diff --git a/sources/tech/20210921 Run containers on your Mac with Lima.md b/sources/tech/20210921 Run containers on your Mac with Lima.md deleted file mode 100644 index 58f388a3e8..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20210921 Run containers on your Mac with Lima.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,157 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Run containers on your Mac with Lima" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/9/run-containers-mac-lima" -[#]: author: "Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Run containers on your Mac with Lima -====== -Lima can help overcome the challenges of running containers on a Mac. -![Containers for shipping overseas][1] - -Running containers on your Mac can be a challenge. After all, containers are based on Linux-specific technologies like cgroups and namespaces. - -Luckily, macOS has a built-in hypervisor, allowing virtual machines (VMs) on the Mac. The hypervisor is a low-level kernel feature, not a user-facing one. - -Enter `hyperkit`, an [open source project][2] that will run VMs using the macOS hypervisor. The `hyperkit` tool is designed to be a "minimalist" VM runner. Unlike, say, VirtualBox, it does not come with fancy UI features to manage VMs. - -You can grab `hyperkit`, a minimalist Linux distribution running a container manager, and plumb all the pieces together. This would be a lot of moving parts, and sounds like a lot of work. Especially if you want to make the network connections a bit more seamless by using `vpnkit`, an open source project to create a VM's network that feels more like part of the host's network. - -### Lima - -There is no reason to go to all that effort, when [the `lima` project][3] has figured out the details. One of the easiest ways to get `lima` running is with [Homebrew][4]. You can install `lima` with this command: - - -``` -`$ brew install lima` -``` - -After installation, which might take a while, it is time to begin having some fun. In order to let `lima` know you are ready for some fun, you need to start it. Here's the command: - - -``` -`$ limactl start` -``` - -If this is your first time, you will be asked if you like the defaults or whether you want to change any of them. The defaults are pretty safe, but I like to live on the wild side. This is why I jump into an editor and make the following modifications from: - - -``` - - location: "~" -    # CAUTION: `writable` SHOULD be false for the home directory. -    # Setting `writable` to true is possible but untested and dangerous. -    writable: false -``` - -to: - - -``` -  - location: "~" -    # I *also* like to live dangerously -- Austin Powers -    writable: true -``` - -As it says in the comment, this can be dangerous. Many existing workflows, sadly, depend on this mounting to be read-write. - -By default, `lima` runs `containerd` to manage containers. The `containerd` manager is also a pretty frill-less one. While it is not uncommon to use a wrapper daemon, like `dockerd`, to add those nice-to-have ergonomics, there is another way. - -### The nerdctl tool - -The `nerdctl` tool is a drop-in replacement for the Docker client which puts those features in the client, not the server. The `lima` tool allows running `nerdctl` without installing it locally, directly from inside the VM. - -Putting it all together, it is time to run a container! This container will run an HTTP server. You can create the files on your Mac: - - -``` -$ ls -index.html -$ cat index.html -hello -``` - -Now, mount and forward the ports: - - -``` -$ lima nerdctl run --rm -it -p 8000:8000 -v $(pwd):/html --entrypoint bash python -root@9486145449ab:/# -``` - -Inside the container, run a simple web server: - - -``` -$ lima nerdctl run --rm -it -p 8000:8000 -v $(pwd):/html --entrypoint bash python -root@9486145449ab:/# cd /html/ -root@9486145449ab:/html# python -m http.server 8000 -Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 () ... -``` - -From a different terminal, you can check that everything looks good: - - -``` -$ curl localhost:8000 -hello -``` - -Back on the container, there is a log message documenting the HTTP client's connection: - - -``` -`10.4.0.1 - - [09/Sep/2021 14:59:08] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -` -``` - -One file is not enough, so times to make some things better. **CTRL-C** the server, and add another file: - - -``` -^C -Keyboard interrupt received, exiting. -root@9486145449ab:/html# echo goodbye > foo.html -root@9486145449ab:/html# python -m http.server 8000 -Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 () ... -``` - -Check that you can see the new file: - - -``` -$ curl localhost:8000/foo.html -goodbye -``` - -### Wrap up - -To recap, installing `lima` takes a while, but after you are done, you can do the following: - - * Run containers. - * Mount arbitrary sub-directories of your home directory into containers. - * Edit files in those directories. - * Run network servers that appear to Mac programs like they are running on localhost. - - - -All with `lima nerdctl`. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/run-containers-mac-lima - -作者：[Moshe Zadka][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/containers_2015-2-osdc-lead.png?itok=kAfHrBoy (Containers for shipping overseas) -[2]: https://www.docker.com/blog/docker-unikernels-open-source/ -[3]: https://github.com/lima-vm/lima -[4]: https://brew.sh/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20210921 Run containers on your Mac with Lima.md b/translated/tech/20210921 Run containers on your Mac with Lima.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b1b8c06525 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20210921 Run containers on your Mac with Lima.md @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +[#]: subject: "Run containers on your Mac with Lima" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/9/run-containers-mac-lima" +[#]: author: "Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +用 Lima 在你的 Mac 上运行容器 +====== +Lima 可以帮助克服在 Mac 上运行容器的挑战。 +![Containers for shipping overseas][1] + +在你的 Mac 上运行容器可能是一个挑战。毕竟，容器是基于 Linux 特有的技术，如 cgroups 和命名空间。 + +幸运的是，macOS 拥有一个内置的虚拟机监控程序，允许在 Mac 上运行虚拟机（VM）。虚拟机监控程序是一个底层的内核功能，而不是一个面向用户的功能。 + +`hyperkit`，一个可以使用 macOS 虚拟机监控程序运行虚拟机的[开源项目][2]。`hyperkit` 被设计成一个“最小化”的虚拟机运行器。与 VirtualBox 不同，它没有花哨的 UI 功能来管理虚拟机。 + +你可以获取 `hyperkit`，一个运行容器管理器的极简 Linux 发行版，并将所有部分组合在一起。 这将有很多变动组件，且听起来像有很多工作。特别是如果你想通过使用 `vpnkit` （一个开源项目，用于创建感觉更像是主机网络一部分的 VM 网络）使网络连接更加无缝。 + +### Lima + +当 [`lima` 项目][3]已经解决了细节问题时，就没有理由再去做这些努力了。让 `lima` 运行的最简单方法之一是使用 [Homebrew][4]。你可以用这个命令安装 `lima`： + + +``` +`$ brew install lima` +``` + +安装后，可能需要一些时间，就享受一些乐趣了。为了让 `lima` 知道你已经准备好了，你需要启动它。下面是命令： + + +``` +`$ limactl start` +``` + +如果这是你的第一次，你会被问到是否喜欢默认值，或者是否要改变其中的任何一项。默认值是非常安全的，但我喜欢生活在疯狂的一面。这就是为什么我跳进一个编辑器，从以下地方进行修改： + + +``` +- location: "~" + # CAUTION: `writable` SHOULD be false for the home directory. + # Setting `writable` to true is possible but untested and dangerous. + writable: false +``` + +变成： + + +``` + - location: "~" + # I *also* like to live dangerously -- Austin Powers + writable: true +``` + +正如评论中所说，这可能是危险的。可悲的是，许多现有的工作流程都依赖于挂载是可读写的。 + +By default, `lima` runs `containerd` to manage containers. The `containerd` manager is also a pretty frill-less one. While it is not uncommon to use a wrapper daemon, like `dockerd`, to add those nice-to-have ergonomics, there is another way. +默认情况下，`lima` 运行 `containerd` 来管理容器。`containerd` 管理器也是一个非常简洁的管理器。虽然使用一个包装的守护程序，如 `dockerd`，来增加这些漂亮的工效是很常见的，但也有另一种方法。 + +### nerdctl 工具 + +`nerdctl` 工具是 Docker 客户端的直接替换，它将这些功能放在客户端，而不是服务器上。`lima` 工具允许运行 `nerdctl` 而不需要在本地安装，直接从虚拟机内部运行。 + +做完这些后，可以运行一个容器了！这个容器将运行一个 HTTP 服务器。你可以在你的 Mac 上创建这些文件： + +``` +$ ls +index.html +$ cat index.html +hello +``` + +现在，挂载并转发端口： + + +``` +$ lima nerdctl run --rm -it -p 8000:8000 -v $(pwd):/html --entrypoint bash python +root@9486145449ab:/# +``` + +在容器内，运行一个简单的 Web 服务器： + + +``` +$ lima nerdctl run --rm -it -p 8000:8000 -v $(pwd):/html --entrypoint bash python +root@9486145449ab:/# cd /html/ +root@9486145449ab:/html# python -m http.server 8000 +Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 () ... +``` + +在另一个终端，你可以检查一切看起来都很好： + + +``` +$ curl localhost:8000 +hello +``` + +回到容器上，有一条记录 HTTP 客户端连接的日志信息： + + +``` +`10.4.0.1 - - [09/Sep/2021 14:59:08] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -` +``` + +一个文件是不够的，所以还要做些优化。 在服务器上执行 **CTRL-C**，并添加另一个文件： + + +``` +^C +Keyboard interrupt received, exiting. +root@9486145449ab:/html# echo goodbye > foo.html +root@9486145449ab:/html# python -m http.server 8000 +Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 () ... +``` + +检查你是否能看到新的文件： + + +``` +$ curl localhost:8000/foo.html +goodbye +``` + +### 总结 + +总结一下，安装 `lima` 需要一些时间，但完成后，你可以做以下事情： + + * 运行容器。 + * 将你的主目录中的任意子目录挂载到容器中。 + * 编辑这些目录中的文件。 + * 运行网络服务器，在 Mac 程序看来，它们是在 localhost 上运行的。 + + + +这些都是通过 `lima nerdctl` 实现的。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/run-containers-mac-lima + +作者：[Moshe Zadka][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/containers_2015-2-osdc-lead.png?itok=kAfHrBoy (Containers for shipping overseas) +[2]: https://www.docker.com/blog/docker-unikernels-open-source/ +[3]: https://github.com/lima-vm/lima +[4]: https://brew.sh/