From 9115a06bddc85f2c9ebd70df60ba23f33918d558 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: darksun Date: Wed, 7 Mar 2018 17:01:11 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=2011=20awesome=20vi=20tips?= =?UTF-8?q?=20and=20tricks?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../20180214 11 awesome vi tips and tricks.md | 98 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 98 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/talk/20180214 11 awesome vi tips and tricks.md diff --git a/sources/talk/20180214 11 awesome vi tips and tricks.md b/sources/talk/20180214 11 awesome vi tips and tricks.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8e75cf0503 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20180214 11 awesome vi tips and tricks.md @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +11 awesome vi tips and tricks +====== + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/keyboaord_enter_writing_documentation.jpg?itok=kKrnXc5h) + +The [vi editor][1] is one of the most popular text editors on Unix and Unix-like systems, such as Linux. Whether you're new to vi or just looking for a refresher, these 11 tips will enhance how you use it. + +### Editing + +Editing a long script can be tedious, especially when you need to edit a line so far down that it would take hours to scroll to it. Here's a faster way. + + 1. The command `:set number` numbers each line down the left side. + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/setnum.png?itok=sFVA97mG) + +You can directly reach line number 26 by opening the file and entering this command on the CLI: `vi +26 sample.txt`. To edit line 26 (for example), the command `:26` will take you directly to it. + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/number.png?itok=d7FE0LL3) + +### Fast navigation + + 2. `i` changes your mode from "command" to "insert" and starts inserting text at the current cursor position. + 3. `a` does the same, except it starts just after the current cursor position. + 4. `o` starts the cursor position from the line below the current cursor position. + + + +### Delete + +If you notice an error or typo, being able to make a quick fix is important. Good thing vi has it all figured out. + +Understanding vi's delete function so you don't accidentally press a key and permanently remove a line, paragraph, or more, is critical. + + 5. `x` deletes the character under the cursor. + 6. `dd` deletes the current line. (Yes, the whole line!) + + + +Here's the scary part: `30dd` would delete 30 lines starting with the current line! Proceed with caution when using this command. + +### Search + +You can search for keywords from the "command" mode rather than manually navigating and looking for a specific word in a plethora of text. + + 7. `:/` searches for the word mentioned in the `< >` space and takes your cursor to the first match. + 8. To navigate to the next instance of that word, type `n`, and keep pressing it until you get to the match you're looking for. + + + +For example, in the image below I searched for `ssh`, and vi highlighted the beginning of the first result. + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/ssh-search.png?itok=tJ-7FujH) + +After I pressed `n`, vi highlighted the next instance. + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/n-search.png?itok=wU-u3LiI) + +### Save and exit + +Developers (and others) will probably find this next command useful. + + 9. `:x` saves your work and exits vi. + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/x.png?itok=kfoHx84m) + + 10. If you think every nanosecond is worth saving, here's a faster way to shift to terminal mode in vi. Instead of pressing `Shift+:` on the keyboard, you can press `Shift+q` (or Q, in caps) to access [Ex mode][2], but this doesn't really make any difference if you just want to save and quit by typing `x` (as shown above). + + + +### Substitution + +Here is a neat trick if you want to substitute every occurrence of one word with another. For example, if you want to substitute "desktop" with "laptop" in a large file, it would be monotonous and waste time to search for each occurrence of "desktop," delete it, and type "laptop." + + 11. The command `:%s/desktop/laptop/g` would replace each occurrence of "desktop" with "laptop" throughout the file; it works just like the Linux `sed` command. + + + +In this example, I replaced "root" with "user": + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/subs-command.png?itok=M8MN72sp) + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/u128651/subs-result.png?itok=34zzVdUt) + +These tricks should help anyone get started using vi. Are there other neat tips I missed? Share them in the comments. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/1/top-11-vi-tips-and-tricks + +作者：[Archit Modi][a] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://opensource.com/users/architmodi +[1]:http://ex-vi.sourceforge.net/ +[2]:https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Learning_the_vi_Editor/Vim/Modes#Ex-mode