diff --git a/translated/tech/20210812 A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners.md b/published/20210812 A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners.md similarity index 59% rename from translated/tech/20210812 A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners.md rename to published/20210812 A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners.md index 40c2498a02..a4607fb8ed 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20210812 A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners.md +++ b/published/20210812 A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners.md @@ -3,16 +3,18 @@ [#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14445-1.html" Linux 终端新手指南 ====== -学习 Linux 终端命令、参数的区别，以及如何使用它们来控制你的计算机。 -![橙色背景的终端命令提示符][1] -距离我的住处几条街远的地方，有一家咖啡馆，我在每个周日都会去那里参加固定的 “龙与地下城Dungeons & Dragons, D&D” 游戏。他们有一份菜单，前几次我去点餐时，我总是要翻看好几分钟，才能确定要点些什么。熟悉了之后，我就不用看菜单了，因为我清楚地知道他们在卖什么，也清楚地知道自己想要什么。现在点餐对我来说很简单，只要说一声“老规矩”就好了，接下来就是等待一杯咖啡、一碗薯片和烤饼被送来（通常在我们 做出决定roll for initiative「译者注：这是 D&D 玩家的黑话，它指的是在比赛开始前掷骰子的行为」的那一刻，员工都不大方便，但这也不是他们的问题）。 +> 学习 Linux 终端命令、参数的区别，以及如何使用它们来控制你的计算机。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/08/113632ayyp77duejmdyrj8.jpg) + +距离我的住处几条街远的地方，有一家咖啡馆，我在每个周日都会去那里参加固定的 “龙与地下城Dungeons & Dragons”（D&D） 游戏。他们有一份菜单，前几次我去点餐时，我总是要翻看好几分钟，才能确定要点些什么。熟悉了之后，我就不用看菜单了，因为我清楚地知道他们在卖什么，也清楚地知道自己想要什么。现在点餐对我来说很简单，只要说一声“老规矩”就好了，接下来就是等待一杯咖啡、一碗薯片和烤饼被送来（通常不方便的是，在我们 做出决定roll for initiative 的那一刻，但这也不是他们的问题）。（LCTT 译注：做出决定roll for initiative 是 D&D 玩家的黑话，它指的是在比赛开始前掷骰子的行为） 与餐厅的菜单类似，计算机的图形界面也为用户提供了操作选项。这里有图标、窗口和按钮，你可以搜索你想要的东西，点击项目，拖动其他项目，操纵图形界面，直到你的任务完成。不过，一段时间后，这可能会变得繁琐，甚至是效率低下。既然你清楚地知道需要做什么，那么，如果只需告诉计算机你想要发生什么，无需耗费大量的体力和脑力来搜索项目、舞动鼠标，就能达到目的，岂不是更好吗？ @@ -20,24 +22,23 @@ Linux 终端新手指南 Linux 终端是一个基于文本的交互界面，它是用来控制 Linux 计算机的。虽然它只是帮助 Linux 用户完成任何特定任务的众多工具之一，但是它被广泛地认为是最有效的方法。除了编写代码，这无疑是最直接的方法。事实上，它是如此受欢迎，以至于苹果公司将操作系统的基础改为 Unix，从而获得了 [Bash 和 Z shell][2]，而微软公司开发了它自己的开源命令行 [PowerShell][3]。 -### What is a Linux command? ### Linux 命令是什么 -**命令commands** 是一种特殊的关键词，你可以在终端中使用它，告诉计算机去执行一个动作。大多数命令是很小的应用程序，它们与你的操作系统的其他部分一起安装。你可能没有意识到它们的存在，因为它们通常被保存在相对模糊的目录中，如 `/bin`、`/sbin`、`/usr/bin` 和 `/usr/sbin`，但你的终端知道在哪里可以找到它们（多亏了一个叫 [PATH][4] 的东西）。其他的命令是内置在终端中的。你不必担心一个命令是安装的还是内置的，无论是哪一种，终端都能执行。更棒的是，在大多数 Linux 发行版上，当终端找不到一个命令时，它会在互联网上搜索提供该命令的软件包，然后会主动为你提供安装软件包、运行该命令的服务。 +命令commands 是一种特殊的关键词，你可以在终端中使用它，告诉计算机去执行一个动作。大多数命令是很小的应用程序，它们与你的操作系统的其他部分一起安装。你可能没有意识到它们的存在，因为它们通常被保存在相对模糊的目录中，如 `/bin`、`/sbin`、`/usr/bin` 和 `/usr/sbin`，但你的终端知道在哪里可以找到它们（多亏了一个叫 [PATH][4] 的东西）。其他的命令是内置在终端中的。你不必担心一个命令是安装的还是内置的，无论是哪一种，终端都能执行。更棒的是，在大多数 Linux 发行版上，当终端找不到一个命令时，它会在互联网上搜索提供该命令的软件包，然后会主动为你提供安装软件包、运行该命令的服务。 下面是一个简单的命令： -```shell +``` $ ls ``` -`ls` 命令是 "list" 的缩写，它会列出当前目录的内容。试一试吧！先打开一个终端窗口，然后打开一个文件管理器窗口（Linux 上叫 “文件Files”，macOS 上叫 “访达Finder”，Windows 上叫 “资源管理器Windows Explorer”）。比较一下这两个窗口，它们是同一数据的两种不同表现方式。 +`ls` 命令是 “list” 的缩写，它会列出当前目录的内容。试一试吧！先打开一个终端窗口，然后打开一个文件管理器窗口（Linux 上叫 “文件Files”，macOS 上叫 “访达Finder”，Windows 上叫 “资源管理器Windows Explorer”）。比较一下这两个窗口，它们是同一数据的两种不同表现方式。 ### Linux 命令中的参数是什么 -**参数argument** 是命令中的任意一个“不是命令本身”的部分。例如，要列出一个特定目录的内容，你可以提供该目录的名称作为参数。 +参数argument 是命令中的任意一个“不是命令本身”的部分。例如，要列出一个特定目录的内容，你可以提供该目录的名称作为参数。 -```shell +``` $ ls Documents ``` @@ -45,28 +46,27 @@ $ ls Documents ### Linux 命令中的选项是什么 -命令的 **选项options**，也叫 **标志flags** 或 **开关switches**，它是命令参数的一部分。命令参数是跟在命令后面的任何东西，而选项通常（但不总是）用一个连接号-或两个连接号--来划分。请看下面这个例子： +命令的 选项option，也叫 标志flag 或 开关switch，它是命令参数的一部分。命令参数是跟在命令后面的任何东西，而选项通常（但不总是）用一个连接号（`-`）或两个连接号（`--`）来划分。请看下面这个例子： - -```shell +``` $ ls --classify Documents ``` 在这个例子中，`--classify` 是一个选项。它也有一个简短的版本，因为终端用户更喜欢少打点字来提高效率。 -```shell +``` $ ls -F Documents ``` -短的选项通常可以合并。下面是一个 `ls` 命令，它将 `-l` 选项与 `--human-readable`、`--classify` 和 `--ignore-backups` 选项结合了起来： +短的选项通常可以合并。下面是一个 `ls` 命令，它将 `-l` 选项与 `--human-readable`（`-h`）、`--classify`（`-F`） 和 `--ignore-backups`（`-B`） 选项结合了起来： -```shell +``` $ ls -lhFB ``` 一些选项本身可以带参数。例如，`ls` 的 `--format` 选项可以让你改变信息的呈现方式。默认情况下，目录的内容是以列的形式提供给你的，但如果你需要它们显示为逗号分隔的列表，你可以把 `--format` 设置为 `comma`。 -```shell +``` $ ls --format=comma Documents alluvial, android-info.txt, arduinoIntro, dmschema, headers.snippet, twine, workshop.odt @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ headers.snippet, twine, workshop.odt 等于号（`=`）是可选的，所以这样做也可以: -```shell +``` $ ls --format comma Documents alluvial, android-info.txt, arduinoIntro, dmschema, headers.snippet, twine, workshop.odt @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-terminal 作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 @@ -111,11 +111,11 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-terminal [2]: https://opensource.com/business/16/3/top-linux-shells [3]: https://opensource.com/article/18/2/powershell-people [4]: https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux -[5]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/linux-terminal-basics-see-what-files-are-your-computer +[5]: https://linux.cn/article-13669-1.html [6]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/linux-terminal-basics-opening-and-closing-directories [7]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-moving-around-your-computer -[8]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-moving-files-linux-terminal +[8]: https://linux.cn/article-13677-1.html [9]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-rename-file-linux-terminal [10]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-copying-files-linux-terminal -[11]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-removing-files-and-folders-linux-terminal +[11]: https://linux.cn/article-13687-1.html [12]: https://opensource.com/downloads/bash-scripting-ebook \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20220114 Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script -Complete Guide.md b/published/20220114 Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script -Complete Guide.md similarity index 53% rename from translated/tech/20220114 Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script -Complete Guide.md rename to published/20220114 Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script -Complete Guide.md index cc57f71913..0f162609d7 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220114 Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script -Complete Guide.md +++ b/published/20220114 Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script -Complete Guide.md @@ -3,43 +3,44 @@ [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "hwlife" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14444-1.html" -用archinstall自动化脚本安装Arch Linux [完全指南] +用 archinstall 自动化脚本安装 Arch Linux ====== -在这篇指南中，我们解释了使用自动化脚本 archinstall 安装 ArchLinux 的超级容易的方法。 -适合初学者到高级用户。 -对许多新用户来说，安装 ArchLinux 仍然是一件头疼的事情。它需要命令行，Linux系统的内部工作机制包括启动引导过程，内核和　Grub　概念等大量的知识。对许多人来说并不知道这些知识。但是新用户仍然想要安装和体验　ArchLinux　。 +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/08/084638i8vp81c1zpxpw6i8.jpg) -我个人感觉在计算机年代，操作系统的安装应该是简单的事情。对于最终用户安装系统应该尽可能的简单。毕竟，所有操作系统的存在只有一个目的　－　帮助最终用户执行某些任务并协助他们。　 +> 在这篇指南中，我们解释了使用自动化脚本 `archinstall` 安装 Arch Linux 的超级容易的方法。适合初学者到高级用户。 + +对许多新用户来说，安装 Arch Linux 仍然是一件头疼的事情。它需要命令行，以及包括启动引导过程、内核和 Grub 概念在内的 Linux 系统的内部工作机制等大量的知识。对许多人来说并不知道这些知识。但是新用户仍然想要安装和体验 Arch Linux 。 + +我个人感觉在计算机年代，操作系统的安装应该是简单的事情。对于最终用户安装系统应该尽可能的简单。毕竟，所有操作系统的存在只有一个目的 —— 帮助最终用户执行某些任务并协助他们。　 ### archinstall 自动化脚本是什么？ -也就是说，不久前我们讨论过在裸机上安装 ArchLinux 。从那以后，ArchLinux团队想出了一个叫做 [archinstall][1] 自动化和交互脚本。如今用这个脚本安装 ArchLinux 是一件容易的事情，任何人都能够完成。 +话说，不久前我们讨论过在裸机上安装 Arch Linux。从那以后，Arch Linux 团队弄出来了一个叫做 [archinstall][1] 自动化和交互脚本。如今用这个脚本安装 Arch Linux 是一件容易的事情，任何人都能够完成。 -这就导致我们使用这个叫做 archinstall 的自动化脚本，于是就有了 ArchLinux 安装指南的打算。 +这就让我们有了使用这个叫做 `archinstall` 的自动化脚本撰写这篇 Arch Linux 安装指南的打算。 让我们开始吧。 ### 使用 archinstall 脚本安装 Arch Linux 的指南 -我将这个指南分为三个部分。第一部分是下载 Arch Linux的 .ISO 文件，创建一个磁盘引导分区。第二部分是实际安装，最后是用一个实例桌面来最终配置。 - +我将这个指南分为三个部分。第一部分是下载 Arch Linux 的 .ISO 文件，创建一个磁盘引导分区。第二部分是实际安装，最后是用一个示例桌面来完成配置。 #### 第一部分：下载 .ISO 文件 访问以下链接。下载 Arch Linux 的 .ISO 文件。你能够用一个直接的 HTTP 地址下载或者使用种子/磁力链接下载文件。 -[Download Arch Linux][2] +> [下载 Arch Linux][2] -一旦下载完成，用 [Etcher][3] 或者其他的工具创建一个可启动的U盘。 +一旦下载完成，用 [Etcher][3] 或者其他的工具创建一个可启动的 U 盘。 -完成以后，插入U盘并且重启计算机。 +完成以后，插入 U 盘并且重启计算机。 -你开始下一部分之前，确定你连接了互联网。一般来说，如果你是有线网，那就很好。如果你在 Arch 就要通过命令行 – [遵从本指南][4] 配置 Wi-Fi。只要确保你已经连接到互联网就行。 +你开始下一部分之前，确定你连接了互联网。一般来说，如果你是有线网，那就很好。如果你在 Arch 就要通过命令行配置 Wi-Fi，请 [遵从此指南][4]。只要确保你已经连接到互联网就行。 #### 第二部分：使用 archinstall 安装 @@ -47,75 +48,64 @@ ![First prompt for archinstall][5] -这个命令将会验证网络连接是否连接到 Arch Linxu 的镜像。一旦完成，一系列问题(像这样)将会弹出。你需要做的将是阅读和回复。 +这个命令将会验证网络连接是否连接到 Arch Linux 的镜像站点。一旦完成，就会弹出一系列（像这样的）问题。你需要做的将是阅读和回复。 所以，对这个指南来说，我给出了让你开始的最基础和最容易的一种方法。如果你足够自信，你也可以尝试其他选择。但是我建议遵循以下概述的基本选择，下次你在尝试其他的选择。 够公平吧？OK。 -因此，第一个问题是键盘布局类型。通过两个字节国家特定布局代码来显示。你也可以键入它们或者输入它们边上的数字。对于美国-英语来说，我键入 us 。 +因此，第一个问题是键盘布局类型。通过两个字节国家特定布局代码来显示。你也可以键入它们或者输入它们边上的数字。对于美国-英语来说，我键入 `us` 。 ![Keyboard Type – archinstall][6] -下一步是键盘语言，我键入数字 65 选择美国。 - +下一步是键盘语言，我键入数字 `65` 选择美国。 ![Keyboard Language – archinstall][7] -下一个是硬盘驱动器部分。这个脚本自动探测你的目标系统的可用驱动器。举个例子，在以下图片中，它显示 17GB /dev/vda 是一个主要的块设备。这就是我要安装系统的地方。不要跳过这个步骤。 +下一个是硬盘驱动器部分。这个脚本自动探测你的目标系统的可用驱动器。举个例子，在以下图片中，它显示 17GB `/dev/vda` 是一个主要的块设备。这就是我要安装系统的地方。不要跳过这个步骤。 -[][8] +在这个指南中，我键入数字 `2` 选中 `/dev/vda` 块设备。请根据你们每人的系统键入相应的数字。 -另见 ：怎样在 Arch Linux上安装 Cinnamon 桌面 - -在这个指南中，我键入数字 2 选中 /dev/vda 块设备。然后，根据你们每人的系统键入相应的数字。 - -一旦你做完这步，你应该在设置这个设备的边上看到一个双箭头 >> 。如果你已经选中它，按下回车键进入下一步。 +一旦你做完这步，你应该在设置这个设备的边上看到一个双箭头 `>>`。如果你已经选中它，按下回车键进入下一步。 ![Choose Block Device -1][9] ![Choose Block Device -2][10] -在下一个选项中，你要小心。这个脚本问是否你想清除设备然后进行自动分区。否则你要手动分区硬盘驱动器。为了简单起见，我选择 0 选项。 +在下一个选项中，你要非常小心。这个脚本问是否你想清除设备然后进行自动分区。否则你要手动分区硬盘驱动器。为了简单起见，我选择选项 `0`。 ![Select partition option – archinstall][11] -在下组问题中，如下图所示。更多的是文件系统类型，主机名，根用户密码，等等。按照屏幕上的操作。便于帮助你，我已经在下表中加入了用于本指南的问题和答案。 - +在下面一组问题中，如下图所示。更多的是文件系统类型、主机名、root 用户密码，等等。按照屏幕上的操作。便于帮助你，我已经在下表中加入了用于本指南的问题和答案。 问题 | 选项 ---|--- -问题 | 选项 -选择主要的文件系统 | ext4 -你想用 zram 作为交换分区吗？| n -键入磁盘加密密码 |保留为空直接按下回车 +选择主要的文件系统 | `ext4` +你想用 zram 作为交换分区吗？| `n` +键入磁盘加密密码 | 保留为空直接按下回车 主机名或计算机名 | 键入你要键入的名字 -键入根密码 | 键入你要键入的密码 -键入程序预配置文件名 – -0 – 桌面 -1 – 最小化 -2 – 服务器 -3 – xorg | 选择 3 – xorg +键入 root 密码 | 键入你要键入的密码 +键入程序预配置文件名：0 – 桌面；1 – 最小化；2 – 服务器；3 – xorg | 选择 `3` xorg 安装显卡驱动 | 根据你的系统选择数字。否则缺省不选按下回车键 -安装声卡驱动| 选择 pulseaudio +安装声卡驱动 | 选择 `pulseaudio` ![Various options in archinstall -1][12] -在选择内核，选择linux的下个问题里。这个脚本将要为你安装你额外添加的软件包 - 像 firefox ，nano ，等等。 +在选择内核的下个问题里，选择 `linux`。这个脚本将要为你安装你额外添加的软件包，像 firefox、nano ，等等。 -用 NetworkManager 选择网络接口，并且为时区选择缺省选项。 +用 NetworkManager 选择网络接口，并且为时区选择缺省选项。 ![Various options in archinstall -2][13] -就是这样。一旦你已经完成上述步骤，这个脚本将会生成并且等待你按下回车开始安装过程。 +就是这样。一旦你已经完成上述步骤，这个脚本将会生成，并且等待你按下回车开始安装过程。 ![archinstall starts downloading packages][14] -等待直到步骤完成。这将花一些时间下载安装所有软件包，这依赖你的系统和网络连接速度。有时 Arch 镜像是慢的，所以等待直到它完成。 +等待直到这一步骤完成。这将花一些时间下载安装所有软件包，这依赖你的系统和网络连接速度。有时 Arch 镜像是缓慢的，所以等待直到它完成。 #### 第三部分 - 安装桌面环境 -当你用以上方法安装完基本系统以后，你可以安装像 GNOME，KDE Plasma，MATE，Xfce 等额外的桌面环境。我们在以下页面中为它们每个都提供了安装指南。你可以访问你选择的桌面环境安装页面并且直接跳到这些页面底部提取安装桌面环境的命令。 +当你用以上方法安装完基本系统以后，你可以安装像 GNOME、KDE Plasma、MATE、Xfce 等额外的桌面环境。我们在以下页面中为它们每个都提供了安装指南。你可以访问你选择的桌面环境安装页面，并且直接跳到这些页面底部提取安装桌面环境的命令。 * [Xfce][15] * [GNOME][16] @@ -123,44 +113,30 @@ * [Cinnamon][8] * [LXQt][18] - 举个例子，如果你想要安装 GNOME 桌面基本套件，你可以简单的运行以下命令来安装。 - ``` - - sudo pacman -S --needed gnome gnome-tweaks nautilus-sendto gnome-nettool gnome-usage gnome multi-writer adwaita-icon-theme chrome-gnome-shell xdg-user-dirs-gtk fwupd arc-gtk-theme seahosrse gdm firefox gedit - +sudo pacman -S --needed gnome gnome-tweaks nautilus-sendto gnome-nettool gnome-usage gnome multi-writer adwaita-icon-theme chrome-gnome-shell xdg-user-dirs-gtk fwupd arc-gtk-theme seahosrse gdm firefox gedit ``` ``` - - systemctl enable gdm - +systemctl enable gdm ``` ``` - - systemctl enable NetworkManager - +systemctl enable NetworkManager ``` -一旦你完成了以上这些，键入 reboot 重启。 +一旦你完成了以上这些，键入 `reboot` 重启。 -恭喜你。你已经使用这个指南和厉害的 archinstall 脚本安装完成了 Arch Linux。 +恭喜你。你已经使用这个指南通过厉害的 `archinstall` 脚本安装完成了 Arch Linux。 ### 结语 -我相信，这是团队开发的令人印象深刻的脚本之一。并且确实增加了使用 Arch　Linux　的用户基数和覆盖范围。 +我相信，这是由该团队开发的令人印象深刻的脚本之一。并且确实增加了使用 Arch Linux 的用户基数和覆盖范围。 使用这个脚本有什么问题吗？在下方评论让我知道。 -* * * - -我们带来了最新的技术，软件新闻和重大事件。可以通过　[Telegram][19], [Twitter][20], [YouTube][21], 和 [Facebook][22] 与我们保持联系，不要错过一个更新！ - -##### 也要读 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/ @@ -168,7 +144,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/published/20220202 Read and Organize Markdown Files in Linux Terminal With Glow.md b/published/20220202 Read and Organize Markdown Files in Linux Terminal With Glow.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..52a0325346 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220202 Read and Organize Markdown Files in Linux Terminal With Glow.md @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +[#]: subject: "Read and Organize Markdown Files in Linux Terminal With Glow" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/glow-cli-tool-markdown/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "hwlife" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14457-1.html" + +用 Glow 在 Linux 终端阅读和管理 Markdown 文件 +====== + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/11/151437wdzjaetardciedt1.jpg) + +> Glow 是一个能让你在 Linux 终端渲染 Markdown 文件的命令行工具。你也可以用它来管理 Markdown 文件。 + +我喜欢 Markdown。虽然我不是一个专业的 Markdown 用户，但我几乎用 Markdown 写我的大部分文章。 + +如果你是我们的常客，你可能已经看到过 [Markdown 指南][1]、编辑器以及 Obsidian 之类的工具。我将再加个工具到这个名单中，它叫做 [Glow][2]，并且不像之前涵盖的程序，Glow 能够让你在终端里阅读 Markdown 文件。 + +等等！难道不能在终端里使用 [阅读文本文件的常规 Linux 命令][3]，如 `cat`、`less`，甚至是像 Vim 之类的编辑器来阅读 Markdown 文件吗？ + +当然可以。但它会原样显示所有的代码来显示原始的 Markdown 文件，而不是显示正确的格式化文本。 + +![Glow renders the Markdown file][4] + +注意：Glow 不是一个编辑器。你不能用它去编写 Markdown 文本。 + +### Markdown 爱好者将会喜欢 Glow 的功能 + +Glow 可以用两种格式来使用：[命令行界面和终端用户界面][5]。 + +简单的对一个 Markdown 文件使用 Glow 命令将在屏幕上显示整个渲染后的内容。 + +``` +glow markdown_file +``` + +![Markdown display with Glow][6] + +这是很不错，但是 Glow 可以做的更好。它有额外的参数打开终端用户界面terminal user interface（TUI）模式，并且允许你用它来做更多的事情。 + +你可以使用页面参数（`-p`）来在页面模式下显示渲染后的文本（类似 `less` 命令显示文本没有弄乱屏幕一样）。 + +``` +glow -p markdown_file +``` + +在页面视图中，你可以使用 `less` 命令相同的方法，使用 `/` 键来搜索特定的文本。你可以按下`q` 键退出这个视图。 + +![Pager view similar to the less command][7] + +不止这些。你可以使用 `-a` 选项，它将查找当前目录及子目录中的所有 Markdown 文件。 + +``` +glow -a +``` + +你可以用方向键在屏幕上滚动文件。上下键向上和向下移动，左右键按照页数移动。 + +![With -a option, Glow finds and displays all Markdown files in current directory][8] + +你可以查看显示在底部的帮助选项。在这个视图中，查找选项允许你根据文件名查找文件（不是它们的内容）。 + +![You can search files by their name][9] + +这里也有标签。当然，你可以通过 `Tab` 键在标签中来回移动。 + +隐藏stashed标签像一个书签。当你浏览文件或是查看它们的内容时，你可以按下 `s` 键来创建一个隐藏标签（书签）。这个书签将只会在当前目录下可见。 + +你可以按下 `x` 键来移除书签（不是文件）或者按下 `m` 键来添加一个备注。 + +![You can bookmark files by stashing them with s key][10] + +新闻news标签显示更新日志和来自 Glow 开发者（们）的其他消息。 + +![The news tab shows messages from the developers][11] + +当你已经找到你想找的文件，你可以通过按下回车键来查看它们。因为你在终端用户界面模式，所以你这里会有额外的键盘选项。可以通过按下 `?` 键来显示选项。 + +![You can view keyboard shortcuts by pressing the ? key][12] + +### 在 Linux 上安装 Glow + +Glow 可以在 Linux 和 macOS 上使用。你可以在 macOS 和 [Linux 上使用 Homebrew][13] 来安装它，然而，我建议你在这里使用 Linux 安装包。 + +Glow 在 Void、Solus 和 Arch Linux 的仓库里是可用的。你可以用它们的包管理器来安装它们。 + +在基于 Arch 的发行版上，使用： + +``` +sudo pacman -S glow +``` + +对于 Ubuntu、Debian、Fedora 和 SUSE，它们有用于在各种架构的 .DEB 和 .RPM 二进制包，你可以在它们的发布页找到它们。 + +> [下载用于其它 Linux 发行版的 Glow][14] + +### 总结 + +总之，Glow 是在终端里的一个美化视图和管理 Markdown 的便利工具。像许多其他的命令行工具一样，它不是每个人都适合。如果你经常在终端，并喜欢 Markdown 文件，你可以尝试使用一下。当你用过后，请在评论区里分享你使用它的体验。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/glow-cli-tool-markdown/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/ +[2]: https://github.com/charmbracelet/glow +[3]: https://linuxhandbook.com/view-file-linux/ +[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/markdown-display-with-cat.png?resize=1572%2C962&ssl=1 +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/gui-cli-tui/ +[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/markdown-display-with-glow.png?resize=800%2C490&ssl=1 +[7]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/pager-view-with-glow.png?resize=800%2C451&ssl=1 +[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/glow-collection.png?resize=800%2C451&ssl=1 +[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/find-files-in-glow.png?resize=800%2C451&ssl=1 +[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/stash-feature-glow.png?resize=800%2C374&ssl=1 +[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/glow-news-tab.png?resize=800%2C451&ssl=1 +[12]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/display-help-in-file-view-in-glow.png?resize=800%2C490&ssl=1 +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/homebrew-linux/ +[14]: https://github.com/charmbracelet/glow/releases diff --git a/translated/tech/20220216 Archive files on your Linux desktop with Ark for KDE.md b/published/20220216 Archive files on your Linux desktop with Ark for KDE.md similarity index 82% rename from translated/tech/20220216 Archive files on your Linux desktop with Ark for KDE.md rename to published/20220216 Archive files on your Linux desktop with Ark for KDE.md index 8d97145dc4..3b62f776de 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220216 Archive files on your Linux desktop with Ark for KDE.md +++ b/published/20220216 Archive files on your Linux desktop with Ark for KDE.md @@ -3,14 +3,16 @@ [#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14453-1.html" 使用 KDE 的 Ark 在 Linux 桌面上归档文件 ====== -在 KDE 上创建、检查和扩展压缩的档案。 -![手工将 Linux 的文件夹放进抽屉里][1] + +> 在 KDE 上创建、检查和扩展压缩的档案。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/10/110019yfqsy4hel2jqhs8h.jpg) 当我完成一个项目时，我经常喜欢把为这个项目创建的所有文件放到一个档案中。这不仅可以 [节省空间][2]，而且可以让这些文件远离我的视线，防止它们在我使用 [find][3] 和 [grep][4] 搜索我当前想要的文件时作为结果出现。一旦文件被归档，它们就会被你的文件系统视为一个单独的对象，这意味着你不能像浏览普通文件夹那样来浏览它们。你可以把它们解压缩来列出档案的内容，或者打开一个终端，运行适当的归档命令，比如 [tar][5] 命令。又或者你可以使用一个像 Ark 这样的应用程序来列出、预览、修改和管理你的档案。 @@ -18,15 +20,13 @@ KDE Plasma 桌面预装了 Ark，你也可以从软件包管理器中获取。在 Fedora、Mageia 和类似的系统中，你可以运行： - -```shell +``` $ sudo dnf install ark ``` 在 Debian、Elementary 和类似的系统中，你可以运行： - -```shell +``` $ sudo apt install ark ``` @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ $ sudo apt install ark 熟悉归档的最好方法就是自己创建一个档案，然后探索它。所有的这些都可以通过 Ark 来完成。 -首先，从你的应用程序菜单中启动 Ark，然后进入“归档”Archive菜单，选择“新建”New。 +首先，从你的应用程序菜单中启动 Ark，然后进入“档案Archive”菜单，选择“新建New”。 ![用 Ark 创建一个新的档案][8] @@ -54,23 +54,23 @@ Ark 不会自动创建空的档案，但在你设置好名称和位置后，只 归档有两个好处：合并和压缩。通过把文件添加到档案里，你将许多文件整合到了同一个地方。因为它们已经存在于档案中，所以，如果你想要摆脱这些文件的干扰，你完全以把原始的副本删除掉。 -要查看你通过压缩文件节省了多少磁盘空间，你可以进入“档案”Archive菜单，选择“属性”Properties。它会显示出文件在归档前/后的大小，同时还有很多其他有用的元数据。 +要查看你通过压缩文件节省了多少磁盘空间，你可以进入“档案Archive”菜单，选择“属性Properties”。它会显示出文件在归档前/后的大小，同时还有很多其他有用的元数据。 ![档案的属性和元数据][11] （图源 Seth Kenlon / [CC BY-SA 4.0][9]） -Ark 可以做的事情还有很多，但是现在先关闭 Ark，假装你已经使用完毕。你的档案会在你声明保存它的位置（在这个例子中，它的名字是`example.tar.gz`，位于我的用户主目录中。） +Ark 可以做的事情还有很多，但是现在先关闭 Ark，假装你已经使用完毕。你的档案会存放在你声明保存它的位置（在这个例子中，它的名字是 `example.tar.gz`，位于我的用户主目录中。） ### 查看档案中的文件 -Ark 可以打开任何档案，就像打开一个普通的文件夹一样。要在 Ark 中打开一个档案，只需在文件管理器中左键点击它（单击/双击，取决于你的系统设置）。你也可以右键点击它，并选择“用 Ark 打开”Open with Ark。 +Ark 可以打开任何档案，就像打开一个普通的文件夹一样。要在 Ark 中打开一个档案，只需在文件管理器中左键点击它（单击/双击，取决于你的系统设置）。你也可以右键点击它，并选择“用 Ark 打开Open with Ark”。 一旦档案在 Ark 中打开，你就可以在文件管理器中进行大部分操作，包括删除文件、添加新文件、预览文件内容等等。 ### 从档案中删除文件 -有时候，你会把一个文件放到一个你不需要的档案中。此时，当你想从档案中删除一个文件时，你可以右键单击该文件并选择“删除”Delete。 +有时候，你会把一个文件放到一个你不需要的档案中。此时，当你想从档案中删除一个文件时，你可以右键单击该文件并选择“删除Delete”。 ![右键菜单][12] @@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ Ark 可以打开任何档案，就像打开一个普通的文件夹一样。要 ### 向档案中添加文件 -向档案中添加文件是更加容易的。你只需从文件管理器中把该文件拖拽到 Ark 里。另外，你也可以选择 Ark 右键菜单中“添加文件”Add Files。 +向档案中添加文件是更加容易的。你只需从文件管理器中把该文件拖拽到 Ark 里。另外，你也可以选择 Ark 右键菜单中“添加文件Add Files”。 ### 从档案中提取单个文件 -当处理一个档案时，许多人会选择解开整个档案，然后寻找他们真正需要的一两个文件。对于小档案，这勉强说得过去，但对于大档案来说，这会占用你大量的时间和磁盘空间，哪怕只是暂时的。 +当处理一个档案时，许多人会选择解开整个档案，然后寻找他们真正需要的一两个文件。对于小型档案，这勉强说得过去，但对于大型档案来说，这会占用你大量的时间和磁盘空间，哪怕只是暂时的。 -有了 Ark，你可以只提取你需要的文件，只要把它们从 Ark 窗口拖到你要保存的地方就行。另外，你也可以选择右键菜单中的“提取”Extract。 +有了 Ark，你可以只提取你需要的文件，只要把它们从 Ark 窗口拖到你要保存的地方就行。另外，你也可以选择右键菜单中的“提取Extract”。 ### 预览档案中的文件 @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/archives-files-linux-ark-kde 作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/tech/20220226 How to Configure Task Switcher in KDE Plasma Desktop.md b/published/20220226 How to Configure Task Switcher in KDE Plasma Desktop.md similarity index 61% rename from translated/tech/20220226 How to Configure Task Switcher in KDE Plasma Desktop.md rename to published/20220226 How to Configure Task Switcher in KDE Plasma Desktop.md index 9cbda041c1..973738eba6 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20220226 How to Configure Task Switcher in KDE Plasma Desktop.md +++ b/published/20220226 How to Configure Task Switcher in KDE Plasma Desktop.md @@ -3,43 +3,44 @@ [#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14450-1.html" 如何在 KDE Plasma 桌面上配置任务切换器 ====== -本指南解释了如何在 KDE Plasma 桌面中配置任务切换器 + +> 本指南解释了如何在 KDE Plasma 桌面中配置任务切换器。 ![Configure KDE Plasma Task Switcher][1] ### 什么是任务切换器？ -[任务切换器][2]是一个帮助你在当前桌面会话中切换打开的窗口或应用的组件。通常，当你按下 `Alt+Tab `时，它会显示为一个图标列表。 +[任务切换器][2] 是一个帮助你在当前桌面会话中切换打开的窗口或应用的组件。通常，当你按下 `Alt+Tab` 时，它会显示为一个图标列表。 ![Thumbnail Grid Task Switcher][3] -而这在 KDE Plasma 中是可以根据你的具体需要高度配置的。你可以定制它的外观，图标的排序，相同应用的分组等等。 +而这在 KDE Plasma 中是可以根据你的具体需要高度配置的。你可以定制它的外观、图标的排序、相同应用的分组等等。 -### 改变 KDE Plasma 的任务切换器 +### 改变 KDE Plasma 的任务切换器选项 -打开“系统设置”。在“工作区”组下，点击“窗口管理 > 任务切换器”。 +打开“系统设置System Settings”。在“工作区Workspace”组下，点击“窗口管理Window Management > 任务切换器Task Switcher”。 -在主标签上，可视化部分有一个下拉菜单。这个下拉菜单包含几个任务切换器选项，你可以尝试一下。 +在主Main标签上，可视化Visualisation部分有一个下拉菜单。这个下拉菜单包含几个任务切换器选项，你可以尝试一下。 -选择你喜欢的选项并点击预览按钮。如果你感到满意，那么你可以点击应用。 +选择你喜欢的选项并点击“预览”按钮。如果你感到满意，那么你可以点击“应用Apply”按钮。 ![Configure Task Switcher in KDE][4] -这就是你该如何改变 KDE Plasma 桌面中的任务切换器。 +这就是如何改变 KDE Plasma 桌面中的任务切换器的方法。 ### 替代切换器 -替代选项卡也包含同样的任务切换器的可视化选项。然而，你可以为替代方案配置集设置 Alt+Tab 以外的不同组合键。这样，你可以同时体验两组不同组合的任务切换器。 +替代Alternative选项卡也包含同样的任务切换器的可视化选项。然而，你可以为替代方案配置集设置 `Alt+Tab` 以外的不同组合键。这样，你可以同时体验两组不同组合的任务切换器。 ### 可视化 -截至编写本指南时的 [KDE Plasma 5.24][5]，不同的任务切换器有以下选项。 +截至编写本指南时的 [KDE Plasma 5.24][5]，有以下不同的任务切换器： * Breeze * Breeze Dark @@ -54,11 +55,9 @@ * Thumbnail Grid * Thumbnails - - 下面是上述任务切换器的截图。 -![Various Task Switcher][6] +![][6] ![][7] @@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ ### 多显示器或显示屏中的任务切换器 -如果你有一个多显示器或显示屏设置，你不需要做任何事情。任务切换器将根据你的鼠标光标所在的位置显示出来。这意味着它将显示在活动显示器上。 +如果你有一个多显示器（显示屏）环境，你不需要做任何事情。任务切换器将根据你的鼠标光标所在的位置显示出来。这意味着它将显示在活动显示器上。 ### 任务切换器与相同的应用分组 @@ -88,25 +87,21 @@ ![Same application grouping][16] -但你可能想知道如果只出现一次，如何在相同的应用实例中切换。你可以通过任务切换器中的 `Alt+``（默认值）来切换相同的应用。下面是你可以根据你的需要和工作来改变的选项。 +但你可能想知道如果只出现一次，如何在相同的应用实例中切换。你可以通过任务切换器中的 `Alt+\``（默认值）来切换相同的应用。下面是你可以根据你的需要和工作来改变的选项。 ### 下载更多的任务切换器 -如果你对上述所有的选项不满意，你可以通过相同的设置窗口从KDE商店下载更多的任务切换器。 +如果你对上述所有的选项不满意，你可以通过同一个设置窗口从 KDE 商店下载更多的任务切换器。 -点击上图标注 #5 的 Get New Task Switchers ，选择你最喜欢的一个。然后点击安装。完成安装后，回到主设置窗口，应用新下载的可视化。 +点击上图标注 ❺ 的 “获取新的任务切换器Get New Task Switchers” ，选择你最喜欢的一个。然后点击“安装Install”。完成安装后，回到主设置窗口，应用新下载的可视化。 -记住，这些额外的项目是用户贡献的，在某些情况下可能会破坏你当前的主题。所以要慎重使用。在任何时候，你都可以点击重置按钮，回到原来的任务切换器视觉效果。 +记住，这些额外的项目是用户贡献的，在某些情况下可能会破坏你当前的主题，所以要慎重使用。在任何时候，你都可以点击重置按钮，回到原来的任务切换器视觉效果。 ### 结束语 -我希望这篇指南能帮助你在K DE Plasma 桌面上设置一个漂亮而有效的任务切换器。正如我所说的，自定义选项很多，你可以随意发挥。 +我希望这篇指南能帮助你在 KDE Plasma 桌面上设置一个漂亮而有效的任务切换器。正如我所说的，自定义选项很多，你可以随意发挥。 -干杯。 - -* * * - -我们带来最新的技术、软件新闻和重要的东西。通过 [Telegram][17]、[Twitter][18]、[YouTube][19] 和 [Facebook][20] 保持联系，永远不会错过任何更新! +感谢阅读。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -115,7 +110,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/configure-task-switcher-kde/ 作者：[Arindam][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/published/20220402 CrunchBang-- Linux - The Ultimate Lightweight and Stable Linux Distribution.md b/published/20220402 CrunchBang-- Linux - The Ultimate Lightweight and Stable Linux Distribution.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ce94cab1b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220402 CrunchBang-- Linux - The Ultimate Lightweight and Stable Linux Distribution.md @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +[#]: subject: "CrunchBang++ Linux – The Ultimate Lightweight and Stable Linux Distribution" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/crunchbang-linux-review/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "lxbwolf" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14454-1.html" + +CrunchBang++ Linux —— 极致轻量和稳定的 Linux 发行版本 +====== + +> 我们来对基于 Debian 的、由 Openbox 驱动的轻量级 Linux 发型版本 Crunchbang++ Linux 进行了评测，并为你提供了如何使用它的指导。 + +CrunchBang 项目已经停止维护，CrunchBang++ Linux 是这个独特的项目的继承者。早期的 CrunchBang Linux 很受欢迎，因为它使用非常少的系统资源，对低端硬件也很友好。而 CrunchBang++ 也有一个 32 位的安装程序（现在很少见），可以在过时的硬件或 PC 上正常运行。 + +在我们之前介绍 [顶级轻量级 Linux 发行版][1] 的文章中，有读者评论想让我们介绍 CrunchBang++。因此，我们想从性能、无障碍访问和其他因素等方面对这个超级轻量级的 Linux 发行版做一个深入的研究。让我们深入了解一下。 + +### CrunchBang++ Linux 测评 + +![CrunchBang++ Linux Desktop with Openbox][2] + +#### 现场介质和安装 + +目前为止，CrunchBang++ 基于最新的 Debian 11 Bullseye，并提供 32 位和 64 位 ISO 变体。你可以从其 [官方网站][3] 下载。本文中，我们使用 64 位的安装程序，其大小为 1.6 GB，与当今流行的 Linux 发行版的 ISO 大小相比，是很小的。例如，最新的 Ubuntu 64 位桌面 ISO 就很大，已经超过了 3.2 GB。 + +安装程序的启动菜单提供了测试现场镜像Live Image和启动安装程序的选项。你可以先从现场镜像开始。但是，你不能从现场介质安装！相反，你必须再次启动并选择重新安装选项。现场桌面Live desktop的用户 ID 和密码都是 “live”。 + +![Installation in the boot menu][4] + +在物理机和虚拟机（[virt-manager][5]）上的安装都很顺利。CrunchBang++ 使用 Debian 的原生安装程序，这有点复杂。但你可以按照屏幕上的指示轻松地安装它。如果你不熟悉 Debian 安装程序，你可以参照我们的 [Debian 安装指南][6]。 + +在虚拟机和物理系统上安装过程平均需要约 5 到 10 分钟。 + +#### 桌面初窥 + +CrunchBang++ 给你经典的 Openbox 窗口管理器体验。登录屏幕出乎意料的干净和完美，只有输入凭证的选项。 + +如果你是第一次运行它，有一个欢迎脚本会引导你检查网速，更新你的系统，等等。 + +![The welcome script][7] + +Openbox 本身是快速和干净的。桌面以其预先配置的 SBPP Openbox 主题带来了一个整洁的外观，其组件如下： + + * [gmrun][8]：一个轻量的应用程序启动器 + * [Tint2][9]：桌面顶层的控制面板 + * [dmenu][10]：动态菜单系统 + +你可以通过右键菜单的简单配置选项来配置它们。 + +默认情况下，可以通过顶部面板切换两个工作区。顶部面板也有基本的托盘图标以满足你的需要。 + + * 音量控制 + * 网络连接 + * 语言工具 + * 电量监控 + * 剪贴板管理 + +作为一个窗口管理器，这里没有应用程序视图。但有了 gmrun 应用程序启动器，启动任何应用程序都超级容易。当你需要启动任何应用程序时，Openbox 右键菜单会给你所有的选项。 + +#### 无障碍访问和应用程序 + +CrunchBang++ 只包括最低限度的应用程序，以保持 ISO 和安装的轻便。以下是预装的应用程序。 + + * GIMP + * Thunar 文件管理器 + * Catfish 文件搜索 + * Gnumeric + * VLC 媒体播放器 + * Filezilla + * 远程桌面客户端 + * Transmission Torrent 客户端 + * Screenshot 工具 + * Geany 文本编辑器 + +强大的 Synaptic 软件包管理器会满足你所有的软件需求。LibreOffice 不是默认安装的，所以你需要单独安装它。没有用于集中设置的工具，所以有时你可能会觉得缺少一个设置管理器。 + +#### 性能和资源占用情况 + +CrunchBang++ 的性能对于轻量级发行版来说是完美的。 + +这个发行版使用了 585 MB 的内存，空闲状态下 CPU 占用为 1%。如果你让系统在非活动状态下运行一个小时或更长时间，内存占用会进一步减少到 350 MB 左右。这是一个令人印象深刻的指标。 + +![Performance During Idle State][12] + +为了测试重压工作负载，我们在 CrunchBang++ 中打开了以下应用程序的一个实例： + + * Firefox 两个标签页 + * Thunar 文件管理器 + * GIMP + * Gnumeric + * 文本编辑器 + * 终端 + * Catfish 文件搜索 + +整个工作负载占用内存 1.07 GB，CPU 占用为 5% - 7%。 + +这个发行版的默认安装占用了 4 GB 的硬盘空间。 + +![Performance During Heavy workload State][13] + +#### 连接性 + +我们对它进行了下面列出的各种连接性测试。除了蓝牙，它通过了每一项测试。 + + * Wi-Fi 检测和连接 —— 完美通过测试 + * 它在多个显示器和分辨率配置下能正确工作（由于有预装的 ARandR） + * 自动检测 USB（即使在虚拟机模式下） —— 正常通过测试 + +没有用于蓝牙的启用、发现和连接的工具（有点像 Xfce 桌面）。所以，如果你安装一个实用程序，你应该都能搞定。 + +#### CrunchBang++ 的一些缺点 + +在我看来，这个 Linux 发行版应该由有一些经验的用户来使用，他们在 Linux 中遇到的问题一般都能通过查阅资料解决，并且在需要时也能自如地使用终端。 + +我还发现了一些我认为默认安装需要（而没有安装）的项目。在这个发行版中没有办法配置鼠标、键盘。没有预装任何工具。然而，你可以通过终端对它们进行调整。你可能需要安装额外的应用程序来配置这些。 + +在“最近使用的应用程序”的右键菜单和 Nitrogen 壁纸更换器中有些错误。然而，对于你的日常使用来说，它们并不是一个障碍。 + +所以，总的来说，我认为它很稳定，尽管有所缺失，但可以很好地工作。 + +### 总结 + +在结束对 CrunchBang++ 的测评时，我不得不说它是一个高效和实用的 Linux 发行版。它可能不是一个闪闪发光的桌面，但它是一个稳定的、生产级的 Linux 发行版，可以在任何硬件上运行。你可以很容易地把它作为你的日常使用系统，并在不用重装你的整个系统的情况下使用它多年。CrunchBang++ 是贡献者们创造出的伟大的软件。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/crunchbang-linux-review/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[lxbwolf](https://github.com/lxbwolf) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/CrunchBang-Linux-Desktop-with-Openbox-1024x576.jpg +[3]: https://crunchbangplusplus.org/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Installation-in-boot-menu.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/11/virt-manager/ +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-debian-buster/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/The-welcome-script.jpg +[8]: https://github.com/WdesktopX/gmrun +[9]: https://gitlab.com/o9000/tint2 +[10]: https://tools.suckless.org/dmenu/ +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/extix-21-1-review/ +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Performance-During-Idle-State.jpg +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Performance-During-Heavy-workload-State.jpg +[14]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[15]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[16]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[17]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/published/20220403 Is this the End of the road for elementary OS.md b/published/20220403 Is this the End of the road for elementary OS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c5865f6daa --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220403 Is this the End of the road for elementary OS.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +[#]: subject: "Is this the End of the road for elementary OS?" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/end-of-elementary-os/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "hwlife" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14449-1.html" + +elementary OS 系统走到头了吗？ +====== + +> Cassidy James 是 elementary OS 系统的创始人，根据他最近的声明得知他已经辞职。下面是我们对这一话题的看法，以及可能的未来。 + +![elementary OS 6 ODIN Desktop][1] + +早在十年前，当 elementary OS 首次发布时，它率先带领 Linux 桌面领域迈出了新的一步。Cassidy 有一个愿景，从那时只有开发者和贡献者在使用的 Linux 桌面，到全世界用户都能够使用它。它的 Pantheon 桌面是最好的桌面之一，从一开始就是为美学和生产力而设计的。 + +多年来，elementary OS 已经成长起来了。它的用户群和受欢迎程度一直在增加，因为它的稳定性、基于 Ubuntu 长期支持版，对于那些希望在 Linux 中拥有类似 macOS 的用户界面的人来说，是一个完美的桌面。它的基于 Flatpak 的应用商店也是在 Linux 生态系统中最好的应用商店之一，具有一套精心打造的应用程序。 + +如果你用免费软件经营公司，除非你有一个在背后支撑的企业和其它盈利模式，否则这些优势和良好的用户反馈，是无法变成盈利的。 + +### 为什么会出现这种情况，这是 elementary OS 系统的终点吗？ + +elementary OS 有一个 “付费下载” 的收入模式，这是自愿的。但是疫情已经两年了，这方面的销售收入也在下降，该公司的领导层为了维持公司运转，已经削减了全职员工的工资和医疗福利。 + +> “自从我全职投入 elementary 公司以来，每一个版本的销售业绩都要比上一个表现要好，直到 OS 6 和 6.1 的业绩表现远远低于预期，部分原因是持续的全球疫情，人们看起来在能免费下载操作系统的时候，不再想支付可选的金额来下载它。很明显，我们需要重新确定我们公司财务的优先次序，同时坚定我们的开源、以隐私为中心和道德的筹资信念。”Cassidy 在他的告别信中说道。 + +全球经济在疫情的打击下，所有人和事都无法幸免。[elementary OS 6 Odin][2] 的发布并不顺利。有一些错误、英伟达显卡的问题和其他问题，全球疫情和贡献的减少也影响了软件的质量。这最终影响到了自愿付费下载的收入。 + +自愿付费下载模式、GitHub 的赞助，用来维持企业运转和大型项目是远远不够的。如果你看看其他的主流开源项目，如 Fedora Linux、GNOME、KDE Plasma，它们都有来自 Red Hat、IBM、Google 等大企业的大量赞助。而这是有原因的，这些大公司都从这些开源项目中获得商业利益。但是对于 elementary OS 来说，情况就有点不同了。 + +> Cassidy 又写道，“结果，Dani 要求我辞职，并完全离开 elementary。在我寻找另一个职位时，这并不是我的本意，但是 Dani 一直坚持（要我离开）。最后，我决定，最好的行动方案确实是我继续前行；我放弃了我对 elementary 十多年的激情，接受了 Dani 的提议，让她成为 elementary 公司唯一的、100% 的所有者。我已经签署了我的辞呈。从今天起，她现在拥有公司的所有股份和责任。我祝愿她在延续公司的遗产方面取得最好的成绩。” + +### 展望未来 + +确实，我能在告别信中感受到 Cassidy 的感情。放弃你多年来建立的项目和激情是不容易的。那里有你在为社区获得更大利益的愿景而投入的无数个日日夜夜。你的感情与之相连。放弃并不容易。 + +没有人能够预测未来。所以，我们不知道在未来的日子里 elementary OS 系统作为一个项目会发生什么。当情况发生了，开源公司最终会成为一个有更多受众和贡献者的社区项目。我觉得新的领导人需要看看 elementary OS 在 Linux 发行版或桌面领域方面的未来路线图。 + +因为带有 GTK4/libadwaita 的 GNOME 42+ 看起来很有前途，elementary OS 可能会因为 GNOME 而失去用户群。在这种情景下，唯一的卖点只有 Pantheon 桌面，这就需要更多的打磨和市场化能力，同时新的领导层也需要寻找更好的收入模式。 + +我们希望，作为一个社区，elementary OS 能够继续推出新版本，如果必要的话，让它成为没有 GitHub 赞助墙的社区项目。而我认为寻找企业基金和捐赠也可以成为维持项目运行的长期选择之一。 + +任何开源项目都不应该停止。我希望新的领导层能够找到更好的收入模式来维持这个项目。只要思想不滑坡，方法总比困难多。 + +所以，关于这整个情况你有什么看法？在下方评论让我知道。 + +谢谢。 + +*部分引用自 [Cassidy 的博客][4]* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/end-of-elementary-os/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/elementary-OS-6-ODIN-Desktop-1024x576.jpeg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/08/elementary-os-6-odin-review/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/elementary-os-6-beta/ +[4]: https://cassidyjames.com/blog/farewell-elementary/ +[5]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[6]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[7]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[8]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/published/20220405 Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year.md b/published/20220405 Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..131cd968c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220405 Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year.md @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +[#]: subject: "Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/xfce-terminal-1-0-0-release/" +[#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14459-1.html" + +Xfce Terminal 1.0.0：时隔一年后的一次功能丰富的重大升级 +====== + +> 在其上一个主要版本发布一年后，Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 终于来了。兴奋地想了解一下新的改进吗？让我们来看看！ + +![](https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/xfce-terminal-1-0-0.jpg) + +作为几乎在所有采用 Xfce 的发行版上流行的终端模拟器，Xfce Terminal 刚刚由新的维护者（及新的版本计划）发布了它的第一次重大升级。 + +让我们来看看这个版本的一些亮点。 + +### 新的维护者和版本管理方案 + +Igor Zakharov 从 2016 年到 2020 年一直在领导它的开发工作。不幸的是，在 2021 年，当新的维护者 [Sergios][1] Anestis Kefalidis（也是 Thunar 文件管理器的开发者）接手后，它就没有被维护了。 + +而且，自从 Sergios 接管了这个项目后，版本管理方案也发生了变化。经过与社区的协商，采用了 Thunar 的旧版本计划。 + +例如，1.1.x 版本将是开发版本，而 1.2.0 版本将是下一个主要升级版本。 + +现在，随着 Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 的发布，一些令人兴奋的新特性已经被纳入。 + +### 新特性 + +Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 的一些新特性包括： + + * 改进了自定义选项 + * 支持叠加滚动条 + * 命令行选项的改进 + * 更多使用 XfceTitledDialog + +#### 更好的自定义选项 + +和现在许多应用的更新一样，Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 包括大量新的自定义选项。也许我最喜欢的是，图像背景功能现在有一个“填充”风格选项。伴随着这一点的是暂时禁用不安全的粘贴对话框的能力，它也被改造了。 + +最后，Xfce Terminal 也成为首批支持新的 Xfce 快捷键编辑器的应用之一。因此，用户不再需要潜心研究配置文件，而是有了一个可以使用的简单 UI。 + +![][2] + +有了这么多新的定制选项，我相信很多人都会对一个只是包含这些的版本感到满意。但是！开发者设法加入了更多令人兴奋的新功能，其中下一个是改进的命令行参数。 + +#### 更好的命令行参数 + +在这个版本中，修复了 `-tab` 和 `-window` 命令行参数，变得更加直观。这修复了 Xfce Terminal 中一个 [长期存在的错误][3]，它已经存在了近 6 年。 + +尽管等待了很久，但现在它已经被修复了。迟到总比不到好，是吧？ + +不管怎么说，看到每一个新版本的错误被修复总是很好的，这个趋势在这里继续。 + +#### 更多使用 Xfce 专用的小工具 + +虽然我相信很多用户可能会认为这是一个退步，但 Xfce Terminal 使用更多的 Xfce 专用小工具带来了很多好处。虽然这对非 Xfce 用户确实意味着要安装更多的依赖关系，但它意味着与 Xfce 更好的整合。 + +可以说，大多数的 Xfce Terminal 用户都坚持使用同样的 Xfce 桌面环境。所以，这种改变应该会带来更大的一致性和用户体验的改善。 + +#### 其他变化 + +这个版本的其他变化包括： + + * “输出滚动”偏好设定的改进 + * 右键点击行为的自定义选项 + * 为缩小代码库而进行的代码重写 + +关于完整的功能列表，请随时参考 [发布说明][4]。发布说明中还提到了下一个主要版本的未来计划，即 v1.2.0。 + +### 总结 + +总的来说，Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 看起来是一个不错的版本，也说明了其新的维护者的奉献精神。 + +如果你想试试 Xfce Terminal 1.0.0，它应该会在接下来的几周内进入你的发行库，如果现在还没有的话。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/xfce-terminal-1-0-0-release/ + +作者：[Jacob Crume][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu8-J-XWcXQhoCopBiJ5-uw/videos +[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/xfce4-terminal.png +[3]: https://bugzilla.xfce.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12926 +[4]: http://users.uoa.gr/~sdi1800073/sources/xfce_blog12.html diff --git a/published/20220407 Linux Mint 21 Code Name Announced with New Upgrade Utility and More.md b/published/20220407 Linux Mint 21 Code Name Announced with New Upgrade Utility and More.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c86f50a751 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220407 Linux Mint 21 Code Name Announced with New Upgrade Utility and More.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +[#]: subject: "Linux Mint 21 Code Name Announced with New Upgrade Utility and More" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/linux-mint-21-announcement/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14448-1.html" + +Linux Mint 21 公布了代号、新的升级工具及更多内容 +====== + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/09/112010zm619gd31ka7zk3k.jpg) + +> Mint 团队公布了即将到来的 Linux Mint 21 的代号、一个用于轻松升级的工具，以及令团队惊叹的 Warpinator 使用案例。 + +### Linux Mint 21 公告和其他更新 + +首先，Linux Mint 21 的代号是 “Vanessa”，它将基于 [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish][1]。像往常一样，它将提供三个旗舰版本：Xfce、Cinnamon 和 MATE。 + +其次，很明显，Mint 团队将选择 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 作为 Linux Mint 21 的基础以获得长期支持。它将采用 [5.15 版本的 Linux 内核][2]，这是一个长期支持版的内核。 + +除此之外，项目负责人 Clement Lefebvre 还宣布了 [一个新的升级工具][3]（mintupgrade2），这样一来，计划升级到 Linux Mint 21 的用户可以更轻松地完成升级步骤。根据历史经验，升级到 Mint 的主要版本是一个涉及大量终端操作的复杂过程，这对普通用户来说通常是困难的。 + +![随 Linux Mint 21 公布的 Mint 升级工具][4] + +因此，考虑到其用户基础，Mint 团队为用户开发这个升级工具还是很有必要的。Clement Lefebvre 承诺，新的工具将是完全图形化的，附带有易于管理的步骤和说明。它将支持语言的本地化，还将为复杂的升级过程提供预先检查，同时也将为用户提供易于理解的可配置的指南。 + +这个工具将成为从 Linux Mint 20 升级到 21 的主要工具，它会在五、六月份左右发布。此外，这个新工具承诺提供关于自定义 PPA 和孤儿包的警告，以减少你在升级前的担忧。老实说，这将是 Mint 团队为其用户带来的最好的工具之一。 + +#### 其他更新 + +除了以上更新外，团队还提到，文件传输工具 Warpinator 被世界上的多个用户用于一些奇怪的需求 —— 这是团队之前从未想过的。例如，有人用 Warpinator 在 Windows 和 V 社的 Steam Deck 游戏机之间传输文件，参见 [这个视频][5]。 + +说到这里，Warpinator 现在提供了一个 [针对 iOS][6] 用户的测试发行版。你现在可以在你的苹果系统与任何其他系统之间快速传输文件，包括安卓、Linux 和 Windows。Mint 团队开发的这个应用真不错。 + +你可以在官方[博客][7]中阅读关于 Linux Mint 21 的公告和更多内容。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/linux-mint-21-announcement/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/ +[3]: https://github.com/linuxmint/mintupgrade2 +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Mint-upgrade-2-utility-announced-with-Linux-Mint-21.jpg +[5]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHdQT6kI6Q8 +[6]: https://www.reddit.com/r/linuxmint/comments/rn04lw/interest_in_warpinator_for_ios/ +[7]: https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4293 +[8]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[9]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[10]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[11]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/published/20220407 Vivaldi 5.2 Adds a Reading List Panel - New Privacy Statistics Bar.md b/published/20220407 Vivaldi 5.2 Adds a Reading List Panel - New Privacy Statistics Bar.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6418116b9f --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220407 Vivaldi 5.2 Adds a Reading List Panel - New Privacy Statistics Bar.md @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +[#]: subject: "Vivaldi 5.2 Adds a Reading List Panel & New Privacy Statistics Bar" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/vivaldi-5-2-release/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14452-1.html" + +Vivaldi 5.2 增加了阅读列表面板和新的隐私统计栏 +====== + +> Vivaldi 5.2 已经准备好了，增加了新的功能，使该浏览器对桌面和移动用户更加有用。 + +![](https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vivaldi-5-2.jpg) + +对于那些希望获得更好的浏览体验的用户来说，Vivaldi 一直以来都是一个很好的选择。 + +尽管它不是完全的自由及开放源代码软件Free and Open Source Software（FOSS）（用户界面是专有的，其他部分是开源的），但对于那些需要处理多个标签页，以及希望有更多特性的 Linux 用户来说，它是一个可行的选择。 + +事实上，它现在是 [Linux 用户的最佳选择之一][1]。 + +Vivaldi 5.2 增加了更多有用的升级，对于你目前使用的浏览器来说，它现在成为了一个吸引人的可选替代品。 + +### Vivaldi 5.2：新功能 + +Vivaldi 5.2 通过一个新的阅读面板和一个独立的隐私统计栏，增强了使用体验。 + +其安卓版也得到了一些令人兴奋的升级，让我们来看看吧！ + +下面是更多的介绍： + +#### 阅读列表面板 + +![][2] + +此前，Vivaldi 的侧面板已经有了大量的选项，包括电子邮件、RSS、日历等。 + +现在，一直存在于地址栏中的阅读列表（保存页面以便以后阅读）现在也可以在侧面板中使用。 + +出现在侧面板中后，阅读列表变得比以前更容易访问。因此，你能够在你需要的时候，随时检查/浏览阅读列表，而不必从当前的任务中切换出来。 + +你可以在下面的视频中查看该功能的运行情况： + +![](https://youtu.be/hhGQUO8u9iQ) + +你可以在侧面板里管理、搜索和组织阅读列表。 + +你也可以使用快捷命令，把任何页面保存到到阅读列表中。别忘了，你的阅读列表还能够与你的手机（安卓）或任何其他已连接的设备同步。 + +#### 隐私统计栏 + +![][4] + +尽管 Vivaldi 已经有了阻止跟踪器的内置保护功能，但你并不能正确了解这些跟踪器的信息。 + +有了新的统计栏，你就可以集中地看到在浏览过程中被阻止的所有跟踪器的跟踪行为。 + +大多数用户可能不关心这个问题。但是，查看统计信息可以让你知道什么追踪器更普遍，并获得对它们的了解。 + +你也可以在下面的视频中了解它的实际使用： + +![](https://youtu.be/MAY5s_MpnxY) + +#### 其他改进措施 + +除了隐私统计栏，Vivaldi 5.2 还提供了其他改进，比如： + + * 支持把 [Qwant][6] 搜索引擎作为默认的搜索引擎。 + * 优化了标签的拖/放操作。 + * 改进了 Vivaldi Mail、Calendar 和 Feed Reader 的功能。 + +若想了解更多信息，你可以参考 [官方发布公告][7]。 + +### 下载 Vivaldi 5.2 + +你可以从它的官方网站下载最新的发布包（deb/rpm）来安装。 + +> [下载 Vivaldi 5.2][8] + +如果你是通过官方的仓库 [在 Linux 上安装的 Vivaldi][9]，它可能已经在你的软件更新列表里了，即使现在没有，你也应该很快就能在软件更新列表中找到它。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/vivaldi-5-2-release/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/best-browsers-ubuntu-linux/ +[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vivaldi-side-panel.jpg +[3]: https://youtu.be/hhGQUO8u9iQ +[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Privacy-statistics-vivaldi-5-2.jpg +[5]: https://youtu.be/MAY5s_MpnxY +[6]: https://www.qwant.com/ +[7]: https://vivaldi.com/press/vivaldi-adds-a-reading-list-panel-shows-statistics-on-blocked-trackers-and-ads/ +[8]: https://vivaldi.com/download/ +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/install-vivaldi-ubuntu-linux/ diff --git a/published/20220409 Firefox 99 Brings These Two Changes for Linux Users.md b/published/20220409 Firefox 99 Brings These Two Changes for Linux Users.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3540ac1777 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20220409 Firefox 99 Brings These Two Changes for Linux Users.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +[#]: subject: "Firefox 99 Brings These Two Changes for Linux Users" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/firefox-99-release/" +[#]: author: "Shobhit Singh https://news.itsfoss.com/author/shobhit/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "zd200572" +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14455-1.html" + +Firefox 99 为 Linux 用户带来了两点改变 +====== + +> 最新发布的 Firefox 浏览器为桌面 Linux 用户带来了两点改变。 + +![](https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/firefox.png) + +Mozilla 的 Firefox 是最受欢迎的开源浏览器之一，这也是它在许多 Linux 发行版（如 Mint 和 Ubuntu）中用作默认浏览器的原因。 + +最近，Mozilla 发布了 Firefox 99.0 版本，为 Linux 版本带来了新的安全性和 UI 特性。 + +### 更新了什么呢？ + + * 现在，你可以使用键盘快捷键 `n` 在阅读器模式ReaderMode中切换“讲述Narrate”模式。 + * 你可以在 PDF 查看器中找到对搜索音调符号的附加支持。 + * 添加了 GTK 叠加滚动条。 + * Linux 沙箱已得到加强：暴露于 Web 内容的进程不再有权访问 X Window 系统（X11）。 + * Firefox 现在在德国和法国支持信用卡自动填充和捕获。 + +在本文中，我们将深入研究这些内容，并进一步扩展Linux版本特定的变化。 + +### GTK 叠加滚动条 + +这个版本的 Firefox 为滚动条做了一个新的、时尚的、更窄的设计。如果不在使用中，滚动条也会隐藏，这让浏览器给人以更现代和优雅的感觉。 + +![][1] + +但在稳定版中这个特性默认没有启用。开启这个特性，转到 `about:config`，搜索 `widget.gtk.overlay-scrollbars.enabled`。这个值默认是 `false`，双击它将设置为 `true`，这将启用新的滚动条。 + +![][2] + +### Linux 沙箱得到加强 + +这是一个安全更新，目的是将 Firefox 进程与系统的其余部分隔离开来。沙箱环境是一个应用可以在不影响任何外部应用，或与任何外部应用程序交互的情况下运行的环境。这个特别的更新禁止了 Web 进程和 X 服务器的任何互动。X 服务器（X11）是大多数 Linux 发行版中使用的默认 GUI 服务器。 + +Snap、Flatpak 和 Appimage 已经提供了其应用程序的沙盒版本。如果你是一个 Snap 或者 Appimage 用户，这是个好消息。然而，有 [报道称][3] 这会破坏硬件加速功能。 + +_硬件加速是应用程序将某些任务加载到硬件的过程，从而提高性能和提高硬件使用效率。糟糕的硬件加速是 Linux 上电池性能不佳的原因之一。_ + +### 结束语 + +总之，这是 Firefox 最后一次大的两位数版本号更新，很高兴看到 Firefox 对隐私和安全的一贯决心。此版本中未解决的一些问题，例如与硬件加速相关的错误，希望在下次更新中得到解决。 + +这就把我们带到了 Firefox 100。每日构建版本的 Firefox 100 已经发布。完整的稳定版本将在 2022.5.3 发布。它承诺提供诸如画中画格式的字幕和改进的硬件加速等功能。你可以通过在每日构建中的 `about:preferences#experimental` 启用 `Firefox 100 User-Agent String` 来尝试 Firefox 的这些实验性版本。 + +想要了解更多？查看一些不为人知的 [Firefox 功能，以获得更好的浏览体验][4]。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/firefox-99-release/ + +作者：[Shobhit Singh][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/zd200572) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/shobhit/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Before-After_gtk_overlay-scrollbars-edited.png +[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Overlay-scrollbar-config-option.png +[3]: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=275415 +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/firefox-useful-features/ diff --git a/sources/news/20220405 Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year.md b/sources/news/20220405 Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year.md deleted file mode 100644 index e406157fa4..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220405 Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,96 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/xfce-terminal-1-0-0-release/" -[#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geelpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year -====== - -The popular terminal emulator found on almost all Xfce-powered distributions, Xfce Terminal has just released its first major upgrade under a new maintainer (and a new versioning scheme). - -Let us take a look at some highlights of the release. - -### New Maintainer & Versioning Scheme - -Igor Zakharov was leading the development from 2016 until 2020. Unfortunately, it was left unmaintained in 2021 when the new maintainer, [Sergios][1] Anestis Kefalidis (also a developer of Thunar file manager), took over the responsibility. - -And, since Sergios took over the project, the versioning scheme has changed. After consultation with the community, Thunar’s old versioning scheme was adopted. - -For instance, version 1.1.x will be the development release, and 1.2.0 will be the next major upgrade. - -Now, with the release of Xfce Terminal 1.0.0, a number of exciting new features have been packed in. - -### New Features - -Some new features in Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 include: - - * Improved customization options - * Overlay scrollbar support - * Command-line option improvements - * More use of XfceTitledDialog - - - -#### Better Customization Options - -As with many application updates these days, Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 includes plenty of new customization options. Perhaps my favorite, the image background feature now has a ‘Fill’ style option. This is accompanied by the ability to temporarily disable the unsafe paste dialog, which has also been revamped. - -Finally, XFCE Terminal has also become one of the first apps to support the new XFCE shortcuts editor. As a result, users no longer need to dive into configuration files, instead of being given a simple UI to use. - -![][2] - -With so many new customization options, I’m sure many people would be happy with a release containing just these. But alas! The developer has managed to squeeze in yet more exciting new features, the next of which is the improved command-line arguments. - -#### Better Command Line Arguments - -With this release, ‘–tab’ and ‘–window’ command line arguments have been fixed to be more intuitive. This fixes a rather [longstanding bug][3] in XFCE Terminal that has been known for almost 6 years. - -Despite the long wait, it has now been fixed. Better late than never, eh? - -Anyway, it is always great to see bugs squashed with every new release, and this trend continues here. - -#### More Use Of Xfce-Specific Widgets - -Although I’m sure many users will probably see this as a downgrade, XFCE Terminal’s use of more XFCE-specific widgets brings numerous advantages. While it does mean more dependencies for non-XFCE users, it means better integration with XFCE. - -It is safe to say that most of the Xfce terminal users stick to the same desktop environment. So, this change should result in greater consistency and UX improvements. - -#### Other Changes - -Other changes in this release include: - - * ‘Scrolling on ouput’ preference improvements - * Right-click behavior customization options - * Code reworking for a smaller codebase - - - -For a full list of features, feel free to refer to the [release notes][4]. The release notes also mention future plans for the next major release, v1.2.0. - -### Wrapping Up - -Overall, Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is looking to be a great release and goes to show the dedication of its new maintainer. - -If you want to try Xfce Terminal 1.0.0, it should be landing in your distribution’s repositories in the following weeks, if not already. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/xfce-terminal-1-0-0-release/ - -作者：[Jacob Crume][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu8-J-XWcXQhoCopBiJ5-uw/videos -[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwOSIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= -[3]: https://bugzilla.xfce.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12926 -[4]: http://users.uoa.gr/~sdi1800073/sources/xfce_blog12.html diff --git a/sources/news/20220407 Linux Mint 21 Code Name Announced with New Upgrade Utility and More.md b/sources/news/20220407 Linux Mint 21 Code Name Announced with New Upgrade Utility and More.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1ac3014292..0000000000 --- a/sources/news/20220407 Linux Mint 21 Code Name Announced with New Upgrade Utility and More.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,63 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Linux Mint 21 Code Name Announced with New Upgrade Utility and More" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/linux-mint-21-announcement/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "lkxed" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Linux Mint 21 Code Name Announced with New Upgrade Utility and More -====== -THE MINT TEAM ANNOUNCED THE UPCOMING LINUX MINT 21 CODENAME, A UTILITY -FOR EASY UPGRADE AND WARPINATOR USE CASES THAT STUNS THE TEAM. -### Linux Mint 21 Announcement and Other Updates - -Firstly, Linux Mint 21 code name is “Vanessa”, and it will be based on [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish][1]. As usual, it will feature its three flagship versions: Xfce, Cinnamon, and MATE. - -Secondly, it is evident that the Mint team chooses Ubuntu 22.04 LTS as the base of Linux Mint 21 for long term support, and it will feature the [Linux Kernel 5.15,][2] which is LTS Kernel. - -In addition to that, the project leader Clement Lefebvre announced [a new upgrade utility][3] (mintupgrade2) that will make life easier for people planning to upgrade to Linux Mint 21. Historically, upgrading to major versions of Mint is a complex terminal-driven process and generally difficult for average users. - -![Mint upgrade 2 utility announced with Linux Mint 21][4] - -So, looking at the user base, it is a significant step for the team to develop this utility for their users. Clement Lefebvre promises that the new utility will be completely graphical, have manageable steps and instructions to follow, localization with language, armed with pre-checks for the complex upgrade processes, configurable and easy to understand instructions to users. - -This tool will be the primary utility for Linux Mint 20 to 21 upgrade when released around the May-June timeframe. Moreover, the new utility promises to give you warnings about custom PPAs and orphaned packages, reducing your worries before upgrading. Honestly, this will be one of the best tools that the Mint team brings to the table for their users. - -#### Other updates - -Not only these updates, but the team also informed that the file transfer tool Warpinator is used by several users worldwide for some strange use cases – which the team never thought of before. For example, people used Warpinator to transfer files between Windows and Steam deck from Valve, displayed [here][5]. - -With that said, Warpinator now has a BETA release [for iOS][6] users. You can now quickly transfer files between your Apple systems to any other system, including Android, Linux, or Windows. Fantastic piece of application from the team. - -_You can read about Linux Mint 21 announcement and more in the official [blog][7]._ - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][8], [Twitter][9], [YouTube][10], and [Facebook][11] and never miss an update! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/linux-mint-21-announcement/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/ -[3]: https://github.com/linuxmint/mintupgrade2 -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Mint-upgrade-2-utility-announced-with-Linux-Mint-21.jpg -[5]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHdQT6kI6Q8 -[6]: https://www.reddit.com/r/linuxmint/comments/rn04lw/interest_in_warpinator_for_ios/ -[7]: https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4293 -[8]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[9]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[10]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[11]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/talk/20220403 Is this the End of the road for elementary OS.md b/sources/talk/20220403 Is this the End of the road for elementary OS.md deleted file mode 100644 index f002c7ee1a..0000000000 --- a/sources/talk/20220403 Is this the End of the road for elementary OS.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,83 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Is this the End of the road for elementary OS?" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/end-of-elementary-os/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Is this the End of the road for elementary OS? -====== -Cassidy James, the founder of elementary OS, has resigned from his role -as per his recent note. Here’s our take on this topic with possible -future. -Cassidy James, the founder of elementary OS, has resigned from his role as per his recent note. Here’s our take on this topic with possible future. - -![elementary OS 6 ODIN Desktop][1] - -When elementary OS was first released a decade back, it was a radical step in the Linux Desktop space. Cassidy had a vision that the developers and contributors since, and it’s been adopted by users worldwide. Its Pantheon Desktop is one of the best desktops designed from the ground up with aesthetics and productivity in mind. - -Over the years, elementary has grown. The user base and popularity have increased because it was stable, based on Ubuntu LTS and a perfect desktop for those who want a macOS like a user interface in Linux. The Flatpak based App Store is one of the best app stores in the Linux ecosystem with curated applications. - -But all these good works and user feedback are not profitable if you run a company with free software unless you have a corporate backup and other revenue models. - -### Why this situation and is this the end of the elementary OS? - -The elementary has a “pay for a download” revenue model, which is optional. But with the pandemic situation for two years, the revenue from the sales dropped, and the leadership had cut short the salaries of the full-time employees and medical benefits to sustain the company. - -_“Each release since I joined elementary full time performed even better sales-wise than the last, until OS 6 and 6.1 which performed far worse than expected, likely in part due to the ongoing global pandemic—people were seemingly less likely to pay an optional amount to download an operating system when they could just get it for free. It became clear we needed to re-prioritize our company finances while staying firm in our open-source, privacy-centric, and ethical funding beliefs,”_ said Cassidy in his farewell note. - -The pandemic hit everyone and everything financially across the world. The [elementary OS 6 Odin][2] release did not go well. There were some bugs, issues with Nvidia cards and other problems – the Covid pandemic and lack of contribution impacted the quality of the software. This eventually impacted the optional paid download revenue. - -The optional paid download model, the GitHub sponsorship, is insufficient to sustain a business or a large scale project. If you look at other open-source mainstream projects – such as Fedora Linux, GNOME, KDE Plasma – they all have substantial corporate donations from big enterprises such as Red Hat, IBM, Google, etc. And there is a reason for it. All these big corporations have commercial benefits from these open source projects down the line. But things were a little different for elementary OS. - -[][3] - -SEE ALSO:   elementary OS 6 Beta Released. Download and Test Now! - -Cassidy also writes, _“As a result, Dani has asked me to resign and completely step away from elementary. When seeking out another position, this was not my intention, but Dani has been adamant. In the end, I have decided that the best course of action is indeed for me to move on; I’m giving up on my decade-plus passion for elementary and have accepted an offer for Dani to be the sole, 100% owner of elementary, Inc. I’ve signed my resignation. As of today, she now owns the entirety of the company shares and responsibility. I wish her the best in continuing its legacy.”_ - -### Looking Ahead - -Honestly, I can feel Cassidy’s emotion in his farewell note. It isn’t easy to give up a project or passion you have built over the years. There are countless hours you invest in a vision for the greater good of the community. Your emotions are attached to it. And it isn’t easy to give up. - -No one can predict the future. So, we don’t know what will happen to the elementary OS as a project in the coming days. When this situation occurs, an open-source company eventually becomes a community project with a much wider audience and contributions. I feel the new leaders need to look at the future road map of elementary in Linux Distribution or Desktop space. - -Because GNOME 42+ with GTK4/libadwaita looks promising, the elementary OS may lose its user base to GNOME. In this scenario, the only selling point is the Pantheon Desktop, which needs to be more polished and marketable while the new leadership looks for better revenue models. - -We hope, as a community, the elementary OS continues to push releases, if required, to make it a community project without the GitHub sponsorship wall. And I think looking for funding or donations from enterprises also can be one of the long term options to sustain. - -No open-source project should be discontinued. I hope the new leadership should look for a better revenue model to sustain the project. Nothing is impossible if you keep a positive mind. - -So, what are your opinions about this entire situation? Let me know in the comment box down below. - -Cheers. - -_Via [Cassidy’s blog][4]_ - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][5], [Twitter][6], [YouTube][7], and [Facebook][8] and never miss an update! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/end-of-elementary-os/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/elementary-OS-6-ODIN-Desktop-1024x576.jpeg -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/08/elementary-os-6-odin-review/ -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/elementary-os-6-beta/ -[4]: https://cassidyjames.com/blog/farewell-elementary/ -[5]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[6]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[7]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[8]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md b/sources/tech/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md deleted file mode 100644 index 13621bbcd5..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,303 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: (Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi) -[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/3/router-raspberry-pi) -[#]: author: (Lukas Janėnas https://opensource.com/users/lukasjan) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) - -Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi -====== -Use OpenWRT to get more control over your network's router. -![Mesh networking connected dots][1] - -The Raspberry Pi is a small, single-board computer that, despite being the size of a credit card, is capable of doing a lot of things. In reality, this little computer can be almost anything you want to be. You just need to open up your imagination. - -Raspberry Pi enthusiasts have made many different projects, from simple programs to complex automation projects and solutions like weather stations or even smart-home devices. This article will show how to turn your Raspberry Pi into a router with LTE mobile connectivity using the OpenWRT project. - -### About OpenWRT and LTE - -[OpenWRT][2] is an open source project that uses Linux to target embedded devices. It's been around for more than 15 years and has a large and active community. - -There are many ways to use OpenWRT, but its main purpose is in routers. It provides a fully writable filesystem with package management, and because it is open source, you can see and modify the code and contribute to the ecosystem. If you would like to have more control over your router, this is the system you want to use. - -Long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA technologies. The LTE modem I'm using is a USB device that can add 3G or 4G (LTE) cellular connectivity to a Raspberry Pi computer. - -![Teltonika TRM240 modem][3] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -### Prerequisites - -For this project, you will need: - - * A Raspberry Pi with a power cable - * A computer, preferably running Linux - * A microSD card with at least 16GB - * An Ethernet cable - * An LTE modem (I am using a Teltonika [TRM240][5]) - * A SIM card for mobile connectivity - - - -### Install OpenWRT - -To get started, download the latest [Raspberry Pi-compatible release of OpenWRT][6]. On the OpenWRT site, you see four images: two with **ext4** and two with **squashfs** filesystems. I use the **ext4** filesystem. You can download either the **factory** or **sysupgrade** image; both work great. - -![OpenWRT image files][7] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -Once you download the image, you need to extract it and install it on the SD card by [following these instructions][8]. It can take some time to install the firmware, so be patient. Once it's finished, there will be two partitions on your microSD card. One is used for the bootloader and the other one for the OpenWRT system. - -### Boot up the system - -To boot up your new system, insert the microSD card into the Raspberry Pi, connect the Pi to your router (or a switch) with an Ethernet cable, and power it on. - -If you're experienced with the Raspberry Pi, you may be used to accessing it through a terminal over SSH, or just by connecting it to a monitor and keyboard. OpenWRT works a little differently. You interact with this software through a web browser, so you must be able to access your Pi over your network. - -By default, the Raspberry Pi uses this IP address: 192.168.1.1. The computer you use to configure the Pi must be on the same subnet as the Pi. If your network doesn't use 192.168.1.x addresses, or if you're unsure, open **Settings** in GNOME, navigate to network settings, select **Manual**, and enter the following IP address and Netmask: - - * **IP address:** 192.168.1.15 - * **Netmask:** 255.255.255.0 - - - -![IP addresses][9] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -Open a web browser on your computer and navigate to 192.168.1.1. This opens an authentication page so you can log in to your Pi. - -![OpenWRT login page][10] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -No password is required yet, so just click the **Login** button to continue. - -### Configure network connection - -The Raspberry Pi has only one Ethernet port, while normal routers have a couple of them: one for WAN (wired area network) and the other for LAN (local area network). You have two options: - - 1. Use your Ethernet port for network connectivity - 2. Use WiFi for network connectivity - - - -**To use Ethernet:** - -Should you decide to use Ethernet, navigate to **Network → Interfaces**. On the configuration page, press the blue **Edit** button that is associated with the **LAN** interface. - -![LAN interface][11] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -A pop-up window should appear. In that window, you need to enter the IP address to match the subnet of the router to which you will connect the Raspberry Pi. Change the Netmask, if needed, and enter the IP address of the router the Raspberry Pi will connect to. - -![Enter IP in the LAN interface][12] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -Save this configuration and connect your Pi to the router over Ethernet. You can now reach the Raspberry Pi with this new IP address. - -Be sure to set a password for your OpenWRT router before you put it into production use! - -**To use WiFi** - -If you would like to connect the Raspberry Pi to the internet through WiFi, navigate to **Network → Wireless**. In the **Wireless** menu, press the blue **Scan** button to locate your home network. - -![Scan the network][13] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -In the pop-up window, find your WiFi network and connect to it. Don't forget to **Save and Apply** the configuration. - -In the **Network → Interfaces** section, you should see a new interface. - -![New interface][14] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -Be sure to set a password for your OpenWRT router before you put it into production use! - -### Install the necessary packages - -By default, the router doesn't have a lot of packages. OpenWRT offers a package manager with a selection of packages you need to install. Navigate to **System → Software** and update your package manager by pressing the button labeled "**Update lists…**". - -![Updating packages][15] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -You will see a lot of packages; you need to install these: - - * usb-modeswitch - * kmod-mii - * kmod-usb-net - * kmod-usb-wdm - * kmod-usb-serial - * kmod-usb-serial-option - * kmod-usb-serial-wwan (if it's not installed) - - - -Additionally, [download this modemmanager package][16] and install it by pressing the button labeled **Upload Package…** in the pop-up window. Reboot the Raspberry Pi for the packages to take effect. - -### Set up the mobile interface - -After all those packages are installed, you can set up the mobile interface. Before connecting the modem to the Raspberry Pi read, the [modem instructions][17] to set it up. Then connect your mobile modem to the Raspberry Pi and wait a little until the modem boots up. - -Navigate to **Network → Interface**. At the bottom of the page, press the **Add new interface…** button. In the pop-up window, give your interface a name (e.g., **mobile**) and select **ModemManager** from the drop-down list. - -![Add a new mobile interface][18] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -Press the button labeled **Create Interface**. You should see a new pop-up window. This is the main window for configuring the interface. In this window, select your modem and enter any other information like an Access Point Name (APN) or a PIN. - -![Configuring the interface][19] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -**Note:** If no modem devices appear in the list, try rebooting your Raspberry Pi or installing the kmod-usb-net-qmi-wwan package. - -When you are done configuring your interface, press **Save** and then **Save and Apply**. Give some time for the system to take effect. If everything went well, you should see something like this. - -![Configured interface][20] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -If you want to check your internet connection over this interface, you can use ssh to connect to your Raspberry Pi shell. In the terminal, enter: - - -``` -`ssh root@192.168.1.1` -``` - -The default IP address is 192.168.1.1; if you changed it, then use that IP address to connect. When connected, execute this command in the terminal: - - -``` -`ping -I ppp0 google.com` -``` - -If everything is working, then you should receive pings back from Google's servers. - -![Terminal interface][21] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -**ppp0** is the default interface name for the mobile interface you created. You can check your interfaces using **ifconfig**. It shows active interfaces only. - -### Set up the firewall - -To get the mobile interface working, you need to configure a firewall for the **mobile** interface and the **lan** interface to direct traffic to the correct interface. - -Navigate to **Network → Firewall**. At the bottom of the page, you should see a section called **Zones**. - -![Firewall zones][22] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -The simplest way to configure the firewall is to adjust the **wan** zone. Press the **Edit** button and in the **Covered networks** option, select your **mobile** interface, and **Save and Apply** your configuration. If you don't want to use WiFi to connect to the internet, you can remove **wwan** from the **Covered networks** or disable the WiFi connection. - -![Firewall zone settings][23] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -If you want to set up individual zones for each interface, just create a new zone and assign the necessary interfaces. For example, you may want to have a mobile zone that covers the mobile interface and is used to forward LAN interface traffic through it. Press the **Add** button, then **Name** your zone, check the **Masquerading** check box, select **Covered Networks**, and choose which zones can forward their traffic. - -![Firewall zone settings][24] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -Then **Save and Apply** the changes. Now you have a new zone. - -### Set up an Access Point - -The last step is to configure a network with an Access Point for your devices to connect to the internet. To set up an Access Point, navigate to **Network → Wireless**. You will see a WiFi device interface, a disabled Access Point named **OpenWRT**, and a connection that is used to connect to the internet over WiFi (if you didn't disable or delete it earlier). On the **Disable** interface, press the **Edit** button, then **Enable** the interface. - -![Enabling wireless network][25] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -If you want, you can change the interface name by editing the **ESSID** option. You can also select which network it will be associated with. By default, it with be associated with the **lan** interface. - -![Configuring the interface][26] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -To add a password for this interface, select the **Wireless Security** tab. In the tab, select the encryption **WPA2-PSK** and enter the password for the interface in the **Key** option field. - -![Setting a password][27] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -Then **Save and Apply** the configuration. If the configuration was set correctly, when scanning available Access Points with your device, you should see a new Access Point with the name you assigned. - -### Additional packages - -If you want, you can download additional packages for your router through the web interface. Just go to **System → Software** and install the package you want from the list or download it from the internet and upload it. If you don't see any packages in the list, press the **Update lists…** button. - -You can also add other repositories that have packages that are good to use with OpenWRT. Packages and their web interfaces are installed separately. The packages that start with the prefix **luci-** are web interface packages. - -![Packages with luci- prefix][28] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -### Give it a try - -This is what my Raspberry Pi router setup looks like. - -![Raspberry Pi router][29] - -(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) - -It not difficult to build a router from a Raspberry Pi. The downside is that a Raspberry Pi has only one Ethernet port. You can add more ports with a USB-to-Ethernet adapter. Don't forget to configure the port on the interface's website. - -OpenWRT supports a large number of mobile modems, and you can configure the mobile interface for any of them with the modemmanager, which is a universal tool to manage modems. - -Have you used your Raspberry Pi as a router? Let us know how it went in the comments. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/21/3/router-raspberry-pi - -作者：[Lukas Janėnas][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/lukasjan -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/mesh_networking_dots_connected.png?itok=ovINTRR3 (Mesh networking connected dots) -[2]: https://openwrt.org/ -[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/lte_modem.png (Teltonika TRM240 modem) -[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ -[5]: https://teltonika-networks.com/product/trm240/ -[6]: https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/19.07.7/targets/brcm2708/bcm2710/ -[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/imagefiles.png (OpenWRT image files) -[8]: https://opensource.com/article/17/3/how-write-sd-cards-raspberry-pi -[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/ipaddresses.png (IP addresses) -[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/openwrt-login.png (OpenWRT login page) -[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/lan-interface.png (LAN interface) -[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/lan-interface-ip.png (Enter IP in the LAN interface) -[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/scannetwork.png (Scan the network) -[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/newinterface.png (New interface) -[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/updatesoftwarelist.png (Updating packages) -[16]: https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/packages-21.02/aarch64_cortex-a53/luci/luci-proto-modemmanager_git-21.007.43644-ab7e45c_all.ipk -[17]: https://wiki.teltonika-networks.com/view/TRM240_SIM_Card -[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/addnewinterface.png (Add a new mobile interface) -[19]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/configureinterface.png (Configuring the interface) -[20]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/configuredinterface.png (Configured interface) -[21]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/terminal.png (Terminal interface) -[22]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/firewallzones.png (Firewall zones) -[23]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/firewallzonesettings.png (Firewall zone settings) -[24]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/firewallzonepriv.png (Firewall zone settings) -[25]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/enablewirelessnetwork.png (Enabling wireless network) -[26]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/interfaceconfig.png (Configuring the interface) -[27]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/interfacepassword.png (Setting a password) -[28]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/luci-packages.png (Packages with luci- prefix) -[29]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/raspberrypirouter.jpg (Raspberry Pi router) diff --git a/sources/tech/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md b/sources/tech/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md deleted file mode 100644 index 64d5afb8f7..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,194 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: (Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted) -[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/linux-parted-cheat-sheet) -[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) - -Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted -====== -Learn the basics of partitioning a new storage device, then download our -cheat sheet to keep info close at hand. -![Cheat Sheet cover image][1] - -In the 21st century, we tend to take data storage for granted. We have lots of it, it's relatively affordable, and there are many different types of storage available. No matter how much cloud storage space you're given for free, there's nothing quite like having a physical hard drive for your really important (or really big, when you live on a slow network) data. However, few hard drives are sold right off the shelf, ready to use—in an ideal configuration, at least. Whether you're buying a new drive or setting up a system with a different configuration, you need to know how to partition a drive on Linux. - -This article demonstrates GNU Parted, one of the best tools for partitioning drives. If you prefer to use a graphical application instead of a terminal command, read my article on [formatting drives for Linux][2]. - -### Disk labels, partitions, and filesystems - -A hard drive doesn't _technically_ require much software to serve as a storage device. However, using a drive without modern conventions like a partition table and filesystem is difficult, impractical, and unsafe for your data. - -There are three important concepts you need to know about hard drives: - - * A **disk label** or **partition table** is metadata placed at the start of a drive, serving as a clue for the computer reading it about what kind of storage is available and where it's located on the drive. - * A **partition** is a boundary identifying where a filesystem is located. For instance, if you have a 512GB drive, you can have a partition on that device that takes up the entire drive (512GB), or two partitions that each take 256GB each, or three partitions taking up some other variation of sizes, and so on. - * A **filesystem** is a storage scheme agreed upon by a hard drive and a computer. A computer must know how to read a filesystem to piece together all the data stored on the drive, and it must know how to write data back to the filesystem to maintain the data's integrity. - - - -The GNU Parted application manages the first two concepts: disk labels and partitions. Parted has some awareness of filesystems, but it leaves the details of filesystem implementation to other tools like `mkfs`. - -**[Download the [GNU Parted cheat sheet][3]]** - -### Locating the drive - -Before using GNU Parted, you must be certain where your drive is located on your system. First, attach the hard drive you want to format to your system, and then use the `parted` command to see what's attached to your computer: - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sda print devices -/dev/sda (2000GB) -/dev/sdb (1000GB) -/dev/sdc (1940MB) -``` - -The device you most recently attached gets a name later in the alphabet than devices that have been attached longer. In this example, `/dev/sdc` is most likely the drive I just attached. I can confirm that by its size because I know that the USB thumb drive I attached is only 2GB (1940MB is close enough), compared to my workstation's main drives, which are terabytes in size. If you're not sure, then you can get more information about the drive you think is the one you want to partition: - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdc print -Model: Yoyodyne Tiny Drive 1.0 (scsi)     -Disk /dev/sdc: 1940MB -Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B -Partition Table: msdos -Disk Flags: - -Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags - 1      1049kB  2048kB  1024kB  BS           Bloat  Hidden - 2      2049kB  1939MB  1937MB  FAT32        MyDrive -``` - -Some drives provide more metadata than others. This one identifies itself as a drive from Yoyodyne, which is exactly the branding on the physical drive. Furthermore, it contains a small hidden partition at the front of the drive with some bloatware followed by a Windows-compatible FAT32 partition. This is definitely the drive I intend to reformat. - -Before continuing, _make sure_ you have identified the correct drive you want to partition. _Repartitioning the wrong drive results in lost data._ For safety, all potentially destructive commands in this article reference the `/dev/sdX` device, which you are unlikely to have on your system. - -### Creating a disk label or partition table - -To create a partition on a drive, the drive must have a disk label. A disk label is also called a _partition table_, so Parted accepts either term. - -To create a disk label, use the `mklabel` or `mktable` subcommand: - - -``` -`$ parted /dev/sdX mklabel gpt` -``` - -This command creates a **gpt** label at the front of the drive located at `/dev/sdX`, erasing any label that may exist. This is a quick process because all that's being replaced is metadata about partitions. - -### Creating a partition - -To create a partition on a drive, use the `mkpart` subcommand, followed by an optional name for your partition, followed by the partition's start and end points. If you only need one partition on your drive, then sizing is easy: start at 1 and end at 100%. Use the `--align opt` option to allow Parted to adjust the position of the partition boundaries for best performance: - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdX --align opt \ -mkpart example 1 100% -``` - -View your new partition with the `print` subcommand: - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdX print -Model: Yoyodyne Tiny Drive 1.0 (scsi) -Disk /dev/sdi: 1940MB -Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B -Partition Table: gpt -Disk Flags: - -Number  Start   End     Size   - 1      1049kB  1939MB  1938MB -``` - -You don't have to use the whole disk for one partition. The advantage to a partition is that more than one filesystem can exist on a drive without interfering with the other partition(s). When sizing partitions, you can use the `unit` subcommand to set what kind of measurements you want to use. Parted understands sectors, cylinders, heads, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and percentages. - -You can also specify what filesystem you intend to use a partition for. This doesn't create the filesystem, but it does provide metadata that could be useful to you later. - -Here's a 50-50 split, one for an XFS filesystem and another for an EXT4 filesystem: - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdX --align opt \ -mkpart xfs 1 50% -$ parted /dev/sdX --align opt \ -mkpart ext4 51% 100% -``` - -### Naming a partition - -In addition to marking what filesystem a partition is for, you can also name each partition. Some file managers and utilities read partition names, which can help you identify drives. For instance, I often have several different drives attached on my media workstation, each belonging to a different project. When creating these drives, I name both the partition and the filesystem so that, no matter how I'm looking at my system, the locations with important data are clearly labeled. - -To name a partition, you must know its number: - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdX print -[...] -Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags - 1      1049kB  990MB   989MB  xfs          example - 2      1009MB  1939MB  930MB  ext4         noname -``` - -To name partition 1: - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdX name 1 example -$ parted /dev/sdX print -[...] -Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags - 1      1049kB  990MB   989MB  xfs          example - 2      1009MB  1939MB  930MB  ext4         noname -``` - -### Create a filesystem - -For your drive to be useful, you must create a filesystem in your new partition. GNU Parted doesn't do that because it's only a partition manager. The Linux command to create a filesystem on a drive is `mkfs`, but there are helpful utilities aliased for you to use to create a specific kind of filesystem. For instance, `mkfs.ext4` creates an EXT4 filesystem, while `mkfs.xfs` creates an XFS filesystem, and so on. - -Your partition is located "in" the drive, so instead of creating a filesystem on `/dev/sdX`, you create your filesystem in `/dev/sdX1` for the first partition, `/dev/sdX2` for the second partition, and so on. - -Here's an example of creating an XFS filesystem: - - -``` -`$ sudo mkfs.xfs -L mydrive /dev/sdX1` -``` - -### Download our cheat sheet - -Parted is a flexible and powerful command. You can issue it commands, as demonstrated in this article, or activate an interactive mode so that you're constantly "connected" to a drive you specify: - - -``` -$ parted /dev/sdX -(parted) print -[...] -Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags - 1      1049kB  990MB   989MB  xfs          example - 2      1009MB  1939MB  930MB  ext4         noname - -(parted) name 1 mydrive -(parted) -``` - -If you intend to use Parted often, [download our GNU Parted cheat sheet][3] so that you have all the subcommands you need close at hand. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/linux-parted-cheat-sheet - -作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coverimage_cheat_sheet.png?itok=lYkNKieP (Cheat Sheet cover image) -[2]: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/partition-format-drive-linux#gui -[3]: https://opensource.com/downloads/parted-cheat-sheet diff --git a/sources/tech/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md b/sources/tech/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md deleted file mode 100644 index 97fd223969..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,282 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: (How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution) -[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/deploy-seafile-server-docker/) -[#]: author: (Hunter Wittenborn https://itsfoss.com/author/hunter/) -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( ) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) - -How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution -====== - -First off, what is Seafile? - -[Seafile][1] is a self-hosted file synchronization program that works with the server-client model, as in you have several devices like your laptop and phone that connect to a central server. - -Unlike some more popular alternatives like [Nextcloud or ownCloud][2], Seafile tries to follow the philosophy of “do one thing only, but do it well”. Likewise, Seafile doesn’t have extra goodies built in like Contacts or Calendar integration. - -Seafile instead focuses solely on file syncing, sharing, and the things surrounding it, and that’s it. As a result of that though, it ends up doing so _extremely_ well. - -### Deploying Seafile Server with Docker and NGINX - -Advanced tutorial - -Most tutorials on It’s FOSS are focused on beginners. This one is not. It is intended for advanced users who tinker a lot with DIY projects and prefer to self-host. -This tutorial presumes that you are comfortable using the command line, and that you are at least decently knowledgeable with the programs we’ll be using. - -While the whole process could be done without using NGINX at all, using NGINX will allow for an easier setup, as well as making it significantly easier to self-host more services in the future. - -If you want to use a full-on Docker setup, you could set up [NGINX inside of Docker][3] as well, but it will only make things more complex and doesn’t add too much of a benefit, and likewise won’t be covered in this tutorial. - -#### Installing and Setting Up NGINX - -_**I will be using Ubuntu in this tutorial and will thus be using apt to install packages. If you use Fedora or some other non-Debian distribution, please use your distribution’s [package manager][4].**_ - -[NGINX][5], as well as being a web server, is what’s known as a proxy. It will function as the connection between the Seafile server and the internet, whilst also making several tasks easier to deal with. - -To install NGINX, use the following command: - -``` -sudo apt install nginx -``` - -If you want to use HTTPS (that little padlock in your browser), you will also need to install [Certbot][6]: - -``` -sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -``` - -Next, you need to configure NGINX to connect to the Seafile instance that we set up later. - -First, run the following command: - -``` -sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/seafile.conf -``` - -Enter the following text into the file: - -``` -server { - server_name localhost; - location / { - proxy_pass http://localhost:8080; - proxy_set_header Host $host; - proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; - } -} -``` - -**Important**: Replace **localhost** on the **server_name** line with the address you’ll be accessing your server from (i.e. **seafile.example.com** or **192.168.0.0**). Not sure what to put? - - * If you are testing just for the sake of it, use localhost. This setup will **only allow you to access the server from your computer**, and that’s it. - * If you want to use Seafile across your local WiFi connection(any device on the same WiFi network as you), you should enter [your computer’s IP address][7]. You may also want to look into [setting a static IP address][8], though it isn’t necessary. - * If you have a public IP address that you know points to your system, use that. - * If you have a domain name(i.e. **example.com**, **example.org**) _and_ a public IP address for your system, change your DNS settings to point the domain name to your system’s IP address. This will also require the public IP address to point to your system. - - - -Now you need to copy the config file to the directory NGINX looks at for files, then restart NGINX: - -``` -sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/seafile.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/seafile.conf -sudo systemctl restart nginx -``` - -If you set up Certbot, you’ll also need to run the following to set up HTTPS: - -``` -sudo certbot -``` - -If asked to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, choose **2**. - -Now would be a good time to make sure everything we’ve set up so far is working. If you visit your site, you should get a screen that says something on the lines of `502 Bad Gateway`. - -![][9] - -#### Install Docker and Docker Compose - -Now to get into the fun stuff! - -First things first, you need to have [Docker][10] and [Docker Compose][11] installed. Docker Compose is needed to utilize a docker-compose.yml file, which will make managing the various Docker [containers][12] Seafile needs easier. - -Docker and Docker Compose can be installed with the following command: - -``` -sudo apt install docker.io docker-compose -``` - -To check if Docker is installed and running, run the following: - -``` -sudo docker run --rm hello-world -``` - -You should see something along the lines of this in your terminal if it completed successfully: - -![][13] - -If you would like to avoid adding `sudo` to the beginning of the `docker` command, you can run the following commands to add yourself to the `docker` group: - -``` -sudo groupadd docker -sudo usermod -aG docker $USER -``` - -The rest of this tutorial assumes you ran the above two commands. If you didn’t, add `sudo` to all commands that start with `docker` or `docker-compose`. - -#### Installing Seafile Server - -This part is significantly easier than the part before this. All you need to do is put some text into a file and run a few commands. - -Open up a terminal. Then create a directory where you’d like the contents of the Seafile server to be stored and enter the directory: - -``` -mkdir ~/seafile-server && cd ~/seafile-server -``` - -![][14] - -Go to the directory you created and run the following: - -``` -nano docker-compose.yml -``` - -Next, enter the text below into the window that pops up: - -``` -version: '2.0' -services: - db: - image: mariadb - container_name: seafile-mysql - environment: - - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=password - - MYSQL_LOG_CONSOLE=true - volumes: - - ./data/mariadb:/var/lib/mysql - networks: - - seafile-net - - memcached: - image: memcached - container_name: seafile-memcached - entrypoint: memcached -m 256 - networks: - - seafile-net - - seafile: - image: seafileltd/seafile-mc - container_name: seafile - ports: - - "8080:80" - volumes: - - ./data/app:/shared - environment: - - DB_HOST=db - - DB_ROOT_PASSWD=password - - TIME_ZONE=Etc/UTC - - [email protected] - - SEAFILE_ADMIN_PASSWORD=password - - SEAFILE_SERVER_LETSENCRYPT=false - - SEAFILE_SERVER_HOSTNAME=docs.seafile.com - depends_on: - - db - - memcached - networks: - - seafile-net - -networks: - seafile-net: -``` - -Before saving the file, a few things will need to be changed: - - * **MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD**: Change to a stronger password, you _don’t_ need to remember this, so don’t try to pick anything easy. If you need help making one, use a [password generator][15]. I’d recommend 20 characters long and avoiding any special characters(all the **[[email protected]][16]#$%^&*** symbols). - * **DB_ROOT_PASSWD**: Change to the value you set for ****MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD****. - * ****SEAFILE_ADMIN_EMAIL****: Sets the email address for the admin account. - * **SEAFILE_ADMIN_PASSWORD**: Sets the password for the admin account. Avoid making this the same as **MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD** or **DB_ROOT_PASSWD**. - * **SEAFILE_SERVER_HOSTNAME**: Set to the address you set in the NGINX configuration. - - - -With that done, you can bring up the whole thing with `docker-compose`: - -``` -docker-compose up -d -``` - -It might take a minute or two depending on your internet connection, as it has to pull down several containers that Seafile needs to run. - -After it’s done, give it a few more minutes to finish up. You can also check the status of it by running the following: - -``` -docker logs seafile -``` - -When it’s done, you’ll see the following output: - -![][17] - -Next, just type the address you set for ****SEAFILE_SERVER_HOSTNAME**** into your browser, and you should be at a login screen. - -![][18] - -And there you go! Everything’s now fully functional and ready to be used with the clients. - -#### Installing the Seafile Clients - -Seafile on mobile is available on [Google Play][19], [F-Droid][20], and on the [iOS App Store][21]. Seafile also has desktop clients available for Linux, Windows, and Mac, available [here][22]. - -Seafile is readily available on Ubuntu systems via the `seafile-gui` package: - -``` -sudo apt install seafile-gui -``` - -Seafile is also in the AUR for Arch users via the `seafile-client` package. - -### Closing Up - -Feel free to explore the clients and all they have to offer. I’ll go into all of what the Seafile clients are capable of in a future article (stay tuned 😃). - -If something’s not working right, or you just have a question in general, feel free to leave it in the comments below – I’ll try to respond whenever I can! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/deploy-seafile-server-docker/ - -作者：[Hunter Wittenborn][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/hunter/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.seafile.com/en/home/ -[2]: https://itsfoss.com/nextcloud-vs-owncloud/ -[3]: https://linuxhandbook.com/nginx-reverse-proxy-docker/ -[4]: https://itsfoss.com/package-manager/ -[5]: https://www.nginx.com/ -[6]: https://certbot.eff.org/ -[7]: https://itsfoss.com/check-ip-address-ubuntu/ -[8]: https://itsfoss.com/static-ip-ubuntu/ -[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/nginx_bad_gateway.png?resize=489%2C167&ssl=1 -[10]: https://www.docker.com/ -[11]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/ -[12]: https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container -[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/seafile-docker-helloworld.png?resize=752%2C416&ssl=1 -[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/seafile-dir.png?resize=731%2C174&ssl=1 -[15]: https://itsfoss.com/password-generators-linux/ -[16]: https://itsfoss.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection -[17]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/seafile-running.png?resize=752%2C484&ssl=1 -[18]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/seafile-login.jpg?resize=800%2C341&ssl=1 -[19]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.seafile.seadroid2 -[20]: https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdid=com.seafile.seadroid2 -[21]: https://itunes.apple.com/cn/app/seafile-pro/id639202512?l=en&mt=8 -[22]: https://www.seafile.com/en/download/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index a6b8764302..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,111 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/2/configure-vim-default-editor" -[#]: author: "David Both https://opensource.com/users/dboth" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux -====== -Vim is my favorite editor. These changes to my system make Vim available -as the default in programs that use a different editor by default. -![Person using a laptop][1] - -I have used Linux for about 25 years and Unix for a few years before that. During that time, I have developed preferences for some tools that I use daily. One of the most important tools I use is the Vim editor. - -I started using Vi when I learned Solaris in the early ‘90s because I was told that it would always be available on any system, which is true in my experience. I have tried other editors, and they all do the job. However, I find that Vim works best for me, and I use it so much that my Vim muscle memory causes me to attempt to use its command keystrokes even with other editors. - -Plus, I just really like Vim. - -Many configuration files use Vi instead of Vim, and you can run the `vi` command. However, the `vi` command is a link to `vim`. - -Many Linux tools use editors that emulate or just call [Nano][2], [Emacs][3], or Vim. Some other tools allow users—like those with clear preferences—to link to their favorite editor. The two examples that affected me the most were Bash command-line editing, which defaults to Emacs, and the Alpine text-mode email client, which defaults to the Pico editor. In fact, the Pico editor was written explicitly for use in the Pine email client, which is the predecessor to Alpine. - -Not all programs that use external editors are configurable. Some use only the editor specified by the developer. For those applications that are configurable, there are different methods for selecting your preferred editor. - -### Linux command-line editing - -Besides actually editing text files, the other tool I use that requires the most editing is the Bash shell. The default Bash editor is Emacs. Although I have used Emacs, I definitely prefer Vim. So many years ago, I switched the default editing style for Bash command-line editing from Emacs to Vim, which is much more comfortable for me. - -There are a couple of ways to configure Bash. You can use a local configuration file, such as `/home/yourhomedirectory/.bashrc`, which only changes the default for your user account and not for other users on the same system. I prefer to make these types of changes global, which basically means my personal account and root. In this second case, you can create your own configuration file and place it in the `/etc/profile.d` directory. - -I added a file named `myBashConfig.sh` to `/etc/profile.d`. There are files for all the installed shells in the `/etc/profile.d` directory. During the launch of a terminal session, each shell reads only the files intended for it based on the file name extensions. For example, the Bash shell only reads the files with a `.sh` extension. - - -``` - - -<SNIP> -alias vim='vim -c "colorscheme desert" ' -# Set vi for bash editing mode -set -o vi -# Set vi as the default editor for all apps that check this -EDITOR=vi -<SNIP> - -``` - -The line **set -o vi** in this global Bash configuration file segment sets Vi as the default editor. The **-o** option on this **set** command defines vi as the editor. You need to close any running Bash sessions and open new ones for this to take effect. - -At this point, you can now use all of your familiar Vim editing commands, including cursor movement. Just press the **Escape** key to enter Vim editing mode. I especially like the ability to use **b** multiple times to move the cursor back multiple words. - -### Set Vim as the default for other programs - -Some Linux command-line tools and programs check the **$EDITOR** environment variable to determine which editor to use. You can check the current value of this variable for yourself using the following command. I did this on one of my newly installed virtual machines to verify what the default actually is. - - -``` - - -# echo $EDITOR -/usr/bin/nano -# - -``` - -By default, Fedora programs that check the **$EDITOR** environment variable will use the Nano editor. Adding the line **EDITOR=vi** as shown in the snippet above to `myBashConfig.sh` changes the default to the Vi (Vim) editor. Not all command-line programs that use an external editor check this environment variable. - -### Edit email in Alpine - -A few weeks ago, I decided that Pico was just not working well for me as my email editor. I could make it work and did for some time after switching to [Alpine][4] from Thunderbird. I found that Pico was getting in my way when I tried to use Vim key sequences, impacting my productivity. - -I read in the Alpine Help that it is possible to change the default editor. I decided to change it to Vim. This is actually very easy to do. - -On the Alpine main menu, press the **S** key to enter setup and then **C** for configuration. In the _Composer Preferences_ section, select the _Enable Alternate Editor Command_ and _Enable Alternate Editor Implicitly_ items with an **X**. Several pages down in the _Advanced User Preferences_ section, find the **Editor** line. It should look like this if it has not already been changed. - - -``` -`Editor    = ` -``` - -Highlight this **Editor** line with the cursor bar, and press **Enter** to edit the line. Change **<No Value Set>** to **vim**, press **Enter**, and then press the **E** key to exit and **Y** to save the changes you have made. - -To edit an email message using Vim, just enter the email body, and Vim starts automatically, just like Pico does. All of my favorite editing capabilities are there because it is actually using Vim. Even the **Esc :wq** sequence to exit Vim is the same. - -### Final thoughts - -I much prefer Vim to other editors, and these changes to my system make it available as the default in programs that use a different editor by default. Some programs use the **$EDITOR** environment variable, so you only need to make that change once. Other programs like Alpine have user configuration options that you must set individually for each program. - -This ability to select your preferred external editor is quite in line with the Unix Philosophy tenet, “Each program should do one thing and do it well.” Why write another editor when there are several perfectly good ones out there? And it also meets the Linux Philosophy tenet, “Use your favorite editor.” - -Of course, you can change your default text-mode editor to Nano, Pico, EMACS, or any other one that you prefer. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/configure-vim-default-editor - -作者：[David Both][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/dboth -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/laptop_screen_desk_work_chat_text.png?itok=UXqIDRDD (Person using a laptop) -[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/gnu-nano -[3]: https://opensource.com/tags/emacs -[4]: https://opensource.com/article/21/5/alpine-linux-email diff --git a/sources/tech/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md b/sources/tech/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md deleted file mode 100644 index a39b13a2d5..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,168 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 – Perfection with Stability [Review]" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/linux-mint-debian-edition-5-review/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "robsean" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 – Perfection with Stability [Review] -====== -WE REVIEW THE RECENTLY RELEASED LINUX MINT DEBIAN EDITION 5 (LMDE 5) IN -TERMS OF PERFORMANCE, STABILITY & USER-FRIENDLINESS. HERE’S WHAT WE HAVE -FOUND. -The Linux Mint team announced the release of Linux Mint Debian Edition LMDE 5 (LMDE 5) after more than two years since its predecessor LMDE 4 (Debbie). LMDE 5 is based on [Debian 11 Bullseye][1] that brings LTS Linux Kernel 5.10 and Debian package base. Most of the applications and packages are almost identical with Linux Mint 20.3 except the Kernel version. - -That said, let’s dig in. - -### Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 Review - -We tested Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 (LMDE 5) in actual older hardware with the below spec. - - * Intel Core i3 1st Gen - * 4GB DDR3 SDRAM - * Broadcom chip - * NVIDIA® GeForce® 315M - * SSD Storage - - - -#### ISO Download, LIVE Medium and Installation - -Finding the ISO and downloading it from the newly designed Linux Mint website is easy. The LIVE medium boot went fine, and the installation icon at the desktop kicked off the installer. - -LMDE uses a modified version of the Debian installer. It is not Calamares. The vanilla Debian installer is tricky and somewhat [confusing for new users][2] [my opinion]. But Linux Mint team makes it very easy to install with just a few steps and removed all the confusing items from the Debian installer. - -You need to provide the location, keyboard layout, name and credentials and you are ready to install. The partition system of the installer uses GParted, which is friendly and handy. - -So, the installation went smooth in virtual machines and physical hardware for my test. - -The physical system took 4 to 5 minutes, while the virtual system took around 3 minutes for installation. - -#### First Impression - -![Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 \(LMDE5\) Desktop][3] - -If you were familiar with Linux Mint earlier with Cinnamon desktop, you would not find any difference in the Debian edition. They are the same. If you are new to Linux Mint Cinnamon, then a nice and clean desktop welcomes you after you finish your installation. - -The desktop icons, well-adjusted colours and themes, bottom taskbar, system tray – everything is well organised and can get you started in no time. - -Whether you use low-end or high-end hardware – Linux Mint Debian edition is fast on response and working in applications. The application switching and overall desktop response are solid. - -You get well-tested applications and packages that seldom break based on Debian stability. That means no more worries about conflicting packages, missing updates and the usual issues with Linux systems. - -#### Pre-Installed Applications - -One of the advantages of Linux Mint (not only the Debian Edition) is its pre-loaded applications. Many Linux distributions do not include necessary applications in the ISO installer because of several reasons such as ISO size, etc. - -But Linux Mint team thinks about their users and packages all the necessary applications that you need. This takes care of the needs of most of the user base. It helps reduce the end-users burden on searching and installing compatible applications after installing Linux Mint Debian Edition 5. - -[][4] - -SEE ALSO:   Zorin OS 16 Lite Review - Perfect Combination of Beauty, Performance and Simplicity - -For example, with Linux Mint Debian Edition 5, the following essential apps are installed by default and ready to use. - - * Pencil Drawing App - * Media: Celluloid media player, Hypnotix, Rythmbox - * Torrent client Transmission 3.0 - * Complete Office suite: LibreOffice 7.0 - * Email Client: Thunderbird 91.0 - * Web browser: Firefox 97.0 - - - -That’s not all. You get a dedicated native application for all the below use cases. A user need not to look for a separate app for these. - - * Screenshot and screensaver - * Tool for reducing eye strain - * USB format tool and Image Writer - * Sticky Pad - * Synaptic Package Manager - * System backup and restore - * Firewall utility - - - -#### How LMDE5 is performing? - -It is always fascinating to see a distro performing as per the expectation. And Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 performed well above expectations. - -During an idle state, it is consuming 750 MB of RAM and the CPU is at 2%. - -![Performance During the light workload][5] - -Then I ran it through a heavy workload with the followings. - - * Firefox with three tabs open and one of them playing one YouTube video - * LibreOffice Calc one sheet open - * Drawing app with one instance - * Settings - * One terminal window - * File manager - - - -With the above workload, it is consuming around 1.5 GB of RAM and the CPU is at 14%. Most of the resources are consumed by Firefox, obviously. - -![Performance During heavy workload][6] - -In my opinion, it is a perfect metric and well-optimised distribution for older hardware. The above metric is measured on the physical system. - -#### Connectivity - -Connectivity is an integral part of any OS. So, Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 can connect to WiFi (with an old Broadcom chip) and link to Bluetooth speakers without any additional tweaking. - -The volume controls worked well with the Bluetooth daemon during my test. - -Also, we tested the USB hot plug-in and it is detected and mounted automatically without any problem. - -So, no surprises there, which is expected. - -### Any Bugs? - -I have not encountered any bugs during my test. Everything worked well. - -But one of the problems I found when I closed my physical test system laptop lid. It went to standby. But did not wake up. I could not see the login screen. The screen is black without any cursor. I had to do a hard reboot to get into the system. - -It might be a hardware-specific issue on my test device. I believe it will not be of any concern for newer systems. - -### Summary - -To wrap up the Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 review, it is by far the most stable and well optimised Linux Distribution. You can trust this version for your daily driver and if you are planning to use a system for two years or more. So, if you need a non-Ubuntu based stable system, fast, low maintenance and long-running daily driver for your old or new systems, this is a perfect choice. Go for it. - -You can download Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 [on the official website][7]. - -Cheers. - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][8], [Twitter][9], [YouTube][10], and [Facebook][11] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/linux-mint-debian-edition-5-review/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/debian-11-features/ -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-debian-buster/ -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Linux-Mint-Debian-Edition-5-LMDE5-Desktop-1024x580.jpg -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/zorin-os-16-lite-review-xfce/ -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Performance-During-light-workload-1024x606.jpg -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Performance-During-heavy-workload-1024x601.jpg -[7]: https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=297 -[8]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[9]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[10]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[11]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220402 CrunchBang-- Linux - The Ultimate Lightweight and Stable Linux Distribution.md b/sources/tech/20220402 CrunchBang-- Linux - The Ultimate Lightweight and Stable Linux Distribution.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1e3d529f8f..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220402 CrunchBang-- Linux - The Ultimate Lightweight and Stable Linux Distribution.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,173 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "CrunchBang++ Linux – The Ultimate Lightweight and Stable Linux Distribution" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/crunchbang-linux-review/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -CrunchBang++ Linux – The Ultimate Lightweight and Stable Linux Distribution -====== -WE REVIEW THE DEBIAN BASED, OPENBOX POWERED LIGHTWEIGHT LINUX -DISTRIBUTION CRUNCHBANG++ LINUX AND GUIDE YOU IF YOU PLAN TO USE IT. -The CrunchBang++ Linux is a successor of the unique CrunchBang project, which is now discontinued. The earlier CrunchBang Linux was popular because of its using very minimal system resources and being friendly on low-end hardware. CrunchBang++ also has a 32-bit installer (rare these days) for outdated hardware or PCs. - -We received some comments about not featuring CrunchBang++ in our earlier article on [top lightweight Linux Distributions][1]. So, we wanted to do a deep dive on this super-thin Linux Distribution in terms of performance, Accessibility and other factors. Let’s dig in. - -### CrunchBang++ Linux Review - -![CrunchBang++ Linux Desktop with Openbox][2] - -#### LIVE Medium and Installation - -As of writing this review, CrunchBang++ is based on the latest Debian 11 Bullseye and provides both 32-bit and 64-bit ISO variants. You can get your copy from the [official website][3]. For this review, we have used the 64-bit installer. The 64-bit installer size is 1.6GB, which is perfect if you compare the popular Linux Distribution ISO size today. For example, the latest Ubuntu 64-bit desktop ISO is 3.2GB+, which is enormous. - -The installer boot menu provides the option to test the LIVE image and kick off the installation. If you are planning to try the LIVE image first, go ahead. But you can not start the installation from the LIVE medium! Instead, you have to boot again and choose the install option. The Live desktop user id and password are both ‘live’. - -![Installation in the boot menu][4] - -The installation in both physical and virtual machines ([virt-manager][5]) went fine. CrunchBang++ uses Debian’s native installer, which is a little complex. But you can easily install it by following the on-screen instructions. You may want to check out our [Debian Installation guide][6] if you are new to Debian installer. - -Installation time is around 5 to 10 minutes on average in virtual and physical systems. - -#### First Look with Desktop - -CrunchBang++ gives you the classic Openbox window manager experience. The login screen is surprisingly clean and perfect, with only the option to enter your credentials. - -If you are running it for the first time, a welcome script will guide you to check the internet speed, update your system, etc. - -![The welcome script][7] - -The Openbox itself is fast and clean. The desktop brings a clean look with its pre-configured SBPP Openbox theme with the following components – - - * [gmrun][8] – a lightweight application launcher - * [Tint2][9] panel, which is at the top of the desktop - * [dmenu][10] – the simple dynamic menu system - - - -You can configure each of them with easy configuration options accessible from the right-click menu. -By default, two workspaces are accessible via the top panel. The top panel also have the basic tray icons for your needs: - - * Volume Control - * Network connections - * Language tool - * Battery monitor - * Clipboard manager - - - -Being a window manager, you do not have an application view. But with the gmrun application launcher, it’s super easy to launch any application. However, the primary Openbox right-click menu gives you all the options whenever you need any application to launch. - -#### Accessibility and applications - -CrunchBang++ only includes the minimum required applications to keep the ISO and installation lightweight. The following applications are pre-installed. - - * GIMP - * Thunar File Manager - * Catfish File Search - * Gnumeric - * VLC Media Player - * Filezilla - * Remote Desktop Client - * Transmission Torrent Client - * Screenshot utility - * Geany Text Editor - - - -[][11] - -SEE ALSO:   ExTiX 21.1 Released based on latest Deepin Desktop [Review] - -The powerful Synaptic package manager takes care of all your software needs. LibreOffice is not installed by default, so you need to install it separately. There is no utility for centralized settings, so you may feel the lack of a settings manager, sometimes. - -#### Performance and Resource Usage - -The performance of CrunchBang++ is perfect for lightweight distribution. - -This distro uses 585 MB of RAM, and the CPU is at 1% in an idle state. If you keep the system running for an hour or more in an inactive state, the RAM is further reduced to around 350 MB. This is an impressive metric. - -![Performance During Idle State][12] - -To test the heavy workload, we opened one instance of the below application in CrunchBang++: - - * Firefox with two tabs - * Thunar File Manager - * GIMP - * Gnumeric - * Text Editor - * Terminal - * Catfish File Search - - - -This workload uses 1.07 GB of RAM, and the CPU is at 5%-7%. - -The default installation of this distro uses 4 GB of disk space. - -![Performance During Heavy workload State][13] - -#### Connectivity - -We ran it through various Connectivity tests as outlined below. And it passed each of them except Bluetooth. - - * Wifi detection and connection – works perfectly - * It aligned correctly with multiple displays and resolution config (thanks to the pre-installed ARandR). - * Auto-detection of USB (even in virtual machine mode) – works well - - - -There is no utility available for Bluetooth enable, discovery and connect (like some of the Xfce desktop flavours). So, if you install a utility, you should be all set. - -#### Things that did not go well with CrunchBang++ - -In my opinion, this Linux distribution should be used by little experienced users who are okay to navigate around errors in Linux in general and comfortable using the terminal when needed. - -I found some of the items that I think are required with default installations. There is no way to configure the Mouse, Keyboard in this distro. No utility is pre-installed. You can, however, tweak them via the terminal. You may need to install additional applications to configure those. - -There are some bugs in the right-click menu with recent applications and some in the Nitrogen wallpaper changer. However, they are not a showstopper for your day to day usage. - -So, overall I think it’s stable and can work well despite the missing pieces. - -### Summary and Conclusion - -While wrapping up the CrunchBang++ review, I am compelled to say that it is one of the efficient and functional Linux distribution. It might not be the shiny and glittery desktop out there, but a stable and productive Linux Distribution that can run on any hardware. You can easily use it for your daily driver and keep on using it for years without formatting your entire system. A great piece of software from the people involved with CrunchBang++. - -Cheers. - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][14], [Twitter][15], [YouTube][16], and [Facebook][17] and never miss an update! - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/crunchbang-linux-review/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/lightweight-linux-distributions-2022/ -[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/CrunchBang-Linux-Desktop-with-Openbox-1024x576.jpg -[3]: https://crunchbangplusplus.org/ -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Installation-in-boot-menu.jpg -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/11/virt-manager/ -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-debian-buster/ -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/The-welcome-script.jpg -[8]: https://github.com/WdesktopX/gmrun -[9]: https://gitlab.com/o9000/tint2 -[10]: https://tools.suckless.org/dmenu/ -[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/extix-21-1-review/ -[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Performance-During-Idle-State.jpg -[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Performance-During-Heavy-workload-State.jpg -[14]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[15]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[16]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[17]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md b/sources/tech/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8fc5203a10..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,137 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak" -[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/unsnap-migrate-snap-to-flatpak/" -[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak -====== - -Don’t like using Snap? - -Well, you can always stick to the traditional binary packages (deb/rpm) or opt for [Flatpak][1]. - -But, what if you already rely on apps from the Snap store? - -It will be time-consuming to manually remove the apps, get rid of Snap, install Flatpak, and install all the Flatpak packages. - -That’s where “Unsnap” comes to the rescue. - -Unsnap is an open-source utility developed by a former Snap advocate at Canonical, **Alan Pope** to help you quickly migrate from using snap packages to Flatpaks. - -### Unsnap: Here’s How it Works - -Note that the utility is still in its pre-alpha phase, you can test it out, but you may want to do some research if you want to help improve it and try it for yourself. - -Basically, the tool generates scripts to help you do the following (in the particular order): - - * Backup existing Snaps. - * Install Flatpak (if not already present). - * Enable Flathub. - * Install the Flatpaks for the same Snap applications. - * Remove Snap applications for the Flatpaks installed. - * Remove all Snaps. - - - -While the scripts are generated automatically when you run the tool, you can choose to run those scripts manually or automatically one-by-one to switch away to Flatpaks. - -### How to Test Unsnap? - -![][2] - -You might have a vague idea of how it’s achieved looking at the screenshot above. You can also refer to its [GitHub page][3] for the latest information. - -For reference, let me highlight the steps for you: - -#### 1\. Clone the GitHub Repository - -Make sure you have [Git installed on your Linux distro][4]. Once done, you can type in the following command: - -``` - - git clone https://github.com/popey/unsnap - -``` - -#### 2\. Navigate to the directory - -Once you clone the repo, you will have the **unsnap** directory on your system. - -Navigate to the directory by typing in: - -``` - - cd unsnap - -``` - -#### 3\. Run the Tool - -After navigating to the target directory, simply run the **unsnap** utility using the command: - -``` - - ./unsnap - -``` - -It will check for existing snaps, Flatpaks, and more to set things up. - -As you can notice in the screenshot above, it already detects that my system has Flatpak setup, so it skips generating the scripts for those tasks. - -In the process, it also learns about the Snap packages installed on your system to find equivalent Flatpaks when you run the generated scripts. - -If you want to run all the scripts immediately, you can type in: - -``` - - ./unsnap auto - -``` - -![][2] - -If you want to take control without the auto option, you can find the scripts generated reside inside a log directory, as shown in the image below: - -![][2] - -Here’s the order of the scripts that you should follow: - - * 00-backup - * 01-install-flatpak - * 02-enable-flathub - * 03-install-flatpaks - * 04-remove-snaps - * 99-remove-snapd - - - -In my example, I already have Flatpak set up, so I proceed with running the backup script, and then installing the Flatpak, so on. Here’s how it looks like: - -![][2] - -You should keep in mind that this tool is under heavy development and may not work as expected. So, you if you rely on numerous Snap packages, you should experiment using the tool in a virtual machine or a test machine and wait for the tool to improve with a stable release. - -_Let me know your thoughts on Unsnap in the comments below._ - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://news.itsfoss.com/unsnap-migrate-snap-to-flatpak/ - -作者：[Ankush Das][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/ -[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU4NyIgd2lkdGg9IjgzMSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= -[3]: https://github.com/popey/unsnap -[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-git-ubuntu/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..85d3bd496b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220407 Xubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +[#]: subject: "Xubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/xubuntu-22-04-lts/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Xubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details +====== +A LIST OF NEW FEATURES IN XUBUNTU 22.04 LTS (JAMMY JELLYFISH) AND +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE RELEASE. +![Xubuntu 22.04 Desktop][1] + +### Xubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features + +Xubuntu 22.04 LTS is powered by Linux Kernel 5.15 and underlying packages from Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. In addition to that, the default desktop environment version is Xfce 4.16. The Xfce desktop environment did not see any significant release since its release in Dec 2020. + +Even so the Xfce desktop version 4.16 remained as the Xubuntu 21.10 (last release), and the desktop components and native applications get some improvements and bug fixes. + +Perhaps the vital work in this release is the initial support for GTK4 and libhandy in the Greybird theme (via version 3.23.1). That means the GTK4 apps from the GNOME ecosystem look good in Xubuntu with their theme. + +### Application Updates + +The default file manager Thunar 4.16.10 adds several performance improvements, including regression fixes, translation updates and under the hood changes. Although while scanning the changelog, I could not find anything substantial to report which is visible to the user. But if you are interested, you can read the NEWS file in detail [here][2]. + +In fact, Thunar is now under development with Xfce 4.17, which contains some exciting changes. But unfortunately, we all need to wait for that in the short term release because it’s too early to feature those in a long term version. + +Apart from that, Xfce Terminal remains in 0.8.10 in this release. Similar to Thunar, Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 major updates won’t be available in this LTS release. + +[][3] + +SEE ALSO:   Pop OS 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Updates + +Besides these two, other desktop components remain with their last stable version with Xfce Panel 4.16.3, Xfce window manager 4.16.1 and Xfce Desktop 4.16. It is worth mentioning that Xfce is still working on the GTK4 transition, and not much clarity is available on the schedule. + +Furthermore, the native applications see their version bumped to the latest stable iteration. But one significant change is Firefox executable is now a Snap version in Xubuntu 22.04 following Ubuntu. So, ideally, users would not feel any difference but may face some issues with extensions and other utilities due to its sandbox nature. + +In addition to that, Xubuntu 22.04 expects a few nice wallpapers from the community contest, including a default one. The results are pending. However, you can find out some exciting submissions on [this page][4]. + +### Summary and Download + +To sum up, major core frameworks, apps and their versions are down below. + + * GNOME 42 + * GTK 3.24.32 + * MATE 1.26 + * Xfce 4.16 + * Firefox 99 + * Thunderbird 91.8 + * Atril Document Viewer 1.26 + * Engrampa Archive Manager 1.26 + * Ristretto Image Viewer 0.12.2 + * LibreOffice 7.3.x + * Catfish 4.16.3 + * Mousepad 0.5.8 + + + +Finally, to download the BETA version of Xubuntu 22.04, refer to the link below to the ISO file. You can try to install on a virtual machine or try it in a physical system. + + * [xubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][5] + * [Other download options include torrents, checksums][6] + + + +_Via [official changelog][7]_ + +* * * + +We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][8], [Twitter][9], [YouTube][10], and [Facebook][11] and never miss an update! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/xubuntu-22-04-lts/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Xubuntu-22.04-Desktop-1024x575.jpg +[2]: https://archive.xfce.org/src/xfce/thunar/4.16/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/ +[4]: https://contest.xubuntu.org/wallpaper_contest/xubuntu-22-04-community-wallpaper-contest/?action=view +[5]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/xubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso +[6]: https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/ +[7]: https://wiki.xubuntu.org/releases/22.04/release-notes +[8]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[9]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[10]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[11]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md b/sources/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f5c2b9eafd --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220408 Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME.md @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +[#]: subject: "Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/custom-light-dark-wallpaper-gnome/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "robsean" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Create Your Own Custom Light and Dark Wallpaper for GNOME +====== +AN EASY GUIDE ON – HOW TO CREATE YOUR CUSTOM LIGHT AND DARK WALLPAPER +FOR the GNOME desktop. +the GNOME desktop. + +[GNOME 42][1] brings the much-awaited light and dark theme to GNOME Desktop. It also brings the light and dark version of wallpaper, which automatically changes when you switch between light and dark themes. + +So, by default, GNOME gives you a set of pre-configured light and dark wallpapers. But what if you want a different wallpaper that changes automatically when the theme changes? + +Here’s how to configure and create your own custom wallpaper for both light and dark themes in GNOME. + +### How to create custom light and dark wallpaper for GNOME + +Firstly, make sure you have two versions of wallpaper handy with you. In general, they should be standard PNG or JPG images. For example, we used below two wallpapers for this demo. + +![Sample light and dark wallpaper for demo][2] + +But if you do not have proper light and dark wallpaper and looking for more, I will let you know how to get them or prepare for your own at the end of this guide. Stay with me. + +Second, we need to create a schema file for our own. The automatic changing of wallpaper is handled by an XML file called adwaita.xml, which defines specific light and dark backgrounds tags. So, we will create our XML file for the wallpapers. + +To do that, copy the contents of adwaita.xml from GitLab, and create a new XML file (the link is down below). You should see two tags inside this file – “filename” and “filename-dark”. These two XML tags contain the fully qualified path of both the wallpapers. Now, add the path to your images under these two tags, as I have shown below. + +[Download the XML file from here (adwaita.xml.in)][3] + +![Change the XML file][4] + +Third, save this file to with any name you want. If the “gnome-background-properties” are not there, create it. For this example, I used my_cool_backgrounds.xml. + +![Save the file][5] + +And you are all set. Finally, open the settings and go to the Appearance tab, and you should see the new wallpapers are visible as an option. + +[][6] + +SEE ALSO:   New GNOME Text Editor - Everything You Need to Know + +Select your own custom light and dark wallpaper and enjoy. + +![Appearance tab has now your own custom light and dark wallpaper][7] + +### How to download or make your own dynamic wallpaper + +Definitely, you must think, who has the time to find and create both day and night versions of wallpaper? There are several websites that give you dynamic wallpapers ready-made that you can easily download and install. + +One website I would recommend is [dynamicwallpaper.club][8] which has some excellent high-quality wallpapers up to 6K for macOS. And you can easily download them. + +Additionally, if you plan to download from the above website, remember that the site’s images are in [heic format][9] because the website is for macOS. The High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEIC) is Apple’s proprietary version of the HEIF or High-Efficiency Image File format. + +So, how to convert them in Linux systems? Well, you need a driver to view and convert the dynamic heic images in Ubuntu or Fedora Linux. Open a terminal and run the below commands to install the driver. + +users – + +``` + + sudo apt install heif-gdk-pixbuf + +``` + +Fedora users – + +``` + + sudo dnf install libheif + +``` + +(without this plugin, Plasma apps can’t open heic images) + +``` + + sudo apt install qt-heif-image-plugin + sudo dnf install qt-heif-image-plugin + +``` + +Finally, open the heic image with your favourite image viewer and save it as JPG/PNG. + +Last of all, don’t forget to let me know down below in the comment section whether you are able to create your own custom dark and light wallpaper for GNOME. + +![Custom Light and Dark wallpaper in GNOME – transition][10] + +Cheers. + +* * * + +We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][11], [Twitter][12], [YouTube][13], and [Facebook][14] and never miss an update! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/custom-light-dark-wallpaper-gnome/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/gnome-42-release/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Sample-light-and-dark-wallpaper-for-demo.jpg +[3]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-backgrounds/-/tree/main/backgrounds +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Change-the-XML-file-1024x568.jpg +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Save-the-file-1024x548.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/gnome-text-editor/ +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Apperance-tab-has-now-your-own-custom-light-and-dark-wallpaper-1024x657.jpg +[8]: https://dynamicwallpaper.club +[9]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Custom-Light-and-Dark-wallpaper-in-GNOME-transition-1024x556.gif +[11]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[12]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[13]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[14]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220408 Samba as AD and Domain Controller.md b/sources/tech/20220408 Samba as AD and Domain Controller.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c85a6cdda0 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220408 Samba as AD and Domain Controller.md @@ -0,0 +1,391 @@ +[#]: subject: "Samba as AD and Domain Controller" +[#]: via: "https://fedoramagazine.org/samba-as-ad-and-domain-controller/" +[#]: author: "Daniel Kühl https://fedoramagazine.org/author/dklima/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Samba as AD and Domain Controller +====== + +![Samba AD Domain Controller][1] + +Photo by [Eric Schirtzinger][2] on [Unsplash][3] + +Having a server with Samba providing AD and Domain Controller functionality will provide you with a very mature and professional way to have a centralized place with all users and groups information. It will free you from the burden of having to manage users and groups on each server. This solution is useful for authenticating applications such as WordPress, FTP servers, HTTP servers, you name it. + +This step-by-step tutorial about setting up Samba as an AD and Domain Controller will demonstrate to you how you can achieve this solution for your network, servers, and applications. + +### Pre-requisites + +A fresh Fedora Linux 35 server installation. + +### Definitions + +**Hostname**: dc1 +**Domain**: onda.org +**IP**: 10.1.1.10/24 + +### Considerations + + * Once the domain was chosen, you can’t change it, be wise; + * In the _/etc/hosts_ file, the server name can’t be on _127.0.0.1_ line, it must be on its IP address line; + * Use a fixed IP address for the server, as a result, the server’s IP won’t change; + * Once you provision the DC server, do not provision another one, join other ones to the domain instead; + * For the DNS server, we will choose _SAMBA_INTERNAL_, so we can have the DNS forwarding feature; + * It is necessary to have a time synchronization service running in the server, like _chrony_ or _ntp_, so you can avoid numerous problems from not having the server and clients synchronized with the same time; + + + +### Samba installation + +Let’s install the required software to get through this guide. It will provide all the applications you will need. + +``` + + sudo dnf install samba samba-dc samba-client heimdal-workstation + +``` + +![Samba installation][4] + +### Configurations + +For setting up Samba as an AD and Domain Controller, you will have to prepare the environment with a functional configuration before you start using it. + +#### Firewall + +You will need to allow some UDP and TCP ports through the firewall so that clients will be able to connect to the Domain Controller. + +I will show you two methods to add them. Choose the one that suits you best. + +##### First method + +This is the most straightforward method, _firewalld_ comes with a service with all ports needed to open Samba DC, which is called _samba-dc_. Add it to the firewall rules: + +Add the service: + +``` + + sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service samba-dc + +``` + +##### Second method + +Alternatively, you can add the rules from the command line: + +``` + + sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port={53/udp,53/tcp,88/udp,88/tcp,123/udp,135/tcp,137/udp,138/udp,139/tcp,389/udp,389/tcp,445/tcp,464/udp,464/tcp,636/tcp,3268/tcp,3269/tcp,49152-65535/tcp} + +``` + +Reload _firewalld_: + +``` + + sudo firewall-cmd --reload + +``` + +For more information about _firewalld_, check the following article: [Control the firewall at the command line][5] + +#### SELinux + +To run a Samba DC and running with SELinux in enforcing mode, it is necessary to set some samba booleans for SELinux to on. After these booleans are set, it should not be necessary to disable SELinux. + +``` + + sudo setsebool -P samba_create_home_dirs=on samba_domain_controller=on samba_enable_home_dirs=on samba_portmapper=on use_samba_home_dirs=on + +``` + +Restore the default SELinux security contexts for files: + +``` + + sudo restorecon -Rv / + +``` + +#### Samba + +First, remove the _/etc/samba/smb.conf_ file if it exists: + +``` + + sudo rm /etc/samba/smb.conf + +``` + +Samba uses its own DNS service, and for that reason, the service won’t start if _systemd-resolved_ is running, that is why it is necessary to edit its configuration to stop listening on port 53 and use Samba’s DNS. + +Create the directory _/etc/systemd/resolved.conf.d/_ if it does not exist: + +``` + + sudo mkdir /etc/systemd/resolved.conf.d/ + +``` + +Create the file _/etc/systemd/resolved.conf.d/custom.conf_ that contains the custom config: + +``` + + [Resolve] + DNSStubListener=no + Domains=onda.org + DNS=10.1.1.10 + +``` + +**Remember to change the _DNS_ and _Domains_ entries to be your Samba DC server.** + +![][6] + +Restart the _systemd-resolved_ service: + +``` + + sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved + +``` + +Finally, provision the Samba configuration. _samba-tool_ provides every step needed to make Samba an AD server. + +Using the _samba-tool_, provision the Samba configuration: + +``` + + sudo samba-tool domain provision --server-role=dc --use-rfc2307 --dns-backend=SAMBA_INTERNAL --realm=ONDA.ORG --domain=ONDA --adminpass=sVbOQ66iCD3hHShg + +``` + +![Samba domain provisioning][7] + +The _‐‐use-rfc2307_ argument provides POSIX attributes to Active Directory, which stores Unix user and group information on LDAP ([rfc2307.txt][8]). + +Make sure that you have the correct _dns forwarder_ address set in _/etc/samba/smb.conf_. Concerning this tutorial, it should be **different** from the server’s own IP address 10.1.1.10, in my case I set to 8.8.8.8, however your mileage may vary: + +![Changing the dns forwarder value on /etc/samba/smb.conf file][9] + +After changing the _dns forwarder value_, restart _samba_ service: + +``` + + sudo systemctl restart samba + +``` + +#### Kerberos + +After Samba installation, it was provided a _krb5.conf_ file that we will use: + +``` + + sudo cp /usr/share/samba/setup/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf.d/samba-dc + +``` + +Edit _/etc/krb5.conf.d/samba-dc_ content to match your organization information: + +``` + + [libdefaults] + default_realm = ONDA.ORG + dns_lookup_realm = false + dns_lookup_kdc = true + + [realms] + ONDA.ORG = { + default_domain = ONDA + } + + [domain_realm] + dc1.onda.org = ONDA.ORG + +``` + +#### Starting and enabling Samba on boot time + +To make sure that Samba will start on system initialization, enable and start it: + +``` + + sudo systemctl enable samba + sudo systemctl start samba + +``` + +### Testing + +#### Connectivity + +``` + + $ smbclient -L localhost -N + +``` + +As a result of _smbclient_ command, shows that connection **was successful. + +``` + + Anonymous login successful + Sharename Type Comment + --------- ---- ------- + sysvol Disk + netlogon Disk + IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 4.15.6) + SMB1 disabled -- no workgroup available + +``` + +![smbclient connection test][10] + +Now, test the _Administrator_ login to _netlogon_ share: + +``` + + $ smbclient //localhost/netlogon -UAdministrator -c 'ls' + +``` + +``` + + Password for [ONDA\Administrator]: + . D 0 Sat Mar 26 05:45:13 2022 + .. D 0 Sat Mar 26 05:45:18 2022 + + 8154588 blocks of size 1024. 7307736 blocks available + +``` + +![smbclient Administrator connection test][11] + +#### DNS test + +To test if the name resolution is working, execute the following commands: + +``` + + $ host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.onda.org. + _ldap._tcp.onda.org has SRV record 0 100 389 dc1.onda.org. + +``` + +``` + + $ host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.onda.org. + _kerberos._udp.onda.org has SRV record 0 100 88 dc1.onda.org. + +``` + +``` + + $ host -t A dc1.onda.org. + dc1.onda.org has address 10.1.1.10 + +``` + +If you get the error: + +``` + + -bash: host: command not found + +``` + +Install the _bind-utils_ package: + +``` + + sudo dnf install bind-utils + +``` + +#### Kerberos test + +Testing Kerberos is important because it generates the required tickets to let clients authenticate with encryption. It heavily relies on correct time. + +It can’t be stressed enough to have date and time set correctly, and that is why it is so important to have a time synchronization service running on both clients and servers. + +``` + + $ /usr/lib/heimdal/bin/kinit administrator + $ /usr/lib/heimdal/bin/klist + +``` + +![Kerberos ticket validation][12] + +### Adding a user to the Domain + +_samba-tool_ provides us an interface for executing Domain administration tasks, so we can add a user to the Domain easily. + +The _samba-tool_ help is very comprehensive: + +``` + + $ samba-tool user add --help + +``` + +Adding user _danielk_ to the domain: + +``` + + sudo samba-tool user add danielk --unix-home=/home/danielk --login-shell=/bin/bash --gecos 'Daniel K.' --given-name=Daniel --surname='Kühl' --mail-address='danielk@onda.org' + +``` + +![Adding user to the Domain][13] + +To list the users on Domain: + +``` + + sudo samba-tool user list + +``` + +### Wrap up and conclusion + +We started out by installing Samba and required applications in a fresh Fedora Linux 35 installation. We’ve also explained the problems that this solution solves. Thereafter, we did an initial configuration that prepares the environment to be ready to Samba to operate as an AD and Domain Controller. + +Then, we proceeded to cover how to have Samba up and running alongside Fedora Linux security features, like having it working with _firewalld_ and SELinux enabled. We did some important testing to make sure everything was fine and ended by showing a bit on how to administrate users using _samba-tool_. + +To summarize, if you want to establish a robust solution for centralizing authentication across your network, servers (If one wanted to, one could even join a Windows 10 client to this Samba domain [_tested with Windows 10 Professional version 20H2_]) and services, consider using this approach as part of your infrastructure. + +Now that you know how to have a Samba as AD and Domain Controller solution, what would you like to see covered next? Share your thoughts in the [comments below][14]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://fedoramagazine.org/samba-as-ad-and-domain-controller/ + +作者：[Daniel Kühl][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/dklima/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/samba-addc-816x346.jpg +[2]: https://unsplash.com/@eschirtz?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText +[3]: https://unsplash.com/s/photos/tree?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText +[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/samba-install-1.gif +[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/control-the-firewall-at-the-command-line/ +[6]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/samba-systemd-resolved.gif +[7]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/samba-domain-provision.gif +[8]: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2307.txt +[9]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/samba-dns-forwarder.gif +[10]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/samba-testing1.gif +[11]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/samba-testing2.gif +[12]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/samba-kerberos.gif +[13]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/samba-adding-user-1.gif +[14]: tmp.RAEqol0F4Y#comments diff --git a/sources/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md b/sources/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f8a4c942c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220410 Kubuntu 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Details.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +[#]: subject: "Kubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Kubuntu 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Details +====== +A LIST OF NEW FEATURES OF KUBUNTU 22.04 LTS (JAMMY JELLYFISH) AND +ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE RELEASE. +![Kubuntu 22.04 LTS Desktop][1] + +### Kubuntu 22.04 LTS New Features + +Perhaps the most popular Ubuntu-based Linux distribution is the Kubuntu in terms of usability, appearance and stability. Linux Kernel 5.15 LTS powers the Kubuntu 22.04 LTS same as the Ubuntu base. Also, it features the [KDE Plasma 5.24.x series][2], which is the current LTS version of the Plasma desktop. + +Besides, the KDE Plasma 5.24.x series is the 26th edition of KDE Plasma desktop and brings some stunning features such as overview effect, new notification, etc. Although it is not the latest Plasma as of today, it’s the last stable version. + +On the other hand, if you compare the last Kubuntu 20.04 LTS with this version, a whole lot of changes you should expect. First and foremost, Kubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa had KDE Plasma 5.18 compared to today’s 5.24 series. You can expect a vast set of new features and a completely different desktop improved for better accessibility and performance. Secondly, KDE Plasma 5.24 is supported by Qt 5.15.2 and KDE Frameworks 5.90, which is also a jump since the last Kbuntu Focal Fossa. + +Undoubtedly, the significant feature that you can experience is the newly designed overview screen of the Plasma desktop. You can launch it using Meta+W key combinations and must have multiple virtual machines. The new overview screen reminds you about GNOME’s application view. The view gives you the virtual desktop thumbnails at the top, and in the middle, you can see the list of open windows for the virtual desktops. It also gives you a search option which makes you faster at finding your applications. + +![Kubuntu 22.04 Overview screen][3] + +This version of Plasma also brings a custom accent colour option that triggers your imagination for a beautiful desktop. On top of that, a refreshed Breeze Classic theme and re-designed font size make this version a perfect one to feature in an LTS release. + +[][4] + +SEE ALSO:   Pop OS 22.04 LTS - New Features and Release Updates + +### Other Changes + +Since the base of Kubuntu 22.04, LTS is the [Ubuntu 22.04][5], the core applications and packages give you the best of their stable release as summarized down below. + + * KDE Plasma 5.24.x + * KDE Frameworks 5.92 + * Qt 5.15.x + * Firefox 99 + * Thunderbird 91.8 + * LibreOffice 7.3.x + + + +Finally, to download the BETA version of this release, refer to the link below to the ISO file. You can try to install on a virtual machine or try it in a physical system. + + * [kubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso][6] + * + + + +* * * + +We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][7], [Twitter][8], [YouTube][9], and [Facebook][10] and never miss an update! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/kubuntu-22-04-lts/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Kubuntu-22.04-LTS-Desktop-1024x580.jpg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/kde-plasma-5-24-review/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Kubuntu-22.04-Overview-screen-1024x580.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/ +[6]: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/releases/22.04/beta/kubuntu-22.04-beta-desktop-amd64.iso +[7]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[8]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[9]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[10]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/translated/tech/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md b/translated/tech/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3bdee566e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20210312 Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi.md @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ +[#]: subject: (Build a router with mobile connectivity using Raspberry Pi) +[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/3/router-raspberry-pi) +[#]: author: (Lukas Janėnas https://opensource.com/users/lukasjan) +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (hwlife) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) + +使用树莓派建立一个带有移动网络连接功能的路由器 +====== +在你的网络路由器上使用 OpenWRT获得更多控制功能。 +![Mesh networking connected dots][1] + +树莓派是一个小型单板电脑，尽管只有信用卡大小，但是能做许多事情。事实上，这个小电脑几乎可以成为你想让它成为的任何东西。你只需要打开你的想象力。 + +树莓派爱好者已经做了许多不同的项目，从单个程序到复杂的自动化项目和类似气象站或者甚至智能家居设备的解决方案。这篇文章将展示怎样使用 OpenWRT 项目将你的树莓派变成带有 LTE 移动网络连接功能的路由器。 + + +### 关于 OpenWRT 和 LTE + +[OpenWRT][2] 是一个利用 Linux 内核为嵌入式设备开发的开源项目，它已经存在超过15年了，有着大量和活跃的社区。 + +有许多使用 OpenWRT 的方法，但是它的主要目的还是用在路由器上。它提供了一个带有包管理功能的完全可写的文件系统，并且因为它的的开源属性，你可以查看和修改代码并且可以贡献到开源生态。如果你喜欢对你的路由器获得更多的控制，这就是你想要的系统。 + +长期演进技术 (LTE) 是一个基于 GSM/EGDE 和 UMTS/HSPA 技术的无线宽带通信标准。我使用的 LTE 调制解调器是一个能够添加 3G 或 4G (LTE) 蜂窝连接到树莓派电脑的　USB　设备。 + +![Teltonika TRM240 modem][3] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +### 安装前的准备 + +对这个项目来说，你需要： + + * 一个带有电源线的树莓派 + * 一台运行　Linux　的电脑 + * 一张至少 16GB 的 SD 储存卡 + * 以太网线 + * LTE 调制解调器 (我使用的是 Teltonika [TRM240][5]) + * A SIM card for mobile connectivity 一张移动网络的 SIM 卡 + + + +### 安装 OpenWRT + +首先，下载最新的 [兼容树莓派的 OpenWRT 的发布版本][6]. 在 OpenWRT 官网，你可以看到 4 个镜像：两个 **ext4** 文件系统的和两个 **squashfs** 文件系统的。我使用 **ext4** 文件系统。你可以下载 **factory** 或者 **sysupgrade** 镜像，这两个都运行良好。 + +![OpenWRT image files][7] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +一旦你下载了镜像，你按照 [以下的说明][8] 需要解压并安装它到 SD 卡上。这将会花些时间安装固件，需要些耐心。一旦安装完成，在你的 SD 卡上将会有两个分区。一个是用来放 bootloader ，另一个是 OpenWRT 系统。 + + +### 启动系统 + +要启动你的新系统，插入 SD 卡到树莓派，用以太网线把树莓派和你的路由器 (或者交换机) 相连，然后点亮。 + +如果你有使用树莓派的经验，你可能通过终端使用 SSH 访问过它，或者通过显示器和键盘连接到树莓派。 OpenWRT 工作有一点点不同。你与这个系统交互是通过网络浏览器，所以你必须能够通过网络来访问你的树莓派。 + +缺省状态下，树莓派使用的 IP 地址是：192.168.1.1 。用来配置树莓派的计算机必须和树莓派在同一个子网中。如果你的网络没有使用 192.168.1.x 地址，或者你不能确定，在 GNOME 打开 **Settings** ，导航到网络设置，选择 **Manual** ，然后键入以下的 IP 地址和子网掩码： + + * **IP address:** 192.168.1.15 + * **Netmask:** 255.255.255.0 + + + +![IP addresses][9] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +在你的电脑上打开一个浏览器然后导航到 192.168.1.1 。这将打开一个授权网页，你可以登录到你的树莓派。 + +![OpenWRT login page][10] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +首次登录不需要密码，所以直接点击 **Login** 按钮继续。 + + +### 设置网络连接 + +树莓派只有一个以太网口，而普通路由器有两个：一个是 WAN (有线区域网络) 口，另一个是 LAN (本地区域网络)。 +你有两个选择： + + 1. 使用你的以太网口接入互联网 + 2. 使用 WIFI 接入互联网 + + + +**使用以太网连接:** + +你应该决定使用以太网，导航到 **网络 → 接口**。在这个设置页面，按下蓝色的 **Edit** 按钮，将 **LAN** 接口与之关联。 + +![LAN interface][11] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +一个弹窗应该出现，在这个窗口中，你需要键入与你将要连接树莓派的路由器子网匹配的 IP 地址。修改子网掩码，如果需要的话，与树莓派将要连接的路由器的 IP 地址。 + +![Enter IP in the LAN interface][12] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +保存设置，然后通过以太网连接你的树莓派到路由器。你可以现在用这个新的 IP 地址访问到树莓派。 + +当你在把树莓派投入生产环境使用之前，确保为你的 OpenWRT 设置一个密码！ + + +**使用 WiFi 连接** + +如果你想通过 WiFi 连接树莓派到互联网，导航到 **网络 → 无线** 。在 **无线** 菜单里，按下蓝色的 **扫描** 按钮查找你的家庭网络。 + + +![Scan the network][13] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +在弹出的窗口中，找到你的 WiFi 网络然后连接它。不要忘记 **保存并应用** 设置。 + +在这 **网络 → 接口** 部分，你应该看到了一个新的接口。 + +![New interface][14] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +当你在把树莓派投入生产环境使用之前，确保为你的 OpenWRT 设置一个密码！ + +### 安装必要的软件包 + +默认状态下，路由器并没有许多软件包。OpenWRT 提供了带有一系列你需要安装的一个包管理器。导航到 **系统 → 软件** 然后通过按下标有 "**更新列表…**" 的按钮来更新你的包管理器。 + +![Updating packages][15] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +你将会看到许多软件包；你需要安装一下这些： + + * usb-modeswitch + * kmod-mii + * kmod-usb-net + * kmod-usb-wdm + * kmod-usb-serial + * kmod-usb-serial-option + * kmod-usb-serial-wwan (是否可以不安装) + + + +另外，[下载这个调制解调器管理软件包]然后在弹出的窗口中按下标有 **上传软件包…** 的按钮来安装它。重启树莓派让安装包生效。 + +### 设置移动网接口 + +所有这些软件包被安装完之后，你可以设置移动网接口。在连接调制解调器到树莓派之前，先阅读以下 [调制解调器说明书][17] 。然后连接你的移动调制解调器到树莓派，然后等待一会直到调制解调器启动。 + +导航到 **网络 → 接口**。在页面底部，按下 **添加一个新接口** 按钮。在弹出的窗口中，给你的接口命令 (比如 **移动网** ) 然后从下拉列表中选择**调制解调器管理** 。 + +![Add a new mobile interface][18] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +按下一个标有 **创建接口** 的按钮。你应该看到弹出一个新窗口。这是设置接口的一个主窗口。在这个窗口中，选择你的调制解调器然后键入像接入点名称 (APN) 或是 PIN 码之类的信息。 + + +![Configuring the interface][19] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + + +**注意:** 如果在列表中没有调制解调器设备出现，尝试重启树莓派或者安装 kmod-usb-net-qmi-wwan 软件包 。 + +当你已经配置完你的接口，按下 **保存** 然后 **保存并应用**。给系统一些生效的时间。如果一切正常，你应该看到像这样的一些东西。 + +![Configured interface][20] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +如果你想通过接口查看你的网络连接，你可以使用 SSH 连接到你的树莓派 shell。在终端里，键入： + + +``` +`ssh root@192.168.1.1` +``` + +缺省 IP 地址是 192.168.1.1：如果你要修改它，然后用这个 IP 地址连接。当连接的状态时，在终端里执行命令： + + +``` +`ping -I ppp0 google.com` +``` + +如果一切正常运行，那么你应该从 Google 的服务器接收到 pings 。 + +![Terminal interface][21] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +**ppp0** 是为你创建的移动网接口的默认接口名称。你可以通过使用 **ifconfig** 命令检查你的接口。它只显示活动的接口。 + +### 设置防火墙 + +要让移动网接口运行，你需要为 **移动网** 接口和 **lan** 接口引导流量到正确的接口。 + +导航到 **网络 → 防火墙**。在页面的底部，你应该看到一个叫做 **区域** 的部分。 + +![Firewall zones][22] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +设置防火墙最简单的方法就是调整 **wan** 区域。在 **已覆盖的网络** 选项里按下 **编辑** 按钮，选择你的 **移动网** 接口，然后 **保存并应用** 你的设置。如果你不想用 WiFi 连接你的树莓派，你可以从 **已覆盖的网络** 里删除 **wwan** 接口，或者关闭 WiFi 连接。 + +![Firewall zone settings][23] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +如果你想为每个接口设置一个独立区域，只需创建一个新区域然后分配必要的接口即可。举个例子，你可能想有一个移动网区域，这个区域覆盖移动网接口并且通过它来转发 LAN 接口流量。按下 **添加** 按钮，然后给你的区域 **命名**， 检查 **伪装** 复选框，选中 **已覆盖的网络** ，然后选择可以转发它们流量的区域。 + +![Firewall zone settings][24] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +然后 **保存并应用** 这些修改。现在你有一个新的区域。 + +### 设置一个接入点 + +最后一步是为你的设备接入互联网设置一个网络接入点。要设置一个接入点，导航到 **网络 → 无线** 。你将会看到一个 WiFi 设备接口，一个关闭的以 **OpenWRT** 命名的接入点，这个连接通过 WiFi来连接到互联网 (如果你先前没有关闭或者删除它)。在这个 **关闭** 的接口上，按下 **编辑** 按钮，然后 **开启** 接口。 + +![Enabling wireless network][25] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +如果你想，你可以通过编辑 **ESSID** 选项来修改接口名称。你也可以选择它要关联的网络。默认状态下，它将会与 **lan** 口关联。 + +![Configuring the interface][26] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +要为这个接口添加密码，选择 **无线安全**选项，选择 **WPA2-PSK** 加密方式然后在 **Key** 选项字段键入接口的密码。 + +![Setting a password][27] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +然后 **保存并应用** 设置。如果设置正确的话，当用你的设备扫码可用接入点的话，你应该看到你分配了名称的新接入点。 + +### 额外的软件包 + +如果你愿意，你可以通过网络接口为你的路由器下载额外的软件包。只需到 **系统 → 软件** 然后安装你想从列表或者互联网上下载的软件包并上传它。如果你在列表中没有看到任何软件包，按下 **更新列表…** 按钮。 + +你也可以添加其他有软件包的仓库更好的利用 OpenWRT 。软件包和它们的网络接口分开安装。软件包名称是以 **luci-** 开始的是网络接口软件包。 + +![Packages with luci- prefix][28] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +### 试试看 + +这就是我的树莓派路由设置的过程。 + +![Raspberry Pi router][29] + +(Lukas Janenas, [CC BY-SA 4.0][4]) + +从树莓派建立一个路由器不是很困难。缺点是树莓派只有一个以太网接口。你可以用一个 USB-to-Ethernet 适配器来增加更多的网口。不要忘记在接口的网站上设置网口。 + +OpenWRT 支持大量移动调制解调器，你可以用管理调制解调器的通用工具 modemmanager 为它们设置移动网接口。 + +你使用你的树莓派作为路由器了吗？在下方评论让我们进展如何。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/21/3/router-raspberry-pi + +作者：[Lukas Janėnas][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlilfe) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/lukasjan +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/mesh_networking_dots_connected.png?itok=ovINTRR3 (Mesh networking connected dots) +[2]: https://openwrt.org/ +[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/lte_modem.png (Teltonika TRM240 modem) +[4]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ +[5]: https://teltonika-networks.com/product/trm240/ +[6]: https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/19.07.7/targets/brcm2708/bcm2710/ +[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/imagefiles.png (OpenWRT image files) +[8]: https://opensource.com/article/17/3/how-write-sd-cards-raspberry-pi +[9]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/ipaddresses.png (IP addresses) +[10]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/openwrt-login.png (OpenWRT login page) +[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/lan-interface.png (LAN interface) +[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/lan-interface-ip.png (Enter IP in the LAN interface) +[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/scannetwork.png (Scan the network) +[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/newinterface.png (New interface) +[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/updatesoftwarelist.png (Updating packages) +[16]: https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/packages-21.02/aarch64_cortex-a53/luci/luci-proto-modemmanager_git-21.007.43644-ab7e45c_all.ipk +[17]: https://wiki.teltonika-networks.com/view/TRM240_SIM_Card +[18]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/addnewinterface.png (Add a new mobile interface) +[19]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/configureinterface.png (Configuring the interface) +[20]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/configuredinterface.png (Configured interface) +[21]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/terminal.png (Terminal interface) +[22]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/firewallzones.png (Firewall zones) +[23]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/firewallzonesettings.png (Firewall zone settings) +[24]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/firewallzonepriv.png (Firewall zone settings) +[25]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/enablewirelessnetwork.png (Enabling wireless network) +[26]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/interfaceconfig.png (Configuring the interface) +[27]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/interfacepassword.png (Setting a password) +[28]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/luci-packages.png (Packages with luci- prefix) +[29]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/raspberrypirouter.jpg (Raspberry Pi router) diff --git a/translated/tech/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md b/translated/tech/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3f42e7fcd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20210401 Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted.md @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ +[#]: subject: (Partition a drive on Linux with GNU Parted) +[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/4/linux-parted-cheat-sheet) +[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth) +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (hwlife) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) + +在 Linxu 上使用 GNU Parted 对磁盘分区 +====== +了解对新的储存设备分区的基础知识，然后下载我们的备忘表隔，保持信息交流方便。 + +![Cheat Sheet cover image][1] + +在 21 世纪，我们倾向于数据存储是理所当然的。我们有许多存储介质，相对价格便宜，而且有许多不同的可用类型。不论你获得的免费云存储空间有多少，没有比有一个物理硬盘空间来存储重要的数据更好了(容量真的很大或者当你在一个慢速网络上时) 。然而，理想的磁盘分区是没有几块硬盘买回来就是现成的，至少，如果你买了一块新硬盘或者用不同分区安装一个系统，你需要知道怎么在 Linux 上为磁盘分区。 + +这篇文章介绍 GNU Parted ，磁盘分区最好的工具之一。如果你偏向使用图形化程序替代终端命令行，阅读我的 [为 Linux 格式化驱动器][2] 这篇文章。 + +### 磁盘卷标，分区和文件系统 + +技术上来说，一个硬盘驱动器不需要很多软件来服务于存储设备。然而，使用一个驱动器没有现代化的转换技术比如分区表和文件系统是困难的，不切实际的，对你的数据是不安全的。 + +这里有三个你需要知道的关于硬盘驱动器的重要概念： + + + * A **磁盘卷标** 或者 **分区表** 是放置在磁盘驱动器起始位置的元数据，它为计算机读取关于可用存储是何种类型，磁盘驱动器的位置等信息做提示。 + * A **分区** 是一个证明文件系统所在位置的边界。举个例子，如果你有一个 512GB 的硬盘，你可以用占用所有磁盘容量 (512GB) 分成一个分区，或者分成两个分区，每个占用 256GB ，或者分成三个分区占用一些其他大小变化等等。 + * A **文件系统** 是一个硬盘驱动器和计算机两者约定俗成的存储体系。计算机必须知道怎样读取文件系统上拼合在一起存储在驱动器上的的数据，并且知道怎样写入数据到文件系统并保持数据的完整性。 + + +GNU Parted 程序管理前两个概念：磁盘卷标和分区。Parted 对文件系统有所了解，但是它留下了文件系统详细操作给了其他类似 `mkfs` 这样的工具。 + +**[下载 [GNU Parted 备忘表格][3]]** + +### 查找磁盘驱动器 + +使用 GNU Parted 之前，你必须在你的系统上确定你的驱动器所在位置。首先，连接你想要格式化你的系统的磁盘驱动器，然后用 `parted` 命令查看连接到你的计算机的内容： + + +``` +$ parted /dev/sda print devices +/dev/sda (2000GB) +/dev/sdb (1000GB) +/dev/sdc (1940MB) +``` +你最新连接设备的名称在字母表上晚于连接时间更长的设备。举个例子，`/dev/sdc` 最有可能是我刚刚连接的磁盘。我能通过它的容量大小来确认，相比于我的工作站上的主要驱动器的 TB 大小来说，因为我知道我插入的 U 盘 只有 2GB (1940MB 足够接近) 大小。如果你不能确定，你可以得到的更多关于你想要分区的驱动器的信息： + + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdc print +Model: Yoyodyne Tiny Drive 1.0 (scsi)     +Disk /dev/sdc: 1940MB +Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B +Partition Table: msdos +Disk Flags: + +Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags + 1      1049kB  2048kB  1024kB  BS           Bloat  Hidden + 2      2049kB  1939MB  1937MB  FAT32        MyDrive +``` + +有些驱动器比其他驱动器有更多的元数据。这个磁盘证明它自己的物理驱动器商标是 Yoyodyne ，此外，在磁盘的起始包含了一个小的有些臃肿的隐藏分区和一个兼容 Windows 的 FAT32 分区。这确实是我要重新打算格式化的驱动器。 + +继续之前， _确认_ 你已经证实你要分区正确的驱动器。 _重新分区错误的驱动器会导致数据丢失。_ 为了安全起见，在文章中整个潜在的破环性命令都引用为在你的系统中不太可能有的 `/dev/sdX` 设备。 + +### 创建磁盘卷标或者分区表 + +要在磁盘上创建一个分区，驱动器必须要有一个磁盘卷标。磁盘卷标也被叫做 _分区表_，所以 Parted 对两个术语都接受。 + +要创建一个磁盘卷标，使用 `mklabel` 或 `mktable` 子命令: + + +``` +`$ parted /dev/sdX mklabel gpt` +``` + +这个命令在位于 `/dev/sdX` 的驱动器前面创建了一个 **gpt** 的标签，删除了任何可能存在的标签。这是一个快速的过程因为所有关于被替换的分区信息都存在于元数据。 + + +### 创建分区 + +要在磁盘创建分区，使用 `mkpart` 子命令，后跟分区的可选名称，再跟分区的开始和结束位置。如果你在磁盘上只需要一个分区，那么大小调整是容易的：开始位置输入 1 ，结束位置输入 100% 。使用 `--align opt` 参数允许 Parted 调整分区边界位置便于磁盘获得最佳性能： + + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX --align opt \ +mkpart example 1 100% +``` + +用 `print` 子命令查看你的新分区： + + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX print +Model: Yoyodyne Tiny Drive 1.0 (scsi) +Disk /dev/sdi: 1940MB +Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B +Partition Table: gpt +Disk Flags: + +Number  Start   End     Size   + 1      1049kB  1939MB  1938MB +``` + +你不必使用整个磁盘作为一个分区。分区的优势是在一个磁盘上可以存在多个文件系统，它们之间不会相互干扰。但调整分区的时候，你可以使用 `unit` 子命令来设置你想用的测量方法。Parted 理解扇区，柱面，磁头，字节，KB ，MB ，GB ，TB 和百分比。 + +你也可以指定你打算使用分区的文件系统。这并不能够完全创建文件系统，但是它为你以后方便使用提供了元数据。 + +将磁盘对半分，一个是 XFS 文件系统，另一个是 EXT4 文件系统： + + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX --align opt \ +mkpart xfs 1 50% +$ parted /dev/sdX --align opt \ +mkpart ext4 51% 100% +``` + +### 命令分区 + +除了标记分区用于什么文件系统之外，你也可以为每个分区命名。一些文件管理器和工具可以读取分区名称，能够帮助你区分驱动器。例如，我经常有几个不同的驱动器连接到我的媒体工作站，每个属于一个不同的项目。当创建这些驱动器的时候，我把分区和文件系统名称都命名了，以至于不论我怎么看我的系统，重要数据的位置都被清楚的标记。 + +要命名一个分区，你必须知道它的序号： + + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX print +[...] +Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags + 1      1049kB  990MB   989MB  xfs          example + 2      1009MB  1939MB  930MB  ext4         noname +``` + +要命名分区 1： + + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX name 1 example +$ parted /dev/sdX print +[...] +Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags + 1      1049kB  990MB   989MB  xfs          example + 2      1009MB  1939MB  930MB  ext4         noname +``` + +### 创建文件系统 + +要让你的驱动器能够正常使用，你必须在新分区上创建一个文件系统。GNU Parted 没有这样做，因为它只是一个分区管理器。在磁盘上使用 `mkfs` 命令来创建文件系统，而且有些对你有帮助的工具使用别名来创建特定种类的文件系统。例如， `mkfs.ext4` 创建 EXT4 文件系统， `mkfs.xfs` 创建 XFS 文件系统等等。 + +你的分区位于磁盘驱动器的 "内部" ，所以不用在 `/dev/sdX` 上创建文件系统，只需要在第一个分区创建你的 `/dev/sdX1` 文件系统， `/dev/sdX2` 是第二个文件系统，以此类推。 + +这里是一个创建 XFS 文件系统的例子： + + +``` +`$ sudo mkfs.xfs -L mydrive /dev/sdX1` +``` + +### 下载我们的备注表格 + +Parted 是一个灵活而强大的工具。如本文所示，你可以发出命令，或者激活一个交互模式以不断 "连接" 你指定的驱动器: + + +``` +$ parted /dev/sdX +(parted) print +[...] +Number  Start   End     Size   File system  Name     Flags + 1      1049kB  990MB   989MB  xfs          example + 2      1009MB  1939MB  930MB  ext4         noname + +(parted) name 1 mydrive +(parted) +``` + +如果你打算经常使用 Parted ， [下载我们的 GNU Parted 备忘表格][3]以至于你可以方便使用所有的子命令。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/21/4/linux-parted-cheat-sheet + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/coverimage_cheat_sheet.png?itok=lYkNKieP (Cheat Sheet cover image) +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/18/11/partition-format-drive-linux#gui +[3]: https://opensource.com/downloads/parted-cheat-sheet diff --git a/translated/tech/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md b/translated/tech/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d9598688f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20210419 How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution.md @@ -0,0 +1,281 @@ +[#]: subject: (How to Deploy Seafile Server with Docker to Host Your Own File Synchronization and Sharing Solution) +[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/deploy-seafile-server-docker/) +[#]: author: (Hunter Wittenborn https://itsfoss.com/author/hunter/) +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (hwlife) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) + +怎样用 Docker 部署 Seafile 服务器来托管你自己的文件同步和共享解决方案 +====== + +首先，什么是 Seafile ？ + +[Seafile][1] 是一个客户端 - 服务器模式的自托管文件同步程序，例如你有类似笔记本和手机等多个设备能够连接到中心服务器。 + +不像类似 [Nextcloud 或 ownCloud][2] 这些更流行的替代品一样，Seafile 努力跟随着 “只做一件事，但是要做好” 的哲学。同样的，Seafile 没有内置额外的类似联系人或者日历聚合的功能。 + +相反，Seafile 只专注于文件同步，共享，和与之相关的事情，就这样。但正因为如此，它最终做的非常好。 + +### 使用 Docker 和 NGINX 部署 Seafile 服务器 + +高级教程 + +在 It’s FOSS 站点上的许多教程都是针对初学者的。这个不是。他是打算为那些 DIY 修修补补的项目和喜欢自托管的高级用户设计的。这个教程假定你可以熟练的使用命令行，同时你至少有和与我们使用的程序相匹配的知识。 + +虽然整个过程完成不需要使用一点 NGINX ，但是使用 NGINX 是考虑到更加容易配置，以及在将来更加容易的自托管更多的服务。 + +如果你想使用完整的 Docker 设置，你也可以[在　Docker　内部设置　NGINX][3] ，但是它将使一些事情更加复杂并且不能够带来太多利益，同样在教程里也不会提到。 + + +#### 安装设置　NGINX + +_**在这个教程中，我将使用　Ubuntu　同时使用　apt 来安装软件包。如果你使用 Fedora 或者一些其他的非 Debian 发行版，请使用你的发行版的 [包管理器][4].**_ + +[NGINX][5]既是一个网页浏览器，又是一个代理服务器。它将起到 Seafile 服务器和互联网之间网络连接的作用，同时也是一些任务更容易处理。 + +要安装 NGINX ，使用以下命令： + +``` +sudo apt install nginx +``` + +如果你想使用 HTTPS (也就是浏览器中的小挂锁)，你将需要安装 [Certbot][6]： + +``` +sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx +``` + +下一步，你需要设置 NGINX 来连接我们之后将要设置的 Seafile 实例。 + +首先, 运行以下命令： + +``` +sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/seafile.conf +``` + +键入下方的文本到文件中： + +``` +server { + server_name localhost; + location / { + proxy_pass http://localhost:8080; + proxy_set_header Host $host; + proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; + } +} +``` + +**重要**: 用你将要访问你服务器的地址在 **server_name** 行中把 **localhost** 替换掉 (比如 **seafile.example.com** 或者 **192.168.0.0**)。 不能确定要输入什么吗？ + + * 如果你只是为了测试，使用 localhost 。这个设置将 **只允许你从你的电脑访问服务器** ，就这样。 + * 如果你想通过你的本地 WiFi 连接使用 Seafile (任何设备和你都在同一 WiFi 网络)，你应该键入 [你的计算机 IP 地址][7]。你也可能想要查看 [设置静态 IP 地址][8]，尽管并没有必要。 + * 如果你知道一个指向你的系统的公网 IP 地址，请使用它。 + * 如果你有一个域名(比如 **example.com**, **example.org**) 和 公网 IP 地址，更改你的 DNS 设置将域名指向你的系统的 IP 地址。这也需要公网 IP 指向你的系统。 + +现在你需要复制配置文件到到 NGINX 查找文件的目录中，然后重启 NGINX ： + +``` +sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/seafile.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/seafile.conf +sudo systemctl restart nginx +``` + +如果你要安装 Cerbot，你也需要运行以下命令来设置 HTTPS ： + +``` +sudo certbot +``` + +如果要重定向 HTTP 流量 到 HTTPS ，选择 **2** 。 + +现在是一个好的时间来确保我们目前设置的一切都正常工作。如果你访问了你的站点，你应该看到一个屏幕上写着 `502 Bad Gateway` 字样。 + +![][9] + +#### 安装 Docker 和 Docker Compose + +现在开始有趣的事情 ！ + +首先第一件事，你需要安装 [Docker][10] 和 [Docker Compose][11] 。Docker Compose 是需要利用 docker-compose.yml 文件，这将使管理多个 Docker [容器][12] Seafile 变得更加容易。 + +Docker 和 Docker Compose 可以用以下的命令来安装： + +``` +sudo apt install docker.io docker-compose +``` + +检查 Docker 是否安装并运行，运行以下命令： + +``` +sudo docker run --rm hello-world +``` + +如果你完全安装成功，你应该在中断能看到这几行文字： + +![][13] + +如果你想避免在 `docker` 命令的开始添加 `sudo` 的话，你可以运行以下的命令将你自己添加到 `docker` 组： + +``` +sudo groupadd docker +sudo usermod -aG docker $USER +``` + +这个教程的其余部分假定你已经运行了以上两个命令。如果你没有运行，在所有 `docker` 或 `docker-compose` 的命令都添加 `sudo` 。 + +#### 安装 Seafile 服务器 + +这部分比之前部分明显容易的多。你所需要做的是输入一些文本到文件，然后运行一些命令。 + +打开一个终端。然后创建一个 Seafile 服务器用来储存内容的目录，然后进入目录中： + +``` +mkdir ~/seafile-server && cd ~/seafile-server +``` + +![][14] + + +转到你创建的目录然后运行以下命令： + +``` +nano docker-compose.yml +``` + +下一步，在弹出的窗口中键入以下文本内容： + +``` +version: '2.0' +services: + db: + image: mariadb + container_name: seafile-mysql + environment: + - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=password + - MYSQL_LOG_CONSOLE=true + volumes: + - ./data/mariadb:/var/lib/mysql + networks: + - seafile-net + + memcached: + image: memcached + container_name: seafile-memcached + entrypoint: memcached -m 256 + networks: + - seafile-net + + seafile: + image: seafileltd/seafile-mc + container_name: seafile + ports: + - "8080:80" + volumes: + - ./data/app:/shared + environment: + - DB_HOST=db + - DB_ROOT_PASSWD=password + - TIME_ZONE=Etc/UTC + - [email protected] + - SEAFILE_ADMIN_PASSWORD=password + - SEAFILE_SERVER_LETSENCRYPT=false + - SEAFILE_SERVER_HOSTNAME=docs.seafile.com + depends_on: + - db + - memcached + networks: + - seafile-net + +networks: + seafile-net: +``` + +在保存文件之前，一些参数需要更改： + + * **MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD**: 更换强壮的密码，你不必记住它，所以不要尝试挑选简单的密码。如果你需要帮助制作一个，请使用 [密码生成器][15] 。我建议 20 位字符长度并且避免任何的特殊字符 (全部受 **[[电子邮件保护]][16]#$%^&*** 符号). + * **DB_ROOT_PASSWD**: 更改你为 ****MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD**** 设置的值 。 + * ****SEAFILE_ADMIN_EMAIL****: 设置管理员帐户的电子邮件地址。 + * **SEAFILE_ADMIN_PASSWORD**: 设置管理员帐户密码。避免与 **MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD** 或者 **DB_ROOT_PASSWD** 密码相同。 + * **SEAFILE_SERVER_HOSTNAME**: 在 NGINX 配置中设置 Seafile 的服务器主机名。 + + + +完成之后，你可以运行 `docker-compose` 输出整个过程： + +``` +docker-compose up -d +``` + +可能需要花一到两分钟，取决于你的网速，因为需要拉下几个 Seafile 需要运行的几个容器。 + +完成以后，还需要几分钟来完成。你也可以通过以下命令来检查运行状态： + +``` +docker logs seafile +``` + +当完成了的时候，你将会看到如下输出： + +![][17] + +下一步，你只需要在你的浏览器里键入你设置的 ****SEAFILE_SERVER_HOSTNAME**** 的地址，然后你应该看到登录屏幕的页面。 + +![][18] + +就这样！ 现在一切功能齐全，准备用客户端来使用。 + +#### 安装 Seafile 客户端 + +Seafile 移动客户端在 [Google Play][19] ，[F-Droid][20] 和 [苹果商店][21] 都是可用的。 Seafile 也有 Linux ， Windows 和 Mac 桌面客户端可用，可在 [此处][22] 使用。 + +通过 `seafile-gui` 软件包，可以在 Ubuntu 系统轻松获得 Seafile ： + +``` +sudo apt install seafile-gui +``` + +通过 `seafile-client` 软件包 Seafile 也包含在 Arch 用户的 AUR 包管理器中。 + +### 结语 + +尽情探索客户端和他们提供给我们的一切。 我将在未来的一篇文章中详细阐述 Seafile 客户端的所有功能。 (敬请期待 😃)。 + +总的来说，如果有什么异常，或者只是有个问题， 尽情的在下方评论 – 我会尽我所能回应。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/deploy-seafile-server-docker/ + +作者：[Hunter Wittenborn][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/hunter/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.seafile.com/en/home/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/nextcloud-vs-owncloud/ +[3]: https://linuxhandbook.com/nginx-reverse-proxy-docker/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/package-manager/ +[5]: https://www.nginx.com/ +[6]: https://certbot.eff.org/ +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/check-ip-address-ubuntu/ +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/static-ip-ubuntu/ +[9]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/nginx_bad_gateway.png?resize=489%2C167&ssl=1 +[10]: https://www.docker.com/ +[11]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/ +[12]: https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container +[13]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/seafile-docker-helloworld.png?resize=752%2C416&ssl=1 +[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/seafile-dir.png?resize=731%2C174&ssl=1 +[15]: https://itsfoss.com/password-generators-linux/ +[16]: https://itsfoss.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection +[17]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/seafile-running.png?resize=752%2C484&ssl=1 +[18]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/seafile-login.jpg?resize=800%2C341&ssl=1 +[19]: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.seafile.seadroid2 +[20]: https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdid=com.seafile.seadroid2 +[21]: https://itunes.apple.com/cn/app/seafile-pro/id639202512?l=en&mt=8 +[22]: https://www.seafile.com/en/download/ diff --git a/sources/tech/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md b/translated/tech/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md similarity index 60% rename from sources/tech/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md rename to translated/tech/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md index dd88bea922..eed6c96d75 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md +++ b/translated/tech/20220201 View your Linux server-s network connections with netstat.md @@ -2,43 +2,45 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/2/linux-network-security-netstat" [#]: author: "Sahana Sreeram https://opensource.com/users/sahanasreeram01gmailcom" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "hwlife" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " -View your Linux server's network connections with netstat +使用 netstat 查看你的 Linux 服务器网络连接 ====== -The netstat command provides important insight into your Linux server, -both for monitoring and network troubleshooting. +netstat 命令对你的 Linux 服务器提供了监测和网络故障排除这两个重要的观察手段。 + ![A rack of servers, blue background][1] -I shared some important first steps to help manage your personal Linux server in a [previous article][2]. I briefly mentioned monitoring network connections for listening ports, and I want to expand on this by using the `netstat` command for Linux systems. +在 [之前的文章中][2]，我分享了一些重要的首要步骤来管理你的个人 Linux 服务器。我简要的提到了使用监听端口来监测网络连接，并且我想通过 Linux 系统的 `netstat` 命令来扩展开讲讲。 -Service monitoring and port scanning are standard industry practices. There's very good software like [Prometheus][3] to help automate the process, and [SELinux][4] to help contextualize and protect system access. However, I believe that understanding how your server connects to other networks and devices is key to establishing a baseline of what's normal for your server, which helps you recognize abnormalities that may suggest a bug or intrusion. As a beginner, I've discovered that the `netstat` command provides important insight into my server, both for monitoring and network troubleshooting. -Netstat and similar network monitoring tools, grouped together in the [net-tools package][5], display information about active network connections. Because services running on open ports are often vulnerable to exploitation, practicing regular network monitoring can help you detect suspicious activity early. +服务监测和端口扫描是标准的行业惯例。有类似 [Prometheus][3] 协助过程自动化，[SELinux][4] 协助上下文和保护系统访问权限。然而，我相信了解怎样使你的服务器连接到其他网络和设备是建立正常服务器基准的关键，能够帮助你认识到可能提示错误和入侵等异常情况。作为一个初学者，我已经掌握了 `netstat` 命令对我的服务器提供了监测和网络故障排除这两个重要的观察手段。 -### Install netstat -Netstat is frequently pre-installed on Linux distributions. If netstat is not installed on your server, install it with your package manager. On a Debian-based system: +在 [net-tools 软件包][5] 里，Netstat 和相似的一些网络监测工具被收集在一起，用来显示关于活动连接的信息。因为服务运行在开放的端口经常会被利用，定期日常网络监测能够帮助你及早探测到可以的活动。 + + +### 安装 netstat + +Nestat 在 Linux 发行版上经常是预装软件。如果 netstat 没有在你的服务器上安装，用你的包管理器安装它。下面是在基于 Debian 的系统上： ``` `$ sudo apt-get install net-tools` ``` -For Fedora-based systems: +在基于 Fedora 的系统上： ``` `$ dnf install net-tools` ``` -### Use netstat - -On its own, the `netstat` command displays all established connections. You can use the `netstat` options above to specify the intended output further. For example, to show all listening and non-listening connections, use the `--all` (`-a` for short) option. This returns a lot of results, so in this example I pipe the output to `head` to display just the first 15 lines of output: +### 使用 netstat +就其本身而言， `netstat` 命令显示了全部建立成功的连接。你可以使用 `netstat` 的参数指定进一步预定的输出。举个例子，要显示所有监听和非监听的连接，使用 `--all` (`-a` 为简写)的参数。这将返回许多结果，所以在例子中我用管道符输出给 `head` 命令来显示输出的前15行消息： ``` @@ -62,8 +64,7 @@ tcp        0      0 10.0.1.222:52730        syd09s23-in-f3.1e:https E ``` -To show only TCP ports, use the `--all` and `--tcp` options, or `-at` for short: - +要只显示 TCP 端口，使用 `--all` 和 `--tcp` 参数，或者简写成 `-at` ： ``` @@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ tcp        0      0 *:16001         *:*              LISTEN ``` -To show only UDP ports, use the `--all` and `--udp` options, or `-au` for short: +要只显示 UDP 端口，使用 `--all` 和 `--udp` 参数，或者简写成 `-au` ： ``` @@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ udp        0      0 *:bootpc           ``` -The options for netstat are often intuitive. For example, to show all listening TCP and UDP ports with process ID (PID) and numerical address: +netstat 命令参数常常是简单易懂的。举个例子，要显示带有全部进程 ID (PID) 和数字地址的监听 TCP 和 UDP 的端口： ``` @@ -121,9 +122,9 @@ udp6       0      0 :::5353            :::*                 ``` -The short version of this common combination is `-tulpn`. +这个常用组合简写版本是 `-tulpn` 。 -To display information about a specific service, [filter with `grep`][6]: +要显示一个指定服务的信息，[使用 `grep` 命令过滤][6]： ``` @@ -137,19 +138,19 @@ unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     55196    1721/cu ``` -### Next steps +### 下一步骤 -Once you've run the `netstat` command, you can take steps to secure your system by ensuring that only services that you actively use are listening on your network. +一旦你运行了 `netstat` 命令，你可以在你的网络确认你活动的服务正在监听来确保你的系统安全，进而采取措施。 - 1. Recognize commonly exploited ports and services. As a general rule, close the ports you're not actually using. - 2. Be on the lookout for uncommon port numbers, and learn to recognize legitimate ports in use on your system. - 3. Pay close attention to SELinux errors. Sometimes all you need to do is update contexts to match a legitimate change you've made to your system, but read the errors to make sure that SELinux isn't alerting you of suspicious or malicious activity. + 1. 认识普遍被利用的端口和服务。一般来说，关闭你没有实际使用的端口。 + 2. 留意不常见的端口号，认识了解在你系统上使用的合法端口。 + 3. 密切注意 SELinux 错误。有时你需要更新全部上下文去匹配你对系统做的合法更改， 但是阅读错误警告能够确保 SELinux 没有提醒你可疑或者恶意的活动。 +如果你发现一个端口正在运行一个可以的服务，或者你只是简单的想要关闭你不再使用的端口，你可以遵从以下这些步骤通过防火墙规则手动拒绝端口访问： -If you find that a port is running a suspicious service, or you simply want to close a port that you no longer use, you can manually deny port access through firewall rules by following these steps: -If you're using `firewall-cmd`, run these commands: +如果你在使用 `firewall-cmd` ，运行这些命令： ``` @@ -160,25 +161,24 @@ $ sudo firewall-cmd –runtime-to-permanent ``` -If you're using UFW, run the following command: +如果你在使用 UFW，运行以下的命令： ``` `$ sudo ufw deny ` ``` -Next, stop the service itself using `systemctl`: - +下一步，使用 `systemctl` 来停止这个服务： ``` `$ systemctl stop ` ``` -### Learn netstat +### 理解 netstat -Netstat is a useful tool to quickly collect information about your server's network connections. Regular network monitoring is important an important part of getting to know your system, and it helps you keep your system safe. To incorporate this step into your administrative routine, you can use network monitoring tools like netstat or ss, as well as open source port [scanners such as Nmap or sniffers like Wireshark][7], which allow for [scheduled tasks][8]. +Netstat 是一个快速收集你的服务器网络连接信息的有效工具。定期网络监测是了解你的系统的重要组成部分，也对帮助你保持你的系统安全有着重要意义。将这一步纳入你的日常管理中，你可以使用类似 netstat 或者 ss ，以及 [Nmap 开源端口扫描器 或者像 Wireshark 嗅探器][7] ，它们都允许设定 [计划任务][8]。 -As servers house larger amounts of personal data, it's increasingly important to ensure the security of personal servers. By understanding how your server connects to the Internet, you can decrease your machine's vulnerability, while still benefiting from the growing connectivity of the digital age. +作为服务器存储了大量的个人数据，确保个人服务器的安全日益重要。通过理解你的服务器怎样连接到互联网，你可以降低你的机器的风险，同时你仍可以在数字时代大量的连接中获得益处。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/linux-network-security-netstat 作者：[Sahana Sreeram][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/tech/20220202 Read and Organize Markdown Files in Linux Terminal With Glow.md b/translated/tech/20220202 Read and Organize Markdown Files in Linux Terminal With Glow.md deleted file mode 100644 index ce1df6c690..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20220202 Read and Organize Markdown Files in Linux Terminal With Glow.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,139 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Read and Organize Markdown Files in Linux Terminal With Glow" -[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/glow-cli-tool-markdown/" -[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "hwlife" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -用 Glow 在 Linux 终端阅读和管理 Markdown 文件 -====== - -_**简要说明: Glow 是一个能让你在 Linux 终端渲染 Markdown 文件的命令行工具。你也可以用它来管理 Markdown 文件。**_ - -我喜欢 Markdown 。虽然我不是一个专业的 Markdown 用户，但我确定可以用 Markdown 写下许多文章。 - -如果你是 It’s FOSS 的常客，你可能已经遇到过 [Markdown 指南][1]，编辑器和类似 Obsidian 的工具。我将再加个工具到这个名单。它叫做 [Glow][2] 并且不像之前涵盖的程序，Glow 能够让你在终端里阅读 Markdown 文件。 - -等等！你不能在终端里使用类似 cat , less 甚至是像常规的 [ Linux 命令阅读文本文件][3] 的 Vim 编辑器去阅读 Markdown 文件吗？ - -是的，你可以。但它会将所有代码按原样显示成原始 Markdown 文件，而不是显示正确的格式化文本。 - -![Glow renders the Markdown file][4] - -注意 Glow 不是一个编辑器。你不能用它去写 Markdown 文本。 - - -### Markdown 爱好者将会喜欢 Glow 的功能 - -Glow 可以用两种格式来使用：[命令行界面和终端用户界面][5]。 - -简单的在一个 Markdown 文件使用 Glow 命令将在屏幕上显示整个渲染后的内容。 - -``` - - glow markdown_file - -``` - -![Markdown display with Glow][6] - -这是很不错，但是 Glow 可以做的更好。它有额外的参数打开终端用户界面模式(terminal user interface)并且允许你用它来做更多的事情。 - - -你可以在页面模式下使用页面参数来显示渲染后的文本(类似 less 命令显示文本没有弄乱屏幕一样)。 - -``` - - glow -p markdown_file - -``` - -在页面视图中，你可以使用 **/ 键和 less 命令相同方法那样搜索特定的文本**。你可以按下**q 键退出** 这个视图。 - -![Pager view similar to the less command][7] - - -不止这些。你可以使用 -a 选项，它将查找当前目录和它子目录中的所有 Markdown 文件。 - -``` - - glow -a - -``` - -你可以用方向键在屏幕上滚动文件。上下键向上和向下移动，左右键按照页数移动。 - -![With -a option, Glow finds and displays all Markdown files in current directory][8] - -你可以查看显示在底部的帮助选项。在这个视图查找选项允许你根据文件名查找文件(不是它们的内容). - -![You can search files by their name][9] - -这里也有标签。当然，你可以在标签中通过 Tab 键来回移动。 - -隐藏标签像一个书签。当你浏览文件或是查看它们的内容时，你可以按下 s 键来创建一个隐藏标签 / 书签。这个书签将只会在当前目录下可见。 - - -你可以按下 x 键来移除书签（不是文件）或者按下 m 键来添加一个备注。 - -![You can bookmark files by stashing them with s key][10] - -消息标签显示更新日志和来自 Glow 开发者（们）的其他消息。 - -![The news tab shows messages from the developers][11] - -当你已经找到你想找的文件，你可以通过按下回车键来查看它们。因为你在终端用户界面模式，所以你这里会有额外的键盘选项。选项可以通过按下 ？ 键来显示。 - -![You can view keyboard shortcuts by pressing the ? key][12] - -### 在 Linux 上安装 Glow - -Glow 在 Linux 和 macOS 上是可用的。你可以在 macOS 和[ Linux 上使用 Homebrew ][13]来安装它，然而，我建议你在这里使用 Linux 安装包。 - -Glow 在 Void， Solus 和 Arch Linux 的仓库里是可用的。你可以用它们的包管理器来安装它们。 - -在基于 Arch 的发行版上，使用： - -``` - - sudo pacman -S glow - -``` - -对于 Ubuntu，Debian ，Fedora 和 SUSE ，在各种架构下它们有 .DEB 和 .RPM 二进制包可用，并且你可以在它们的发布页找到它们。 - -[Download Glow for other Linux distros][14] - -### 结尾 - -总之，Glow 是在终端里的一个美化视图和管理 Markdown 的便利工具。像许多其他的命令行工具一样，它不是每个人都适合。如果你经常在终端并喜欢 Markdown 文件，你可以尝试使用一下。当你用过后，请在评论区里分享你使用它的体验。 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/glow-cli-tool-markdown/ - -作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/markdown-guide/ -[2]: https://github.com/charmbracelet/glow -[3]: https://linuxhandbook.com/view-file-linux/ -[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/markdown-display-with-cat.png?resize=1572%2C962&ssl=1 -[5]: https://itsfoss.com/gui-cli-tui/ -[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/markdown-display-with-glow.png?resize=800%2C490&ssl=1 -[7]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/pager-view-with-glow.png?resize=800%2C451&ssl=1 -[8]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/glow-collection.png?resize=800%2C451&ssl=1 -[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/find-files-in-glow.png?resize=800%2C451&ssl=1 -[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/stash-feature-glow.png?resize=800%2C374&ssl=1 -[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/glow-news-tab.png?resize=800%2C451&ssl=1 -[12]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/display-help-in-file-view-in-glow.png?resize=800%2C490&ssl=1 -[13]: https://itsfoss.com/homebrew-linux/ -[14]: https://github.com/charmbracelet/glow/releases diff --git a/translated/tech/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md b/translated/tech/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..978ec0340f --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220214 How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +[#]: subject: "How I configure Vim as my default editor on Linux" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/2/configure-vim-default-editor" +[#]: author: "David Both https://opensource.com/users/dboth" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +我如何在 Linux 上把 Vim 配置为默认编辑器 +====== +Vim 是我最喜爱的编辑器。对于那些默认使用其他编辑器的程序，我对系统所做的这些改变可以使得 Vim 成为它们默认编辑器。 +![一个正在使用笔记本电脑的人][1] + +我使用 Linux 大概有 25 年了，在那之前我还使用了几年的 Unix。在这段时间里，我对一些日常使用的工具形成了偏好。Vim 是我使用的最重要的工具之一。 + +我在 90 年代初学习 Solaris 时，就开始使用 Vi 了，因为有人告诉我，它在任何系统上都能使用。从我的经验来看，确实是这样。我也试过其他编辑器，它们都能够胜任工作。但是，对于我来说，Vim 的使用效果最好。我经常使用它，以至于形成了肌肉记忆，甚至我在使用其他编辑器时也会下意识地去按 Vim 的快捷键。 + +另外，我只是单纯地喜欢 Vim 而已。 + +许多配置文件使用 Vi 而不是 Vim，你可以运行 `vi` 命令。不过，`vi` 命令其实是 `vim` 命令的一个链接。 + +许多 Linux 工具使用的编辑器都是在模拟或是直接调用的 [Nano][2]、[Emacs][3] 或者 Vim。其他的一些工具允许用户（比如那些有着明确偏好的用户）使用他们喜欢的编辑器。举两个对我影响最大的例子，一个是 Bash 命令行，它默认使用 Emacs；另一个是 Alpine 文本模式的邮件客户端，它默认使用 Pico。事实上，Pico 是专门为 Pine 邮件客户端编写的，而 Pine 是 Alpine 的前身。 + +并非所有使用外部编辑器的程序都是可配置的。有些程序只使用开发者指定的编辑器。对于那些可配置的应用程序，有不同的方法来选择你喜欢的编辑器。 + +### 在 Linux 命令行中编辑 + +除了实际编辑文本文件外，另一个我经常使用，且和编辑密切相关的工具是 Bash shell。Bash 的默认编辑器是 Emacs。虽然我也用过 Emacs，但我肯定更喜欢 Vim。所以很多年前，我把 Bash 命令行的默认编辑器从 Emacs 换成了 Vim，这对我来说更舒服。 + +有很多种方法可以配置 Bash。你可以使用一个本地配置文件，比如 `/home/yourhomedirectory/.bashrc`，它只对你的用户账户进行默认修改，而不对同一系统的其他用户进行修改。我个人倾向于让这些改变成为全局性的，基本上就是我的个人账户和 root。如果你也想全局配置，你可以创建你自己的配置文件，并把它放在 `/etc/profile.d` 目录中。 + +我在 `/etc/profile.d` 中添加了一个名为 `myBashConfig.sh` 的文件。`/etc/profile.d` 目录中存放了所有已安装的 shell 的启动文件。在启动终端会话时，每个 shell 仅会根据文件名的扩展名，读取为其准备的启动文件。例如，Bash shell 只读取扩展名为 `.sh` 的文件。 + +```shell + +alias vim='vim -c "colorscheme desert" ' +# 把 vi 设置为 Bash 的默认编辑器 +set -o vi +# 为所有检查 $EDITOR 变量的程序设置默认编辑器为 vi +EDITOR=vi + +``` + +在这个全局 Bash 配置文件段中，`set -o vi` 将 Vi 设置为默认编辑器。这个 `set` 命令中的 `-o` 选项将 `vi` 定义为编辑器。为使配置生效，你需要关闭所有正在运行的 Bash 会话，并打开新的会话。 + +现在，你现在可以使用所有你熟悉的 Vim 命令，包括光标移动。只要按下 **Escape** 键就可以进入 Vim 编辑模式。我特别喜欢多次使用 **b** 将光标移回多个字的功能。 + +### 将 Vim 设置为其他程序的默认值 + +一些 Linux 命令行工具和程序会检查 `$EDITOR` 环境变量来决定使用哪个编辑器。你可以用下面的命令检查这个变量的当前值。我在一个新安装的虚拟机上运行过该命令，以查看默认的编辑器到底是什么。 + +```shell +# echo $EDITOR +/usr/bin/nano +# +``` + +默认情况下，检查 `$EDITOR` 环境变量的 Fedora 程序会使用 Nano 编辑器。在 `myBashConfig.sh` 中添加一行 `EDITOR=vi`（如上面的片段所示），可以将默认值改为 Vi（Vim）编辑器。然而，不是所有使用外部编辑器的命令行程序都会检查这个环境变量。 + +### 在 Alpine 中编辑电子邮件 + +几周前，我发现我的电子邮件编辑器 Pico 不能很好地工作。在使用 [Alpine][4] 之后，我从 Thunderbird 切换到了 Pico，它勉强够用，我也使用了一段时间。但我发现，当我试图使用 + +我在 Alpine 的用户帮助中看到，默认编辑器是可以修改的。我决定把它改成 Vim。实际上这很容易做到。 + +在 Alpine 主菜单上，按 **S** 键进入设置，然后按 **C** 键进行配置。在 “编辑器设置Composer Preferences” 部分，按 **X** 选择 “启用外部编辑器命令Enable Alternate Editor Command” 和 “隐式启用外部编辑器Enable Alternate Editor Implicitly” 项目。在往下滚动几页的 “高级用户设置Advanced User Preferences” 部分，找到 **Editor** 那一行。如果它还没有被修改的话，它应该是这样的： + +```shell +`Editor    = ` +``` + +用光标栏突出显示 **Editor** 这一行，然后按 **Enter** 键来编辑。将 `` 改为 `vim`，再按 **Enter**，然后按 **E** 键退出，最后按 **Y** 键保存修改。 + +要用 Vim 编辑电子邮件，只需输入电子邮件正文，Vim 就会自动启动，就像 Pico 那样。所有我喜欢的编辑功能都还在，因为它实际上是在使用 Vim。甚至退出 Vim 的 `Esc :wq` 操作也是一样的。 +### 最后，我的想法 + +与其他编辑器相比，我更喜欢 Vim，对我的系统进行的这些改动后，那些默认使用其他编辑器的应用程序，将使用 Vim 来替代它们的默认编辑器。有些程序使用 `$EDITOR` 环境变量，因此你只需要做一次修改就够了。其他有用户配置选项的程序，如 Alpine，则必须为每个程序单独设置。 + +这种可以选择你喜欢的外部编辑器的能力，非常符合 Unix 哲学的宗旨：“每个程序都只做一件事，而且要做得出色”。既然已经有几个优秀的编辑器，为什么还要再写一个呢？而且它也符合 Linux 哲学的宗旨：“使用你最喜欢的编辑器”。 + +当然，你可以把你的默认文本编辑器改为 Nano、Pico、EMACS 或任何其他你喜欢的编辑器。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/configure-vim-default-editor + +作者：[David Both][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/dboth +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/laptop_screen_desk_work_chat_text.png?itok=UXqIDRDD (Person using a laptop) +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/gnu-nano +[3]: https://opensource.com/tags/emacs +[4]: https://opensource.com/article/21/5/alpine-linux-email diff --git a/translated/tech/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md b/translated/tech/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0850dc5d55 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220325 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 - Perfection with Stability -Review.md @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ +[#]: subject: "Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 – Perfection with Stability [Review]" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/linux-mint-debian-edition-5-review/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "robsean" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 – 完美稳定 +====== +我们对最近发布的 LINUX MINT DEBIAN EDITION 5 (LMDE 5) 的性能、稳定性和用户友好性等方面进行了评审。这里是我们的发现。 +在 LMDE 4 (Debbie) 发布两年多的时间后，Linux Mint 团队宣告了 Linux Mint Debian Edition LMDE 5 (LMDE 5) 的发布。LMDE 5 基于 [Debian 11 Bullseye][1] ，它带来了长期支持的 Linux Kernel 5.10 和 Debian 软件包源。除内核版本以外，大多数的应用程序和软件包与Linux Mint 20.3 几乎完全相同。 + +这意味着, 让我们尽情开始吧。 + +### Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 概述 + +我们在现有的较旧的硬件下测试 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 (LMDE 5)。 + + * 英特尔 酷睿 i3 第一代 + * 4GB DDR3 内存条 + * 博通芯片 + * 英伟达® GeForce® 315M + * 固态硬盘 + + + +#### ISO 下载，LIVE 媒介 和 安装 + +从最新设计的 Linux Mint 网站查找并下载 ISO 文件是很容易的。LIVE 媒介启动正常，安装器图标出现在安装器的桌面中。 + +LMDE 使用 Debian 安装器的一款修改版本。它不是 Calamares 。普通的 Debian 安装器是很难操作的，有点 [让新用户感到困惑][2] [我的个人观点]。但是，Linux Mint 团队使其只需几个步骤就可以非常容易地安装，并从 Debian 安装器中移除了所有的使人困惑的选项。 + +你只需要提供位置、键盘布局、姓名和密码，你就准备好来安装了。安装器的分区系统使用 GParted ，它很方便好用。 + +因此，在我的测试的虚拟机和物理机硬件中，安装过程都运行平稳。 + +在物理机系统中安装将花费 4 到 5 分钟，而在虚拟机系统中安装将花费 3 分钟。 + +#### 第一印象 + +![Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 \(LMDE5\) Desktop][3] + +如果你先前就熟悉带有 Cinnamon 桌面环境的 Linux Mint，那么你将不会在 Debian 版本中找到任何的不同。它们是相同的。如果你新来到 Linux Mint 的 Cinnamon 桌面环境，那么在你完成你的安装后，一个极好的干净的桌面会欢迎你。 + +桌面图标、完美调教过的颜色和主题、底部任务栏、系统托盘 – 一切都配合有序，你能够立刻开始。 + +不管你使用低端或高端硬件 – Linux Mint Debian edition 都能快速响应和在应用程序中很好地工作。应用程序和整体桌面环境之间无缝地切换响应。 + +你将获得完美测试过的应用程序和软件包，这将不会破坏 Debian 的稳定性。这意味着不必担心软件包的冲突、缺少更新和 Linux 系统的常见问题。 + +#### 预安装的应用程序 + +Linux Mint (不仅仅是 Debian 版本) 的一个优势是它的预加载的应用程序。很多 Linux 发行版在 ISO 安装器中没有包含必要的应用程序，因为一些原因，例如 ISO 文件的大小等等。 + +但是，Linux Mint 团队全心全意为它们的用户考虑，并打包你们所需要的所有的应用程序。这照顾到了大多数用户的基本需求。它有助于减少最终用户在安装 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 后在搜索和安装兼容性应用程序方面的负担。 + +[][4] + +请参考: Zorin OS 16 Lite 概述 - 美丽、性能和简洁的完美组合 + +例如，在 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 中，已默认安装下面的必备软件，随时待用。 + + * 绘图:Pencil + * 多媒体: Celluloid media player, Hypnotix, Rythmbox + * Torrent 客户端:Transmission 3.0 + * 完整的办公套件: LibreOffice 7.0 + * Email客户端: Thunderbird 91.0 + * 网络浏览器: Firefox 97.0 + + + +这不是所有。对于下面的所有的具体使用情况，你都会得到一个专用的本机应用程序。 + + +用户无需为这些应用寻找单独的应用程序。 + + * 屏幕截图和屏幕保护程序 + * 减少眼睛疲劳的工具 + * USB 格式化工具和镜像写入器 + * 便签 + * Synaptic 软件包管理器 + * 系统备份和恢复程序 + * 防火墙使用程序 + + + +#### LMDE5 的性能表现怎么样? + +查看一个发行版的预期性能表现总是令人感兴趣的。Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 的性能表现远远超出预期。 + +在空闲状态下，它消耗 750 MB 的 RAM 和 2% 的 CPU 。 + +![Performance During the light workload][5] + +接下来，我使用下面的工作内容来完成繁重的工作负载。 + + * Firefox （附带有打开的三个标签页，其中一个播放 YouTube 视频） + * LibreOffice Calc（打开一个表格） + * 绘图应用程序（附带有一个实例） + * 设置 + * 一个终端窗口 + * 文件管理器 + + + +随着上述的工作负载，它消耗了大约 1.5 GB 的 RAM 和 14% 的 CPU 。显然，Firefox 消耗了大部分的资源。 + +![Performance During heavy workload][6] + +在我看来，对于较旧的硬件来说，它完美地平衡量化和优化资源消耗。上述的量化是在物理机系统上测量的。 + +#### 网络链接 + +因为网络链接是任意操作系统的不可或缺的一部分。所以，Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 能够链接到 WiFi (使用一款老旧的 Broadcom 芯片) 和链接到蓝牙扬声器（不需任意的额外调整）。 + +在我的测试期间，音量控制与蓝牙守护进程一起工作地很好。 + +此外，我们也测试了 USB 接口设备的热插拔，它们被自动侦测和挂载而没有遇到任何问题。 + +因此，这没有让人感到意外，这是意料之中的。 + +### 一些错误? + +我在测试期间没有遇到任何错误。一切都很好地工作。 + +但是当我关闭我的物理测试系统的笔记本盖板时，我发现一个错误。在它进入待机状态后，不能将其唤醒。我不能看到登录屏幕。没有任何光标的黑屏。我必需重新启动来进入系统。 + +它可能是我测试设备上的特定硬件设备的问题。我相信它不会在新的硬件系统上有任何的问题。 + +### 总结 + +总结一下 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 的评审，它显然是最稳定、最优化的 Linux 发行版。如果你计划在未来两年或更长的时间段内使用一款用于日常驱动的系统，你可以信赖这个版本。因此，如果你需要一款非基于 Ubuntu 的稳定的、快速的、低维护率的系统，并针对你的旧系统或新系统来长期运行日常驱动，这会是一个完美的选择。请试试。 + +你可以 [在官方网站上][7] 下载 Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 。 + +谢谢。 + +* * * + +我们带来最新的科技、软件新闻和重要的题材。通过 [Telegram][8]、[Twitter][9]、[YouTube][10] 和 [Facebook][11] 保持联系、不错过一次更新! + +##### 请参考 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/linux-mint-debian-edition-5-review/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/debian-11-features/ +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/install-debian-buster/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Linux-Mint-Debian-Edition-5-LMDE5-Desktop-1024x580.jpg +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/zorin-os-16-lite-review-xfce/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Performance-During-light-workload-1024x606.jpg +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Performance-During-heavy-workload-1024x601.jpg +[7]: https://linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=297 +[8]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[9]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[10]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[11]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/translated/tech/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md b/translated/tech/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cb63344ec9 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220406 Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak.md @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +[#]: subject: "Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak" +[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/unsnap-migrate-snap-to-flatpak/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Ubuntu 的前 Snap 倡导者创建了一个工具，帮助你从 Snap 迁移到 Flatpak +====== + +不喜欢使用 Snap？ + +好吧，你可以一直坚持使用传统的二进制包（deb/rpm），或者选择 [Flatpak][1]。 + +但是，如果你已经依赖 Snap 商店的应用，怎么办？ + +手动删除应用，摆脱 Snap，安装 Flatpak，并安装所有 Flatpak 包，这将是非常耗时的。 + +这就是 “Unsnap” 派上用场的地方。 + +Unsnap 是一个开源工具，由 Canonical 的前 Snap 倡导者 **Alan Pope** 开发，帮助你从使用 snap 包快速迁移到 Flatpaks。 + +### Unsnap：它是如何工作的 + +请注意，该工具仍处于前 alpha 阶段，你可以测试它，但如果你想帮助改进它并亲自尝试，你可能要做一些研究。 + +基本上，该工具生成的脚本可以帮助你做以下事情（按特定顺序）： + + * 备份现有的 Snaps。 + * 安装 Flatpak（如果尚未存在）。 + * 启用 Flathub。 + * 为相同的 Snap 应用安装 Flatpaks。 + * 移除已安装的 Flatpaks 的 Snap 应用。 + * 删除所有 Snap。 + + + +虽然脚本是在你运行工具时自动生成的，但你可以选择手动或自动逐个运行这些脚本来切换到 Flatpaks。 + +### 如何测试 Unsnap？ + +![][2] + +看了上面的截图，你可能对它的实现方式有了一个模糊的概念。你也可以参考它的 [GitHub 页面][3]了解最新信息。 + +作为参考，让我为你强调一下步骤： + +#### 1\. 克隆 GitHub 仓库 + +请确保你已经[在你的 Linux 发行版上安装了 Git][4]。完成后，你可以输入以下命令： + +``` + + git clone https://github.com/popey/unsnap + +``` + +#### 2\. 切换到该目录 + +当你克隆了仓库，你的系统上就会有 **unsnap** 目录。 + +输入以下命令切换到目录： + +``` + + cd unsnap + +``` + +#### 3\. 运行该工具 + +在切换到目标目录后，只需使用命令运行 **unsnap** 工具： + +``` + + ./unsnap + +``` + +它将检查现有的 snap、Flatpaks 等进行设置。 + +正如你在上面的截图中注意到的，它已经检测到我的系统有 Flatpak 设置，所以它跳过了为这些任务生成脚本。 + +在这个过程中，它还会了解你系统上安装的 Snap 包，以便在你运行生成的脚本时找到相应的 Flatpaks。 + +如果你想立即运行所有的脚本，你可以输入： + +``` + + ./unsnap auto + +``` + +![][2] + +如果你想在没有自动选项的情况下进行控制，你可以发现生成的脚本驻留在一个日志目录内，如下图所示： + +![][2] + +下面是你应该遵循的脚本的顺序： + + * 00-backup + * 01-install-flatpak + * 02-enable-flathub + * 03-install-flatpaks + * 04-remove-snaps + * 99-remove-snapd + + + +在我的例子中，我已经设置了 Flatpak，所以我继续运行备份脚本，然后安装 Flatpak，如此循环。下面是它看起来的样子： + +![][2] + +你应该记住，这个工具正在积极开发中，可能不会像预期那样工作。所以，你如果依赖众多的 Snap 包，你应该在虚拟机或测试机上试验使用该工具，并等待该工具随着稳定版本的推出而改进。 + +_请在下面的评论中告诉我你对 Unsnap 的看法。_ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://news.itsfoss.com/unsnap-migrate-snap-to-flatpak/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/ +[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU4NyIgd2lkdGg9IjgzMSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4= +[3]: https://github.com/popey/unsnap +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-git-ubuntu/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20220409 How to Activate the Dark and Light Wallpaper Variants in GNOME 42.md b/translated/tech/20220409 How to Activate the Dark and Light Wallpaper Variants in GNOME 42.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..54f7eaa1f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220409 How to Activate the Dark and Light Wallpaper Variants in GNOME 42.md @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Activate the Dark and Light Wallpaper Variants in GNOME 42" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/dark-light-wallpaper-gnome/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何启用 GNOME 42 中的深色和浅色双主题壁纸 +====== + +GNOME 42 的主要 [功能][1] 之一就是提供了深色和浅色模式的双主题壁纸。 + +![GNOME 42 中的深色和浅色壁纸][4] + +基本上，有了这个功能，当你切换到浅色模式时，系统就会使用浅色版本的壁纸。而当你 [在 GNOME 中切换到深色模式][3]时，壁纸就会切换成深色的版本。 + +下面是一个双主题壁纸的例子，你可以移动滑块来进行比较： + +![GNOME 中的深色和浅色双主题壁纸][4] + +这种双主题壁纸可在“设置 > 外观”的“背景”部分中启用。 + +然而，在某些情况下，设置中可能没有双主题壁纸，你可能会看到一个空的“背景”部分，像下面这样： + +![没有双主题壁纸][5] + +这是我的队友 Sreenath 在更新他的 Endeavour OS 系统、得到新的 GNOME 42 桌面时注意到的情况。 + +### 在 GNOME 42 中启用深色和浅色双主题壁纸 + +如果你也在 GNOME 42 中面临同样的情况，我这里有一个快速而简单的解决方案。你只需要使用软件包管理器，安装 gnome-backgrounds 软件包，问题就会得到解决。 + +首先，请 [检查桌面环境细节][6]，确保你正在运行 GNOME 42。你可以在系统设置的“关于”部分查看你的桌面版本。 + +当你确定你的系统安装了 GNOME 42，请继续执行剩下的步骤。 + +对于 [基于 Arch 的发行版][7]，请使用 [pacman 命令][8]，如下： + +```shell + sudo pacman -S gnome-backgrounds +``` + +等待命令执行完毕。 + +![][9] + +你不需要重新启动，甚至不需要注销。改动将立即生效。 + +你只需进入“设置”中的“外观”，然后选择“背景”部分，应该就会看到各种具有双重模式的壁纸。 + +选择其中的一对，它就会根据你的系统主题来设置图像。 + +![GNOME 中的深色和浅色壁纸][10] + +太好了。但你只能得到 GNOME 团队或者发行版的开发者提供的少数双主题壁纸。如果你想拥有一套自己的深色和浅色模式的壁纸呢？那么，你可以自己制作壁纸，只是需要一点调整和耐心。 + +### 制作你自己的双主题壁纸（针对高级用户） + +我假设你知道自己在干什么，当你尝试下面的步骤，以在深色和浅色双主题壁纸中添加额外的壁纸时： + + * 下载两张图片 + * 把浅色壁纸重命名为 `image-l.jpg`，把深色壁纸重命名为 `image-d.jpg` + * 如果你想让新壁纸对所有用户可用，请在 `/usr/share` 目录下新建一个 `gnome-background-properties` 目录。否则，如果你只想自己使用，请在 `.local/share` 中新建这个目录 + * 将这段 [GNOME 官方 GitLab 仓库中的代码][11] 拷贝到文本编辑器中，并在 `` 标签中分别修改相应的浅色或深色图片的位置 + * 将其保存在你之前创建的 `gnome-background-properties` 目录下 + * 现在可以在系统设置里修改背景壁纸了 + +需要更多帮助吗？WOGUE 有一个很好的视频，里面展示了这些步骤的操作。 + +我希望你喜欢这个快速小技巧。祝你体验愉快！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/dark-light-wallpaper-gnome/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-42-features/ +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/fedora-36-gnome-42-dark-800x450.jpg +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/fedora-dark-mode/ +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GNOME_Light_Desktop.jpg +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/no-dark-light-wallpaper-in-gnome-800x326.png +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/find-desktop-environment/ +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/arch-based-linux-distros/ +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/pacman-command/ +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/add-dark-light-wallpapers-gnome-800x366.png +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/dark-light-wallpapers-gnome-800x370.jpg +[11]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-backgrounds/-/blob/main/backgrounds/adwaita.xml.in diff --git a/translated/tech/20220410 10 Best Indie RPG Games for Linux in 2022.md b/translated/tech/20220410 10 Best Indie RPG Games for Linux in 2022.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8b3626f849 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220410 10 Best Indie RPG Games for Linux in 2022.md @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +[#]: subject: "10 Best Indie RPG Games for Linux in 2022" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/best-indie-rpg-games-linux/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "lkxed" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +2022 年 10 款最佳的 Linux 独立 RPG 游戏 +====== + +无论是在 Windows、Linux 还是 macOS 上，你都能找到很多独立游戏玩。 + +你有可能会找到十分激动人心的游戏，这些游戏往往是被低估的，这使得探索独立游戏成为了一件令人兴奋的事。 + +但是，在本文中，我只关注 Linux 平台上最佳的独立（即由小团队开发的）RPG 游戏。 + +即使你只有一套入门级的游戏硬件也没有关系，大多数独立游戏在许多计算机（甚至只有集成显卡）上都能正常工作。 + +请注意，本列表包括来自 Steam 的游戏（没有特定的排名顺序），它们有些是免费的，有些则是付费的。 + +如果你是一个狂热的游戏玩家，在游戏上花费了大量的时间和金钱，你应该订阅 Humble Monthly。这个来自 [Humble Bundle][1]（这是一个推广链接，请阅读我们的 [推广政策][2]）的月度订阅计划让你每个月只需花 12 美元就能获得 100 美元的游戏。 + +并不是所有游戏都能在 Linux 上玩，但这仍然是笔划算的交易，因为你从 Humble Bundle 网站购买任何游戏或书籍都能获得额外的 10% 折扣。 + +最棒的是，你的每一次购买都是对一个慈善组织的支持。因此，你不仅仅是在玩游戏，你也在为世界带来改变。 + +[订阅 Humble Monthly][1] + +### 1. Valheim + +![][3] + +Valheim 是一个令人印象深刻的独立游戏，它目前仍处于内测阶段。 + +这是一个关于探险和生存的游戏，你可以同时与最多 10 名玩家一起玩。当然，你也可以选择自己一个人玩。 + +对于一个独立开发的游戏来说，它里面的世界看起来美极了，而且随着时间的推移，这个游戏也在不断改进。它是一款付费游戏，在 Steam 上的售价为 19.99 美元，它原生支持 Linux 平台。 + +[Valheim][4] + +### 2. Undertale + +Undertale 是一款有趣的 RPG 游戏，你不需要在游戏中杀任何人。你可以利用其战斗系统，通过谈判来摆脱危险。 + +游戏围绕着一个掉入地下怪物世界的人类而展开。令人惊讶的是，你可以和一个骷髅约会，甚至可以和所有的 boss 成为朋友。 + +因此，当你开始玩这个游戏时，你会有一个快乐的体验。 + +[Undertale (Steam)][5] + +[Humble Bundle 商店][6] + +### 3. ARK：Survival Evolved + +![][7] + +ARK Survival Evolved 是一款生存和探索游戏，它发生在一个美丽设定下，里面有恐龙和其他生物。 + +为了生存和逃跑，你需要制作、采集资源、狩猎、驯服生物、繁殖它们，以及做更多的事情。 + +它可能不完全像是一个独立游戏，但它尽力给你一个接近 3A 大作的游戏体验。 + +[ARK: Survival Evolved][8] + +### 4. Wildermyth + +![][9] + +它是一个剧情决策 RPG 游戏，你的战术、战斗以及所做的决定将影响游戏中的世界和人物。 + +你可以和你的角色们一起对抗邪恶，并体验他们的整个职业生涯。它不是一个普通的独立 RPG 游戏，而是一个提供角色深度的游戏，让你沉浸其中。 + +这个游戏售价为 24.99 美元，可在 Linux 上运行。 + +[Wildermyth][10] + +### 5. Mount & Blade：Warband + +![][11] + +经典的战争动作 RPG 游戏之一，它让你有机会建立一支军队，扩大你的王国，并为王位而战! + +虽然它最初是在 2010 年推出的，但是它有几个 DLC 可以供你扩大和探索更多的可玩性。 + +游戏的基本费用为 9.99 美元。你可以根据需要购买额外的 DLC。 + +[Mount & Blade][12] + +### 6. Rakuen + +![][13] + +Rakuen 是一款有趣的冒险 RPG 游戏，它的主角是一个住在医院里的小男孩。 + +故事围绕着小男孩通过帮助医院里的邻居来完成挑战，同时还要对付他们在幻想世界里的另一个自己。 + +男孩的妈妈承诺，只要他完成了所有这些挑战，就会护送他到他最喜欢的故事书中的幻想世界。互动过程中，你的情绪会像过山车一样，经历快乐、悲伤、思考和难忘的回忆。 + +该游戏在 Steam 上的价格为 9.9 美元。 + +[Rakuen][14] + +### 7. Darkwood + +![][15] + +Darkwood 是一款独一无二的生存恐怖 RPG 游戏，它采用上帝视角。 + +你可能认为它会是一个上帝视角的基本体验，但令人印象深刻的是，它设法提供了一个沉浸式的体验，在这个游戏中，你的决定至关重要。这个自由漫游的世界中没有任务标记，所以它会是一个具有挑战性的体验。 + +[Darkwood][16] + +### 8. WAFKU + +![][17] + +WAFKU 是一个充满动作元素的大型多人在线 RPG 宇宙。 + +它以一组有趣的人物为特色，并给人以回合制战术战斗的奇妙体验。每个等级都有一套独特的技能。而且，你会在游戏中发现所有的 18 种技能。 + +因此，你可以探索/选择适合你的游戏风格。 + +你可以建造自己的世界，控制生态系统，还可以参与政治生活。听起来很有意思，不是吗？ + +[WAFKU][18] + +### 9. Mechajammer + +![][19] + +Mechajammer 是一款有趣的 RPG 游戏，它具有令人兴奋的视觉效果。 + +它采用了回合制赛博朋克的设定，因此你会有一种新鲜的体验。你可以选择一辆车或武器，挑选一个帮派的支线任务，以及做其他一些事情。 + +它很好的融合了开放世界探索和回合制战斗，这对你来说会是个挑战。你可以做很多方面的定制，包括调整角色的能力。 + +它或许不是一个受欢迎的选择，但它是一个硬核的经典风格的 RPG 游戏，因此口碑还是不错的。 + +[Mechajammer][20] + +### 10. Finding Paradise + +![][21] + +玩够了战斗/动作游戏？来点故事驱动的 RPG 体验如何？ + +Finding Paradise 是一款很棒的故事驱动型 RPG 游戏，它围绕着实现一个垂死者的遗愿而展开。 + +[Finding Paradise][22] + +### 总结 + +以上是在 Steam 上为 Linux 用户提供的一些评价最好的 RPG 游戏。 + +事实上，Linux 上还有非常多的独立 RPG 游戏，本文只列举了其中几个我们最喜欢的。你有喜欢的游戏吗？请在下面的评论区中告诉我们吧！ + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/best-indie-rpg-games-linux/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.humblebundle.com/?partner=itsfoss +[2]: https://itsfoss.com/affiliate-policy/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/valheim-linux.jpg +[4]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/892970/Valheim/ +[5]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/391540/Undertale/ +[6]: https://www.humblebundle.com/store/undertale?partner=itsfoss +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ark-survival-linux.jpg +[8]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/346110/ARK_Survival_Evolved/ +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/wildermyth.jpg +[10]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/763890/Wildermyth/ +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/mount-blade-linux.jpg +[12]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/48700/Mount__Blade_Warband/ +[13]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/rakeun-linux.jpg +[14]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/559210/Rakuen/ +[15]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/darkwood-linux.jpg +[16]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/274520/Darkwood/ +[17]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/wafku-linux.jpg +[18]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/215080/WAKFU/ +[19]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/mechajammer-linux.jpg +[20]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/485400/Mechajammer/ +[21]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/finding-paradise.jpg +[22]: https://store.steampowered.com/app/337340/Finding_Paradise/