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sources/share/20150227 Chess in a Few Bytes.md
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Chess in a Few Bytes
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================================================================================
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I am showing my age by mentioning that my introduction to computing was a ZX81, a home computer produced by a UK developer (Sinclair Research) which had a whopping 1KB of RAM. The 1KB is not a typographical error, the home computer really shipped with a mere 1KB of onboard memory. But this memory limitation did not prevent enthusiasts producing a huge variety of software. In fact the machine sparked a generation of programming wizards who were forced to get to grips with its workings. The machine was upgradable with a 16KB RAM pack which offered so many more coding possibilities. But the unexpanded 1KB machine still inspired programmers to release remarkable software.
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My favourite ZX81 games were Flight Simulation, 3D Monster Maze, Galaxians, and above all 1K ZX Chess. Only the latter was written for the unexpanded ZX81. In fact, David Horne's 1K ZX Chess was coded in a mere 672 bytes of RAM. However, the game managed to implement most chess rules, and offer a computer opponent. While some important rules were omitted (castling, pawn promotion, and en passant capture), it was still amazing to be able to play against artificial intelligence. The game took up a fair chunk of my misspent youth.
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1K ZX Chess remained the smallest implementation of chess on any computer for 33 years until the record was broken by BootChess this year, and subsequently by Toledo AtomChess. These three games do not implement all of the chess rules, so for completeness I have included my favourite small implementation of chess that implements a complete set of chess rules.
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Linux has a good range of extremely strong chess engines such as Stockfish, Critter, Togo II, Crafty, GNU Chess, and Komodo. The chess engines featured in this article offer no match to a good chess engine, but they show how much can be achieved with a minuscule codebase.
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----------
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You may have seen a considerable amount of press coverage about BootChess, a chess program written in 487 bytes of code, smashing the record of the then smallest chess program, 1K ZX Chess. Óscar Toledo Gutiérrez took up the mantle and decided to code an even more compact chess game. Toledo Atomchess is a mere 481 bytes of x86 assembly code which fits in a boot sector. The engine plays a reasonable game of chess given the limitations of its incredibly small codebase.
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Features include:
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- Basic chess movements
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- ASCII text representation of chess board
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- Moves are entered in algebraic form
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- Search depth of 3-ply
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Obviously, to fit the chess of game into 481 bytes, the author had to make some sacrifices. These limitations include:
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- No promotion of pawns
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- No castling
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- No en passant
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- No move validation
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The author has also written chess programs in C, JavaScript and Java; each are very small implementations of chess.
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- Website: [nanochess.org/chess6.html][1]
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- Developer: Óscar Toledo Gutiérrez
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- License: Free for non-commercial use
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- Version Number: -
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----------
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BootChess is an extremely small computer implementation of chess. The game is crammed into a mere 487 bytes and runs on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems. The board and pieces of BootChess are represented by text alone, with P representing pawns, Q used for the queens and full stops entered for empty squares.
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Features include:
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- Graphic text representation of chess board and use input
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- Bootsector sized (512 bytes) with a playable chess game
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- x86 bios hardware only bootstrap (no software dependencies)
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- All main legal moves including double square pawn start
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- Pawn promotion to queen (contrary to 1k ZX Chess)
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- CPU artificial intelligence called taxiMax > minMax half-ply
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- Hard-coded Spanish white pieces opening
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Again, there are some important limitations. Omissions include:
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- Under-promotion
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- En passant pawn capture
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- No castling
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- 3-repetition rule
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- 50 move draw rule
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- No opening or closing books
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- One or more minMax/negaMax full plies for artificial intelligence
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- Website: [www.pouet.net/prod.php?which=64962][2]
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- Developer: Olivier "Baudsurfer/RSi" Poudade
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- License: WTFPL v2
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- Version Number: .02
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----------
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Micro-Max is a 133-line chess source which is written in C
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The author has implemented a (hash) transposition table, the engine checks the legality of the input moves, and full FIDE rules except for for under-promotions.
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Features include:
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- Recursive negamax search
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- Quiescence search with recaptures
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- Recapture extensions
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- Iterative deepening
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- Best-move-first 'sorting'
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- Hash table storing score and best move
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- Full FIDE rules (except under promotion) and move-legality checking
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There is also a stripped-down 1433-character version, but allowing you to play under-promotions for full FIDE-rule compliance.
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- Website: [home.hccnet.nl/h.g.muller/max-src2.html][3]
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- Developer: Harm Geert Muller
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- License: The MIT License
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- Version Number: 3.2
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20150222033906262/ChessBytes.html
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作者：Frazer Kline
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://nanochess.org/chess6.html
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[2]:http://www.pouet.net/prod.php?which=64962
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[3]:http://home.hccnet.nl/h.g.muller/max-src2.html
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Bringing a Bunch of Best Known Linux Network Tools
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================================================================================
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It is very useful to use command line tools to monitor the network on your system and there are a tons of them out there available for the linux user such as nethogs, ntopng, nload, iftop, iptraf, bmon, slurm, tcptrack, cbm, netwatch, collectl, trafshow, cacti, etherape, ipband, jnettop, netspeed and speedometer.
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Since there are many linux gurus and developers out there it is obvious that other network monitoring tools exist but I am not going to cover all of them in this tutorial.
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Each one of the above tools has its own specifics but at the end all they do is monitor network traffic and there is not really only one way to do the job. For example nethogs can be used to show bandwidth per process in case you want to know the application which is consuming your entire network resources, iftop can be used to show bandwidth per socket connection and tools like nload help to get information about the overall bandwidth.
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### 1) nethogs ###
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nethogs is a free tool that is very handy when it comes to find out which PID is causing the trouble with your network traffic as it groups bandwidth by process instead of breaking the traffic down per protocol or per subnet, like most tools do. It is feature rich, supports both IPv4 and IPv6 and in my opinion is the best utility when you want to identify programs that are consuming all your bandwidth on your linux machine.
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A linux user can use **nethogs** to show TCP download and upload-speed per process, monitor a specific device by using the command **nethogs eth0** where eth0 is the name of the device you want to get information from and also get information on the speed at which the data is currently being transferred.
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To me nethogs is very easy to use, maybe because I like it so much that I use it all the time to monitor network bandwidth on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS machine.
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For example to sniff in promiscious the option -p is used like shown in the following command.
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nethogs -p wlan0
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If you like to learn more about nethogs and explore it in a very deep way than don't hesitate to read our full tutorial on this network bandwidth monitoring tool.
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### 2) nload ###
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nload is a console application which can be used to monitor network traffic and bandwidth usage in real time and it also visualizes the traffic by providing two easy to understand graphs. This cool network monitoring tool can also be used to switch between devices while monitoring and this can be done by pressing the left and right arrow keys.
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As you can see from the above screenshot graphs provided by the nload tool are very easy to understand, provide useful information and also display additional info like total amount of transferred data and min/max network usage.
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And what is even cooler is the fact that you can run the tool nload with the help of the following command which seems to be very short and easy to remember.
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nload
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I am very sure that our detailed tutorial on how to use nload will help new linux users and even experienced ones that are looking for more information on it.
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### 3) slurm ###
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slurm is another network load monitoring tool for linux which shows results in a nice ascii grap and it also supports many keys for interaction such as c to switch to classic mode, s to switch to split graph mode, **r** to redraw the screen, **L** to enable TX/RX led, **m** to switch between classic split and large view, and **q** to quit slurm.
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There are also some other keys available in the network load monitoring tool slurm and you can easily study them in the manual page by using the following command.
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man slurm
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slurm is available in the official repos of Ubuntu and Debian so users of these distros can easy download it by using the apt-get install command like shown below.
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sudo apt-get install slurm
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We have covered slurm usage on a tutorial so please visit it and do not forget to share the knowledge with other linux friends.
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### 4) iftop ###
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iftop is a very useful tool when you want to display bandwidth usage on an interface by host. According to the manual page **iftop** listens to network traffic on a named interface, or on the first
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interface it can find which looks like an external interface if none is specified, and displays a table of current bandwidth usage by pairs of hosts.
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Ubuntu and Debian users can easily install iftop on their machines by using the following command on a terminal.
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sudo apt-get install iftop
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Use the following command to install iftop on your machine using yum
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yum -y install iftop
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### 5) collectl ###
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collectl can be used to collect data that describes the current system status and it supports the following modes:
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- Record Mode
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- Playback Mode
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**Record Mode** allows to take data from a live system and either display it on a terminal or writte to one or more files or a socket.
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**Playback Mode**
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According to the manual pages in this mode data is read from one or more data files that were generated in Record Mode.
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Ubuntu and Debian users can use their default package manager to install collectl on their machines. The following command will do the job for them.
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sudo apt-get install collectl
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Use the following command because these distros have collectl in their official repos too.
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yum install collectl
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### 6) Netstat ###
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Netstat is a command line tool for **monitoring incoming** and **outgoing network packets statistics** as well as interface statistics. It displays network connections for the Transmission Control Protocol (both incoming and outgoing),routing tables, and a number of network interface (network interface controller or software-defined network interface) and network protocol statistics.
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Ubuntu and Debian users can use the default package manager to install netstat on their box. Netstat software includes inside the package net-tools. And can be installed by running the below commands in a shell or terminal:
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sudo apt-get install net-tools
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CentOS, Fedora, RHEL users can use the default package manager to install netstat on their box. Netstat software includes inside the package net-tools. And can be installed by running the below commands in a shell or terminal:
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yum install net-tools
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Simply, run the following to monitor the network packet statistic with Netstat:
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netstat
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For more information or manual about netstat, we can simply type man netstat in a shell or terminal:
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man netstat
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### 7) Netload ###
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The netload command just displays a small report on the current traffic load, and the total number of bytes transferred since the program start. No more features are there. Its part of the netdiag.
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We can install Netload using yum in fedora as it is in the default repository. But if you're running CentOS or RHEL, we'll need to install [rpmforge repository][1] .
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# yum install netdiag
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Netload is available in the default repository as a part of netdiag so, we can easily install **netdiag** using **apt** manager using the command below.
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$ sudo install netdiag
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To run netload, we must make sure to choose a working network interface name like eth0, eh1, wlan0, mon0, etc. And run the following command accordingly in a shell or a terminal.
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$ netload wlan2
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Note: Please replace wlan2 with the network interface name you wanna use. If you wanna scan for your network interface name run ip link show in a terminal or shell.
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### 8) Nagios ###
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Nagios is a leading open source powerful monitoring system that enables network/system administrators to identify and resolve server related problems before they affect major business processes. With the Nagios system, administrators can able to monitor remote Linux, Windows, Switches, Routers and Printers on a single window. It shows critical warnings and indicates if something went wrong in your network/server which indirectly helps you to begin remediation processes before they occur.
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Nagios has a web interface in which there is a graphical monitor of activities. One can login to the web interface by browsing to the url http://localhost/nagios/ or http://localhost/nagios3/ . Please replace localhost with your IP-address if on remote machine. Then enter the username and pass then, we'll get to see the information like shown below.
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### 9) EtherApe ###
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EtherApe is a graphical network monitor for Unix modeled after etherman. Featuring link layer, IP and TCP modes and support interfaces Ethernet, FDDI, Token Ring, ISDN, PPP, SLIP and WLAN devices, plus several encapsulation formats. Hosts and links change in size with traffic and color coded protocols display. It can filter traffic to be shown, and can read packets from a file as well as live from the network.
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It is easy to install etherape in CentOS, Fedora, RHEL distributions of Linux cause they are available default on their official repository. We can use yum manager to install it with the command shown below:
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yum install etherape
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We can install EtherApe on Ubuntu, Debian and their derivatives using **apt** manager with the below command.
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sudo apt-get install etherape
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After EtherApe is installed on the system, we'll need to run etherape in root permission as:
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sudo etherape
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Then, the **GUI** of **etherape** will be executed. Then, up in the menu we can select the **Mode** (IP, Link Layer, TCP) and **Interface** under **Capture**. After everything are set, we'll need to click **Start** button. Then, we'll gonna see something like this.
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### 10) tcpflow ###
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tcpflow is a command line utility that captures data transmitted as part of TCP connections (flows), and stores the data in a way that is convenient for protocol analysis or debugging. It reconstructs the actual data streams and stores each flow in a separate file for later analysis. It understands TCP sequence numbers and will correctly reconstruct data streams regardless of retransmissions or out-of-order delivery .
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Installing tcpflow in Ubuntu, Debian system is easy via **apt** manager as it is available by default in the official repository.
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$ sudo apt-get install tcpflow
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We can install tcpflow in Fedora, CentOS, RHEL and their derivatives from repository using **yum** manager as shown below.
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# yum install tcpflow
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If it is not available in the repository or can't be installed via yum manager, we need to install manually from **http://pkgs.repoforge.org/tcpflow/** as shown below.
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If you are running 64 bit PC:
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# yum install --nogpgcheck http://pkgs.repoforge.org/tcpflow/tcpflow-0.21-1.2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
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If you are running 32 bit PC:
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# yum install --nogpgcheck http://pkgs.repoforge.org/tcpflow/tcpflow-0.21-1.2.el6.rf.i686.rpm
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We can use tcpflow to capture all/some tcp traffic and put it in an easy to read file. The below command does what we want but we'll need to run that command in an empty directory as it creates files of the format x.x.x.x.y-a.a.a.a.z and after done, just press Control-C that command to stop it.
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$ sudo tcpflow -i eth0 port 8000
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Note: Please replace eth0 with the interface of the card you are trying to capture.
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### 11) IPTraf ###
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[IPTraf][2] is a console-based network statistics utility for Linux. It gathers a variety of figures such as TCP connection packet and byte counts, interface statistics and activity indicators, TCP/UDP traffic breakdowns, and LAN station packet and byte counts.
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IPTraf is available in the default repository so, we can easily install IPTraf using **apt** manager using the command below.
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$ sudo apt-get install iptraf
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IPTraf is available in the default repository so, we can easily install IPTraf using yum manager using the command below.
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# yum install iptraf
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We need to run TPTraf in administration permission with a valid network interface name. Here, we have wlan2 so, we'll be using wlan2 as interface name.
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$ sudo iptraf
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To start the general interface statistics, enter:
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# iptraf -g
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To see the detailed statistics facility on an interface called eth0
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# iptraf -d wlan2
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To see the TCP and UDP monitor on an interface called eth0
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# iptraf -z wlan2
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To displays the packet size counts on an interface called eth0
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# iptraf -z wlan2
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Note: Please replace wlan2 with your interface name. You can check your interface by running command ip link show .
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### 12) Speedometer ###
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Speedometer is a small and simple tool that just draws out good looking graphs of incoming and outgoing traffic through a given interface.
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|
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Speedometer is available in the default repository so, we can easily install Speedometer using yum manager using the command below.
|
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# yum install speedometer
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Speedometer is available in the default repository so, we can easily install Speedometer using apt manager using the command below.
|
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$ sudo apt-get install speedometer
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Speedometer can simply be run by executing the following command in a shell or a terminal.
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|
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$ speedometer -r wlan2 -t wlan2
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Note: Please replace wlan2 with the network interface name you would like to use.
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### 13) Netwatch ###
|
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|
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Netwatch is part of the netdiag collection of tools, and it too displays the connections between local host and other remote hosts, and the speed at which data is transferring on each connection.
|
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|
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We can install Netwatch using yum in fedora as it is in the default repository. But if you're running CentOS or RHEL, we'll need to install [rpmforge repository][3] .
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|
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# yum install netwatch
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Netwatch is available in the default repository as a part of netdiag so, we can easily install **netdiag** using **apt** manager using the command below.
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|
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$ sudo install netdiag
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To run netwatch, we'll need to execute the following command in a terminal or shell.
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$ sudo netwatch -e wlan2 -nt
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Note: Please replace wlan2 with the network interface name you wanna use. If you wanna scan for your network interface name run ip link show in a terminal or shell.
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### 14) Trafshow ###
|
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|
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Trafshow reports the current active connections like netwatch and pktstat, trafshow, their protocol and the data transfer speed on each connection. It can filter out connections using pcap type filters.
|
||||
|
||||
We can install Netwatch using yum in fedora as it is in the default repository. But if you're running CentOS or RHEL, we'll need to install [rpmforge repository][4] .
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install trafshow
|
||||
|
||||
Trafshow is available in the default repository so, we can easily install it using **apt** manager using the command below.
|
||||
|
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$ sudo install trafshow
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|
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To monitor using trafshow, we'll need to run the following command in a shell or terminal.
|
||||
|
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$ sudo trafshow -i wlan2
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|
||||
|
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To monitor specifically tcp connections add tcp as shown below.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo trafshow -i wlan2 tcp
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Note: Please replace wlan2 with the network interface name you wanna use. If you wanna scan for your network interface name run ip link show in a terminal or shell.
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|
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### 15) Vnstat ###
|
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Vnstat is bit different from most of the other tools. It actually runs a background service/daemon and keeps recording the size of data transfer all the time. Next it can be used to generate a report of the history of network usage.
|
||||
|
||||
We'll need to turn on EPEL Repository then run **yum** manager to install vnstat.
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install vnstat
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|
||||
Vnstat is available in the default repository. So, we can run **apt** manager to install it using the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install vnstat
|
||||
|
||||
Running vnstat without any options would simply show the total amount of data transfer that took place since the date the daemon is running.
|
||||
|
||||
$ vnstat
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To monitor the bandwidth usage in realtime, use the '-l' option (live mode). It would then show the total bandwidth used by incoming and outgoing data, but in a very precise manner without any internal details about host connections or processes.
|
||||
|
||||
$ vnstat -l
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
After done, press Ctrl-C to stop which will result the following type of output
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 16) tcptrack ###
|
||||
|
||||
[tcptrack][5] displays the status of TCP connections that it sees on a given network interface. tcptrack monitors their state and displays information such as state, source/destination addresses and bandwidth usage in a sorted, updated list very much like the **top** command.
|
||||
|
||||
As tcptrack is in the repository , we can simply install tcptrack in Debian, Ubuntu from their repository using apt manager. To do so, we'll need to execute the following command in a shell or terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install tcptrack
|
||||
|
||||
We can install it using yum in fedora as it is in the default repository. But if you're running CentOS or RHEL, we'll need to install [rpmforge repository][6] . To do so, we'll need to run the following commands.
|
||||
|
||||
# wget http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/x86_64/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
# rpm -Uvh rpmforge-release*rpm
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install tcptrack
|
||||
|
||||
Note: Here, we have downloaded current latest version of rpmforge-release ie 0.5.3-1 . You can always get the latest version from rpmforge repository and do replace with that you downloaded in the above command.
|
||||
|
||||
**tcptrack** needs to be run in root permission or superuser. We'll need to execute tcptrack with the network interface name we wanna monitor the TCP connections of. Here, we've wlan2 so will be using that as:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo tcptrack -i wlan2
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you wanna monitor of specific ports then:
|
||||
|
||||
# tcptrack -i wlan2 port 80
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Please replace 80 with the port number you wanna monitor .Note: Please replace wlan2 with the network interface name you wanna use. If you wanna scan for your network interface name run ip link show in a terminal or shell.
|
||||
|
||||
### 17) CBM ###
|
||||
|
||||
The CBM or Color Bandwidth Meter displays current traffic of all network device. This program is so simple that is should be self-explanatory. Source code and newer versions of CBM are available at [http://www.isotton.com/utils/cbm/][7] .
|
||||
|
||||
As CBM is in the repository , we can simply install CBM in Debian, Ubuntu from their repository using **apt** manager. To do so, we'll need to execute the following command in a shell or terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install cbm
|
||||
|
||||
We simply need to run cbm in a shell or terminal as shown below:
|
||||
|
||||
$ cbm
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 18) bmon ###
|
||||
|
||||
[Bmon][8] or Bandwidth Monitoring is a tool that intended for debugging and monitor bandwidth in real-time access. This tool is capable to retrieving statistics from various input modules. It provides various output methods including a curses based interface,lightweight HTML output but also formatable ASCII output.
|
||||
|
||||
bmon is available in the repository, so we can install it in Debian, Ubuntu from their repository using apt manager. To do so, we'll need to run the following command in a shell or terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install bmon
|
||||
|
||||
We can run bmon and monitor our bandwidth status using the command below.
|
||||
|
||||
$ bmon
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 19) tcpdump ###
|
||||
|
||||
[TCPDump][9] is a tool for network monitoring and data acquisition. It can save lots of time and can be used for debugging network or server related problems. It prints out a description of the contents of packets on a network interface that match the boolean expression.
|
||||
|
||||
tcpdump is available in the default repository of Debian, Ubuntu so, we can simply use apt manager to install it under sudo privilege . To do so, we'll need to run the following command in a shell or terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt -get install tcpdump
|
||||
|
||||
tcpdump is also available in the repository of Fedora, CentOS, RHEL so, we can install it via yum manager as:
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install tcpdump
|
||||
|
||||
tcpdump needs to be run in root permission or superuser. We'll need to execute tcpdump with the network interface name we wanna monitor the TCP connections of. Here, we've wlan2 so will be using it as:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo tcpdump -i wlan2
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to monitor to a specific port only, then can run the command as follows. Here is the example for port 80 (webserver).
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo tcpdump -i wlan2 'port 80'
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 20) ntopng ###
|
||||
|
||||
[ntopng][20] is the next generation version of the original ntop. It is a network probe that shows network usage in a way similar to what top does for processes. ntopng is based on libpcap and it has been written in a portable way in order to virtually run on every Unix platform, MacOSX and on Win32 as well.
|
||||
|
||||
To install ntopng in Debian, Ubuntu system, we'll first need to install the required **dependencies packages to compile ntopng**. You can install them all by running the below command in a shell or a terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install libpcap-dev libglib2.0-dev libgeoip-dev redis-server wget libxml2-dev build-essential checkinstall
|
||||
|
||||
Now, we'll need to manually compile ntopng for our system as:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/ntop/files/ntopng/ntopng-1.1_6932.tgz/download
|
||||
$ sudo tar zxfv ntopng-1.1_6932.tgz
|
||||
$ sudo cd ntopng-1.1_6932
|
||||
$ sudo ./configure
|
||||
$ sudo make
|
||||
$ sudo make install
|
||||
|
||||
Now, you should have your ntopng installed in your Debian or Ubuntu system.
|
||||
|
||||
We have already covered tutorial on ntopng usages. It is available in both command line and web interface. We can go ahead to get knowledge on it.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
In this first part we covered some network load monitoring tools for linux that are very helpful to a sysadmin and even a novice user. Each one of the tools covered in this article has its own specifics, different options but at the end they all help you to monitor your network traffic.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/monitoring-2/network-monitoring-tools-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Bobbin Zachariah][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/bobbin/
|
||||
[1]:http://pkgs.org/centos-7/repoforge-x86_64/netwatch-1.0c-1.el7.rf.x86_64.rpm.html
|
||||
[2]:http://iptraf.seul.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://pkgs.org/centos-7/repoforge-x86_64/netwatch-1.0c-1.el7.rf.x86_64.rpm.html
|
||||
[4]:http://pkgs.org/centos-6/epel-x86_64/trafshow-5.2.3-6.el6.x86_64.rpm.html
|
||||
[5]:http://linux.die.net/man/1/tcptrack
|
||||
[6]:http://pkgs.org/centos-6/repoforge-x86_64/tcptrack-1.4.0-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm.html
|
||||
[7]:http://www.isotton.com/utils/cbm/
|
||||
[8]:https://github.com/tgraf/bmon/
|
||||
[9]:http://www.tcpdump.org/
|
||||
[10]:http://www.ntop.org/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
|
||||
Enjoy Android Apps on Ubuntu using ARChon Runtime
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Before, we gave try to many android app emulating tools like Genymotion, Virtualbox, Android SDK, etc to try to run android apps on it. But, with this new Chrome Android Runtime, we are able to run Android Apps on our Chrome Browser. So, here are the steps we'll need to follow to install Android Apps on Ubuntu using ARChon Runtime.
|
||||
|
||||
Google had [announced the first set of Android apps is ready to run natively on Chrome OS][1], a feature made possible using a new ‘**Android Runtime**’ extension. Now, a developer named Vlad Filippov has figured out a way to bring Android Apps to Chrome on the desktop. His chromeos-apk script and ARChon Android Runtime extension work hand-in-hand to bring Android apps to Chrome browser on the Windows, Mac and Linux desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
Performance of this apps through the runtime is not pretty good. Similarly, as its both an unofficial repackaging of the official runtime and running outside of Google's Chrome OS, system integration like webcam, speakers, etc. may be patchy or non-existent.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing Chrome ###
|
||||
|
||||
First of all, we'll need Chrome installed in our machine, Chrome version 37 or higher is required. We can download them from the [download page of Chrome Browser][2].
|
||||
|
||||
If you wanna install a Dev Channel version you'll need to follow below procedure.
|
||||
|
||||
We'll need to add repository source list for Google Chrome which can be done my using the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
$ wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
|
||||
$ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list'
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
After adding the repository source list, we'll need to update the local repository index by the command below.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
Now, we'll gonna install google chrome unstable which is dev version.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install google-chrome-unstable
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing Archon Runtime ###
|
||||
|
||||
Next we'll need to download the custom-made ergo officially not endorsed by Google or Chromium Android Runtime created by Vlad Filippov. This differs from the official version in a number of ways, the chief being it can be used on desktop versions of the browser. Here below is the runtime we need to download, please select anyone of the following according to your bit of Ubuntu installed.
|
||||
|
||||
For **32-bit** Ubuntu Distributions:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download Archron for 32-bit Ubuntu][3]
|
||||
|
||||
For **64-bit** Ubuntu Distributions:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download Archron for 64-bit Ubuntu][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Once the runtime has fully downloaded you will need to extract the contents from the .zip files and move the resulting directory to Home. Here is the gist commands for this steps to download and extract the contents.
|
||||
|
||||
$ wget https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/releases/download/v3.0.0/ARChon-v1.1-x86_32.zip
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
$ unzip ARChon-v1.1-x86_32.zip ~/
|
||||
|
||||
Now to install the runtime, we'll gonna Open our latest Google Chrome and goto the url **chrome://extensions/** then, we'll need to check ‘**Enable developer mode**’. Finally, we'll gonna click on the ‘**load unpacked extension**’ button and select the folder which was placed into **~/Home**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing ChromeOS-APK ###
|
||||
|
||||
To convert APKs manually is something you really don’t need to do any more if you use one of the apps mentioned above — you will need to install the ‘[chromeos-apk][5]’ command line JavaScript utility. This is available to install through the Node Packaged Modules (npm) manager. To install nmp and chromeos-apk, we'll need to run the following command in a shell or terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install npm nodejs nodejs-legacy
|
||||
|
||||
**If you are running 64 bit OS**, you should grab the following library, to do so run the below commands in a shell or terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install lib32stdc++6
|
||||
|
||||
Now run the command to install the the latest chromeos-apk is:
|
||||
|
||||
$ npm install -g chromeos-apk@latest
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Depending on your system configuration you may need to need to run this latter command as sudo.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, we'll gonna for Google to find an APK of an app to give it a try, bearing in mind **not all Android apps will work**, and those that do may be unstable or lack features. Most of the messenger out of the box are not working.
|
||||
|
||||
### Converting APK ###
|
||||
|
||||
Place your **Android APK in ~/Home**, then return to **Terminal** to convert it using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ chromeos-apk myapp.apk --archon
|
||||
|
||||
If you want the app in fullscreen mode then run the following instead:
|
||||
|
||||
$ chromeos-apk myapp.apk --archon --tablet
|
||||
|
||||
Note: Please replace myapp.apk to the Android APK app filename you want to convert.
|
||||
|
||||
For our ease, we can also use [Twerk][6] for the conversion process if we want to skip this step.
|
||||
|
||||
### Running Android Apk ###
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, we'll need to open our chrome browser and then goto chrome://extensions page and enable developer mode then tap the ‘load unpacked extension’ button and select the folder the script above created.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, we can Open the Chrome App Launcher to run it.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
Hurray! We have successfully installed Android Apk App in our favorite desktop browser ie Chrome Browser. This article is all about the popular Chrome Android Runtime called Archon created by Vlad Filippov. This runtime allows us to run converted Apk files in our Chrome browser. It has not yet supported messaging apps like Whatsapp, etc. So, if you have any questions, suggestions, feedback please write them in the comment box below. Thank you ! Enjoy Archon :-)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/android-apps-ubuntu-archon-runtime/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
[1]:http://chrome.blogspot.com/2014/09/first-set-of-android-apps-coming-to.html
|
||||
[2]:https://www.google.com/chrome/browser
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/releases/download/v3.0.0/ARChon-v1.1-x86_32.zip
|
||||
[4]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/releases/download/v3.0.0/ARChon-v1.1-x86_64.zip
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/vladikoff/chromeos-apk/blob/master/README.md
|
||||
[6]:https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/twerk/jhdnjmjhmfihbfjdgmnappnoaehnhiaf
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
|
||||
Fix Minimal BASH like line editing is supported GRUB Error In Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
The other day when I [installed Elementary OS in dual boot with Windows][1], I encountered a Grub error at the reboot time. I was presented with command line with error message:
|
||||
|
||||
**Minimal BASH like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB lists possible command completions. anywhere else TAB lists possible device or file completions.**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Indeed this is not an error specific to Elementary OS. It is a common [Grub][2] error that could occur with any Linux OS be it Ubuntu, Fedora, Linux Mint etc.
|
||||
|
||||
In this post we shall see **how to fix this “minimal BASH like line editing is supported” Grub error in Ubuntu** based Linux systems.
|
||||
|
||||
> You can read this tutorial to fix similar and more frequent issue, [error: no such partition grub rescue in Linux][3].
|
||||
|
||||
### Prerequisites ###
|
||||
|
||||
To fix this issue, you would need the followings:
|
||||
|
||||
- A live USB or disk of the same OS and same version
|
||||
- A working internet connection in the live session
|
||||
|
||||
Once you make sure that you have the prerequisites, let’s see how to fix the black screen of death for Linux (if I can call it that ;)).
|
||||
|
||||
### How to fix this “minimal BASH like line editing is supported” Grub error in Ubuntu based Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
I know that you might point out that this Grub error is not exclusive to Ubuntu or Ubuntu based Linux distributions, then why am I putting emphasis on the world Ubuntu? The reason is, here we will take an easy way out and use a tool called **Boot Repair** to fix our problem. I am not sure if this tool is available for other distributions like Fedora. Without wasting anymore time, let’s see how to solve minimal BASH like line editing is supported Grub error.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 1: Boot in lives session ###
|
||||
|
||||
Plug in the live USB and boot in to the live session.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 2: Install Boot Repair ###
|
||||
|
||||
Once you are in the lives session, open the terminal and use the following commands to install Boot Repair:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install boot-repair
|
||||
|
||||
Note: Follow this tutorial to [fix failed to fetch cdrom apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs error][4], if you encounter it while running the above command.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 3: Repair boot with Boot Repair ###
|
||||
|
||||
Once you installed Boot Repair, run it from the command line using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
boot-repair &
|
||||
|
||||
Actually things are pretty straight forward from here. You just need to follow the instructions provided by Boot Repair tool. First, click on **Recommended repair** option in the Boot Repair.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
It will take couple of minutes for Boot Repair to analyze the problem with boot and Grub. Afterwards, it will provide you some commands to use in the command line. Copy the commands one by one in terminal. For me it showed me a screen like this:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
It will do some processes after you enter these commands:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Once the process finishes, it will provide you a URL which consists of the logs of the boot repair. If your boot issue is not fixed even now, you can go to the forum or mail to the dev team and provide them the URL as a reference. Cool, isn’t it?
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
After the boot repair finishes successfully, shutdown your computer, remove the USB and boot again. For me it booted successfully but added two additional lines in the Grub screen. Something which was not of importance to me as I was happy to see the system booting normally again.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Did it work for you? ###
|
||||
|
||||
So this is how I fixed **minimal BASH like line editing is supported Grub error in Elementary OS Freya**. How about you? Did it work for you? Feel free to ask a question or drop a suggestion in the comment box below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-minimal-bash-line-editing-supported-grub-error-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://itsfoss.com/guide-install-elementary-os-luna/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/
|
||||
[3]:http://itsfoss.com/solve-error-partition-grub-rescue-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[4]:http://itsfoss.com/fix-failed-fetch-cdrom-aptget-update-add-cdroms/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
|
||||
How To Fix: Failed to fetch cdrom apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
These days I am experimenting with Elementary OS Freya and during this, I encountered a very common updater error: **Failed to fetch cdrom Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs**. The complete error looked like this after running the apt-get update command:
|
||||
|
||||
> W: Failed to fetch cdrom://elementary OS 0.3 _Freya_ – Daily amd64 (20150208)/dists/trusty/main/binary-amd64/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
|
||||
>
|
||||
> W: Failed to fetch cdrom://elementary OS 0.3 _Freya_ – Daily amd64 (20150208)/dists/trusty/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
|
||||
>
|
||||
> E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
|
||||
|
||||
In this post, we shall see how to fix this error.
|
||||
|
||||
### Fix Failed to fetch cdrom apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs error ###
|
||||
|
||||
The reason for this error is that cdrom has been included as one of the the sources here. And to fix this issue, we need to remove this from the list of software sources.
|
||||
|
||||
In Ubuntu, look for Software & Updates:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
In the first tab Ubuntu Software, look for the cdrom, if it’s checked, uncheck it.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Close the Software Sources and run the update again. It should work fine now.
|
||||
|
||||
### Further troubleshoot: ###
|
||||
|
||||
The method described above should have fixed this **apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs** error. But this was not the case for me because the option of cdrom was already grayed out as I was using live session.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Now to fix our error, we shall take the command line route. Open a terminal and use the following line to see what is included in sources list:
|
||||
|
||||
cat /etc/apt/sources.list
|
||||
|
||||
The output for me was as following:
|
||||
|
||||
deb cdrom:[elementary OS 0.3 _Freya_ – Daily amd64 (20150208)]/ trusty main restricted
|
||||
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
|
||||
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
|
||||
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
|
||||
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
|
||||
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
|
||||
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
|
||||
|
||||
Look at the first line in the above list. It includes cdrom. We need to comment out this line by adding # in front of it to make it look like this:
|
||||
|
||||
#deb cdrom:[elementary OS 0.3 _Freya_ – Daily amd64 (20150208)]/ trusty main restricted
|
||||
|
||||
To do that use the command below:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have edited the sources.list, run the apt-get update once again. The error apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs should have been fixed. If you are facing any other update issue, do look at this article which is a collection of most [common Ubuntu update error fixes][1].
|
||||
|
||||
I hope you found this tutorial helpful. If you have any questions or suggestions, feel free to drop a comment.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-failed-fetch-cdrom-aptget-update-add-cdroms/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://itsfoss.com/fix-update-errors-ubuntu-1404/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
|
||||
How to Install Lightweight Budgie ( v8) Desktop in Ubuntu 14.04
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Budgie is the flagship desktop of the Evolve OS Linux Distribution, and is an Evolve OS project. Designed with the modern user in mind, it focuses on simplicity and elegance. A huge advantage for the Budgie desktop is that it is not a fork of another project, but rather one written from scratch with integration in mind.
|
||||
|
||||
The [Budgie Desktop][1] tightly integrates with the GNOME stack, employing underlying technologies to offer an alternative desktop experience. In the spirit of open source, the project is compatible with and available for other Linux distributions.
|
||||
|
||||
Also note that Budgie can now emulate the look and feel of the GNOME 2 desktop, optionally, via a setting in the panel preferences.
|
||||
|
||||
### Features in the 0.8 release ###
|
||||
|
||||
- IconTasklist: Add pinning support
|
||||
- IconTasklist: Use .desktop files for quicklists
|
||||
- IconTasklist: Use .desktop files for icon resolution
|
||||
- IconTasklist: Support “attention” hint (blue blink)
|
||||
- Panel: Support dark theme (used by default)
|
||||
- Add Menubar applet
|
||||
- Panel: Initial autohide support (manual, not automatic)
|
||||
- Panel: Support shadow onall screen edges
|
||||
- Panel: Dynamic support for gnome panel theming
|
||||
- RunDialog: Complete visual refresh (bootiful)
|
||||
- BudgieMenu: Add compact mode, use by default
|
||||
- BudgieMenu: Sort items by usage
|
||||
- BudgieMenu: Remove old power option
|
||||
- Editor: Add all menu options to UI
|
||||
- Support from GNOME 3.10 up to 3.16 (unreleased, git)
|
||||
- wm: Kill workspace animation (resolve after v8)
|
||||
- wm: Better animations for changing of wallpapers
|
||||
|
||||
### Important information ###
|
||||
|
||||
- Budgie [released version 0.8][2] so it is still in development and a beta.
|
||||
- No nnative network management; can be fixed by using Ubuntu's applet.
|
||||
- Budgie is intended for the Evolve OS so even with this PPA it might be buggy.
|
||||
- GNOME themes work better than the native Ubuntu themes.
|
||||
- Ubuntu’s overlay scrollbars are not working.
|
||||
- If you want to read more visit the Evolve OS website.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation ###
|
||||
|
||||
Now, we'll install our Lightweight Budgie Desktop in our Ubuntu 14.04 LTS "Trusty" distribution of Linux Operating System. First of all, we'll need to add ppa repository to our Ubuntu PC. To do so, we'll need to execute the below command in a shell or terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:evolve-os/ppa
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Now, after we finish adding PPA to our Ubuntu Computer, we'll need to update the local repository index in it. It can be done by running the following command in the same terminal or shell after above is done.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
Then, finally, we'll install the one and only Budgie Desktop Environment in our Ubuntu machine running the latest version 14.04 LTS.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install budgie-desktop
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Notes**
|
||||
|
||||
It is in active development and features remain missing, including, but not limited to: no network management support, no volume control applet (keyboard keys will work fine), no notification system and no way to ‘pin’ apps to the task bar.
|
||||
|
||||
As a workaround you can disable overlay scrollbars, set a different default theme and quit a session from the terminal using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ gnome-session-quit
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Log into the Budgie Session ###
|
||||
|
||||
After installation is completed, we’ll be able to select ‘Budgie’ from the session selector of the Unity Greeter. For that, we'll need to logout the current user and get back to the login screen. Then, we'll be able to switch to Budgie Desktop Environment.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Budgie Desktop Environment ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Logging Out ###
|
||||
|
||||
You can simply execute **budgie-session --logout** in a shell or terminal to logout it.
|
||||
|
||||
$ budgie-sessioon --logout
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
Hurray! We have successfully installed our Lightweight Budgie Desktop Environment in our Ubuntu 14.04 LTS "Trusty" box. As we know, Budgie Desktop is still underdevelopment which makes it a lot of stuffs missing. Though it’s based on Gnome’s GTK3, it’s not a fork. The desktop is written completely from scratch, and the design is elegant and well thought out. If you have any questions, comments, feedback please do write on the comment box below and let us know what stuffs needs to be added or improved. Thank You! Enjoy Budgie Desktop 0.8 :-)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/install-lightweight-budgie-v8-desktop-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
[1]:https://evolve-os.com/budgie/
|
||||
[2]:https://evolve-os.com/2014/11/16/courageous-budgie-v8-released/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user