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[#]: subject: "Making Directories in Linux Terminal"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/make-directories/"
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[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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Making Directories in Linux Terminal
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======
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In the [previous chapter][1] of the Terminal Basics series, you learned about changing folders in the Linux command line.
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I gave an exercise at the end that briefly mentioned making directories.
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In this part of the series, I'll discuss how you can make new folders in the Linux command line using the mkdir command.
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```
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mkdir dir_name
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```
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mkdir is short of make directories. Let's see about using this command.
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📋
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In case you didn't know, folders are called directories in Linux.
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### Making a new directory in Linux
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You should be familiar with the [concept of absolute and relative paths in Linux][2] by now. If not, please refer to this tutorial.
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Absolute vs Relative Path in Linux: What’s the Difference?In this essential Linux learning chapter, know about the relative and absolute paths in Linux. What’s the difference between them and which one should you use.![][3]Linux HandbookAbhishek Prakash![][4]
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Open the terminal on your system if it is not already opened. Normally, you start with your home directory (/home/username). But for the sake of this tutorial and to recall a couple of things, I presume you are not in your home directory.
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So, change to your home directory first.
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```
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cd
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```
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Yes. If you simply enter cd without any options and arguments, it takes you to your home directory. You could also use `cd ~` among other methods.
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Here, make a new directory called practice.
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```
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mkdir practice
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```
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Can you switch to this newly created practice directory?
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```
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cd practice
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```
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Great! Now you have a dedicated folder where you'll practice the Linux command line tutorials in this series.
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![Example of making new directory in Linux][5]
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### Creating multiple new directories
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You just created a new directory. What if you have to create more than one? Let's say three of them.
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You may use the mkdir command three times in a row for each of them. It will work. However, it is not really needed. You can save time and effort by creating multiple directories at the same time like this:
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```
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mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3
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```
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Go on and do that please. You can list the contents of the `practice` directory to see all the newly created directories. More on the ls command later.
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![Create multiple new directories in Linux with mkdir command][6]
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💡
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You cannot have two folders or files of the same name in the same location.
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### Making multiple nested subdirectories
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So, you now know about creating multiple directories at once.
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But what if you have to create a nested directory structure? Let's say that you have to create a directory subdir2 inside subdir1 inside dir1.
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```
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dir1/subdir1/subdir2
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```
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The problem here is that subdir1 does not exist. So if you try `mkdir dir1/subdir1/subdir32, you'll get an error:
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```
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[email protected]:~/practice$ mkdir dir1/subdir1/subdir2
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mkdir: cannot create directory ‘dir1/subdir1/subdir2’: No such file or directory
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```
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If you didn't know better, you would go for `mkdir dir1/subdir1` and then run `mkdir dir1/subdir2`. That will work. However, there is a much better way.
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You use the `-p` option, which makes parent directories if needed. If you run the command below:
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```
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mkdir -p dir1/subdir1/subdir2
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```
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It will create subdir1 and then subdir2 inside subdir1.
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> 💡 There is no naming convention, but it is better to avoid spaces in file and directory names. Use underscore or dash instead because handling spaces in file/directory names requires special effort.
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### Test your knowledge
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This is rather a short tutorial because the mkdir command has only a few options.
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Now, let me give you some practice exercises to utilize the `practice` directory you had created earlier.
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- Without entering the `dir2` directory, create two new subdirectories in it.
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- Without entering the `dir3` directory, create two-level nested subdirectories (subdir1/subdir2)
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- Change to the dir2 directory. From here, create a directory named temp_stuff in your home directory. Don't worry; we will delete it later in this tutorial series.
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- Go back to the parent `practice` directory and try to create a directory named `dir3`. You see an error. Can you make it go away with the `-p` option?
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You can [discuss this exercise in the community forum][7].
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In the next chapter of the Terminal Basics series, you'll learn about listing the contents of a directory with the ls command.
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Do let me know if you have questions or suggestions.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/make-directories/
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/change-directories/
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[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/absolute-vs-relative-path/
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[3]: https://linuxhandbook.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2021/08/Linux-Handbook-New-Logo.png
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[4]: https://linuxhandbook.com/content/images/2021/04/absolute-relative-path-linux.png
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[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/make-directory-example.svg
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/create-multiple-directories-linux.png
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[7]: https://itsfoss.community/t/exercise-in-making-directories-in-linux-terminal/10227
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@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
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[#]: subject: "Making Directories in Linux Terminal"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/make-directories/"
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[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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在 Linux 终端中创建目录
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======
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在终端基础系列的[上一章][1]中，你学到了在 Linux 命令行中改变文件夹的知识。
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我在最后给出了一个练习，简单地提到了创建目录。
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在本系列的这一部分，我将讨论如何使用 mkdir 命令在 Linux 命令行中建立新的文件夹。
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```
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mkdir dir_name
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```
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mkdir 是 make directories 的简称。让我们来看看这个命令的使用情况。
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📋
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如果你不知道，文件夹在 Linux 中被称为目录。
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### 在 Linux 中创建一个新目录
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你现在应该已经熟悉了[Linux中绝对路径和相对路径的概念][2]。如果没有，请参考本教程。
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如果你的系统还没有打开终端，请打开它。通常情况下，你从主目录（/home/username）开始。但为了本教程和回忆一些事情，我假定你不在你的主目录中。
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所以，先换到你的主目录。
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```
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cd
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```
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是的，如果你简单地输入 cd，没有任何选项和参数，它就会把你带到你的主目录。你也可以使用 `cd ~` 等方法。
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在这里，建立一个新的目录，叫做 practice。
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```
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mkdir practice
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```
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你能切换到这个新建立的 practice 目录吗？
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```
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cd practice
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```
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很好! 现在你有了一个专门的文件夹，你将在这里练习本系列中的 Linux 命令行教程。
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![Example of making new directory in Linux][5]
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### 创建多个新目录
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你刚刚创建了一个新的目录。如果你要创建不止一个呢？比方说，有三个。
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你可以对每个目录连续使用三次 mkdir 命令。这将会起作用。然而，这并不是真的需要。你可以像这样同时创建多个目录来节省时间和精力：
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```
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mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3
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```
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请继续这样做吧。你可以列出 `practice` 目录的内容，查看所有新创建的目录。以后会有更多关于 ls 命令的内容。
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![Create multiple new directories in Linux with mkdir command][6]
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💡
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你不能在同一地方有两个同名的文件夹或文件。
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### 创建多个嵌套的子目录
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你现在知道了一次创建多个目录的方法。
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但是，如果你要创建一个嵌套的目录结构呢？比方说，你必须在 dir1 里面的 subdir1 里面创建一个目录 subdir2。
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```
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dir1/subdir1/subdir2
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```
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这里的问题是 subdir1 并不存在。所以如果你尝试 `mkdir dir1/subdir1/subdir32`，你会得到一个错误：
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```
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[email protected]:~/practice$ mkdir dir1/subdir1/subdir2
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mkdir: cannot create directory ‘dir1/subdir1/subdir2’: No such file or directory
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```
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如果你不知道的话，你会选择 `mkdir dir1/subdir1`，然后运行 `mkdir dir1/subdir2`。这将会起作用。然而，有一个更好的方法。
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你使用`-p`选项，它会在需要时创建父目录。如果你运行下面的命令：
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```
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mkdir -p dir1/subdir1/subdir2
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```
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它将创建subdir1，然后在subdir1里面创建subdir2。
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> 💡 没有命名惯例，但最好在文件和目录名中避免空格。使用下划线或破折号代替，因为处理文件/目录名中的空格需要额外精力。
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### 测试你的知识
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这是一个相当简短的教程，因为mkdir命令只有几个选项。
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现在，让我给你一些实践练习，以利用你先前创建的 `practice` 目录。
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- 不进入 `dir2` 目录，在其中创建两个新的子目录。
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- 不进入 `dir3` 目录，创建两级嵌套子目录（subdir1/subdir2）
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- 进入 dir2 目录。在这里，在你的主目录下创建一个名为 temp_stuff 的目录。不要担心，我们将在本系列教程的后面删除它。
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- 回到父目录 `practice`，尝试创建一个名为 `dir3` 的目录。你看到一个错误。你能用 `-p` 选项使它消失吗？
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你可以[在社区论坛讨论这个练习][7]。
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在终端基础系列的下一章中，你将学习如何用 ls 命令列出一个目录的内容。
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如果你有问题或建议，请告诉我。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/make-directories/
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作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/change-directories/
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[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/absolute-vs-relative-path/
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[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/make-directory-example.svg
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/create-multiple-directories-linux.png
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[7]: https://itsfoss.community/t/exercise-in-making-directories-in-linux-terminal/10227
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