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[translated] 20141104 Install LEMP Server (Nginx, MySQL or MariaDB, PHP And phpMyAdmin) On Ubuntu 14.10 or 14.04 or 13.10.md
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Frank Zhang
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zpl1025
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Install LEMP Server (Nginx, MySQL or MariaDB, PHP And phpMyAdmin) On Ubuntu 14.10/14.04/13.10
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================================================================================
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**LEMP** is a combination of the operating system and open-source software stack. The acronym LEMP comes from the first letters of **L**inux, Nginx(**e**ngine-x) HTTP Server, **M**ySQL database, and **P**HP/**P**erl/**P**ython.
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In this tutorial, let us see how to install Nginx, MySQL or MariaDB, PHP and phpMyAdmin on Ubuntu 14.10.
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### Install Nginx ###
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**Nginx** (pronounced as engine-x) is a free, open-source, high-performance HTTP server and reverse proxy, as well as an IMAP/POP3 proxy server written by Igor Sysoev.
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To install Nginx enter the following command in your terminal:
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**Note**: If you have already installed apache2 in your system, remove it first to avoid conflicts. To uninstall apache, run the following commands:
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sudo apt-get purge apache2*
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sudo apt-get autoremove -y
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Now, install nginx using command:
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sudo apt-get install nginx
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Start Nginx service using the command:
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sudo service nginx start
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### Test nginx ###
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Open up your web browser and navigate to http://ip-address/ or http://localhost/. You will see a screen something like below.
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### Configure Nginx ###
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Open the file **/etc/nginx/nginx.conf** in any editor:
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sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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Set the worker_processes (i.e No. of CPU’s in your system). To see the no. of CPU’s, use the command “lscpu”. In my case it’s “1″. So I set this as ’1′.
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worker_processes 1;
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Restart Nginx service:
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sudo service nginx restart
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The default vhost(server block) is defined in the **/etc/nginx/sites-available/default** file.
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Open the file /etc/nginx/sites-available/default in any editor.
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sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
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Under the Server section, set the server FQDN or IP address as shown below. Make sure you’ve added a index.php line.
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[...]
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server {
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listen 80 default_server;
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listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
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root /usr/share/nginx/html;
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index index.php index.html index.htm;
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# Make site accessible from http://localhost/
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server_name server.unixmen.local;
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[...]
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Here,
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- **listen 80;** –> listen for ipv4
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- **listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;** –> listen for ipv6
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- **root /usr/share/nginx/html;** –> document root directory.
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- **server_name server.unixmen.local;** –> Server FQDN.
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Now, scroll down further and find the section #location **~ \.php$**. Uncomment and modify the following lines as shown below.
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location ~ \.php$ {
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try_files $uri =404; ---------> Add this line
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fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
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# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
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#
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# # With php5-cgi alone:
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# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
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# # With php5-fpm:
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fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
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fastcgi_index index.php;
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include fastcgi.conf;
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}
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Here, I added an extra line **‘try_files $uri =404;’** to prevent zero day exploits.
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Save and exit the file.
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### Test nginx configuration ###
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Test the nginx configuration for any syntax errors using command:
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sudo nginx -t
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Sample output:
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nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
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nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
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Finally restart nginx service
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sudo service nginx restart
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### Install MySQL ###
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**MySQL** is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases, though SQLite probably has more total embedded deployments
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sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
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During installation, you’ll be asked to setup the MySQL root user password. Enter the password and click Ok.
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Re-enter the password.
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Now, MySQL server has been installed.
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You can verify the MySQL server status using command:
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sudo service mysql status
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Sample output:
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mysql start/running, process 5671
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**Note**: If you want to use MariaDB instead of MySQL, then follow the below steps.
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### Install MariaDB ###
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**MariaDB** is a drop in replacement for MySQL. It is a robust, scalable and reliable SQL server that comes rich set of enhancements.
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First you have to remove existing MySQL packages if any. To completely uninstall MySQL with configuration files, enter the following command:
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sudo apt-get purge mysql*
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Run the following command to remove unwanted packages.
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sudo apt-get autoremove
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After removing MySQL, run the following command to install MariaDB.
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sudo apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client
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Alternatively, you can install it from [MariaDB repository][1] if you want to try most recent version of MariaDB. Run the following commands to add PPA. As of writing this, MariaDB PPA is not yet updated to Ubuntu 14.10. However, we can use the repository of Ubuntu 14.04 instead.
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sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
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sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 0xcbcb082a1bb943db
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sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://sgp1.mirrors.digitalocean.com/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu trusty main'
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Update the software sources list and install MariaDB using following commands:
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y
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During installation you will be asked to set database ‘root’ user password.
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Re-enter password:
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Click Yes to migrate to MariaDB. Note that you’ll not be asked this question if you install MariaDB before MySQL.
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You can check the MariaDB version using command:
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sudo mysql -v -u root -p
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Sample output:
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Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
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Your MariaDB connection id is 34
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Server version: 5.5.39-MariaDB-2 (Ubuntu)
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Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
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Reading history-file /home/sk/.mysql_history
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Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
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Check if mariadb is running or not, using the following command:
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sudo service mysql status
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Sample output:
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* /usr/bin/mysqladmin Ver 9.0 Distrib 5.5.39-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu on x86_64
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Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
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Server version 5.5.39-MariaDB-2
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Protocol version 10
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Connection Localhost via UNIX socket
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UNIX socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
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Uptime: 2 min 21 sec
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Threads: 1 Questions: 566 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 330 Flush tables: 4 Open tables: 22 Queries per second avg: 4.014
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### Install PHP ###
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**PHP** (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely used open-source general purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.
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Install PHP with following command:
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sudo apt-get install php5 php5-fpm php5-mysql
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### Configure PHP ###
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Open **php.ini** file in any editor:
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sudo nano /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini
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Find the line ‘cgi.fix_pathinfo=1′, uncomment it and change the value 1 to 0.
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cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
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Now restart php-fpm service.
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sudo service php5-fpm restart
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### Test PHP ###
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Create a sample “testphp.php” file in nginx document root folder.
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sudo nano /usr/share/nginx/html/testphp.php
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Add the following lines in it.
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<?php
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phpinfo();
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?>
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Save and exit the file.
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Navigate to **http://server-ip-address/testphp.php**. It will display all the details about php such as version, build date and commands etc.
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PHP-FPM listens on the socket **/var/run/php5-fpm.sock** by default. If you want to make PHP-FPM use a TCP connection, open the file **/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf**,
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sudo nano /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
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Find the line listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock,
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;listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock
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and modify it to **listen = 127.0.0.1:9000**.
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listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
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Save and exit the file. Restart php5-fpm service.
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sudo service php5-fpm restart
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Now open the nginx configuration file:
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sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
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Find the line **fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;** and change it to fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; as shown below.
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location ~ \.php$ {
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try_files $uri =404;
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fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
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# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
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#
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# # With php5-cgi alone:
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fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
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# # With php5-fpm:
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# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
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fastcgi_index index.php;
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include fastcgi.conf;
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}
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Save and exit the file. Finally restart nginx service.
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sudo service nginx restart
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### Manage MySQL Databases Using phpMyAdmin (Optional) ###
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**phpMyAdmin** is a free open-source web interface tool used to manage your MySQL databases.
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### Install phpMyAdmin ###
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It is available in the Official Debian repositories. So install it with command:
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sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
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Select any webserver. By default, nginx will not be displayed here. So, select apache or lighttpd, and we will link phpmyadmin to work with nginx webserver later.
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Select Yes to configure database for phpmyadmin with dbconfig-common.
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Enter password of the database’s administrative user.
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Enter MySQL application password phpmyadmin.
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Re-enter the password.
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The phpMyAdmin installation has been completed.
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Create a symbolic link between phpMyAdmin and the website root directory. Here our website root document directory is /usr/share/nginx/html/.
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sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin/ /usr/share/nginx/html
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Restart nginx server.
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sudo service nginx restart
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### Access phpMyAdmin Web Console ###
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Now you can access the phpmyadmin console by navigating to **http://server-ip-address/phpmyadmin/** from your browser.
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Enter your MySQL username and password which you have given in previous steps. In my case its “root” and “ubuntu”.
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You will be redirected to PhpMyAdmin main web interface.
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Now you can manage your MySQL databases from phpMyAdmin web interface.
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That’s it. Your LEMP server is now up and ready to use.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-lemp-server-nginx-mysql-mariadb-php-phpmyadmin-ubuntu-14-1014-0413-10/
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作者：[SK][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/sk/
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[1]:https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/#mirror=tsinghua
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@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
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在Ubuntu 14.10/14.04/13.10上安装LEMP服务（Nginx，MySQL或MariaDB，PHP和phpMyAdmin）
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================================================================================
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**LEMP**是一个操作系统和几个开源软件包的合称。缩写LEMP来自**L**inux，Nginx（发音是**e**ngine-x）HTTP服务器，**M**ySQL数据库，和**P**HP/**P**erl/**P**ython的首字母。
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在这篇教程里，让我们看一下如何在Ubuntu 14.10上安装Nginx，MySQL或MariaDB，PHP和phpMyAdmin。
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### 安装Nginx ###
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**Nginx** (发音是engine-x)是一个免费的、开源的、高性能HTTP服务器和反向代理，也可以用作IMAP/POP3代理服务器，由Igor Sysoev开发。
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要安装Nginx，在你的终端里输入下面的命令：
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**注意**：如果你的系统里已经安装了apache2，先卸载掉以避免冲突。要卸载apache，运行下面的命令：
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sudo apt-get purge apache2*
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sudo apt-get autoremove -y
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现在，用下面的命令安装nginx：
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sudo apt-get install nginx
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用下面的命令启用Nginx服务：
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sudo service nginx start
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### 测试nginx ###
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打开你的浏览器访问http://IP地址/或者http://localhost/。将可以看到类似下面的截图。
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### 配置Nginx ###
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用任意文本编辑器打开文件**/etc/nginx/nginx.conf**
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sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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设置worker_processes（例如，你系统里CPU数目）。查看CPU数目，可以使用命令“lscpu”。在我这里是“1”。所以我把这个值设为1。
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worker_processes 1;
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重启Nginx服务：
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sudo service nginx restart
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默认虚拟主机（服务器模块）定义在文件**/etc/nginx/sites-available/default**里。
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用任意文本编辑器打开文件/etc/nginx/sites-available/default。
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sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
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在Server区域里，按如下设置服务器FQDN或IP地址。确保你增加了index.php这一行。
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[...]
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server {
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listen 80 default_server;
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listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
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root /usr/share/nginx/html;
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index index.php index.html index.htm;
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# Make site accessible from http://localhost/
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server_name server.unixmen.local;
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[...]
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这里面
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- **listen 80;** –> 监听ipv4端口
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- **listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;** –> 监听ipv6宽口
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- **root /usr/share/nginx/html;** –> 网站根目录
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- **server_name server.unixmen.local;** –> 服务器FQDN
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现在，向下滚动找到区域#location **~ \.php$**。去掉注释并按如下修改：
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location ~ \.php$ {
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try_files $uri =404; ---------> Add this line
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fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
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# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
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#
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# # With php5-cgi alone:
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# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
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# # With php5-fpm:
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fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
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fastcgi_index index.php;
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include fastcgi.conf;
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}
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这里面，我增加了额外一行**‘try_files $uri =404;’**用于避免0day漏洞。
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保存文件并退出。
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### 测试nginx配置 ###
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使用下面的命令测试nginx配置是否存在语法错误：
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sudo nginx -t
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典型输出：
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nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
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nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
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最后重启nginx服务
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sudo service nginx restart
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### 安装MySQL ###
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**MySQL**是一个关系型数据库管理系统（RDBMS），作为服务启动提供给多用户访问多种数据库，尽管可能大多集成布置的SQLite。
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sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
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在安装过程中，会提示你设置MySQL超级用户密码。输入密码并按确认。
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重新输入密码。
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现在，MySQL服务器就安装好了。
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你可以用下面的命令检查MySQL服务器状态：
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sudo service mysql status
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典型输出：
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|
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mysql start/running, process 5671
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**：如果你希望使用MariaDB而不是MySQL，可以参考下面的步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装MariaDB ###
|
||||
|
||||
**MariaDB**是MySQL的一个直接替代软件。它是一个稳定的、可扩展的和可靠的SQL服务器，包含许多增强功能。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，如果有的话你得先卸载掉MySQL。要完全卸载MySQL包括配置文件，输入如下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get purge mysql*
|
||||
|
||||
运行如下命令清除不需要的软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get autoremove
|
||||
|
||||
在卸载完MySQL后，运行如下命令安装MariaDB。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client
|
||||
|
||||
另外，如果你希望体验最新版的MariaDB的话，可以从[MariaDB仓库][1]安装。运行下面的命令添加PPA。在写这篇文章的时候，MariaDB PPA还没有更新Ubuntu 14.10。不过，我们还是可以使用Ubuntu 14.04的仓库。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
|
||||
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 0xcbcb082a1bb943db
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://sgp1.mirrors.digitalocean.com/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu trusty main'
|
||||
|
||||
用如下命令更新一下软件源列表，然后安装MariaDB：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y
|
||||
|
||||
在安装过程中，会提示你设置数据库‘root’用户密码。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
重新输入一次密码：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
点击‘是’迁移到MariaDB。注意一下，如果在安装MariaDB之前没有装过MySQL的话，不会提示你这个问题。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以用如下命令检查MariaDB版本：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo mysql -v -u root -p
|
||||
|
||||
典型输出：
|
||||
|
||||
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
|
||||
Your MariaDB connection id is 34
|
||||
Server version: 5.5.39-MariaDB-2 (Ubuntu)
|
||||
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
|
||||
|
||||
Reading history-file /home/sk/.mysql_history
|
||||
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
|
||||
|
||||
用如下命令检查MariaDB是否已经开始运行：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo service mysql status
|
||||
|
||||
典型输出：
|
||||
|
||||
* /usr/bin/mysqladmin Ver 9.0 Distrib 5.5.39-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu on x86_64
|
||||
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
|
||||
|
||||
Server version 5.5.39-MariaDB-2
|
||||
Protocol version 10
|
||||
Connection Localhost via UNIX socket
|
||||
UNIX socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
|
||||
Uptime: 2 min 21 sec
|
||||
|
||||
Threads: 1 Questions: 566 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 330 Flush tables: 4 Open tables: 22 Queries per second avg: 4.014
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装PHP ###
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP**（PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor的递归缩写）是一个应用广泛的开源通用脚本语言，特别适合于网页开发，可以直接嵌入到HTML中。
|
||||
|
||||
使用如下命令安装PHP：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install php5 php5-fpm php5-mysql
|
||||
|
||||
### 配置PHP ###
|
||||
|
||||
用任意文本编辑器打开**php.ini**文件：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo nano /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini
|
||||
|
||||
找到这一行‘cgi.fix_pathinfo=1′，去掉注释并把值1改为0。
|
||||
|
||||
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
|
||||
|
||||
现在重启php-fpm服务。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo service php5-fpm restart
|
||||
|
||||
### 测试PHP ###
|
||||
|
||||
在nginx文档根目录下创建一个测试文件“testphp.php”。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo nano /usr/share/nginx/html/testphp.php
|
||||
|
||||
加入下面几行。
|
||||
|
||||
<?php
|
||||
phpinfo();
|
||||
?>
|
||||
|
||||
保存文件并退出。
|
||||
|
||||
访问地址**http://server-ip-address/testphp.php**。将打印出所有关于php的信息，比如版本、构建日期以及命令等等。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
PHP-FPM会默认监听套接字**/var/run/php5-fpm.sock**。如果你希望PHP-FPM使用TCP连接，打开文件**/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf**，
|
||||
|
||||
sudo nano /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
|
||||
|
||||
找到这一行listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock，
|
||||
|
||||
;listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock
|
||||
|
||||
把它改成**listen = 127.0.0.1:9000**。
|
||||
|
||||
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
|
||||
|
||||
保存退出。重启php5-fpm服务。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo service php5-fpm restart
|
||||
|
||||
现在打开nginx配置文件：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
|
||||
|
||||
找到这一行**fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;**，参考下面把它改成fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;。
|
||||
|
||||
location ~ \.php$ {
|
||||
try_files $uri =404;
|
||||
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
|
||||
# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
|
||||
#
|
||||
# # With php5-cgi alone:
|
||||
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
|
||||
# # With php5-fpm:
|
||||
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
|
||||
fastcgi_index index.php;
|
||||
include fastcgi.conf;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
保存退出。最后重启nginx服务。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo service nginx restart
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用phpMyAdmin管理MySQL数据库（可选） ###
|
||||
|
||||
**phpMyAdmin**是一个免费的开源网页界面工具，用来管理你的MySQL数据库。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装phpMyAdmin ###
|
||||
|
||||
在Debian官方仓库里就有。所以可以用下面的命令安装：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
|
||||
|
||||
选择一个网页服务器。默认情况下，这里不会显示nginx。所以，选择apache或者lighttpd，然后我们再把phpMyAdmin和nginx连接起来工作。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
选择‘是’通过dbconfig-common为phpMyAdmin配置数据库。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
输入数据库的管理员账号密码。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
输入phpmyadmin帐号的MySQL密码：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
重新输入一次密码。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
phpMyAdmin的安装就完成了。
|
||||
|
||||
创建一个phpMyAdmin的软连接到网站根目录。这里我们的网站跟文档目录是/usr/share/nginx/html/。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin/ /usr/share/nginx/html
|
||||
|
||||
重启nginx服务。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo service nginx restart
|
||||
|
||||
### 访问phpMyAdmin网页控制台 ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在你可以在浏览器中通过地址**http://server-ip-address/phpmyadmin/**访问phpMyAdmin的控制台了。
|
||||
|
||||
输入你在前面步骤里留下的MySQL用户名和密码。在我这里是“root”和“ubuntu”。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
就可以重定向到phpMyAdmin的网页管理首页。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在你就可以在phpMyAdmin网页里管理你的MyQL数据库了。
|
||||
|
||||
就这样。你的LEMP服务器已经配置完毕可以投入使用了。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-lemp-server-nginx-mysql-mariadb-php-phpmyadmin-ubuntu-14-1014-0413-10/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[SK][a]
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[1]:https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/#mirror=tsinghua
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user