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geekpi
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Java vs. Python: Which should you choose?)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/java-vs-python)
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[#]: author: (Archit Modi https://opensource.com/users/architmodi)
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Java vs. Python: Which should you choose?
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======
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Compare the two most popular programming languages in the world, and let
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us know which one you prefer in our poll.
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![Developing code.][1]
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Let's compare the two most popular and powerful programming languages in the world: Java and Python! Both languages have huge community support and libraries to perform almost any programming task, although selecting a programming language usually depends on the developer's use case. After you compare and contrast, please make sure to answer our poll to [share your opinion][2] on which is best.
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### What is it?
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* **Java** is a general-purpose object-oriented programming language used mostly for developing a wide range of applications from mobile to web to enterprise apps.
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* **Python** is a high-level object-oriented programming language used mostly for web development, artificial intelligence, machine learning, automation, and other data science applications.
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### Creator
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* **Java** was created by James Gosling (Sun Microsystems).
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* **Python** was created by Guido van Rossum.
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### Open source status
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* **Java** is free and (mostly) open source except for corporate use.
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* **Python** is free and open source for all use cases.
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### Platform dependencies
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* **Java** is platform-independent (although JVM isn't) per its WORA ("write once, run anywhere") philosophy.
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* **Python** is platform-dependent.
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### Compiled or interpreted
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* **Java** is a compiled language. Java programs are translated to byte code at compile time and not runtime.
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* **Python** is an interpreted language. Python programs are translated at runtime.
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### File creation
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* **Java**: After compilation, **<filename>.class** is generated.
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* **Python**: During runtime, **<filename>.pyc** is created.
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### Errors types
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* **Java** has ****2 ****types of errors: compile and runtime errors.
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* **Python** has 1 error type: traceback (or runtime) error.
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### Statically or dynamically typed
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* **Java** is statically typed. When initiating variables, their types need to be specified in the program because type checking is done at compile time.
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* **Python** is dynamically typed. Variables don't need to have a type specified when initiated because type checking is done at runtime.
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### Syntax
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* **Java**: Every statement needs to end with a semicolon ( **;** ), and blocks of code are separated by curly braces ( **{}** ).
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* **Python**: Blocks of code are separated by indentation (the user can choose how many white spaces to use, but it should be consistent throughout the block).
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### Number of classes
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* **Java**: Only one public top-level class can exist in a single file in Java.
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* **Python**: Any number of classes can exist in a single file in Python.
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### More or less code?
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* **Java** generally involves writing more lines of code compared to Python.
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* **Python** involves writing fewer lines of code compared to Java.
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### Multiple inheritance
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* **Java** does not support multiple inheritance (inheriting from two or more base classes)
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* **Python** supports multiple inheritance although it is rarely implemented due to various issues like inheritance complexity, hierarchy, dependency issues, etc.
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### Multi-threading
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* **Java** multi-threading can support two or more concurrent threads running at the same time.
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* **Python** uses a global interpreter lock (GIL), allowing only a single thread (CPU core) to run at a time.
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### Execution speed
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* **Java** is usually faster in execution time than Python.
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* **Python** is usually slower in execution time than Java.
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### Hello world in Java
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```
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public class Hello {
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public static void main([String][3][] args) {
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[System][4].out.println("Hello Opensource.com from Java!");
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}
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}
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```
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### Hello world in Python
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```
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`print("Hello Opensource.com from Java!")`
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```
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### Run the programs
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![Java vs. Python][5]
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To run the java program "Hello.java" you need to compile it first which creates a "Hello.class" file. To run just the class name, use "java Hello." For Python, you would just run the file "python3 helloworld.py."
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/java-vs-python
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作者：[Archit Modi][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/architmodi
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/code_development_programming.png?itok=M_QDcgz5 (Developing code.)
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[2]: tmp.Bpi8QYfp8j#poll
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[3]: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=allinurl%3Adocs.oracle.com+javase+docs+api+string
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[4]: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=allinurl%3Adocs.oracle.com+javase+docs+api+system
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[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/python-java-hello-world_0.png (Java vs. Python)
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@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Java vs. Python: Which should you choose?)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/java-vs-python)
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[#]: author: (Archit Modi https://opensource.com/users/architmodi)
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Java vs. Python：你应该选择哪个？
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======
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比较世界上最流行的两种编程语言，并在投票中让我们知道你喜欢哪一个。
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![Developing code.][1]
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让我们比较一下世界上两种最受欢迎、最强大的编程语言：Java 和 Python！这两种语言有巨大的社区支持和库来执行几乎任何编程任务，尽管选择编程语言通常取决于开发人员的场景。在比较和对比之后，请投票[分享你的观点][2]。
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### 是什么？
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* **Java** 是一门通用面向对象的编程语言，主要用于开发从移动端到 Web 到企业级应用的各种应用。
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* **Python** 是一门高级面向对象的编程语言，主要用于 Web 开发、人工智能、机器学习、自动化和其他数据科学应用。
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### 创建者
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* **Java** 是由 James Gosling（Sun Microsystems）创造的。
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* **Python** 是由 Guido van Rossum 创造的。
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### 开源状态
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* **Java** 是免费的，（大部分）开源，但商业用途除外。
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* **Python** 所有场景均免费。
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### 平台依赖
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* **Java** 根据它的 WORA (”一次编写，到处运行“)哲学，它是平台无关的。
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* **Python** 依赖于平台。
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### 编译或解释
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* **Java** 是一门编译语言。Java 程序在编译时转换为字节码，而不是运行时。
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* **Python** 是一门解释性语言。Python 程序在运行时进行解释。
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### 文件创建
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* **Java**：编译后生成 **<filename>.class** 文件。
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* **Python**：在运行期，创建 **<filename>.pyc** 文件
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### 错误类型
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* **Java** 有 2 种错误类型：编译和运行时错误。
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* **Python** 有 1 种错误类型：回溯（或运行时）错误。
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### 静态或动态类型
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* **Java** 是静态类型。当初始化变量时，需要在程序中指定变量的类型，因为类型检查是在编译时完成的。
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* **Python** 是动态类型。变量不需要在初始化时指定类型，因为类型检查是在运行时完成的。
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### 语法
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* **Java**：每个语句都需要以分号 （\*; ） 结尾，并且代码块由大括号 （ {} ） 分隔。
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* **Python**：代码块通过缩进分隔（用户可以选择要使用的空格数，但在整个块中应保持一致）。
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### 类的数量
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* **Java**：在 Java 中的单个文件中只能存在一个公有顶级类。
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* **Python**：Python 中的单个文件中可以存在任意数量的类。
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### 代码更多或更少？
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* **Java** 通常比 Python 要写更多代码行。
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* **Python**通常比 Java 要写更少代码行。
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### 多重继承
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* **Java** 不支持多重继承（从两个或多个基类继承）。
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* **Python** 支持多重继承，但由于继承复杂性、层次结构、依赖等各种问题，它很少实现。
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### 多线程
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* **Java** 多线程可以支持同时运行的两个或多个并发线程。
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* **Python** 使用全局解释器锁 （GIL），一次只允许运行单个线程 （ CPU 核）。
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### 执行速度
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* **Java** 的执行时间通常比 Python 快。
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* **Python** 的执行时间通常比 Java 慢。
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### Java 的 Hello world
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```
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public class Hello {
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public static void main([String][3][] args) {
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[System][4].out.println("Hello Opensource.com from Java!");
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}
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}
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```
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### Python 的 Hello world
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```
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`print("Hello Opensource.com from Java!")`
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```
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### 运行程序
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![Java vs. Python][5]
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要运行 java 程序 ”Hello.java“，你需要先编译它，这将创建一个 ”Hello.class“ 文件。只需运行类名 ”java Hello“。对于 Python，只需运行文件 ”python3 helloworld.py“。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/java-vs-python
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作者：[Archit Modi][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/architmodi
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/code_development_programming.png?itok=M_QDcgz5 (Developing code.)
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[2]: tmp.Bpi8QYfp8j#poll
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[3]: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=allinurl%3Adocs.oracle.com+javase+docs+api+string
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[4]: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=allinurl%3Adocs.oracle.com+javase+docs+api+system
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[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/python-java-hello-world_0.png (Java vs. Python)
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