document/TranslateProject
2
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git synced 2025-02-03 23:40:14 +08:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Merge pull request #23362 from geekpi/translating

Browse Source 
translated
This commit is contained in:
geekpi 2021-09-26 08:47:28 +08:00 committed by GitHub
commit 427e812ef2
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG Key ID: 4AEE18F83AFDEB23
2 changed files with 157 additions and 157 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

157
sources/tech/20210921 Run containers on your Mac with Lima.md
View File

@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
[#]: subject: "Run containers on your Mac with Lima"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/9/run-containers-mac-lima"
[#]: author: "Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Run containers on your Mac with Lima
======
Lima can help overcome the challenges of running containers on a Mac.
![Containers for shipping overseas][1]
Running containers on your Mac can be a challenge. After all, containers are based on Linux-specific technologies like cgroups and namespaces.
Luckily, macOS has a built-in hypervisor, allowing virtual machines (VMs) on the Mac. The hypervisor is a low-level kernel feature, not a user-facing one.
Enter `hyperkit`, an [open source project][2] that will run VMs using the macOS hypervisor. The `hyperkit` tool is designed to be a "minimalist" VM runner. Unlike, say, VirtualBox, it does not come with fancy UI features to manage VMs.
You can grab `hyperkit`, a minimalist Linux distribution running a container manager, and plumb all the pieces together. This would be a lot of moving parts, and sounds like a lot of work. Especially if you want to make the network connections a bit more seamless by using `vpnkit`, an open source project to create a VM's network that feels more like part of the host's network.
### Lima
There is no reason to go to all that effort, when [the `lima` project][3] has figured out the details. One of the easiest ways to get `lima` running is with [Homebrew][4]. You can install `lima` with this command:
```
`$ brew install lima`
```
After installation, which might take a while, it is time to begin having some fun. In order to let `lima` know you are ready for some fun, you need to start it. Here's the command:
```
`$ limactl start`
```
If this is your first time, you will be asked if you like the defaults or whether you want to change any of them. The defaults are pretty safe, but I like to live on the wild side. This is why I jump into an editor and make the following modifications from:
```
 - location: "~"
    # CAUTION: `writable` SHOULD be false for the home directory.
    # Setting `writable` to true is possible but untested and dangerous.
    writable: false
```
to:
```
  - location: "~"
    # I *also* like to live dangerously -- Austin Powers
    writable: true
```
As it says in the comment, this can be dangerous. Many existing workflows, sadly, depend on this mounting to be read-write.
By default, `lima` runs `containerd` to manage containers. The `containerd` manager is also a pretty frill-less one. While it is not uncommon to use a wrapper daemon, like `dockerd`, to add those nice-to-have ergonomics, there is another way.
### The nerdctl tool
The `nerdctl` tool is a drop-in replacement for the Docker client which puts those features in the client, not the server. The `lima` tool allows running `nerdctl` without installing it locally, directly from inside the VM.
Putting it all together, it is time to run a container! This container will run an HTTP server. You can create the files on your Mac:
```
$ ls
index.html
$ cat index.html
hello
```
Now, mount and forward the ports:
```
$ lima nerdctl run --rm -it -p 8000:8000 -v $(pwd):/html --entrypoint bash python
root@9486145449ab:/#
```
Inside the container, run a simple web server:
```
$ lima nerdctl run --rm -it -p 8000:8000 -v $(pwd):/html --entrypoint bash python
root@9486145449ab:/# cd /html/
root@9486145449ab:/html# python -m http.server 8000
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 (<http://0.0.0.0:8000/>) ...
```
From a different terminal, you can check that everything looks good:
```
$ curl localhost:8000
hello
```
Back on the container, there is a log message documenting the HTTP client's connection:
```
`10.4.0.1 - - [09/Sep/2021 14:59:08] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -`
```
One file is not enough, so times to make some things better. **CTRL-C** the server, and add another file:
```
^C
Keyboard interrupt received, exiting.
root@9486145449ab:/html# echo goodbye &gt; foo.html
root@9486145449ab:/html# python -m http.server 8000
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 (<http://0.0.0.0:8000/>) ...
```
Check that you can see the new file:
```
$ curl localhost:8000/foo.html
goodbye
```
### Wrap up
To recap, installing `lima` takes a while, but after you are done, you can do the following:
* Run containers.
* Mount arbitrary sub-directories of your home directory into containers.
* Edit files in those directories.
* Run network servers that appear to Mac programs like they are running on localhost.
All with `lima nerdctl`.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/run-containers-mac-lima
作者：[Moshe Zadka][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/containers_2015-2-osdc-lead.png?itok=kAfHrBoy (Containers for shipping overseas)
[2]: https://www.docker.com/blog/docker-unikernels-open-source/
[3]: https://github.com/lima-vm/lima
[4]: https://brew.sh/

157
translated/tech/20210921 Run containers on your Mac with Lima.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
[#]: subject: "Run containers on your Mac with Lima"
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/9/run-containers-mac-lima"
[#]: author: "Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez"
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
用 Lima 在你的 Mac 上运行容器
======
Lima 可以帮助克服在 Mac 上运行容器的挑战。
![Containers for shipping overseas][1]
在你的 Mac 上运行容器可能是一个挑战。毕竟，容器是基于 Linux 特有的技术，如 cgroups 和命名空间。
幸运的是，macOS 拥有一个内置的虚拟机监控程序，允许在 Mac 上运行虚拟机（VM）。虚拟机监控程序是一个底层的内核功能，而不是一个面向用户的功能。
`hyperkit`，一个可以使用 macOS 虚拟机监控程序运行虚拟机的[开源项目][2]。`hyperkit` 被设计成一个“最小化”的虚拟机运行器。与 VirtualBox 不同，它没有花哨的 UI 功能来管理虚拟机。
你可以获取 `hyperkit`，一个运行容器管理器的极简 Linux 发行版，并将所有部分组合在一起。 这将有很多变动组件，且听起来像有很多工作。特别是如果你想通过使用 `vpnkit` （一个开源项目，用于创建感觉更像是主机网络一部分的 VM 网络）使网络连接更加无缝。
### Lima
当 [`lima` 项目][3]已经解决了细节问题时，就没有理由再去做这些努力了。让 `lima` 运行的最简单方法之一是使用 [Homebrew][4]。你可以用这个命令安装 `lima`：
```
`$ brew install lima`
```
安装后，可能需要一些时间，就享受一些乐趣了。为了让 `lima` 知道你已经准备好了，你需要启动它。下面是命令：
```
`$ limactl start`
```
如果这是你的第一次，你会被问到是否喜欢默认值，或者是否要改变其中的任何一项。默认值是非常安全的，但我喜欢生活在疯狂的一面。这就是为什么我跳进一个编辑器，从以下地方进行修改：
```
- location: "~"
# CAUTION: `writable` SHOULD be false for the home directory.
# Setting `writable` to true is possible but untested and dangerous.
writable: false
```
变成：
```
- location: "~"
# I *also* like to live dangerously -- Austin Powers
writable: true
```
正如评论中所说，这可能是危险的。可悲的是，许多现有的工作流程都依赖于挂载是可读写的。
By default, `lima` runs `containerd` to manage containers. The `containerd` manager is also a pretty frill-less one. While it is not uncommon to use a wrapper daemon, like `dockerd`, to add those nice-to-have ergonomics, there is another way.
默认情况下，`lima` 运行 `containerd` 来管理容器。`containerd` 管理器也是一个非常简洁的管理器。虽然使用一个包装的守护程序，如 `dockerd`，来增加这些漂亮的工效是很常见的，但也有另一种方法。
### nerdctl 工具
`nerdctl` 工具是 Docker 客户端的直接替换，它将这些功能放在客户端，而不是服务器上。`lima` 工具允许运行 `nerdctl` 而不需要在本地安装，直接从虚拟机内部运行。
做完这些后，可以运行一个容器了！这个容器将运行一个 HTTP 服务器。你可以在你的 Mac 上创建这些文件：
```
$ ls
index.html
$ cat index.html
hello
```
现在，挂载并转发端口：
```
$ lima nerdctl run --rm -it -p 8000:8000 -v $(pwd):/html --entrypoint bash python
root@9486145449ab:/#
```
在容器内，运行一个简单的 Web 服务器：
```
$ lima nerdctl run --rm -it -p 8000:8000 -v $(pwd):/html --entrypoint bash python
root@9486145449ab:/# cd /html/
root@9486145449ab:/html# python -m http.server 8000
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 (<http://0.0.0.0:8000/>) ...
```
在另一个终端，你可以检查一切看起来都很好：
```
$ curl localhost:8000
hello
```
回到容器上，有一条记录 HTTP 客户端连接的日志信息：
```
`10.4.0.1 - - [09/Sep/2021 14:59:08] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -`
```
一个文件是不够的，所以还要做些优化。 在服务器上执行 **CTRL-C**，并添加另一个文件：
```
^C
Keyboard interrupt received, exiting.
root@9486145449ab:/html# echo goodbye &gt; foo.html
root@9486145449ab:/html# python -m http.server 8000
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 (<http://0.0.0.0:8000/>) ...
```
检查你是否能看到新的文件：
```
$ curl localhost:8000/foo.html
goodbye
```
### 总结
总结一下，安装 `lima` 需要一些时间，但完成后，你可以做以下事情：
* 运行容器。
* 将你的主目录中的任意子目录挂载到容器中。
* 编辑这些目录中的文件。
* 运行网络服务器，在 Mac 程序看来，它们是在 localhost 上运行的。
这些都是通过 `lima nerdctl` 实现的。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/run-containers-mac-lima
作者：[Moshe Zadka][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/containers_2015-2-osdc-lead.png?itok=kAfHrBoy (Containers for shipping overseas)
[2]: https://www.docker.com/blog/docker-unikernels-open-source/
[3]: https://github.com/lima-vm/lima
[4]: https://brew.sh/