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translating by stevenzdg988
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Linux wc Command Explained for Beginners (6 Examples)
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======
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While working on the command line, sometimes you may want to access the number of words, byte counts, or even newlines in a file. If you are looking for a tool to do this, you'll be glad to know that in Linux, there exists a command line utility - dubbed **wc** \- that does all this for you. In this article, we will be discussing this tool through easy to understand examples.
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But before we jump in, it's worth mentioning that all examples provided in this tutorial have been tested on Ubuntu 16.04.
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### Linux wc command
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The wc command prints newline, word, and byte counts for each input file. Following is the syntax of this command line tool:
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wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
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And here's how wc's man page explains it:
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```
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Print newline, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is
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specified. A word is a non-zero-length sequence of characters delimited by white space. With no
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FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
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```
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The following Q&A-styled examples will give you an even better idea about the basic usage of wc.
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Note: We'll be using a file named file.txt as the input file in all our examples. Following is what the file contains:
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```
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hi
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hello
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how are you
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thanks.
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```
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### Q1. How to print the byte count
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Use the **-c** command line option to print the byte count.
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wc -c file.txt
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Here's the output this command produced on our system:
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[![How to print the byte count][1]][2]
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So the file contains 29 bytes.
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### Q2. How to print the character count
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To print the number of characters, use the **-m** command line option.
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wc -m file.txt
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Here's the output this command produced on our system:
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[![How to print the character count][3]][4]
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So the file contains 29 characters.
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### Q3. How to print the newline count
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Use the **-l** command line option to print the number of newlines in the file.
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wc -l file.txt
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Here's the output in our case:
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[![How to print the newline count][5]][6]
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### Q4. How to print the word count
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To print the number of words present in the file, use the **-w** command line option.
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wc -w file.txt
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Following the output the command produced in our case:
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[![How to print the word count][7]][8]
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So this reveals there are 6 words in the file.
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### Q5. How to print the maximum display width or length of longest line
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In case you want to print the length of the longest line in the input file, use the **-L** command line option.
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wc -L file.txt
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Here's the output the command produced in our case:
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[![How to print the maximum display width or length of longest line][9]][10]
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So the length of the longest file in our file is 11.
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### Q6. How to read input file name(s) from a file
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In case you have multiple file names, and you want wc to read them from a file, then use the **\--files0-from** option.
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wc --files0-from=names.txt
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[![How to read input file name\(s\) from a file][11]][12]
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So you can see that the wc command, in this case, produced lines, words, and characters count for file.txt in the output. The name file.txt was mentioned in the names.txt file. It's worth mentioning that to successfully use this option, names written the file should be NUL terminated - you can generate this character by typing Ctrl+v followed by Ctrl+Shift+@.
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### Conclusion
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As you'd agree, wc is a simple command, both from understanding and usage purposes. We've covered pretty much all command line options the tool offers, so you should be ready to use the tool on a daily basis once you practice whatever we've explained here. For more info on wc, head to its [man page][13].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.howtoforge.com/linux-wc-command-explained-for-beginners-6-examples/
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作者：[Himanshu Arora][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.howtoforge.com
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[1]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-c-option.png
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[2]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-c-option.png
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[3]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-m-option.png
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[4]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-m-option.png
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[5]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-l-option.png
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[6]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-l-option.png
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[7]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-w-option.png
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[8]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-w-option.png
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[9]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-L-option.png
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[10]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-L-option.png
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[11]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/wc-file0-from-option.png
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[12]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/usage_of_pfsense_to_block_dos_attack_/big/wc-file0-from-option.png
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[13]:https://linux.die.net/man/1/wc
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@ -1,26 +1,23 @@
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Linux wc 命令入门
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为 Linux 初学者讲解 WC 命令(6个例子)
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======
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有些时候，我们需要在命令行环境下获取一个文件的单词数量，字节数甚至行数。Linux 自带了一个命令行工具 **wc** 可以完成这些功能。下面举几个例子。
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在命令行工作时，有时您可能想要访问一个文件中的单词数量、字节数、甚至换行数。如果您正在寻找这样做的工具，您会很高兴地知道，在 Linux 中，存在一个命令行实用程序，它被称为 -dubbed **wc** \-，它为您完成所有这些工作。在本文中，我们将通过简单易懂的例子来讨论这个工具。
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但是在我们开始之前，值得一提的是，本教程中提供的所有示例都在 Ubuntu 16.04上进行了测试。
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### Linux WC 命令
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请注意，以下例子的运行环境是 Ubuntu 16.04。
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WC 命令打印每个输入文件的新行、字和字节数。以下是该命令行工具的语法:
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```wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...```
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### Linux wc 命令
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wc 命令会打印文件的行数，单词数和字节数。以下是这个命令的使用方法：
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wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
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wc 的 man 页面的描述：
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以下是 WC 人工文档的解释:
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```
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Print newline, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is
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specified. A word is a non-zero-length sequence of characters delimited by white space. With no
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FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
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为每个文件打印新行、单词和字节数，如果多于一个文件，则为总行指定。单词是由空格分隔的非零长度的字符序列。没有文件，或当文件为-，读取标准输入。
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```
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下面举 6 个例子，看看 wc 命令的基本使用方法。
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**注意**：例子中使用的 file.txt 是输入文件。这个文件的内容是：
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下面的 Q&A 样式的示例将会让您更好地了解 WC 命令的基本用法。
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注意:在所有示例中我们将使用一个名为 ```file.txt``` 的文件作为输入文件。以下是该文件包含的内容:
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```
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hi
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hello
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@ -28,100 +25,78 @@ how are you
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thanks.
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```
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### Q1. 如何打印文件的字节数
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### Q1. 如何打印字节数
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使用 **-c** 参数打印字节数。
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使用 **-c** 命令选项打印字节数.
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```
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wc -c file.txt
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```
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**wc -c file.txt**
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这个命令会输出：
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下面是这个命令在我们的系统上产生的输出:
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[![How to print the byte count][1]][2]
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[![如何打印字节数][1]][2]
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这个文件包含 29 个字节。
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文件包含29个字节。
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### Q2. 如何打印文件的字符数
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### Q2. 如何打印字符数
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使用 **-m** 参数打印字符数。
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要打印字符数，请使用 **-m** 命令行选项。
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**wc -m file.txt**
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```
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wc -m file.txt
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```
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下面是这个命令在我们的系统上产生的输出:
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这个命令会输出：
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[![如何打印字符数][3]][4]
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[![How to print the character count][3]][4]
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文件包含29个字符。
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这个文件包含 29 个字符。
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### Q3. 如何打印换行数
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### Q3. 如何打印文件的行数
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使用 **-l**命令选项来打印文件中的新行数。
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使用 **-l** 参数打印字符数。
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**wc -l file.txt**
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```
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wc -l file.txt
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```
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这里是我们的例子的输出:
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这个命令会输出：
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[![如何打印换行数][5]][6]
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[![How to print the newline count][5]][6]
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### Q4. 如何打印字数
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这个文件包含 4 行。
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要打印文件中的单词数量，请使用 **-w**命令选项。
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### Q4. 如何打印文件的单词数
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**wc -w file.txt**
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使用 **-w** 参数打印单词数。
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在我们的例子中命令的输出如下:
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[![如何打印字数][7]][8]
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```
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wc -w file.txt
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```
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这显示文件中有6个单词。
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这个命令会输出：
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### Q5. 如何打印最长行的显示宽度或长度
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[![How to print the word count][7]][8]
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如果您想要打印输入文件中最长行的长度，请使用**-l**命令行选项。
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所以，这个文件包含 6 个单词。
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**wc -L file.txt**
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### Q5. 如何打印最长的行的的长度
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下面是在我们的案例中命令产生的结果:
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[![如何打印最长行的显示宽度或长度][9]][10]
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使用 **-L** 参数打印打印最长的行的的长度。
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所以文件中最长的行长度是11。
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### Q6. 如何从文件读取输入文件名
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```
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wc -L file.txt
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```
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如果您有多个文件名，并且您希望 WC 从一个文件中读取它们，那么使用**\-files0-from**选项。
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**wc --files0-from=names.txt**
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这个命令会输出：
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[![如何从文件读取输入文件名][11]][12]
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[![How to print the maximum display width or length of longest line][9]][10]
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所以，这个文件最长的行的长度是 11。
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### Q6. 如何使用一个文件的内容作为命令的输入
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如果你有一个存放多个文件名的文件，你可以使用 **\--files0-from** 参数从该文件一次读取所有文件。
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```
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wc --files0-from=names.txt
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```
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这个命令会输出：
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[![How to read input file name\(s\) from a file][11]][12]
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在这个例子中， wc 命令打印 file.txt 文件的行数，单词书和字符数。需要注意的是 names.txt 文件的每一行都要使用 NUL 字符作为结尾。你可以使用 Ctrl+v 然后 Ctrl+Shift+@ 输入 NUL 字符。
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### 总结
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wc 是一个简单易用的命令。上述几个例子简要地说明了这个命令的使用方法，方便我们在日常参考使用。更多 wc 的说明，请参考 [man page][13]。
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因此，您可以看到 WC 命令，在示例中，文件 **file.txt**输出了行、单词和字符数三种输出模式。文件名为 **file.txt**的文件在**name.txt**文件中提及。值得一提的是，为了成功地使用这个选项，写入文件的名称应该用 NUL 终止——您可以通过键入**Ctrl + v**然后按**Ctrl +Shift+ @**来生成这个字符。
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### 结论
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正如您所认同的一样，从理解和使用目的来看， WC 是一个简单的命令。我们已经介绍了几乎所有的命令行选项，所以您应该随时准备使用工具，在实践过程中以我们在这里解释过的内容为基础。想了解更多关于 WC 的信息，请参考它的[人工文档][13]。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.howtoforge.com/linux-wc-command-explained-for-beginners-6-examples/
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作者：[Himanshu Arora][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/cyleung)
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译者：[stevenzdg988](https://github.com/stevenzdg988)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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