mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
translated
This commit is contained in:
geekpi
parent
dd8421e5a1
commit
4770a0ac4e
@ -1,260 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to Install Docker on Ubuntu"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/install-docker-ubuntu/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972/lctt-scripts-1700446145"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
How to Install Docker on Ubuntu
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Using Docker means opening a new realm of computing but if you are just getting started with Docker, the installation may seem a huge task.
|
||||
|
||||
There are two recommended ways of installing Docker on Ubuntu:
|
||||
|
||||
* **Installing Docker from Ubuntu's repository** : Easy, single line command but gives a little old version
|
||||
* **Using Docker's official repository:** Slightly more work but gives the most recent stable release
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
And I will be discussing both of them in this tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method 1: Install Docker using Ubuntu's repository
|
||||
|
||||
If you don't care about having a little older version and don't want to get into setting and managing repositories, then this is the best method for you.
|
||||
|
||||
Start with updating the repository index:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt update
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Now, you can use the following command to install Docker as well as [Docker Compose][1] in Ubuntu:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt install docker.io docker-compose
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
📋
|
||||
|
||||
The Docker package is named docker.io because there existed a transitional package named docker (for docklet applications) even before Docker came into existence. For this reason, the Docker package had to be named something else.
|
||||
|
||||
Once you are done with the installation, you can check the installed version using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
docker -v
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see, it gave me Docker version 24.0.5.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method 2: Install the latest stable version of Docker in Ubuntu
|
||||
|
||||
If you want the most recent stable version of Docker, then you can install Docker from their official repository.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 1: Remove any existing Docker packages
|
||||
|
||||
But before you jump to the installation part, it is necessary to remove any old installation of Docker.
|
||||
|
||||
To [uninstall the old Docker installation][3], use the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt remove docker.io docker-doc docker-compose docker-compose-v2 podman-docker containerd runc
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 2: Install dependencies
|
||||
|
||||
The first step is to install some essential packages which will be used to install Docker later in this tutorial:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt install ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You may already have some or all of these packages installed but no harm in ensuring that. The above command won't harm you.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 3: Add GPG key of Docker repository and add it to sources.list
|
||||
|
||||
Now, create a directory with special permissions suitable for storing cryptographic keyrings by the apt package manager for package verification:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Next, [use the curl command][4] as shown below to download and import GPG keyring for Docker:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
After downloading the GPG keyring, [change the file permissions using the chmod command][5] so every user on the system can read the GPG keyring:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, add the Docker repository to the `sources.list.d` file:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
echo \
|
||||
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
|
||||
$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
|
||||
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
That's it!
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 4: Installing Docker and Docker Compose
|
||||
|
||||
Now, to take effect from the changes you've made to the system, update the system repository:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt update
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Grab the latest version of Docker along with other Docker components and dependencies using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
📋
|
||||
|
||||
While the docker.io package installs most of the necessary Docker components, you'll need to do it individually here.
|
||||
|
||||
To check the installed version, use the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
docker -v
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Another great way to test the installation is to use the Hello World image in Docker.
|
||||
|
||||
Lemme show you how to do it.
|
||||
|
||||
### Use a hello-world image to verify the Docker installation
|
||||
|
||||
Running a Hello World program is a standard practice that we all follow to kick-start any programming journey and the same goes for Docker.
|
||||
|
||||
Docker provides you with a Hello World image that you can use to test the installation.
|
||||
|
||||
To install and run the Hello World image, simply use the following:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo docker run hello-world
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Some users may get an error while executing the above command saying "Cannot connect to the Docker daemon":
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
In that case, **reboot your system** and try again to install the Docker Hello World image and it'll work just fine.
|
||||
|
||||
### 💡Bonus Tip: Use docker without sudo in Ubuntu
|
||||
|
||||
If you noticed, I used sudo to pull the docker image which is not the most convenient way to use the Docker.
|
||||
|
||||
If you try to use Docker without sudo, it will give you an error:
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
Well, in this section, I will show you how you can use Docker without sudo.
|
||||
|
||||
📋
|
||||
|
||||
To perform the shown steps, superuser privileges are a must!
|
||||
|
||||
The first step is to [create a new group][10] named `Docker` using the following:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo groupadd docker
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once done, add the user to the Docker group using the following:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
sudo usermod -aG docker <username>
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
🚧
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure you only mention the user who has super-user privileges.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, log out and log back in to take effect from the changes. But if you are using a VM then reboot is a must.
|
||||
|
||||
That's it! From now on, you can use the docker commands without sudo like I did to run the Docker Hello World image:
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
There you go.
|
||||
|
||||
### Here's what to do after installing Docker
|
||||
|
||||
If you are just getting started, then refer to the [list of essential Docker commands][12] that every user must know:
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
I hope you will find this helpful.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/install-docker-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://linuxhandbook.com/docker-compose-quick-start/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Check-the-installed-version-of-docker-in-Ubuntu.png
|
||||
[3]: https://learnubuntu.com/uninstall-docker/
|
||||
[4]: https://learnubuntu.com/install-curl/
|
||||
[5]: https://learnubuntu.com/chmod-command/
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Install-the-latest-version-of-Docker-in-Ubuntu-using-Docker-s-official-repository.png
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Run-hello-world-docker-image-in-Ubuntu.png
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Docker-error.png
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Docker-sudo-error-in-Ubuntu.png
|
||||
[10]: https://learnubuntu.com/add-group/
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Use-docker-without-sudo-in-Ubuntu.png
|
||||
[12]: https://linuxhandbook.com/essential-docker-commands/
|
||||
[13]: https://linuxhandbook.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2021/08/Linux-Handbook-New-Logo.png
|
||||
260
translated/tech/20231204 How to Install Docker on Ubuntu.md
Normal file
260
translated/tech/20231204 How to Install Docker on Ubuntu.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "How to Install Docker on Ubuntu"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/install-docker-ubuntu/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972/lctt-scripts-1700446145"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
如何在 Ubuntu 上安装 Docker
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Docker 意味着开启一个新的计算领域，但如果你刚刚开始使用 Docker，安装可能看起来是一项艰巨的任务。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 上安装 Docker 有两种推荐的方法：
|
||||
|
||||
* **从 Ubuntu 的仓库安装 Docker** ：简单的单行命令，但提供旧版本
|
||||
* **使用 Docker 的官方仓库**：工作量稍多，但提供了最新的稳定版本
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我将在本教程中讨论它们。
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 1：使用 Ubuntu 的仓库安装 Docker
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不关心旧版本，并且不想设置和管理仓库，那么这是最适合你的方法。
|
||||
|
||||
从更新仓库索引开始：
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt update
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
现在，你可以使用以下命令在 Ubuntu 中安装 Docker 以及 [Docker Compose][1]：
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt install docker.io docker-compose
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
📋
|
||||
|
||||
Docker 包被命名为 docker.io，因为甚至在 Docker 出现之前就已经存在一个名为 docker（用于 Dockerlet 应用）的过渡包。因此，Docker 包必须被命名为其他名称。
|
||||
|
||||
安装完成后，你可以使用以下命令检查安装的版本：
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
docker -v
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
如你所见，它给了我 Docker 24.0.5。
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 2：在 Ubuntu 中安装最新稳定版本的 Docker
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要 Docker 的最新稳定版本，那么你可以从其官方仓库安装 Docker。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 1：删除任何现有的 Docker 包
|
||||
|
||||
但在跳到安装部分之前，有必要删除所有以前安装的 Docker。
|
||||
|
||||
要[卸载以前的 Docker][3]，请使用以下命令。
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt remove docker.io docker-doc docker-compose docker-compose-v2 podman-docker containerd runc
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 2：安装依赖项
|
||||
|
||||
第一步是安装一些必要的软件包，这些软件包将用于在本教程后面安装 Docker：
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt install ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
你可能已经安装了部分或全部这些软件包，但确认安装没有什么坏处。上面的命令不会伤害你。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 3：添加 Docker 仓库的 GPG 密钥并将其添加到 sources.list
|
||||
|
||||
现在，通过 apt 包管理器创建一个具有特殊权限的目录，用于存储加密密钥以进行包验证：
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，如下所示[使用 curl 命令][4]下载并导入 Docker 的 GPG 密钥环：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下载 GPG 密钥后，[使用 chmod 命令更改文件权限][5]，以便系统上的每个用户都可以读取 GPG 密钥：
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
最后，将 Docker 仓库添加到 `sources.list.d` 文件中：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
echo \
|
||||
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
|
||||
$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
|
||||
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
就是这样！
|
||||
|
||||
#### 步骤 4：安装 Docker 和 Docker Compose
|
||||
|
||||
现在，要使你对系统所做的更改生效，请更新系统仓库：
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt update
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
使用以下命令获取最新版本的 Docker 以及其他 Docker 组件和依赖项：
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
📋
|
||||
|
||||
虽然 docker.io 包安装了大部分必需的 Docker 组件，但你需要在此处单独进行安装。
|
||||
|
||||
要检查已安装的版本，请使用以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
docker -v
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
测试安装的另一个方法是在 Docker 中使用 Hello World 镜像。
|
||||
|
||||
让我告诉你如何做。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 hello-world 镜像来验证 Docker 安装
|
||||
|
||||
运行 Hello World 程序是我们启动任何编程之旅时都遵循的标准做法，Docker 也是如此。
|
||||
|
||||
Docker 为你提供了一个 Hello World 镜像，你可以使用它来测试安装。
|
||||
|
||||
要安装并运行 Hello World 映像，只需使用以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
sudo docker run hello-world
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
某些用户在执行上述命令时可能会收到错误消息“无法连接到 Docker 守护进程”：
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
在这种情况下，**重新启动系统**并再次尝试安装 Docker Hello World 镜像，它将正常工作。
|
||||
|
||||
### 💡额外提示：在 Ubuntu 中使用 docker 而无需 sudo
|
||||
|
||||
如果你注意到了，我使用 sudo 来拉取 docker 镜像，这并不是使用 Docker 最方便的方式。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你尝试在不使用 sudo 的情况下使用 Docker，则会出现错误：
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
好吧，在本节中，我将向你展示如何在没有 sudo 的情况下使用 Docker。
|
||||
|
||||
📋
|
||||
|
||||
要执行所示步骤，必须具有超级用户权限！
|
||||
|
||||
第一步是使用以下命令[创建一个名为 `Docker` 的新组][10]：
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
sudo groupadd docker
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
完成后，使用以下命令将用户添加到 Docker 组：
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
sudo usermod -aG docker <用户名>
|
||||
|
||||
````
|
||||
|
||||
🚧
|
||||
|
||||
确保你只添加具有超级用户权限的用户。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，注销并重新登录以使更改生效。但如果你使用的是虚拟机，那么必须重新启动。
|
||||
|
||||
就是这样！从现在开始，你可以使用 docker 命令而不需要 sudo，就像我运行 Docker Hello World 镜像一样：
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
就这样吧。
|
||||
|
||||
### 这是安装 Docker 后要做的事情
|
||||
|
||||
如果你刚刚开始，请参阅每个用户都必须了解的[基本 Docker 命令列表][12]：
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
我希望你觉得会有帮助。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/install-docker-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://linuxhandbook.com/docker-compose-quick-start/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Check-the-installed-version-of-docker-in-Ubuntu.png
|
||||
[3]: https://learnubuntu.com/uninstall-docker/
|
||||
[4]: https://learnubuntu.com/install-curl/
|
||||
[5]: https://learnubuntu.com/chmod-command/
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Install-the-latest-version-of-Docker-in-Ubuntu-using-Docker-s-official-repository.png
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Run-hello-world-docker-image-in-Ubuntu.png
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Docker-error.png
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Docker-sudo-error-in-Ubuntu.png
|
||||
[10]: https://learnubuntu.com/add-group/
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Use-docker-without-sudo-in-Ubuntu.png
|
||||
[12]: https://linuxhandbook.com/essential-docker-commands/
|
||||
[13]: https://linuxhandbook.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2021/08/Linux-Handbook-New-Logo.png
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user