From 799360b25165dacce89df30cb2cdb1772e6bcea0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chang Liu Date: Sat, 23 Mar 2019 15:02:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] [Translated] 20190215 4 Methods To Change The HostName In Linux.md Signed-off-by: Chang Liu --- ...Methods To Change The HostName In Linux.md | 227 ------------------ ...Methods To Change The HostName In Linux.md | 225 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 225 insertions(+), 227 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20190215 4 Methods To Change The HostName In Linux.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20190215 4 Methods To Change The HostName In Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20190215 4 Methods To Change The HostName In Linux.md b/sources/tech/20190215 4 Methods To Change The HostName In Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index a4ef658851..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20190215 4 Methods To Change The HostName In Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,227 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (FSSlc) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (4 Methods To Change The HostName In Linux) -[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux/) -[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) - -4 Methods To Change The HostName In Linux -====== - -We had written an article yesterday in our website about **[changing hostname in Linux][1]**. - -Today we are going to show you that how to change the hostname using different methods. You can choose the best one for you. - -systemd systems comes with a handy tool called `hostnamectl` that allow us to manage the system hostname easily. - -It’s changing the hostname instantly and doesn’t required reboot when you use the native commands. - -But if you modify the hostname manually in any of the configuration file that requires reboot. - -In this article we will show you the four methods to change the hostname in systemd system. - -hostnamectl command allows to set three kind of hostname in Linux and the details are below. - - * **`Static:`** It’s static hostname which is added by the system admin. - * **`Transient/Dynamic:`** It’s assigned by DHCP or DNS server at run time. - * **`Pretty:`** It can be assigned by the system admin. It is a free-form of the hostname that represent the server in the pretty way like, “JBOSS UAT Server”. - - - -It can be done in the following four methods. - - * **`hostnamectl Command:`** hostnamectl command is controling the system hostname. - * **`nmcli Command:`** nmcli is a command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager. - * **`nmtui Command:`** nmtui is a text User Interface for controlling NetworkManager. - * **`/etc/hostname file:`** This file is containing the static system hostname. - - - -### Method-1: Change The HostName Using hostnamectl Command in Linux - -hostnamectl may be used to query and change the system hostname and related settings. - -Simple run the `hostnamectl` command to view the system hostname. - -``` -$ hostnamectl -or -$ hostnamectl status - - Static hostname: daygeek-Y700 - Icon name: computer-laptop - Chassis: laptop - Machine ID: 31bdeb7b83230a2025d43547368d75bc - Boot ID: 267f264c448f000ea5aed47263c6de7f - Operating System: Manjaro Linux - Kernel: Linux 4.19.20-1-MANJARO - Architecture: x86-64 -``` - -If you would like to change the hostname, use the following command format. - -**The general syntax:** - -``` -$ hostnamectl set-hostname [YOUR NEW HOSTNAME] -``` - -Use the following command to change the hostname using hostnamectl command. In this example, i’m going to change the hostname from `daygeek-Y700` to `magi-laptop`. - -``` -$ hostnamectl set-hostname magi-laptop -``` - -You can view the updated hostname by running the following command. - -``` -$ hostnamectl - Static hostname: magi-laptop - Icon name: computer-laptop - Chassis: laptop - Machine ID: 31bdeb7b83230a2025d43547368d75bc - Boot ID: 267f264c448f000ea5aed47263c6de7f - Operating System: Manjaro Linux - Kernel: Linux 4.19.20-1-MANJARO - Architecture: x86-64 -``` - -### Method-2: Change The HostName Using nmcli Command in Linux - -nmcli is a command-line tool for controlling NetworkManager and reporting network status. - -nmcli is used to create, display, edit, delete, activate, and deactivate network connections, as well as control and display network device status. Also, it allow us to change the hostname. - -Use the following format to view the current hostname using nmcli. - -``` -$ nmcli general hostname -daygeek-Y700 -``` - -**The general syntax:** - -``` -$ nmcli general hostname [YOUR NEW HOSTNAME] -``` - -Use the following command to change the hostname using nmcli command. In this example, i’m going to change the hostname from `daygeek-Y700` to `magi-laptop`. - -``` -$ nmcli general hostname magi-laptop -``` - -It’s taking effect without bouncing the below service. However, for safety purpose just restart the systemd-hostnamed service for the changes to take effect. - -``` -$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-hostnamed -``` - -Again run the same nmcli command to check the changed hostname. - -``` -$ nmcli general hostname -magi-laptop -``` - -### Method-3: Change The HostName Using nmtui Command in Linux - -nmtui is a curses‐based TUI application for interacting with NetworkManager. When starting nmtui, the user is prompted to choose the activity to perform unless it was specified as the first argument. - -Run the following command on terminal to launch the terminal user interface. - -``` -$ nmtui -``` - -Use the `Down Arrow Mark` to choose the `Set system hostname` option then hit the `Enter` button. -![][3] - -This is old hostname screenshot. -![][4] - -Just remove the olde one and update the new one then hit `OK` button. -![][5] - -It will show you the updated hostname in the screen and simple hit `OK` button to complete it. -![][6] - -Finally hit the `Quit` button to exit from the nmtui terminal. -![][7] - -It’s taking effect without bouncing the below service. However, for safety purpose just restart the systemd-hostnamed service for the changes to take effect. - -``` -$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-hostnamed -``` - -You can view the updated hostname by running the following command. - -``` -$ hostnamectl - Static hostname: daygeek-Y700 - Icon name: computer-laptop - Chassis: laptop - Machine ID: 31bdeb7b83230a2025d43547368d75bc - Boot ID: 267f264c448f000ea5aed47263c6de7f - Operating System: Manjaro Linux - Kernel: Linux 4.19.20-1-MANJARO - Architecture: x86-64 -``` - -### Method-4: Change The HostName Using /etc/hostname File in Linux - -Alternatively, we can change the hostname by modifying the `/etc/hostname` file. But this method -requires server reboot for changes to take effect. - -Check the current hostname using /etc/hostname file. - -``` -$ cat /etc/hostname -daygeek-Y700 -``` - -To change the hostname, simple overwrite the file because it’s contains only the hostname alone. - -``` -$ sudo echo "magi-daygeek" > /etc/hostname - -$ cat /etc/hostname -magi-daygeek -``` - -Reboot the system by running the following command. - -``` -$ sudo init 6 -``` - -Finally verify the updated hostname using /etc/hostname file. - -``` -$ cat /etc/hostname -magi-daygeek -``` - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.2daygeek.com/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux/ - -作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-change-set-hostname/ -[2]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 -[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux-1.png -[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux-2.png -[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux-3.png -[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux-4.png -[7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux-5.png diff --git a/translated/tech/20190215 4 Methods To Change The HostName In Linux.md b/translated/tech/20190215 4 Methods To Change The HostName In Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..05ba4ded28 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20190215 4 Methods To Change The HostName In Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (FSSlc) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (4 Methods To Change The HostName In Linux) +[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux/) +[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) + +Linux 中改变主机名的 4 种方法 +====== + +昨天我们已经在我们的网站中写过[如何在 Linux 中修改主机名的文章][1]。 + +今天，我们将向你展示使用不同的方法来修改主机名。你可以从中选取最适合你的方法。 + +使用 `systemd` 的系统自带一个名为 `hostnamectl` 的好用工具，它可以使我们能够轻易地管理系统的主机名。 + +当你使用这个原生命令时，它可以立刻改变主机名而无需重启来生效。 + +但假如你通过手动修改某个配置文件来更改主机名，那么就可能需要经过重启来生效。 + +在这篇文章中，我们将展示在使用 `systemd` 的系统中改变主机名的 4 种方法。 + +`hostnamectl` 命令允许在 Linux 中设置三类主机名，它们的细节如下： + + * **`静态：`** 这是静态主机名，由系统管理员添加。 + * **`瞬时/动态：`** 这个由 DHCP 或者 DNS 服务器在运行时赋予。 + * **`易读形式：`** 它可以由系统管理员赋予。这个是自由形式的主机名，以一种易读形式来表示服务器，例如 `JBOSS UAT Server` 这样的名字。 + +这些都可以使用下面 4 种方法来设置。 + + * **`hostnamectl 命令：`** `hostnamectl` 命令控制系统主机名。 + * **`nmcli 命令：`** `nmcli` 是一个控制 `NetworkManager` 的命令行工具。 + * **`nmtui 命令：`** `nmtui` 是一个控制 `NetworkManager` 的文本用户界面。 + * **`/etc/hostname 文件：`** 这个文件中包含系统的静态主机名。 + + +### 方法 1：在 Linux 中使用 `hostnamectl` 来改变主机名 + +`hostnamectl` 可被用来查询和改变系统的主机名，以及相关设定。 + +只需运行 `hostnamectl` 便可以查看系统的主机名了。 + +``` +$ hostnamectl +``` +或者使用下面的命令 +``` +$ hostnamectl status + + Static hostname: daygeek-Y700 + Icon name: computer-laptop + Chassis: laptop + Machine ID: 31bdeb7b83230a2025d43547368d75bc + Boot ID: 267f264c448f000ea5aed47263c6de7f + Operating System: Manjaro Linux + Kernel: Linux 4.19.20-1-MANJARO + Architecture: x86-64 +``` + +假如你想改变主机名，可以使用下面的命令格式： + +**一般的语法：** + +``` +$ hostnamectl set-hostname [YOUR NEW HOSTNAME] +``` + +使用下面的命令来使用 `hostnamectl` 更改主机名。在这个例子中，我将把主机名从 `daygeek-Y700` 改为 `magi-laptop`。 + +``` +$ hostnamectl set-hostname magi-laptop +``` + +你可以使用下面的命令来查看更新后的主机名。 + +``` +$ hostnamectl + Static hostname: magi-laptop + Icon name: computer-laptop + Chassis: laptop + Machine ID: 31bdeb7b83230a2025d43547368d75bc + Boot ID: 267f264c448f000ea5aed47263c6de7f + Operating System: Manjaro Linux + Kernel: Linux 4.19.20-1-MANJARO + Architecture: x86-64 +``` + +### 方法 2：在 Linux 中使用 `nmcli` 命令来更改主机名 + +`nmcli` 是一个命令行工具，旨在控制 `NetworkManager` 并报告网络状态。 + +`nmcli` 被用来创建、展示、编辑、删除、激活和注销网络连接，同时还可以用来控制和展示网络设备的状态。另外，它也允许我们更改主机名。 + +使用下面的命令来利用 `nmcli` 查看当前的主机名。 + +``` +$ nmcli general hostname +daygeek-Y700 +``` + +**一般语法：** + +``` +$ nmcli general hostname [YOUR NEW HOSTNAME] +``` + +使用下面的命令来借助 `nmcli` 命令可以更改主机名。在这个例子中，我将把主机名从 `daygeek-Y700` 变成 `magi-laptop`。 + +``` +$ nmcli general hostname magi-laptop +``` + +它可以在不重启下设备的情况下生效，但为了安全目的，只需要重启 `systemd-hostnamed` 服务来使得更改生效。 + +``` +$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-hostnamed +``` + +再次运行相同的 `nmcli` 命令来检查更改后的主机名。 + +``` +$ nmcli general hostname +magi-laptop +``` + +### 方法 3：在 Linux 中使用 `nmtui` 来更改主机名 + +`nmtui` 是一个基于 `curses` 库的 TUI 应用，被用来和 `NetworkManager` 交互。当启动 `nmtui` 后，它将提醒用户选择执行某项活动，除非指定了 `nmtui` 的第一个命令行参数。 + +在终端中运行下面的命令来开启文本用户界面。 + +``` +$ nmtui +``` + +使用带有 `向下箭头标记` 的按键来选择 `Set system hostname` 这个选项，然后敲击 `Enter` 键。 +![][3] + +下面的截图展示的是原来的主机名。 +![][4] + +我们需要做的就是删除原来的主机名，再输入新的主机名，然后选中 `OK` 敲击确认就可以了。 +![][5] + +然后它将在屏幕中向你展示更新后的主机名，再次选中 `OK` 敲击确认就完成更改了。 +![][6] + +最后，选中 `Quit` 按钮来从 `nmtui` 终端界面离开。 +![][7] + +它可以在不重启设备的情况下生效，但为了安全目的，需要重启 `systemd-hostnamed` 服务来使得更改生效。 + +``` +$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-hostnamed +``` + +你可以运行下面的命令来查看更新后的主机名。 + +``` +$ hostnamectl + Static hostname: daygeek-Y700 + Icon name: computer-laptop + Chassis: laptop + Machine ID: 31bdeb7b83230a2025d43547368d75bc + Boot ID: 267f264c448f000ea5aed47263c6de7f + Operating System: Manjaro Linux + Kernel: Linux 4.19.20-1-MANJARO + Architecture: x86-64 +``` + +### 方法 4：在 Linux 中使用 `/etc/hostname` 来更改主机名 + +除了上面的方法外，我们还可以通过修改 `/etc/hostname` 文件来达到修改主机名的目的。但这个方法需要服务器重启才能生效。 + +使用下面的命令来检查 `/etc/hostname` 文件以查看当前的主机名： + +``` +$ cat /etc/hostname +daygeek-Y700 +``` + +要改变主机名，只需覆写这个文件就行了，因为这个文件只包含主机名这一项内容。 + +``` +$ sudo echo "magi-daygeek" > /etc/hostname + +$ cat /etc/hostname +magi-daygeek +``` + +然后使用下面的命令重启系统： + +``` +$ sudo init 6 +``` + +最后查看 `/etc/hostname` 文件的内容来验证主机名是否被更改了。 + +``` +$ cat /etc/hostname +magi-daygeek +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux/ + +作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-change-set-hostname/ +[2]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 +[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux-1.png +[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux-2.png +[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux-3.png +[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux-4.png +[7]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/four-methods-to-change-the-hostname-in-linux-5.png