FEATURES AND ENHANCEMENTS OF THE UBUNTU STUDIO 22.04 LTS
“JAMMY JELLYFISH”.
[Ubuntu Studio][1] is the official Ubuntu flavour dedicated to the creators who mainly work with photographs, audio and video. This official distribution brings almost all popular open-source creative software pre-loaded in its ISO image to give you a ready and stable system to kick start your professional work.
![Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS Desktop][2]
### Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS – New Features
Like all the official Ubuntu flavours, Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS is based on [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS “Jammy Jellyfish][3]“.The Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS powers Ubuntu Studio 22.04, a stable Kernel for all the current range of modern hardware lineups.
Most creative work usually happens in high-end and modern machines; hence the Kernel version is significant in Ubuntu Studio. The [Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS][4] supports Intel and AMD’s current CPU and GPU lineups. For example, this Kernel brings AMD PTDMA driver for high-bandwidth I/O operations and many more essential updates, which are significant for creative work in modern hardware.
In addition to that, the customised [KDE Plasma 5.24][5] with KDE Framework 5.92 brings a friendly user interface with Ubuntu Studio’s native dark theme and icon theme. The KDE Plasma desktop is tweaked with a top panel with shortcuts and necessary system tray widgets to make all the professional work more streamlined.
Moreover, if you are migrating from Ubuntu Studio 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa to this version, KDE Plasma is a new desktop that the user will experience. Because Ubuntu Studio 20.04 LTS was the last version with the Xfce desktop environment. And since then, Ubuntu Studio has moved on to the KDE Plasma desktop environment for better modern tech and performance support.
#### Application Stack
The application stack of Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS brings the latest stable releases. The Studio Controls (a native control centre for Ubuntu Studio) bumped to version 2.3.0 with improved mixers and plugins with bug fixes.
![Studio Controls][6]
In addition to that, the graphics, video and audio software suite are updated with their latest stable versions. Moreover, you may notice a massive upgrade of features and enhancements if you do a feature comparison with the last LTS release. Mainly for Blender, KDenlive and Ardour, because these super impressive open-source applications are very active in development.
[][7]
SEE ALSO:   Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details
However, this is not the complete list of the major ones we put up here.
* Blender v3.0.1 (3D computer graphics)
* KDenlive v21.12.3 (Video editor)
* Krita v5.0.2 (Raster graphics drawing and animation)
* Gimp v2.10.24 (Raster graphics drawing)
* Ardour v6.9 ([Digital audio workstation][8])
* Scribus v1.5.7 (Desktop publishing)
* Darktable v3.6.0 (RAW image and photographs management)
* Inkscape v1.1.2 (Vector graphics editor)
* Carla v2.4.2 (Audio plugin host)
* Studio Controls v2.3.0 (Audio manager and control)
* OBS Studio v27.2.3 (Streaming application)
* MyPaint v2.0.1 (Simple drawing)
Besides, one of the significant changes in Jammy Jellyfish is the introduction of [Pipewire][9] 0.3.48 (compared to Focal Fossa). This modern audio and video streaming server tech will help many users with advanced audio controls. But it may require command line tweaks to manage it. I am not sure whether the Studio team would bring additional settings in the Studio Control utility in the future to manage Pipewire.
Finally, the newly designed logo from the Ubuntu Studio team aligning with Canonical’s branding looks impressive and stands out in this release.
![Ubuntu Studio New Logo][10]
### Download and Upgrade
All the above suite of applications makes the Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS ISO size to whooping 4GB+ (it won’t fit in a single DVD, use USB). If you want to try it out, you can download the BETA image using the link below.
[ubuntustudio-22.04-beta-dvd-amd64.iso][11]
[ubuntustudio-22.04-beta-dvd-amd64.iso.torrent][12] (Torrent)
A word of caution if you plan to upgrade from Ubuntu Studio 20.04 LTS to this new version. Because of the desktop environment change from Xfce to KDE Plasma, you should not upgrade from Ubuntu Studio 20.04 LTS to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. It is not supported.
Instead, you should go ahead with a fresh installation. It may be a bit complex and challenging to do a fresh install because you already have a system set up with many plugins, settings and established workflow for your audio and video work. But I would recommend it because this allows you to clean up and start fresh with Ubuntu Studio 22.04 LTS with a new set of applications and desktop environment.
_Via [release notes][13]._
_Feature image by [Milad Fakurian][14] on Unsplash._
* * *
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][15], [Twitter][16], [YouTube][17], and [Facebook][18] and never miss an update!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/ubuntu-studio-22-04-lts/
作者：[Arindam][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://ubuntustudio.org/
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Studio-22.04-LTS-Desktop-1024x631.jpg
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/kde-plasma-5-24-review/
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Studio-Controls-1024x453.jpg
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2018/08/3-best-daw-digital-audio-workstation-apps-ubuntu-linux/
[9]: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pipewire/pipewire
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ubuntu-Studio-New-Logo.jpg
[11]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntustudio/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntustudio-22.04-beta-dvd-amd64.iso
[12]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntustudio/releases/22.04/beta/ubuntustudio-22.04-beta-dvd-amd64.iso.torrent
[13]: https://ubuntustudio.org/ubuntu-studio-22-04-lts-release-notes/
[14]: https://unsplash.com/@fakurian
[15]: https://t.me/debugpoint
[16]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
[17]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
[18]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint

196
sources/tech/20220421 Ubuntu 20.04 vs 22.04- What Has Changed Between the Two LTS Releases.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
[#]: subject: "Ubuntu 20.04 vs 22.04: What Has Changed Between the Two LTS Releases?"
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-vs-22-04/"
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Ubuntu 20.04 vs 22.04: What Has Changed Between the Two LTS Releases?
======
Ubuntu 20.04 was an impressive release with a [list of exciting features][1].
Even with GNOME 3.36 on board, we had a fair share of visual upgrades. Now, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS comes packed with GNOME 42. So, naturally, there should be a variety of visual refinements.
Not just limited to the look and feel, [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS has numerous interesting features][2] to offer as well.
Here, I try to compare the feature offerings between the two to help you decide if you should upgrade.
### 1\. Support Lifespan
Undoubtedly, both being LTS ([Long-Term Release][3]) versions, you can pick any of them and still be able to use them for a couple of years, at the very least.
To be accurate, Ubuntu 22.04 will be supported with maintenance updates for **five years** until **April 2027**.
And, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS will be supported until **2025**, meaning, you have **three more years** of software update support.
### 2\. Logo and Branding
Ubuntu’s branding focused on a purple accent for some elements like toggles, sliders, etc. on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
However, with Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, they focused on a different accent color with changes to the icon theme as well.
Not to forget, the [new Ubuntu 22.04 logo looks weird][4], and as of now, we do not have a proper logo file available to use on images.
The logo associated with Ubuntu 20.04 was clean, without any solid rectangle structure attached to it.
![][5]
Accordingly, the boot animation has changed as well, reflecting the latest branding.
### 3\. Accent Color Selection
With Ubuntu 20.04, you couldn’t select custom accent colors. You had to stick with the default or customize things yourself with [GNOME Tweaks][6].
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(Appearance setting\)][7]
However, that changes with Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, you can finally [select additional accent colors in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][8].
### 4\. Wallpapers
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(Desktop featuring default wallpapers\)][9]
It is obvious to expect a new wallpaper that reflects the name of the Ubuntu upgrade.
Ubuntu 22.04 is code named as “**Jammy Jellyfish**“, so the new wallpaper illustrates the same beautifully:
On the other hand, Ubuntu 20.04 is code named “**Focal Fossa**”, which refers to a cat-like predator based found in Madagascar.
Both have similar color combinations, but I tend to like the new one.
### 5\. Log in Screen and Lock screen
As per the changes to the default theme and accent colors, the choices for the log-in and lock screen have differences.
Both of the lock screens offer a blurred view of the default wallpapers, with Ubuntu 20.04 turning out to be darker than Ubuntu 22.04.
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(Lockscreen\)][10]
The log in screen is entirely different in Ubuntu 22.04 with a black background, here’s how it looks:
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(Log in screen\)][11]
### 6\. Appearance Settings &amp; Dark Mode Improvements
Ubuntu 20.04 did feature a dark mode to keep up with modern standards. With Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, the dark mode has improved to provide you with a complete system-wide dark mode experience.
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(Appearance settings\)][12]
Along with the new dark mode implementation, you get to see an entire revamp for the appearance settings, giving you more options in an organized manner.
Furthermore, you can notice that Ubuntu 22.04 LTS no longer features the standard theme, so it’s either entirely light or dark.
### 7\. GNOME 42 and the horizontal layout
Ubuntu 20.04 makes use of GNOME 3.36.8 to provide a stable experience without a lot of appearance tweaks.
But, all thanks to GNOME 42, the dark mode improvements, appearance tweaks, it’s all part of the [GNOME 42 features][13].
Not just the visual changes, but the entire workflow should feel a bit different with the revamped activities view, app menu, and further adjustments:
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(Activities\)][14]
The three finger swipe also provides a smooth and rich experience for accessing the activity overview.
Ubuntu 22.04 did not implement the horizontal dock. But, it’s still a significant change to offer something different for a good user experience.
The application menu also looks a tad different, including the virtual desktops in the same view compared to Ubuntu 20.04.
![Ubuntu 20.04 vs Ubuntu 22.04 \(App menu\)][15]
### 8\. Multitasking Capabilities
Ubuntu 22.04 now includes a dedicated menu in the system settings to facilitate enhancements to multitasking with the use of Hot Corner, Screen Edges, Workspace tweaks, and more.
![][16]
You do not find these options with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
### 9\. Linux kernel version
Ubuntu 22.04 features multiple Linux Kernel versions as per the product. Ubuntu 22.04 Desktop uses [Linux Kernel 5.17][17].
The desktop version also uses a rolling HWE kernel for previous-gen hardware based on Linux Kernel 5.15, to exist until the first point release.
Ubuntu 22.04 server uses non-rolling Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS.
On the other hand, Ubuntu 20.04.4, features [Linux Kernel 5.13][18] at the time of writing this.
### 10\. Shrinking the Dock in Ubuntu 22.04
Surprisingly, you can shrink the dock on Ubuntu 22.04 to change the default look. You need to disable the “Panel” mode under the Dock settings in Appearance tweaks, as shown in the image below:
![][19]
It may not be a massive change, but some do appreciate a compact dock, instead of having the dock stick to the entire left side of the screen, ditching the Unity-type look.
### 11\. Screenshot tool
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS utilized GNOME’s screenshot tool to get things done. It was a simple and effective tool.
![][20]
With GNOME 42 on board, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS has the latest screenshot tool and received upgrades to its UI with a modern layout, and the ability to record the screen as well.
### 12\. File Manager
The file manager has a refreshed look/feel compared to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. Of course, the standard theme on Ubuntu 20.04 can no longer be seen with Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, so that’s a part of the visible change.
![][21]
### 13\. Software Center
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS features an improved software center that provides you more information on the software, clarifying the ratings, project details, download size, status, and more.
![][22]
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS did have improvements to it back then, but it is a simpler software center comparatively.
![Ubuntu 22.04 LTS \(Software Center\)][23]
### Wrapping Up
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS is certainly a major overhaul in terms of user experience compared to Ubuntu 20.04.
Some changes may not be as functional as they look, so as per your preferences, it is best to evaluate your requirements if you want to switch to the latest Ubuntu 22.04 LTS or stick to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.
What do you think about the difference between the two LTS releases? Are the differences compelling enough for you to switch? Let me know your thoughts in the comments section below.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-vs-22-04/
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-20-04-release-features/
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release-features/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/long-term-support-lts/
[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-new-logo/
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cof_orange_hex.jpg
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/gnome-tweak-tool/
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-appearance.jpg
[8]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-accent-color/
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-desktop.jpg?ssl=1
[10]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-lockscreen-1.png?ssl=1
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/login-screen.png
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-dark-mode.jpg
[13]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-42-features/
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-activities.jpg
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-application-view.jpg
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-multitasking.jpg
[17]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-17-release/
[18]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-kernel-5-13-release/
[19]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-dock-shrink.jpg
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-screenshot.jpg
[21]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/filemanager.jpg
[22]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-20-04-software-center.jpg
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ubuntu-22-04-software.jpg

59
sources/tech/20210126 Automate setup and delivery for virtual machines in the cloud.md → translated/tech/20210126 Automate setup and delivery for virtual machines in the cloud.md
View File

@ -7,36 +7,36 @@
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/1/testcloud-virtual-machines)
[#]: author: (Sumantro Mukherjee https://opensource.com/users/sumantro)
Automate setup and delivery for virtual machines in the cloud
在云上自动化设置和交付虚拟机
======
Get a cloud image ready in minutes by using Testcloud to automate the
setup process and deliver a VM ready to run.
在几分钟之内准备好一个云镜像，通过使用 Testcloud 自动化设置过程并交付一个准备运行的虚拟机。
![Looking at a map][1]
If you're a developer or hobbyist using a Fedora [qcow2 image][2] for the cloud, you always have to do a bunch of initial configuration before an image is ready to use. I know this all too well, and I was eager to find a way to make the setup process simpler. As it happens, the entire Fedora quality assurance team feels the same way, so we developed [Testcloud][3].
如果你是一个在云上使用 Fedora [qcow2 镜像][2] 的开发者或者爱好者，在一个镜像准备使用之前，你总是不得不做一大堆初始化设置。我太清楚了，并且我渴望找到一种使设置过程更加简单的方法。碰巧，整个 Fedora 质量保证团队有同感，所以我们开发了 [Testcloud][3] 。
Testcloud is a tool that makes it easy to get a cloud image ready for testing in minutes. It automates the setup process and delivers a virtual machine (VM) ready to run on the cloud with just a few commands. 
Testcloud 是一个轻松的在几分钟之内准备云镜像测试的工具。它用几个命令在云上自动化设置并交付准备运行的虚拟机 (VM) 。
Testcloud:
1. Downloads the qcow2 image
2. Creates the instance with the name of your choice
3. Creates a user named `fedora` with the password of `passw0rd`
4. Assigns an IP, which you can later use to secure shell (SSH) into the cloud
5. Starts, stops, removes, and lists an instance
1. 下载 qcow2 镜像
2. 用你选择的名称创建实例
3. 创建一个密码为 `passw0rd` ，用户名为 `fedora` 的用户
4. 分配一个 IP 地址，以便于你之后用安全 shell (SSH) 登录到云上。
5. 启动， 停止，删除和列出一个实例
### Install Testcloud
### 安装 Testcloud
To start your journey, you first must install the Testcloud package. You can install it from a terminal or through the software application. In both cases, the package name is `testcloud`. Install with:
要开始你的过程，首先你必须安装 Testcloud 软件包。你可以通过终端或者软件程序来安装它。在这两种情况下，软件包的名字都是 `testcloud` 。用以下命令安装：
```
`$ sudo dnf install testcloud -y`
```
Once the installation is complete, add your desired user to the `testcloud` group, which helps Testcloud automate the rest of the process. Execute these two commands to add your user to the `testcloud` group and restart the session with the updated group privileges:
一旦安装完成，添加你要添加的用户到 `testcloud` 用户组，协助 Testcloud 完成设置过程的剩余部分。执行这两个命令添加你的用户到 `testcloud` 用户组，并通过提升组权限重启会话：
```
@ -44,28 +44,26 @@ $ sudo usermod -a -G testcloud $USER
$ su - $USER
```
![Add user to testcloud group][4]
![添加用户到 testcloud 组][4]
(Sumantro Mukherjee, [CC BY-SA 4.0][5])
### Spin cloud images like a pro
Once your user has the required group permissions, create an instance:
### 像老手一样玩转云镜像
一旦你的用户获得了组权限，创建一个实例：
```
`$ testcloud instance create <instance name> -u <url for qcow2 image>`
```
Alternatively, you can use `fedora:latest/fedora:XX` (where `XX` is your Fedora release) instead of the full URL:
或者，你可以使用 `fedora:latest/fedora:XX` ( `XX` 是你的 Fedora 发行版本) 来代替 URL 完成地址：
```
`$ testcloud instance create <instance name> -u fedora:latest`
```
This returns the IP address of your VM:
这将返回你的 VM 的 IP 地址：
```
$ testcloud instance create testcloud272593 -u <https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/33/Cloud/x86\_64/images/Fedora-Cloud-Base-33-1.2.x86\_64.qcow2>  
@ -78,10 +76,9 @@ ssh fedora@192.168.122.202
\------------------------------------------------------------
```
You can log in as the default user `fedora` with the password `passw0rd` (note the zero). You can get to the VM with `ssh`, `virt-manager`, or any other method that supports connecting to libvirt machines.
Another simple way to create a Fedora cloud is:
你可以使用密码为 `passw0rd` (注意这个 0 ) 用户名为 `fedora` 的默认用户来登录。你可以使用 `ssh` 协议登录到 VM ，<ruby>`virt-manager`<rt>虚拟机管理器</rt></ruby> ，或者支持连接到 libvirt 虚拟机的其他方式。
另一种创建 Fedora 云的方式是：
```
$ testcloud instance create testcloud193 -u fedora:33
@ -103,11 +100,11 @@ ssh fedora@192.168.122.225
\------------------------------------------------------------
```
### Play with instances
### 玩转实例
Testcloud can be used to administer instances. This includes activities such as listing images or stopping and starting an instance.
Testcloud 可以用来管理实例。这包括像列出镜像或者停止和启动一个实例等活动。
To list instances, use the `list` subcommand:
要列出实例，使用 `list` 子命令：
```
@ -120,7 +117,7 @@ testcloud252793                 192.168.122.146         shutoff  
testcloud93                             192.168.122.152         shutoff
```
To stop a running instance:
要停止一个运行的实例：
```
@ -129,7 +126,7 @@ DEBUG:stop instance: testcloud193
DEBUG:stopping instance testcloud193.
```
To remove an instance:
要删除一个实例：
```
@ -140,7 +137,7 @@ DEBUG:Unregistering instance from libvirt.
DEBUG:removing instance /var/lib/testcloud/instances/testcloud193 from disk
```
To reboot a running instance:
要重启一个运行中的实例：
```
@ -152,7 +149,7 @@ The IP of vm testcloud93:  192.168.122.152
usage: testcloud [-h] {instance,image} ...
```
Give Testcloud a try and let me know what you think in the comments.
尝试一下 Testcloud ，在评论中让我知道你的想法。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -160,7 +157,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/1/testcloud-virtual-machines
作者：[Sumantro Mukherjee][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

306
translated/tech/20210424 Getting Started With Markdown -Beginner-s Guide.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
[#]: subject: (Getting Started With Markdown [Beginner’s Guide])
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/)
[#]: author: (Bill Dyer https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/)
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (hwlife)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
开始使用 Markdown [初学者指南]
======
在我的工作中，我经常要写代码，写与代码相配套的文档，创建网页，进行文本恢复项目，我在学校的时候还写过几篇正式的论文。我也在这写课堂笔记，几乎每节课都写。
我几乎在我所有的写作中都使用 Markdown,它对我来说是一个节省时间的好工具。
在这篇文章中，我将分享我使用 Markdown 的体会。你将会了解一下内容：
* 什么是 Markdown ？
* 它是怎么工作的？
* Markdown 的基本语法和怎样使用它们。
### 什么是 Markdown ？
假如你是 Markdown 新手，它是一个为网络写手转换文本到 HTML 格式的工具。Markdown 文档按照特定的语法让人容易阅读和写作。它们是纯文本，所以能够通过电脑上的任何文本编辑器来创建。然后这些文档能够转换成网页 —— 网页通过使用一个叫做 HTML 的语言标记而创建。
Markdown只是一种不必 (即使知道怎么做) 写 HTML 代码就能够创建网页的方式。实际上，如果你不转换成 HTML 的话，Markdown甚至是个纯文本格式化的好方法。有人曾这样对我描述 Markdown ：
> “ 它不是 _你看到的就是你得到的，而是 _你看到的是你想到的_ ”.
然而，Markdown不只是一个简单的格式化体系，它也是一个纯文本格式转化到 HTML 的一个软件工具。
这就是为什么语法是重要的了。如果你想在网页上起个标题，Markdown 将会基于你标题前面的字符来创建。Markdown　的一些语法示例如截图所示：
![Markdown to HTML conversion][1]
### 所以我怎样才能使纯文本文件转换成 HTML 格式呢?
John Gruber 的 Markdown 是一个运行在命令行上的 Perl 脚本。也就是说，它可以读取你创建的的 Markdown 文本并用它来构建网页。
由于有 [许多著名的编辑器][2] 可以为你做这个转换，我在这里尽量避免使用命令行。不止这些，许多编辑器会让你写的文本通过网页实时显示给你看 (被称为 _渲染_) 。
Markdown 编辑器总的来说设置了两个结构。左边部分是你要写你文本的地方，右边部分是用 HTML 语言显示给你格式化后文本的样子：
![Most Markdown editors have two panes to write and preview the text][3]
当你用它完成你的写作并喜欢上使用它时，只需简单的保存 Markdown 文件。就像这样，之后一旦你需要编辑和修改的时候，你总是会想起它。文件保存后，你可以用编辑器将 Markdown 文档导出为 HTML 格式的文档。
编辑器将会创建网页，用你的 Markdown 作为参考。你的 Markdown 文档在导出时不会修改，你仍然可以拥有源文档，同时创建一个独立的，新的 <ruby>HTML<rt>网页</rt></ruby> 文档，你可以把它放到一个网页服务器上。
**注意**: 许多 Markdown 编辑器也可以将你的 Markdown 文档导出为其他格式，比如 `.doc`, `.docx`, and `.pdf`。之后你可以了解这些高级设置和你可能需要的额外软件。
### Markdown 基础语法
为了让 Markdown 新用户快速了解，我将有限的讲解我经常使用的的语法。我相信这些将是最有帮助的 - 当你了解更多关于 Markdown 能为你做什么之后，可以马上提高你的生产力。
#### 写标题
我经常使用 `#` 字符来表示标题。这里有六个等级：
```
# 一级标题
## 二级标题
### 三级标题
#### 四级标题
##### 五级标题
###### 六级标题
```
另一种标题类型是在文本下使用下划线。我很少使用这种类型的标题，因为我只限于使用两种。一种是使用 `=`字符表示的双下划线，生成 `H1` 标题。一种是使用 `-` 字符表示的单下划线，生成 `H2` 标题：
```
一级标题
===============
二级标题
---------------
```
![][4]
#### 段落
段落被空行隔开(确保段落之间有一个空行)。首行不要缩进。在 Markdown 里用 <ruby>`<Tab>`<rt>Tab键</rt></ruby> 或者 <ruby>`<spaces>`<rt>空格键</rt></ruby> 缩进有着不懂的目的和作用。
段落是一个文本块，不应该用空格键和 tab 键来缩进。它可以有一行或者多行。要结束这一段另起一段，点两下 <ruby>`<Enter>`<rt>回车键</rt></ruby> ；段落通过一个空行分开。
![][5]
#### 换行
记住一个空行将段落分开通过按下两次 <ruby>`<Enter>`<rt>回车键</rt></ruby> 。关于这个 Markdown 是有严格标准的。
Markdown 不支持 <ruby>“hard-wrapped”<rt>强制插入换行符</rt></ruby> 或者 <ruby>“fixed-line-length”<rt>固定行长度</rt></ruby> 段落。那就是说，单击 <ruby>`<Enter>`<rt>回车键</rt></ruby> 一次将不会强制文本换到新的一行。它可能在编辑窗口显示，但是 HTML 格式下不显示。
然而，有时你可能需要拆分段落或者换行。Markdown 确实有一种方法可以做到，但是它起先看起来可能有一点陌生：**换行是通过点击两到多个空格键然后点一次 <ruby>`<Enter>`<rt>回车键</rt></ruby> 完成的。**
![][6]
这里有一个小节的范例。每行以两个空格结束。最后一行，由于是这个小节的结束，没有额外的空格。因为它是这个小节(段落)的结束，我双击 <ruby>`<Enter>`<rt>回车键</rt></ruby> 两次：
Baa, baa black sheep,
Have you any wool?.
Yes, sir. Yes, sir.
Three bags full.
在一行的最后加两个空格，去创建一个换行，可能需要时间去习惯。
![][7]
#### 水平线
水平线非常适合将文本拆分为多个部分。
用三个或更多的破折号 `-` ，下划线 `_` ，或者星号 `*` 来做水平线，像这样：
```
`---`
`***`
`___`
```
你甚至可以在字符之间输入空格：
```
`- - -`
```
在文章和报告中我不经常使用水平线，但是在日记账中，系统日志和课堂笔记中对我很有用。
![][8]
#### 用加粗和斜体来强调文本
当你想让一个单词或者短语脱颖而出，引起注意，你可以让它加粗或者斜体显示。斜体和加粗文本可以在两种方式中任选其一。第一种是用星号 `*` 将其包括，第二种是用下划线 `_` 的方式。
使一个单词或者短语斜体显示，用一个下划线或者星号来括住文本。是一个单词或者短语加粗，使用两个下划线或者星号来括住文本：
```
用星号来显示斜体 *italics* 。
用下划线来显示斜体 _italics_ 。
用星号来显示加粗 **bold** 。
用下划线来显示加粗 __bold__ 。
```
记住两边使用相同的字符。单词或短语的一面是星号，另一面是下划线，将不会生效。相同字符必须在单词或者短语的两边。
![][9]
#### 块引用
块引用被用来直接引用。如果你正在写博客，你想重复本杰明富兰克林说过的话，你可以使用块引用。
一个右尖括号被用来指定块引用：
```
> 这是块引用。
>> 如果你想进一步再次块引用，使用两个右尖括号。
```
![][10]
#### 在　Markdown　添加超链接
超链接非常酷。在基础　Markdown　语言有三种方式创建超链接，在这里我只讲两种：常规连接和自动连接。
第三种链接被称为参考链接，在　Markdown　语言的基础和高级风格都支持。我想快速的开始。你可以在准备好的时候查找参考链接。
常规链接可以让你链接到各种各样的网站。网站名称或者你要使用的短语被放置在中括号 `[]`　中。真实的链接地址在小括号　`()`　中。
```
Visit [It's FOSS](https://itsfoss.com) today!
```
自动连接通过用尖括号 `<>`　括住链接地址。这个链接是一个真实的地址　(可以是网址或者电子邮件地址)。链接拼写出来并转换到　HTML　的时候，拼写出的链接就变成了有效的链接。
```
<http://automatic-link-to-url.com/>
<[email protected]>
```
当你想在文本中拼写出地址时，这很有用：
![][11]
#### 在　Markdown 中添加图片
链接图片几乎与链接网站等同。网站链接和图片链接微小的不同是，图片链接以 <ruby>exclamation point<rt>感叹号</rt></ruby> `!` 开始。
图片名称或者图片描述放置在中括号 `[]` 里。真实链接放置在小括号 `()` 里。
你可以像这样嵌入图片：
```
![alternate text](./images/image.jpg)
```
这儿有一个示例图像链接。这是一个示例链接，没有图片，但是这是个好例子，显示了真实链接应该有的样子：
```
![a picture of bill](./images/my_photo_of_me.jpg)
```
![][12]
#### 列表
制作列表有多个原因。它们可能用来作为 <ruby>‘things to do’<rt>代办事项</rt></ruby>，大纲中的主题元素，部分项目中的明细栏等等。列表有两种主要类型：无序列表和有序列表。
无序列表没有编号；这些就是我们在许多文档中所看到的 <ruby>‘bullet items’<rt>项目符号</rt></ruby> 。有序列表是有编号的。
要创建一个有序(有编号的)列表，只需在每行用一个数字开始，像这样：
```
1. 项目 一.
2. 项目 二.
3. 项目 三.
```
无序列表没有编号，但要在列表每个项目的开始使用一个星号 `*` ，一个加号 `+` ，或者一个减号 `-` 。我偏向于使用一个星号或者减号，你可以选择适合你的：
```
* Item one.
+ Item two.
- Item three.
```
子项目可以通过缩进被添加到有序和无序列表中，像这样：
```
1. 项目 1
1. 子项目 1
2. 子项目 2
2. 项目 2
3. 项目 3
```
![][13]
### Markdown 语法备查表
这是一个简短的 Markdown 语法列表为你作为参考，这个列表已经在本小结中介绍。
如果你决定使用 Markdown 作为写作工具，你会发现 Markdown 会让写作变得更加简单。
![][14]
[Download Markdown Cheat Sheet in PDF format][15]
### 结语
Markdown 可以做比我描述的更多的事情。我写作的很大比例是用我在这里介绍的 Markdown 语法完成的 - 并且我在更复杂的项目中经常用这些项目。
如果所有这些看起来很简单，那么它真的很容易。Markdown 用来完成简单的写作任务，但是你不必完全听我的。你可以尝试一下！不必安装 Markdown 编辑器；你可以在线尝试。这里有几个 [优秀的在线 Markdown 编辑器][16]。这里我喜欢用这三个：
John Gruber’s [Dingus][17] ， [Editor.md][18] ，[Dillinger][19]。 Editor.md 和 Dillinger 会让你看到你的 Markdown 文本作为 HTML 实时渲染的效果。 Dingus 不能够实时预览，但是在参考页有 Markdown 的语法备查表。
![][20]
用以上这些在线编辑器尝试一下文章中的示例。也可以尝试一下你自己的想法。这可以让你在可能更加深入了解它之前，习惯的使用 Markdown 。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/
作者：[Bill Dyer][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/bill/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/retext_window_showing_syntax_and_preview-2.png?resize=800%2C429&ssl=1
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/best-markdown-editors-linux/
[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ghostwriter_two_frames-1.png?resize=800%2C458&ssl=1
[4]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/1_md_headings_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C485&ssl=1
[5]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2_md_paragraphs_example_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1
[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/3_md_line_break_fail_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C593&ssl=1
[7]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/4_md_line_break_success_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/5_md_horizontal_rules_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C326&ssl=1
[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/6_md_emphasis_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1
[10]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/7_md_blockquotes_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C393&ssl=1
[11]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/8_md_links_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C678&ssl=1
[12]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/9_md_images_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1
[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/10_md_lists_vscodium.png?resize=800%2C725&ssl=1
[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/markdown-syntax-cheatsheet.png?resize=727%2C743&ssl=1
[15]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y-Qz9PX_2HksEG5D_WwN-asNB-tpjZHV/view?usp=sharing
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/online-markdown-editors/
[17]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/dingus
[18]: http://editor.md.ipandao.com/en.html
[19]: https://dillinger.io/
[20]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/editor-md_page_in_browser-1.png?resize=800%2C505&ssl=1

72
translated/tech/20220416 Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
[#]: subject: "Disable Animations in Cinnamon Desktop to Slightly Speed Up Your Linux Mint System"
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/disable-animations-cinnamon-desktop/"
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
禁用 Cinnamon 桌面的动画以略微加速你的 Linux Mint 系统
======
让我们面对现实吧。
与 GNOME 等相比，Cinnamon 已经是一个轻量的桌面环境了。虽然它占用的资源可能没有 Xfce 那么低。
不过，如果你有一个硬件不足的系统，并且你想要提升一点性能，而不用切换到 Xfce 等替代性桌面环境（DE）或 [Sway][1]、[Fluxbox][2] 等窗口管理器（WM）的话，我这里倒是有一个实用小技巧可以分享给你。它应该帮助你加快 Linux Mint 的速度，虽然只能够加快一点点。
### 禁用 Cinnamon 桌面的动画效果
_**首先，你一定不要指望用这个小技巧来大幅提高整体桌面性能。原因如下：**_
当你打开/关闭应用程序窗口、使用菜单、弹出对话框等时，你会注意到这些<ruby>动画<rt>animations</rt></ruby>或<ruby>效果<rt>effects</rt></ruby>。由于这些事件都是短暂的，不会持续运行，因此禁用它们并不能得到很大提升。
如果你的系统真的在崩溃的边缘挣扎，禁用这些效果可能有助于减少卡顿。真的到了这种时候，能快一点是一点。让我们来看看该怎么做吧！
首先，打开菜单，搜索<ruby>效果<rt>effects</rt></ruby>。
![打开 Linux Mint Cinnamon 的效果设置][3]
打开“效果”设置窗口，你默认会在“<ruby>启用效果<rt>Enable Effects</rt></ruby>”这个标签页中。你可以在这里选择禁用（或启用）各种可用的动画效果。
![禁用 Linux Mint Cinnamon 桌面的动画][4]
你可以选择禁用部分或全部效果。
如果你切换到<ruby>自定义<rt>Customize</rt></ruby>标签页，你可以自定义你在”<ruby>启用效果<rt>Enable Effects</rt></ruby>“标签页中看到的各种效果。
![自定义 Linux Mint Cinnamon 中的窗口动画][5]
第一栏是效果的名称，第二栏是动画的类型，第三栏是动画的展示方式，在最后一栏，你可以配置动画完成的时间。
如果你选择了 None、easeNone 和 0 duration，就相当于禁用了这个效果。不过，使用另一个标签中的禁用选项是一个更简单的选择。
### 值得这样做吗？
我写这个小技巧的原因是，有读者问我能否定制 Cinnamon 并禁用动画。
说实话，这并不费什么劲，而且做了之后也没有多大区别。你几乎不会注意到视觉上的影响，更别说是性能上的改进了。
但是，如果你的系统正处于挣扎状态，每一个微小的优化都会有帮助。你也可以尝试使用消耗较少系统资源的轻量级应用程序。这或许对你也有一点帮助。
你有任何类似的优化小技巧吗？请在评论区和大家分享吧！
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/disable-animations-cinnamon-desktop/
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/sway-window-manager/
[2]: http://fluxbox.org/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/accessing-effects-settings-mint-cinnamon-800x630.png
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/disable-animations-cinnamon-Linux-mint-800x466.png
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/customize-window-animation-cinnamon-linux-mint-800x571.png