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Got Linux? Add Proprietary Code
================================================================================
![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw661226/linux-enterprise-proprietary-code.jpg)
> For some industries, running proprietary software on an open source Linux distro is not the exception -- it's the rule of thumb. Take, for example, the Wall Street crowd. "Ninety-nine percent of the applications on Wall Street depend on proprietary products. We are much like Oracle in that our product runs on Linux but has a proprietary license," said FSMLabs' President Victor Yodaiken.
Migrating to the Linux platform is not an either/or proposition. Linux as a computing platform is so flexible that it offers users a have-it-your-way menu of software options.
One option is the Linux desktop. Individual users in home computing, SOHO and SMB operations can choose from a variety of enterprise-class Linux distributions. The Linux desktop OS offers a no-cost or low-cost alternative to the frustrations of Microsoft Windows or the limitations of Apple's Unix-based OS X platform for its relatively costly Mac hardware.
Another migration path is to forgo acclimating office staff to the Linux desktop. Instead, enterprises can opt to run their back-office and server operations on a Linux server. Linux servers have a rigorous giant footprint in the networking and cloud computing worlds. Linux servers are commonplace in many other enterprise settings.
A third migration choice is to run a full Linux shop. Standard office computing software is readily available in open source packages for office suites, Web browsing and graphic production tasks. Open source database applications connect famously with back-end software and servers. Plus, Linux does not need hardware-specific buy-in requirements.
Staff training to use the Linux desktop applications often is needed only in small amounts. Thanks to workers' familiarity with cross-platform software such as LibreOffice and OpenOffice productivity suites, as well as Google Chrome and Firefox Web browsers, front-office communications rarely miss a beat.
Linux is flexible. A new trend is to create third-party proprietary software to suit your own enterprise needs. Commercial software firms can recompile must-have Windows or any other platform's software. They also can create task-specific Linux applications that combine off-the-shelf open source components with their own proprietary code.
"I believe this is becoming a new trend. Enterprises are using third-party proprietary software developed to work on the Linux OS. One of the factors pushing enterprises into migrating to Linux with custom-made software is the financial burden of continuing to pay Microsoft licensing fees," Dayan Jeremiah, CEO of [Icewarp Pacific][1], told LinuxInsider.
### Linux Does Proprietary ###
One of the biggest hurdles a company faces in migrating to any operating system is overseeing application compatibility. In the case of moving into Linux, an enterprise has to make sure that whatever software it uses is compatible with the Linux OS, noted Jeremiah.
The Linux OS has an arsenal of software that runs across the numerous distributions and Linux desktop environments. Depending on the industry involved, the vast open source community may not have a specific replacement for every specialized computing task. In that case, it is often cost-effective to roll your own with the help of a third-party software developer.
"Using a third-party software vendor helps to ensure this compatibility. For example, we are able to mix and match the software components together so that the application works on Linux," said Jeremiah.
### An Old Model Made New ###
A growing number of proprietary software firms, such as Icewarp, build specialized software to meet an enterprise's specific computing needs. They use many open source components in the mix.
The savings, compared to staying with the Microsoft infrastructure, involve not only licensing costs, but also reduced coding costs.
"We can build an entire software solution using readily available components for Linux. This entire solution is generally much more cost-effective, efficient and stable across the board," Jeremiah noted.
Icewarp does not develop the specialized software as free open source projects. It does not provide free versions and charge a fee for support. You order it and pay for it.
### Porting Code Can Be Chaotic ###
One hurdle in making software ported from another computing platform compatible with the Linux OS is the vast majority of Linux flavors, according to Jacob Loveless, CEO of [Lucera][2]. The Linux OS has a common kernel, but it has a lot of flavors.
"The problem develops when software companies have to cross-compile for multiple Linux systems," Loveless told LinuxInsider. "With the exception of Microsoft Exchange Server, most databases run exceptionally well on Linux. MySQL and PostSQL are probably to two most prominent open source versions."
The majority of the hurdles in porting software to Linux require recompiling the code. Usually there are platform-specific things you have to do to make it work, he said.
For example, if you have proprietary code bases written in .Net or other languages for Windows, the open source compiler that runs on Linux is not always compatible. So you have a lot of application work you have to redo, Loveless explained.
Another example involves using databases. You often have to port to a different database and a different Web server.
"There is definitely work there," said Loveless.
### A Lot Is Not Enough ###
Another compatibility issue in migrating to Linux is the type of open source software a company needs.
"There are not enough open source solutions for all of the specialized enterprise needs," maintained IceWarp's Jeremiah, "but whatever is available for Linux in general, we feel is sufficient. What is not provided by the communities for specialized business applications can be built by third-party software firms."
For example, IceWarp recently built a specialized Linux-compatible application that required no additional hardware purchase and no additional licensing fees.
The specialized software included a clustered set of load balancers, a cluster of database servers and a cluster set of IP servers. All of it runs on a standard Red Hat Enterprise Linux or CentOS Linux distro.
### Follow the Money ###
In some cases, you can follow the money trail to the Linux OS. Sometimes it is the Linux server that has heavily populated an industry. Other times it is a particular Linux desktop application -- or it could be both.
Take, for example, the Wall Street crowd. In financial markets, time synchronization becomes critical. The financial networks rely on distributive networks where users have to work with time locks to complete transactions. Other applications require very precise timing before a transaction can be executed. These are functions that require precise time synchronization controls, explained Victor Yodaiken, president of [FSMLabs][3].
When FSMLabs started developing its TimeKeeper time synchronization software, Yodaiken expected there soon would be a need to develop a Windows version.
However, "it turned out that everybody who is doing automated trading or low-latency trading or even collecting data at high precision is running Linux in this market," he told LinuxInsider.
### Time Is Costly ###
FSMLabs uses proprietary code that runs on Linux. The Network Time Protocol built into Linux does not adequately synchronize time into nanoseconds for software that tracks stock and trade transactions. Windows falls short for another reason.
"I think Linux's popularity over Windows is that Windows does not have a standard API which lets you get time below a millisecond. So Windows does not really do you any good. You have to have specialized APIs. With Linux, you do not have to screw around with your application program," Yodaiken said.
The financial markets were one of the first to embrace Linux. Many of the early systems managers came up from [Bell Labs][4] in the 1980s, so it is a very established market, he added.
### Filling a Need ###
For some industries, running proprietary software on an open source Linux distro is not the exception -- it's the rule of thumb.
"Ninety-nine percent of the applications on Wall Street depend on proprietary products. We are much like Oracle in that our product runs on Linux but has a proprietary license," said FSMLabs' Yodaiken.
Some markets that run Linux need more specialized software than what's available as open source products. Existing open source software just does not meet their requirements. That is why software developers provide commercial offerings for enterprise Linux operations, he added.
"That is pretty common. Open source is really best suited for big markets. That is why it has wide, general requirements. Not too many people would have to have a one microsecond correct time all the time -- and alarms if they can't get it," he pointed out.
### Linux Purism Is Pointless ###
The concept of maintaining a totally free open source software infrastructure on the Linux OS may fall short when it comes to running specialized software. That reality holds true for any specialized business.
When a specialized computing need does not impact a wide user market, a third-party software developer can provide a proprietary, commercial or closed source software solution. Call it what you will. Open source purity might become a thing of the past as businesses continue to adopt the Linux OS.
"Having commercial software prominent on the Linux OS is fairly common," said Yodaiken. "People in business are not purists. They just want to solve problems."
Jack M. Germain has been writing about computer technology since the early days of the Apple II and the PC. He still has his original IBM PC-Jr and a few other legacy DOS and Windows boxes. He left shareware programs behind for the open source world of the Linux desktop. He runs several versions of Windows and Linux OSes and often cannot decide whether to grab his tablet, netbook or Android smartphone instead of using his desktop or laptop gear. You can connect with him on Google+.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80555.html
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://www.icewarp.com/
[2]:https://lucerahq.com
[3]:http://www.fsmlabs.com/
[4]:http://www.bell-labs.com/

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Got Linux? Add Proprietary Code
================================================================================
![](http://www.linuxinsider.com/images/rw661226/linux-enterprise-proprietary-code.jpg)
> 对于一些产业来讲，在开源的Linux发行版上运行商业版的软件并不类外。--这很常见,例如，在华尔街，“华尔街上百分之九十九的应用依赖于商业版的软件。在我们运行在Linux上的产品中，Oracle是我们最喜欢的一种商业软件”， FSMLabs' President Victor Yodaiken说。
迁移到Linux平台并不是一个非此即彼的提议。作为一个计算机平台，Linux是非常灵活的。它提供给用户一个自定义的软件菜单选项。
一种选择是Linux桌面。家庭个人用户，SOHO 和 SMB 操作可以从众多的企业级Linux发行版中选择。Linux桌面系统提供了一个0成本或者成本很低的替代，相对于微软系统来讲，或者是基于Unix的苹果OS X系统依赖苹果硬件的局限性。
另一个替换的办法是，让员工放弃linux桌面办公，取而代之，企业可以运行后台办公系统在Linux服务器上。Linux服务器在网络化和云计算领域有一个缜密和强大的空间。Linux服务器在很多企业中应用很广。
第三个方法是运行一个完整的Linux商店，斯坦达德办公中心运作的软件在开源包，网络浏览，图形产生方面非常有用。开源的数据库应用和和后台软件及服务器连接相当频繁，在此方面，Linux不需要购入特殊硬件来支持。
培训员工使用Linux桌面应用需求量很小。感谢工作者对跨平台软件的友好支持。例如LibreOffice 和 Open Office, 同样的，Chrome和 Firefox浏览器。前端办公交互很少漏掉。
Linux很灵活。一个新的趋势是生产适合你企业需要的第三方软件。商业软件公司可以再编译必要的WIndow或者其它平台软件。他们也可以生产Linux任务应用将现成的资源和他们自己的代码结合到一起。
“我相信这将是一个新的趋势，企业可以用第三方软件在Linux系统上进行开发。推动企业向Linux迁移并使用定制的软件的一个因素便是支付微软的专利费用的财政负担”，Dayan Jeremiah ，[Icewarp Pacific][1] 的 CEO 说。 
### Linux Does Proprietary ###
一个公司向任何一个系统迁移的时候所面临的最大障碍是监测应用的通用性。在迁移到Linux上时，企业不得不保证软件在Liunx上通用。Jeremiah强调
Linux操作系统有一个多类型和Linux桌面系统软件库。根据不同的行业，大量的开源社区可能没有为每一个特殊的任务指定一种方案。在这种情况下， 借助于第三方软件来推出自己的应用往往更节约成本。
“使用第三方软件有助于保证兼容性，例如，我们可以混合和匹配软件组件来保证应用在Linux上运行” ，Jeremiah 说。
### 旧的模型产生新模型 ###
越来越多的专有软件公司，例如爱思华宝，建立特殊的软件来满足企业特殊的业务需求，他们将许多开源组件混合在一起使用。
与微软的基础设施相比，不仅节省了许可成本，还节省了编码成本。
“我们可以建立一个完整的软件方案，使用现成的Linux软件组件，整个解决方案往往更节省成本，高效，稳定。” Jermaih强调。
Icewarp不开发专门的软件作为免费的开源项目，它不提供免费版，需要付费支持。你需要付费购买它。
### 代码移植 ###
把软件从一个平台移植到另一个平台并与Liunx兼容的一个障碍是Liunx的多样化，依据Jacob Loveless, CEO of [Lucera][2]的观点。Linux操作系统拥有一个通用kernel,但是有很多多样化。
“当软件公司不得不在多个Linux系统中交叉编译时，问题进一步加深。”伴随着微软Exchange 服务器的类外，大多数数据库运行良好。Mysql和postSql可能是最突出的两个开源版本。
在软件移植到Linux的最大挑战，是需要重新编译代码，通常有平台相关的事情你不得不去做。他说。
例如，如果你有特殊的代码底层依赖，对于window来讲，.net 或者其它语言，运行在Linux的开源编译器并不总是兼容，因此你有很多软件工作需要重做，Loveless说道。
另一个例子是使用数据库。你经常不得不连接到一个不同的数据库和一个不同的web服务器。
有明确的工作要做，Loverless说道。
### 许多还不够 ###
在移植到Linux上时，另一个兼容性问题是开源软件公司的需求。
没有足够的开源方案来解决企业的专业需求， IceWarp 的Jeremiah说，通常来讲，我们认为是足够的，目前还没有被专门的软件应用来提供，而第三方不能提供的软件。
例如，IceWarp最近建立了一个特殊的Linux兼容应用，不需要额外的硬件采购，没有额外的许可费用。
特殊的软件包括一个集群负载均衡。集群数据库和集群IP服务器，所有的这一切都运行在一个标准的红帽企业版Linux或者CentOS Linux.
### 跟着钱走 ###
在一些情况下，你可以跟着前找到Linux。有时它是Linux服务器在工业中有很高的用途。另一些时候，它是Linux桌面应用，或者两者都有。
例如，在金融市场中，时间同步是关键。金融依靠分布式网络，用户不得不在指定的时间内完成交易。其它的应用需要在交易前进行精确的计时。这些功能需要精确的时间同步控制。Victor Yodaiken 说，[FSMLabs][3] 的总裁。
当FSMLabs 开始开发时间同步软件，Yodaiken期待很快会拥有一个Windows版本。
然而，被证实每一个在使用自动交易或者低延迟交易，甚至是采集高精度数据软件的人，都运行的是Linux系统，他告诉LinuxInsider.
### 时间是昂贵的 ###
FSMLabs 将专有的代码运行在Linux上，建立在Linux上的软件时间协议不适用同步时间在纳秒级别的应用，比如那些追踪股票，或者交易的需求。
“我认为Linux的在Windows之上，因为Windows没有一个标准的API让你获取时间在毫秒级别以下。”所以Window并不是真的都好。你不得不拥有特殊的API，在Linux下。你不需要费力在你的应用程序上。Yodaiken 说。
金融市场是第一个拥抱Linux的。许多早期的系统管理者来自80年代的[贝尔实验室][4]，因此这是一个很成熟的市场，他说。
### 满足需求 ###
对于一些产业来说，在开源的Linux发型版上运行有专利的软件并不意外，这是很常见的。
“华尔街99%的应用都运行在有专利的产品上。在我们运行在Linux的产品中，我们很喜欢Oracle，它有一个专利许可。”FSMLabs' Yodaiken说。
一些市场运行Linux需要跟更多专业的软件，相比开源的产品，现存的开源软件不能满足他们的需求。这也就是为什么软件开发者为企业Linux提供商业的产品。他补充道。
“这是很常见的，开源最适合大市场，这就是为什么他们具有广泛的需求。没有几人总是对的。如果他们不对，需要告诉他们” 他指出。
### Linux纯粹主义是没有意义的 ###
在Linux上运行完全免费开源的软件的观念是欠缺的，有时候你要运行专利软件。
当一个专业的计算不需要进入广泛市场时，第三方软件开发者提供一个专有的，商业的或者闭源的解决方案。由于商业持续地适应Linux系统，绝对的开源将成为过去的事情。
在Linux上拥有商业软件是相当普遍的，Yodaiken说，商人都不是纯粹主义者，他们只想解决问题。
Jack M. Germain从早期的苹果二和PC的时候就一直在写计算机技术。他保留着一些原始的IBM PC和一些传统的DOC系统，和Windows盒子，他抛弃了共享程序，走向开源Linux世界.他运行一些Windows系统和Linux系统，经常不能决定是否用他的平板电脑或者安卓智能手机替代他的桌面系统或者便携式电脑。你可以在Google+上联系到他。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80555.html
译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://www.icewarp.com/
[2]:https://lucerahq.com
[3]:http://www.fsmlabs.com/
[4]:http://www.bell-labs.com/