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[Translated]20100105 How to Backup and Restore Your Apps and PPAs in Ubuntu Using Aptik.md
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How to Backup and Restore Your Apps and PPAs in Ubuntu Using Aptik
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If you need to reinstall Ubuntu or if you just want to install a new version from scratch, wouldn’t it be useful to have an easy way to reinstall all your apps and settings? You can easily accomplish this using a free tool called Aptik.
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Aptik (Automated Package Backup and Restore), an application available in Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and other Debian- and Ubuntu-based Linux distributions, allows you to backup a list of installed PPAs (Personal Package Archives), which are software repositories, downloaded packages, installed applications and themes, and application settings to an external USB drive, network drive, or a cloud service like Dropbox.
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NOTE: When we say to type something in this article and there are quotes around the text, DO NOT type the quotes, unless we specify otherwise.
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To install Aptik, you must add the PPA. To do so, press Ctrl + Alt + T to open a Terminal window. Type the following text at the prompt and press Enter.
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sudo apt-add-repository –y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
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Type your password when prompted and press Enter.
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Type the following text at the prompt to make sure the repository is up-to-date.
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sudo apt-get update
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When the update is finished, you are ready to install Aptik. Type the following text at the prompt and press Enter.
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sudo apt-get install aptik
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NOTE: You may see some errors about packages that the update failed to fetch. If they are similar to the ones listed on the following image, you should have no problem installing Aptik.
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The progress of the installation displays and then a message displays saying how much disk space will be used. When asked if you want to continue, type a “y” and press Enter.
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When the installation if finished, close the Terminal window by typing “Exit” and pressing Enter, or by clicking the “X” button in the upper-left corner of the window.
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Before running Aptik, you should set up a backup directory on a USB flash drive, a network drive, or on a cloud account, such as Dropbox or Google Drive. For this example, will will use Dropbox.
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Once your backup directory is set up, click the “Search” button at the top of the Unity Launcher bar.
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Type “aptik” in the search box. Results of the search display as you type. When the icon for Aptik displays, click on it to open the application.
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A dialog box displays asking for your password. Enter your password in the edit box and click “OK.”
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The main Aptik window displays. Select “Other…” from the “Backup Directory” drop-down list. This allows you to select the backup directory you created.
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NOTE: The “Open” button to the right of the drop-down list opens the selected directory in a Files Manager window.
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On the “Backup Directory” dialog box, navigate to your backup directory and then click “Open.”
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NOTE: If you haven’t created a backup directory yet, or you want to add a subdirectory in the selected directory, use the “Create Folder” button to create a new directory.
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To backup the list of installed PPAs, click “Backup” to the right of “Software Sources (PPAs).”
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The “Backup Software Sources” dialog box displays. The list of installed packages and the associated PPA for each displays. Select the PPAs you want to backup, or use the “Select All” button to select all the PPAs in the list.
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Click “Backup” to begin the backup process.
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A dialog box displays when the backup is finished telling you the backup was created successfully. Click “OK” to close the dialog box.
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A file named “ppa.list” will be created in the backup directory.
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The next item, “Downloaded Packages (APT Cache)”, is only useful if you are re-installing the same version of Ubuntu. It backs up the packages in your system cache (/var/cache/apt/archives). If you are upgrading your system, you can skip this step because the packages for the new version of the system will be newer than the packages in the system cache.
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Backing up downloaded packages and then restoring them on the re-installed Ubuntu system will save time and Internet bandwidth when the packages are reinstalled. Because the packages will be available in the system cache once you restore them, the download will be skipped and the installation of the packages will complete more quickly.
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If you are reinstalling the same version of your Ubuntu system, click the “Backup” button to the right of “Downloaded Packages (APT Cache)” to backup the packages in the system cache.
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NOTE: When you backup the downloaded packages, there is no secondary dialog box. The packages in your system cache (/var/cache/apt/archives) are copied to an “archives” directory in the backup directory and a dialog box displays when the backup is finished, indicating that the packages were copied successfully.
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There are some packages that are part of your Ubuntu distribution. These are not checked, since they are automatically installed when you install the Ubuntu system. For example, Firefox is a package that is installed by default in Ubuntu and other similar Linux distributions. Therefore, it will not be selected by default.
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Packages that you installed after installing the system, such as the [package for the Chrome web browser][1] or the package containing Aptik (yes, Aptik is automatically selected to back up), are selected by default. This allows you to easily back up the packages that are not included in the system when installed.
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Select the packages you want to back up and de-select the packages you don’t want to backup. Click “Backup” to the right of “Software Selections” to back up the selected top-level packages.
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NOTE: Dependency packages are not included in this backup.
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Two files, named “packages.list” and “packages-installed.list”, are created in the backup directory and a dialog box displays indicating that the backup was created successfully. Click “OK” to close the dialog box.
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NOTE: The “packages-installed.list” file lists all the packages. The “packages.list” file also lists all the packages, but indicates which ones were selected.
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To backup settings for installed applications, click the “Backup” button to the right of “Application Settings” on the main Aptik window. Select the settings you want to back up and click “Backup”.
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NOTE: Click the “Select All” button if you want to back up all application settings.
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The selected settings files are zipped into a file called “app-settings.tar.gz”.
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When the zipping is complete, the zipped file is copied to the backup directory and a dialog box displays telling you that the backups were created successfully. Click “OK” to close the dialog box.
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Themes from the “/usr/share/themes” directory and icons from the “/usr/share/icons” directory can also be backed up. To do so, click the “Backup” button to the right of “Themes and Icons”. The “Backup Themes” dialog box displays with all the themes and icons selected by default. De-select any themes or icons you don’t want to back up and click “Backup.”
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The themes are zipped and copied to a “themes” directory in the backup directory and the icons are zipped and copied to an “icons” directory in the backup directory. A dialog box displays telling you that the backups were created successfully. Click “OK” to close the dialog box.
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Once you’ve completed the desired backups, close Aptik by clicking the “X” button in the upper-left corner of the main window.
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Your backup files are available in the backup directory you chose.
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When you re-install your Ubuntu system or install a new version of Ubuntu, install Aptik on the newly installed system and make the backup files you generated available to the system. Run Aptik and use the “Restore” button for each item to restore your PPAs, applications, packages, settings, themes, and icons.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.howtogeek.com/206454/how-to-backup-and-restore-your-apps-and-ppas-in-ubuntu-using-aptik/
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作者：Lori Kaufman
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/203768
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如何使用Aptik来备份和恢复Ubuntu中的Apps和PPAs
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当你想重装Ubuntu或者仅仅是想安装它的一个新版本的时候，寻到一个便捷的方法去重新安装之前的应用并且重置其设置是很有用的。此时 *Aptik* 粉墨登场，它可以帮助你轻松实现。
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Aptik（自动包备份和回复）是一个可以用在Ubuntu，Linux Mint, 和其他基于Debian以及Ubuntu的Linux发行版上的应用，它允许你将已经安装过的包括软件库、下载包、安装的应用及其主题和设置在内的PPAs(个人软件包存档)备份到外部的U盘、网络存储或者类似于Dropbox的云服务上。
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注意：当我们在此文章中说到输入某些东西的时候，如果被输入的内容被引号包裹，请不要将引号一起输入进去，除非我们有特殊说明。
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想要安装Aptik，需要先添加其PPA。使用Ctrl + Alt + T快捷键打开一个新的终端窗口。输入以下文字，并按回车执行。
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sudo apt-add-repository –y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
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当提示输入密码的时候，输入你的密码然后按回车。
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输入下边的命令到提示符旁边，来确保资源库已经是最新版本。
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sudo apt-get update
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更新完毕后，你就完成了安装Aptik的准备工作。接下来输入以下命令并按回车：
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sudo apt-get install aptik
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注意：你可能会看到一些有关于获取不到包更新的错误提示。不过别担心，如果这些提示看起来跟下边图片中类似的话，你的Aptik的安装就没有任何问题。
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安装过程会被显示出来。其中一个被显示出来的消息会提到此次安装会使用掉多少磁盘空间，然后提示你是否要继续，按下“y”再按回车，继续安装。
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当安装完成后，输入“Exit”并按回车或者按下左上角的“X”按钮，关闭终端窗口。
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在正式运行Aptik前，你需要设置好备份目录到一个U盘、网络驱动器或者类似于Dropbox和Google Drive的云帐号上。这儿的例子中，我们使用的是Dropbox。
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一旦设置好备份目录，点击启动栏上方的“Search”按钮。
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在搜索框中键入 “aptik”。结果会随着你的输入显示出来。当Aptik图标显示出来的时候，点击它打开应用。
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此时一个对话框会显示出来要求你输入密码。输入你的密码并按“OK”按钮。
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Aptik的主窗口显示出来了。从“Backup Directory”下拉列表中选择“Other…”。这个操作允许你选择你已经建立好的备份目录。
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注意：在下拉列表的右侧的 “Open” 按钮会在一个文件管理窗口中打开选择目录功能。
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在 “Backup Directory” 对话窗口中，定位到你的备份目录，然后按“Open”。
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注意：如果此时你尚未建立备份目录或者想在备份目录中新建个子目录，你可以点“Create Folder”来新建目录。
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点击“Software Sources (PPAs).”右侧的 “Backup”来备份已安装的PPAs。
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然后“Backup Software Sources”对话窗口显示出来。已安装的包和对应的源（PPA）同时也显示出来了。选择你需要备份的源（PPAs），或者点“Select All”按钮选择所有源。
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点击 “Backup” 开始备份。
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备份完成后，一个提示你备份完成的对话窗口会蹦出来。点击 “OK” 关掉。
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一个名为“ppa.list”的文件出现在了备份目录中。
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接下来，“Downloaded Packages (APT Cache)”的项目只对重装同样版本的Ubuntu有用处。它会备份下你系统缓存(/var/cache/apt/archives)中的包。如果你是升级系统的话，可以跳过这个条目，因为针对新系统的包会比现有系统缓存中的包更加新一些。
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备份和回复下载过的包，这可以在重装Ubuntu，并且重装包的时候节省时间和网络带宽。因为一旦你把这些包恢复到系统缓存中之后，他们可以重新被利用起来，这样下载过程就免了，包的安装会更加快捷。
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如果你是重装相同版本的Ubuntu系统的话，点击 “Downloaded Packages (APT Cache)” 右侧的 “Backup” 按钮来备份系统缓存中的包。
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注意：当你备份下载过的包的时候是没有二级对话框出现。你系统缓存 (/var/cache/apt/archives) 中的包会被拷贝到备份目录下一个名叫 “archives” 的文件夹中，当整个过程完成后会出现一个对话框来告诉你备份已经完成。
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有一些包是你的Ubuntu发行版的一部分。因为安装Ubuntu系统的时候会自动安装它们，所以它们是不会被备份下来的。例如，火狐浏览器在Ubuntu和其他类似Linux发行版上都是默认被安装的，所以默认情况下，它不会被选择备份。
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像[package for the Chrome web browser][1]这种系统安装完后才安装的包或者包含 Aptik 的包会默认被选择上。这可以方便你备份这些后安装的包。
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按照需要选择想要备份的包。点击 “Software Selections” 右侧的 “Backup” 按钮备份顶层包。
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注意：依赖包不会出现在这个备份中。
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名为 “packages.list” and “packages-installed.list” 的两个文件出现在了备份目录中，并且一个用来通知你备份完成的对话框出现。点击 ”OK“关闭它。
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注意：“packages-installed.list”文件包含了所有的包，而 “packages.list” 在包含了所有包的前提下还指出了那些包被选择上了。
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要备份已安装软件的设置的话，点击 Aptik 主界面 “Application Settings” 右侧的 “Backup” 按钮，选择你要备份的设置，点击“Backup”。
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注意：如果你要选择所有设置，点击“Select All”按钮。
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被选择的配置文件统一被打包到一个名叫 “app-settings.tar.gz” 的文件中。
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当打包完成后，打包后的文件被拷贝到备份目录下，另外一个备份成功的对话框出现。点击”OK“，关掉。
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来自 “/usr/share/themes” 目录的主题和来自 “/usr/share/icons” 目录的图标也可以备份。点击 “Themes and Icons” 右侧的 “Backup” 来进行此操作。“Backup Themes” 对话框默认选择了所有的主题和图标。你可以安装需要取消到一些然后点击 “Backup” 进行备份。
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主题被打包拷贝到备份目录下的 “themes” 文件夹中，图标被打包拷贝到备份目录下的 “icons” 文件夹中。然后成功提示对话框出现，点击”OK“关闭它。
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一旦你完成了需要的备份，点击主界面左上角的”X“关闭 Aptik 。
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备份过的文件已存在于你选择的备份目录中，可以随时取阅。
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当你重装Ubuntu或者安装新版本的Ubuntu后，在新的系统中安装 Aptik 并且将备份好的文件置于新系统中让其可被使用。运行 Aptik，并使用每个条目的 “Restore” 按钮来恢复你的软件源、应用、包、设置、主题以及图标。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.howtogeek.com/206454/how-to-backup-and-restore-your-apps-and-ppas-in-ubuntu-using-aptik/
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作者：Lori Kaufman
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译者：[Ping](https://github.com/mr-ping)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.howtogeek.com/203768
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