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PRF&PUB:20171215 How to find and tar files into a tar ball.md
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如何找出并打包文件成 tar 包
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======
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Q:我想找出所有的 *.doc 文件并将它们创建成一个 tar 包,然后存储在 `/nfs/backups/docs/file.tar` 中。是否可以在 Linux 或者类 Unix 系统上查找并 tar 打包文件?
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`find` 命令用于按照给定条件在目录层次结构中搜索文件。`tar` 命令是用于 Linux 和类 Unix 系统创建 tar 包的归档工具。
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[![How to find and tar files on linux unix][1]][1]
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让我们看看如何将 `tar` 命令与 `find` 命令结合在一个命令行中创建一个 tar 包。
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### Find 命令
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语法是:
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```
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find /path/to/search -name "file-to-search" -options
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## 找出所有 Perl(*.pl)文件 ##
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find $HOME -name "*.pl" -print
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## 找出所有 *.doc 文件 ##
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find $HOME -name "*.doc" -print
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## 找出所有 *.sh(shell 脚本)并运行 ls -l 命令 ##
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find . -iname "*.sh" -exec ls -l {} +
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```
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最后一个命令的输出示例:
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```
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-rw-r--r-- 1 vivek vivek 1169 Apr 4 2017 ./backups/ansible/cluster/nginx.build.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 1500 Dec 6 14:36 ./bin/cloudflare.pure.url.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 13 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/cmspostupload.sh -> postupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 12 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/cmspreupload.sh -> preupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 14 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/cmssuploadimage.sh -> uploadimage.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 13 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/faqpostupload.sh -> postupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 12 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/faqpreupload.sh -> preupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 14 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/faquploadimage.sh -> uploadimage.sh
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-rw-r--r-- 1 vivek vivek 778 Nov 6 14:44 ./bin/mirror.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 136 Apr 25 2015 ./bin/nixcraft.com.301.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 547 Jan 30 2017 ./bin/paypal.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 531 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/postupload.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 437 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/preupload.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 1046 May 18 2017 ./bin/purge.all.cloudflare.domain.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 13 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/tipspostupload.sh -> postupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 12 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/tipspreupload.sh -> preupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 14 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/tipsuploadimage.sh -> uploadimage.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 1193 Oct 18 2013 ./bin/uploadimage.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 29 Nov 6 14:33 ./.vim/plugged/neomake/tests/fixtures/errors.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 215 Nov 6 14:33 ./.vim/plugged/neomake/tests/helpers/trap.sh
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```
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### Tar 命令
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要[创建 /home/vivek/projects 目录的 tar 包][2],运行:
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```
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$ tar -cvf /home/vivek/projects.tar /home/vivek/projects
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```
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### 结合 find 和 tar 命令
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语法是:
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```
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find /dir/to/search/ -name "*.doc" -exec tar -rvf out.tar {} \;
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```
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或者
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```
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find /dir/to/search/ -name "*.doc" -exec tar -rvf out.tar {} +
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```
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例子:
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```
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find $HOME -name "*.doc" -exec tar -rvf /tmp/all-doc-files.tar "{}" \;
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```
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或者
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```
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find $HOME -name "*.doc" -exec tar -rvf /tmp/all-doc-files.tar "{}" +
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```
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这里,find 命令的选项:
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* `-name "*.doc"`:按照给定的模式/标准查找文件。在这里,在 $HOME 中查找所有 *.doc 文件。
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* `-exec tar ...` :对 `find` 命令找到的所有文件执行 `tar` 命令。
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这里,`tar` 命令的选项:
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* `-r`:将文件追加到归档末尾。参数与 `-c` 选项具有相同的含义。
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* `-v`:详细输出。
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* `-f out.tar` : 将所有文件追加到 out.tar 中。
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也可以像下面这样将 `find` 命令的输出通过管道输入到 `tar` 命令中:
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```
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find $HOME -name "*.doc" -print0 | tar -cvf /tmp/file.tar --null -T -
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```
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传递给 `find` 命令的 `-print0` 选项处理特殊的文件名。`--null` 和 `-T` 选项告诉 `tar` 命令从标准输入/管道读取输入。也可以使用 `xargs` 命令:
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```
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find $HOME -type f -name "*.sh" | xargs tar cfvz /nfs/x230/my-shell-scripts.tgz
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```
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有关更多信息,请参阅下面的 man 页面:
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```
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$ man tar
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$ man find
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$ man xargs
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$ man bash
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```
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------------------------------
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作者简介:
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作者是 nixCraft 的创造者,是一名经验丰富的系统管理员,也是 Linux 操作系统/Unix shell 脚本培训师。他曾与全球客户以及 IT、教育、国防和太空研究以及非营利部门等多个行业合作。在 Twitter、Facebook 和 Google+ 上关注他。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-find-tar-files-into-tarball-command/
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作者:[Vivek Gite][a]
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译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
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[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2017/12/How-to-find-and-tar-files-on-linux-unix.jpg
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[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/creating-a-tar-file-linux-command-line/
|
@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
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如何找出并打包文件成 tar 包
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======
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||||
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我想找出所有的 \*.doc 文件并将它们创建成一个 tar 包,然后存储在 /nfs/backups/docs/file.tar 中。是否可以在 Linux 或者类 Unix 系统上查找并 tar 打包文件?
|
||||
|
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find 命令用于按照给定条件在目录层次结构中搜索文件。tar 命令是用于 Linux 和类 Unix 系统创建 tar 包的归档工具。
|
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|
||||
[![How to find and tar files on linux unix][1]][1]
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||||
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让我们看看如何将 tar 命令与 find 命令结合在一个命令行中创建一个 tar 包。
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|
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## Find 命令
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||||
|
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语法是:
|
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```
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find /path/to/search -name "file-to-search" -options
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||||
## 找出所有 Perl(*.pl)文件 ##
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find $HOME -name "*.pl" -print
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||||
## 找出所有 \*.doc 文件 ##
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||||
find $HOME -name "*.doc" -print
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## 找出所有 *.sh(shell 脚本)并运行 ls -l 命令 ##
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find . -iname "*.sh" -exec ls -l {} +
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```
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最后一个命令的输出示例:
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```
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||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 vivek vivek 1169 Apr 4 2017 ./backups/ansible/cluster/nginx.build.sh
|
||||
-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 1500 Dec 6 14:36 ./bin/cloudflare.pure.url.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 13 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/cmspostupload.sh -> postupload.sh
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||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 12 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/cmspreupload.sh -> preupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 14 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/cmssuploadimage.sh -> uploadimage.sh
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||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 13 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/faqpostupload.sh -> postupload.sh
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||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 12 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/faqpreupload.sh -> preupload.sh
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||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 14 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/faquploadimage.sh -> uploadimage.sh
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-rw-r--r-- 1 vivek vivek 778 Nov 6 14:44 ./bin/mirror.sh
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||||
-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 136 Apr 25 2015 ./bin/nixcraft.com.301.sh
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||||
-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 547 Jan 30 2017 ./bin/paypal.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 531 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/postupload.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 437 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/preupload.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 1046 May 18 2017 ./bin/purge.all.cloudflare.domain.sh
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||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 13 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/tipspostupload.sh -> postupload.sh
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 12 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/tipspreupload.sh -> preupload.sh
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||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 vivek vivek 14 Dec 31 2013 ./bin/tipsuploadimage.sh -> uploadimage.sh
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||||
-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 1193 Oct 18 2013 ./bin/uploadimage.sh
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||||
-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 29 Nov 6 14:33 ./.vim/plugged/neomake/tests/fixtures/errors.sh
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 vivek vivek 215 Nov 6 14:33 ./.vim/plugged/neomake/tests/helpers/trap.sh
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```
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||||
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## Tar 命令
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要[创建 /home/vivek/projects 目录的 tar 包][2],运行:
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```
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$ tar -cvf /home/vivek/projects.tar /home/vivek/projects
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```
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||||
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## 结合 find 和 tar 命令
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||||
|
||||
语法是:
|
||||
```
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find /dir/to/search/ -name "*.doc" -exec tar -rvf out.tar {} \;
|
||||
```
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||||
或者
|
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```
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find /dir/to/search/ -name "*.doc" -exec tar -rvf out.tar {} +
|
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```
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例子:
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||||
```
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find $HOME -name "*.doc" -exec tar -rvf /tmp/all-doc-files.tar "{}" \;
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```
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或者
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```
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find $HOME -name "*.doc" -exec tar -rvf /tmp/all-doc-files.tar "{}" +
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```
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这里,find 命令的选项:
|
||||
|
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* **-name "*.doc"** : 按照给定的模式/标准查找文件。在这里,在 $HOME 中查找所有 \*.doc 文件。
|
||||
* **-exec tar ...** : 对 find 命令找到的所有文件执行 tar 命令。
|
||||
|
||||
这里,tar 命令的选项:
|
||||
|
||||
* **-r** : 将文件追加到归档末尾。参数与 -c 选项具有相同的含义。
|
||||
* **-v** : 详细输出。
|
||||
* **-f** : out.tar : 将所有文件追加到 out.tar 中。
|
||||
|
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|
||||
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||||
也可以像下面这样将 find 命令的输出通过管道输入到 tar 命令中:
|
||||
```
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find $HOME -name "*.doc" -print0 | tar -cvf /tmp/file.tar --null -T -
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||||
```
|
||||
传递给 find 命令的 -print0 选项处理特殊的文件名。-null 和 -T 选项告诉 tar 命令从标准输入/管道读取输入。也可以使用 xargs 命令:
|
||||
```
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||||
find $HOME -type f -name "*.sh" | xargs tar cfvz /nfs/x230/my-shell-scripts.tgz
|
||||
```
|
||||
有关更多信息,请参阅下面的 man 页面:
|
||||
```
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$ man tar
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$ man find
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$ man xargs
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$ man bash
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||||
```
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||||
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||||
------------------------------
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||||
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||||
作者简介:
|
||||
|
||||
作者是 nixCraft 的创造者,是一名经验丰富的系统管理员,也是 Linux 操作系统/Unix shell 脚本培训师。他曾与全球客户以及 IT、教育、国防和太空研究以及非营利部门等多个行业合作。在 Twitter、Facebook 和 Google+ 上关注他。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-find-tar-files-into-tarball-command/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Vivek Gite][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz
|
||||
[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2017/12/How-to-find-and-tar-files-on-linux-unix.jpg
|
||||
[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/creating-a-tar-file-linux-command-line/
|
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