diff --git a/translated/tech/20171207 How to use KVM cloud images on Ubuntu Linux.md b/translated/tech/20171207 How to use KVM cloud images on Ubuntu Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f96a1d1125 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20171207 How to use KVM cloud images on Ubuntu Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ +如何在 Ubuntu Linux 上使用 KVM 云镜像 +===== + +基于内核的虚拟机(KVM)时 Linux 内核的虚拟化模块,可将其转变为虚拟机管理程序。你可以使用 Ubuntu 虚拟化前端为 libvirt 和 KVM 在命令行中使用 KVM 创建 Ubuntu 云镜像。 + +如何下载并使用运行在 Ubuntu Linux 服务器上的 KVM 云镜像?如何在 Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS 服务器上无需完整安装即可创建虚拟机?基于内核的虚拟机(KVM)时 Linux 内核的虚拟化模块,可将其转变为虚拟机管理程序。你可以使用 Ubuntu 虚拟化前端为 libvirt 和 KVM 在命令行中使用 KVM 创建 Ubuntu 云镜像。 + +这个快速教程展示了如何安装和使用 uvtool,它为 Ubuntu 云镜像下载,libvirt 和 clout_int 提供了统一的集成虚拟机前端。 + +### 步骤 1 - 安装 KVM + +你必须安装并配置 KVM。使用 [apt 命令][1]/[apt-get 命令][2],如下所示: +``` +$ sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin virtinst bridge-utils cpu-checker +$ kvm-ok +## [configure bridged networking as described here][3] +$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces +$ sudo systemctl restart networking +$ sudo brctl show +``` + +参阅[如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Headless 服务器上安装 KVM][4] 以获得更多信息。(译注:Headless 服务器是指没有本地接口的计算设备,专用于向其他计算机及其用户提供服务。) + +### 步骤 2 - 安装 uvtool + +键入以下 [apt 命令][1]/[apt-get 命令][2]: +``` +$ sudo apt install uvtool +``` + +示例输出: +``` +[sudo] password for vivek: +Reading package lists... Done +Building dependency tree +Reading state information... Done +The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: + gksu libgksu2-0 libqt5designer5 libqt5help5 libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5xml5 python3-dbus.mainloop.pyqt5 python3-notify2 python3-pyqt5 python3-sip +Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. +The following additional packages will be installed: + cloud-image-utils distro-info python-boto python-pyinotify python-simplestreams socat ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring uvtool-libvirt +Suggested packages: + cloud-utils-euca shunit2 python-pyinotify-doc +The following NEW packages will be installed: + cloud-image-utils distro-info python-boto python-pyinotify python-simplestreams socat ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring uvtool uvtool-libvirt +0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. +Need to get 1,211 kB of archives. +After this operation, 6,876 kB of additional disk space will be used. +Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 distro-info amd64 0.17 [20.3 kB] +Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 python-boto all 2.44.0-1ubuntu2 [740 kB] +Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 python-pyinotify all 0.9.6-1 [24.6 kB] +Get:4 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring all 2013.11.11 [4,504 B] +Get:5 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/main amd64 cloud-image-utils all 0.30-0ubuntu2 [17.2 kB] +Get:6 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 python-simplestreams all 0.1.0~bzr450-0ubuntu1 [29.7 kB] +Get:7 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 socat amd64 1.7.3.2-1 [342 kB] +Get:8 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 uvtool all 0~git122-0ubuntu1 [6,498 B] +Get:9 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 uvtool-libvirt all 0~git122-0ubuntu1 [26.9 kB] +Fetched 1,211 kB in 3s (393 kB/s) +Selecting previously unselected package distro-info. +(Reading database ... 199933 files and directories currently installed.) +Preparing to unpack .../0-distro-info_0.17_amd64.deb ... +Unpacking distro-info (0.17) ... +Selecting previously unselected package python-boto. +Preparing to unpack .../1-python-boto_2.44.0-1ubuntu2_all.deb ... +Unpacking python-boto (2.44.0-1ubuntu2) ... +Selecting previously unselected package python-pyinotify. +Preparing to unpack .../2-python-pyinotify_0.9.6-1_all.deb ... +Unpacking python-pyinotify (0.9.6-1) ... +Selecting previously unselected package ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring. +Preparing to unpack .../3-ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring_2013.11.11_all.deb ... +Unpacking ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring (2013.11.11) ... +Selecting previously unselected package cloud-image-utils. +Preparing to unpack .../4-cloud-image-utils_0.30-0ubuntu2_all.deb ... +Unpacking cloud-image-utils (0.30-0ubuntu2) ... +Selecting previously unselected package python-simplestreams. +Preparing to unpack .../5-python-simplestreams_0.1.0~bzr450-0ubuntu1_all.deb ... +Unpacking python-simplestreams (0.1.0~bzr450-0ubuntu1) ... +Selecting previously unselected package socat. +Preparing to unpack .../6-socat_1.7.3.2-1_amd64.deb ... +Unpacking socat (1.7.3.2-1) ... +Selecting previously unselected package uvtool. +Preparing to unpack .../7-uvtool_0~git122-0ubuntu1_all.deb ... +Unpacking uvtool (0~git122-0ubuntu1) ... +Selecting previously unselected package uvtool-libvirt. +Preparing to unpack .../8-uvtool-libvirt_0~git122-0ubuntu1_all.deb ... +Unpacking uvtool-libvirt (0~git122-0ubuntu1) ... +Setting up distro-info (0.17) ... +Setting up ubuntu-cloudimage-keyring (2013.11.11) ... +Setting up cloud-image-utils (0.30-0ubuntu2) ... +Setting up socat (1.7.3.2-1) ... +Setting up python-pyinotify (0.9.6-1) ... +Setting up python-boto (2.44.0-1ubuntu2) ... +Setting up python-simplestreams (0.1.0~bzr450-0ubuntu1) ... +Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.7) ... +Processing 1 added doc-base file... +Setting up uvtool (0~git122-0ubuntu1) ... +Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.6.1-2) ... +Setting up uvtool-libvirt (0~git122-0ubuntu1) ... +``` + +### 步骤 3 - 下载 Ubuntu 云镜像 + +你需要使用 uvt-simplestreams-libvirt 命令。它维护一个 libvirt 容量存储池,作为一个简单流源的图像子集的本地镜像,比如 Ubuntu 云镜像。要使用当前所有 amd64 镜像更新 uvtool 的 libvirt 容量存储此,运行: +`$ uvt-simplestreams-libvirt sync arch=amd64` +要更新/获取 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (xenial/amd64) 镜像,运行: +`$ uvt-simplestreams-libvirt --verbose sync release=xenial arch=amd64` + +示例输出: +``` +Adding: com.ubuntu.cloud:server:16.04:amd64 20171121.1 +``` + +通过 query 选项查询本地镜像: +`$ uvt-simplestreams-libvirt query` +示例输出: +``` +release=xenial arch=amd64 label=release (20171121.1) +``` + +现在,我为 Ubuntu xenial 创建了一个镜像,接下来我会创建虚拟机。 + +### 步骤 4 - 创建 SSH 密钥 + +你需要使用 SSH 密钥才能登录到 KVM 虚拟机。如果你根本没有任何密钥,请使用 ssh-keygen 命令创建一个新的密钥。 +`$ ssh-keygen` +参阅“[如何在 Linux / Unix 系统上设置 SSH 密钥][5]” 和 “[Linux / UNIX: 生成 SSH 密钥][6]” 以获取更多信息。 + +### 步骤 5 - 创建 VM + +是时候创建虚拟机了,它叫 vm1,即创建一个 Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS 虚拟机: +`$ uvt-kvm create vm1` + +默认情况下 vm1 使用以下配置创建: + + 1. RAM/memory : 512M + 2. Disk size: 8GiB + 3. CPU: 1 vCPU core + +要控制 ram,disk,cpu 和其他配置,使用以下语法: +``` +$ uvt-kvm create vm1 \ +--memory MEMORY \ +--cpu CPU \ +--disk DISK \ +--bridge BRIDGE \ +--ssh-public-key-file /path/to/your/SSH_PUBLIC_KEY_FILE \ +--packages PACKAGES1, PACKAGES2, .. \ +--run-script-once RUN_SCRIPT_ONCE \ +--password PASSWORD +``` + +其中 + + 1. **\--password PASSWORD** : 设置 ubuntu 用户的密码和允许使用 ubuntu 的用户登录(不推荐使用 ssh 密钥)。 + 2. **\--run-script-once RUN_SCRIPT_ONCE** : 第一次启动时,在虚拟机上以 root 身份运行 RUN_SCRIPT_ONCE 脚本,但再也不会运行。这里给出完整的路径。这对于在虚拟机上运行自定义任务时非常有用,例如设置安全性或其他内容。 + 3. **\--packages PACKAGES1, PACKAGES2, ..** : 在第一次启动时安装逗号分隔的软件包。 + +要获取帮助,运行: +``` +$ uvt-kvm -h +$ uvt-kvm create -h +``` + +#### 如何删除虚拟机? + +要销毁/删除名为 vm1 的虚拟机,运行(请小心使用以下命令,因为没有确认框): +`$ uvt-kvm destroy vm1` + +#### 获取 vm1 的 IP 地址,运行: + +`$ uvt-kvm ip vm1` +192.168.122.52 + +#### 列出所有运行的虚拟机 + +`$ uvt-kvm list` +示例输出: +``` +vm1 +freebsd11.1 +``` + +### 步骤 6 - 如何登录 vm1 + +语法是: +`$ uvt-kvm ssh vm1` +示例输出: +``` +Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-101-generic x86_64) + + * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com + * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com + * Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage + + Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest: + http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud + +0 packages can be updated. +0 updates are security updates. + + +Last login: Thu Dec 7 09:55:06 2017 from 192.168.122.1 + +``` + +另一个选择是从 macOS/Linux/Unix/Windows 客户端使用常规的 ssh 命令: +``` +$ ssh ubuntu@192.168.122.52 +$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa ubuntu@192.168.122.52 +``` +(上面的是根据原文修改的) +示例输出: +[![Connect to the running VM using ssh][8]][8] + +一旦创建了 vim,你可以照常使用 virsh 命令: +`$ virsh list` + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-use-kvm-cloud-images-on-ubuntu-linux/ + +作者:[Vivek Gite][a] +译者:[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven) +校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz +[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-lts-debian-linux-apt-command-examples/ (See Linux/Unix apt command examples for more info) +[2]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html (See Linux/Unix apt-get command examples for more info) +[3]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-create-bridge-interface-ubuntu-linux/ +[4]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/installing-kvm-on-ubuntu-16-04-lts-server/ +[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-set-up-ssh-keys-on-linux-unix/ +[6]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-generating-ssh-keys/ +[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection +[8]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2017/12/connect-to-the-running-VM-using-ssh.jpg