翻译: tech/20221014 13 Independent Linux Distros That are Built From Scratch.md

sources/tech/20221014 13 Independent Linux Distros That are Built From Scratch.md

@@ -2,60 +2,60 @@
 [#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/independent-linux-distros/"
 [#]: author: "sreenath https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/"
 [#]: collector: "lkxed"
-[#]: translator: " "
+[#]: translator: "MuggleWei"
 [#]: reviewer: " "
 [#]: publisher: " "
 [#]: url: " "
 
-13 Independent Linux Distros That are Built From Scratch
+13个从头开始构建的独立Linux发行版
 ======
-There are hundreds of Linux distributions available.
+时至今日, 世界上已经有成百上千种不同的Linux发行版.  
 
-But most of them fall into these three categories: Debian, Red Hat (Fedora) and Arch Linux.
+它们中的大多数都可以被划归为三个大类: Debian, Red Hat (Fedora) 以及 Arch Linux.  
 
-Using a distribution based on Debian/Ubuntu, Red Hat/SUSE or Arch Linux has its advantages. They are popular and hence their package manager offers a huge range of software.
+使用基于Debian/Ubuntu, Red Hat/SUSE 或者 Arch的Linux发行版自然有它们的优势. 它们很受大众欢迎, 因此它们的包管理器能够提供大量的软件包.  
 
-However, some users prefer to use Linux distributions built from scratch and be independent of DEB/RPM packaging system.
+然而, 有一些用户更倾向于使用从头开始构建, 独立于DEB/RPM这类包管理系统的发行版本.  
 
-In this article, we will list some of the best Linux distributions developed independently.
+在这篇文章当中, 我们将列出一些优秀的独立Linux发行版.  
 
-**Note:** Obviously, this list excludes popular options like Debian, Ubuntu, and Fedora, which are used as bases for creating new distros. Moreover, the distributions are in no particular order of ranking.
+**注意:** 显然, 下面的列表显然不会包括一些广受欢迎, 通常作为创建新的发现版基础的发行版, 如Debian, Ubuntu 和 Fedora等. 此外, 列表顺序不分先后, 没有特定的排名.  
 
 ### 1. NixOS
 
 ![Image Credits: Distrowatch][1]
 
-Initially released in 2003, Nix OS is built on top of the Nix Package Manager. It provides two releases every year, usually scheduled in May and November.
+NixOS最初发布于2003年, NixOS 建立在 Nix 包管理器之上. 它每年发布两个版本, 通常是在5月和11月.  
 
-NixOS may not be a distribution directly geared to new and average users. However, its unique approach to [package management][2] attracts various kinds of users.
+NixOS显然不是一个直接面向新用户或普通用户的发行版. 然而, 其独特的[包管理][2]方法吸引了各种用户.  
 
-Additionally, 32-bit support systems are also supported.
+此外, 它仍然支持32位系统.  
 
-##### Other Features:
+##### 其他特性:
 
-* Builds packages isolated
-* Reliable upgrade with rollback feature
-* Reproducible system configuration
+* 构建隔离的包
+* 可靠的升级, 并且具有回滚功能
+* 可重现的系统配置
 
 [NixOS][3]
 
-**Related**: [Advanced Linux Distributions for Expert Linux Users][4]
+**相关链接**: [面向专家用户的高级 Linux 发行版][4]
 
 ### 2. Gentoo Linux
 
 ![Image Credits: Distrowatch][5]
 
-Gentoo Linux is an independently developed distribution aimed mainly at system experts. It is built for users who want the freedom to customize, fine-tune and optimize the operating system to suit their requirements.
+Geetoo Linux是一个主要针对系统专家的独立Linux发行版. 它是为那些希望自由定制、微调和优化操作系统以满足其要求的用户而构建。  
 
-Gentoo uses [Portage package management][6] that lets you create and install packages, often allowing you to optimize them for your hardware. **Chromium OS**, the open-source version of Chrome OS, uses Gentoo at its core.
+Gentoo 使用[Portage 包管理器][6]来创建和安装软件包, 通常还允许你针对你的硬件来优化它们. Chrome的开源版本**Chromium OS**便是使用Gentoo作为其核心的.  
 
-Not to forget, Gentoo is one of those [distributions that still support 32-bit architectures][7].
+不要忘记, Gentoo是[仍然支持 32 位架构的发行版][7]之一.  
 
-##### Other Features:
+##### 其他特性:
 
-* Incremental Updates
-* Source-based approach to software management
-* Concept of overlay repositories like GURU (Gentoo’s user repository), where users can add packages not yet provided by Gentoo
+* 增量更新
+* 基于源码的软件管理方法
+* 支持GURU(Gentoo用户仓库)的Overlay仓库的概念, 允许用户添加Gentoo尚未提供的软件包
 
 [Gentoo Linux][8]
 
@@ -63,37 +63,38 @@ Not to forget, Gentoo is one of those [distributions that still support 32-bit a
 
 ![Image Credits: Distrowatch][9]
 
-Void Linux is a [rolling release distribution][10] with its own X Binary Package System (XBPS) for installing and removing software. It was created by **Juan Romero Pardines**, a former NetBSD developer.
+Void Linux是一个[滚动发布的发行版][10], 使用X Binary Package System(XBPS)来安装和删除软件. 它由前NetBSD开发者**Juan Romero Pardines**创建.  
 
-It avoids systemd and instead uses runit as its init system. Furthermore, it gives you the option to use several [desktop environments][11].
+它使用runit而不是systemd作为其初始化系统. 此外, 它还让你可以选择使用多个 [桌面环境][11].  
 
-##### Other Features:
+##### 其他特性:
 
-* Minimal system requirements
-* Offers an official repository for non-free packages
-* Support for Raspberry Pi
-* Integration of OpenBSD’s LibreSSL software
-* Support for musl C library
-* 32-bit support
+* 最低的系统要求
+* 官方库也提供非自由软件包
+* 支持树莓派
+* 集成OpenBSD的LibreSSL
+* 支持musl C库
+* 支持32位系统
 
 [Void Linux][12]
 
 **Related:** [Not a Systemd Fan? Here are 13+ Systemd-Free Linux Distributions][13]
+**相关链接:** [不是Systemd的粉丝? 这里有13个无Systemd的Linux发行版][13]
 
 ### 4. Solus Linux
 
 ![solus budgie 2022][14]
 
-Formerly EvolveOS, Solus Linux offers some exciting features while built from scratch. Solus features its own homegrown budgie desktop environment as its flagship version.
+Solus的前身是EvolveOS, 它从头开始构建并提供了一些令人兴奋的特性. Solus的旗舰版本使用自己的homegrown budgie作为桌面环境.  
 
-Compared to other options, Solus Linux is one of the few independent distributions that new Linux users can use. It manages to be one of the [best Linux distributions][15] available.
+与本篇文章介绍的其他系统相比, Solus对于新手较为友好. 它设法成为[最好的Linux发行版][15]之一.  
 
-It uses eopkg package management with a semi-rolling release model. As per the developers, Solus is exclusively developed for personal computing purposes.
+它使用eopkg作为其包管理系统, 支持版滚动发布模型. 按照开发人员的说法, 开发Solus的目标是个人电脑.  
 
-##### Other Features:
+##### 其他特性:
 
-* Available in Budgie, Gnome, MATE, and KDE Plasma editions
-* Variety of software out of the box, which reduces setup efforts
+* 支持Budgie、Gnome、MATE和KDE Plasma
+* 各种开箱即用的软件，从而减少设置工作
 
 [Solus Linux][16]
 
@@ -101,35 +102,35 @@ It uses eopkg package management with a semi-rolling release model. As per the d
 
 ![Image Credits: Distrowatch][17]
 
-Mageia started as a fork of Mandriva Linux back in 2010. It aims to be a stable and secure operating system for desktop and server usage.
+Mageia始于2010年, 它是Mandriva Linux的一个分支. 它的目标是成为稳定且安全的桌面和服务器操作系统。
 
-Mageia is a community-driven project supported by a non-profit organization and elected contributors. You will notice a major release every year.
+Mageia是一个社区驱动的项目, 由非营利组织和贡献者支持. 每年会发布一个大版本.  
 
-##### Other Features
+##### 其他特性:
 
-* Supports 32-bit system
-* KDE Plasma, Gnome, and XFCE editions are available from the website
-* Minimal system requirements
+* 支持32位系统
+* 支持KDE Plasma, Gnome和XFCE
+* 最低的系统要求
 
 [Mageia][18]
 
-**Related:** **[Linux Distros That Still Support 32-Bit Systems][19]**
+**相关链接:** **[仍然支持32位系统的Linux发行版][19]**
 
 ### 6. Clear Linux
 
 ![Image Credits: Distrowatch][20]
 
-Clear Linux is a distribution by Intel, primarily designed with performance and cloud use cases in mind.
+Clear Linux是一个由Intel发布的发行版, 主要设计考虑是性能和云服务的使用.  
 
-One interesting thing about Clear Linux is the operating system upgrades as a whole rather than individual packages. So, even if you mess up with the system accidentally, it should boot correctly, performing a factory reset to let you set it up again.
+有趣的是, Clear Linux升级时是作为一个整体而非去升级单个的软件包. 所以, 即使你不小心弄乱了系统设置, 它也可以正确的启动, 执行恢复出厂设置, 并让用户重新设置.  
 
-It is not geared toward personal use. But it can be a unique choice to try.
+它不太适合个人用户使用. 但可以作为一个独特的选择而尝试一下.  
 
-##### Other Features:
+##### 其他特性:
 
-* Highly tuned for Intel platforms
-* A strict separation between User and System files
-* Constant vulnerability scanning
+* 针对Intel平台的高度调优
+* 用户和系统文件之间严格分离
+* 持续的漏洞扫描
 
 [Clear Linux OS][21]
 
@@ -137,14 +138,14 @@ It is not geared toward personal use. But it can be a unique choice to try.
 
 ![Image Credits: Distrowatch][22]
 
-PCLinuxOS is an x86_64 Linux distribution that uses APT-RPM packages. You can get KDE Plasma, Mate, and XFCE desktops, while it also offers several community editions featuring more desktops.
+PCLinuxOS是一个x86_64的Linux发行版, 使用APT-RPM包管理. 你可以使用KDE Plasma, Mate以及XFCE桌面, 它同时还提供了更多特性的社区版本的桌面.  
 
-Locally installed versions of PCLinuxOS utilize the APT package management system thanks to [Synaptic package manager][23]. You can also find rpm packages from its repositories.
+本地安装的PCLinuxOS利用了APT包管理系统要感谢[Synaptic包管理器][23]. 你可以从它的仓库中找到rpm包.  
 
-##### Other Features:
+##### 其他特性:
 
-* mylivecd script allows the user to take a ‘snapshot’ of their current hard drive installation (all settings, applications, documents, etc.) and compress it into an ISO CD/DVD/USB image.
-* Additional support for over 85 languages.
+* mylivecd脚本允许用户去生成一个当前已安装的硬件驱动的'快照'(所有的配置, 应用, 文档等)并且将它压缩为ISO CD/DVD/USB映像
+* 附加支持超过85种语言
 
 [PCLinuxOS][24]
 
@@ -152,19 +153,19 @@ Locally installed versions of PCLinuxOS utilize the APT package management syste
 
 ![4m linux 2022][25]
 
-[4MLinux][26] is a general-purpose Linux distribution with a strong focus on the following four **“M”**  of computing:
+[4MLinux][26] 是一个通用的Linux发行版, 重点聚焦于下面四个 **“M”**
 
-* Maintenance (system rescue Live CD)
-* Multimedia (full support for a huge number of image, audio and video formats)
-* Miniserver (DNS, FTP, HTTP, MySQL, NFS, Proxy, SMTP, SSH, and Telnet)
-* Mystery (meaning a collection of classic Linux games)
+* Maintenance (系统救援Live CD)
+* Multimedia (支持大量的图形, 音频和视频格式)
+* Miniserver (支持DNS, FTP, HTTP, MySQL, NFS, Proxy, SMTP, SSH, and Telnet)
+* Mystery (包含了经典Linux游戏的集合)
 
-It has a minimal system requirement and is available as a desktop and server version.
+它具有最低的系统要求, 可作为桌面和服务器版本使用.
 
-##### Other Features
+##### 其他特性
 
-* Support for large number of image, audio/video formats
-* Small and general-purpose Linux distribution
+* 支持大量的图形, 音频和视频格式
+* 是小型并且通用的Linux发行版
 
 [4MLinux][27]
 
@@ -172,17 +173,17 @@ It has a minimal system requirement and is available as a desktop and server ver
 
 ![Image Credits: Distrowatch][28]
 
-Tiny Core Linux focuses on providing a base system using BusyBox and FLTK. It is not a complete desktop. So, you do not expect it to run on every system.
+Tiny Core Linux专注于使用BusyBox和FLTK提供一个基础的系统. 它不是一个复杂的桌面. 所有, 并不能保证它可以运行于任何系统.  
 
-It represents only the core needed to boot into a very minimal X desktop, typically with wired internet access.
+它代表了启动到非常小的X桌面所需的核心功能, 通常带有有线互联网访问权限.  
 
-The user gets great control over everything, but it may not be an easy out-of-the-box experience for new Linux users.
+用户可以很好的控制一切, 但对于新Linux用户来说, 它并不是一个轻松的开箱即用的系统.  
 
-##### Other Features
+##### 其他特性
 
-* Designed to run from a RAM copy created at boot time
-* By default, operates like a cloud/internet client
-* Users can run appbrowser to browse repositories and download applications
+* 旨在从启动时创建的内存副本中运行
+* 默认情况下, 其操作就像像云/互联网客户端一样
+* 用户可以使用appbrowser来游览库以及下载应用
 
 [Tiny Core Linux][29]
 
@@ -192,15 +193,15 @@ The user gets great control over everything, but it may not be an easy out-of-th
 
 [Reddit][31]
 
-Linux From Scratch is a way to install a working Linux system by building all its components manually. Once completed, it provides a compact, flexible and secure system and a greater understanding of the internal workings of the Linux-based operating systems.
+Linux From Scratch并不是一个系统, 而是通过手动构建所有组件来安装Linux的一种方法. 一旦完成, 它提供了一个紧凑、灵活和安全的系统, 并且可以很好的理解一个基于Linux的操作系统内部是如何工作的.  
 
-If you need to dive deep into how a Linux system works and explore its nuts and bolts, Linux From Scratch is the project you need to try.
+如果你希望去深入理解Linux是如何工作的并且探寻其具体细节, 那么Linux From Scratch是你一定要去尝试, 不能错过的一个项目.  
 
-##### Other Features
+##### 其他特性
 
-* Customised Linux system, entirely from scratch
-* Extremely flexible
-* Offers added security because of self compile from source
+* 完全从头开始, 定制化的构建Linux系统
+* 极度的灵活性
+* 由于从源码开始编译, 提供了额外的安全性
 
 [Linux From Scratch][32]
 
@@ -208,15 +209,15 @@ If you need to dive deep into how a Linux system works and explore its nuts and
 
 ![Image Credits: Distrowatch][33]
 
-Slackware is the oldest distribution that is still being maintained. Originally created in 1993, with Softlanding Linux System as base, Slackware later became the base for many Linux distributions.
+Slackware是现今还在维护的最老的发行版. 最初创建于1993年, 以Softlanding Linux 系统为基础, 随后, 许多的Linux发行版都是基于Slackware.  
 
-Slackware aims at producing the most UNIX-like Linux distribution while keeping simplicity and stability.
+Slackware目标是称为最类似于UNIX的Linux发行版, 同时保持简单和稳定.  
 
-##### Other Features
+##### 其他特性
 
-* Available for 32-bit and 64-bit systems
-* Extensive online documentation
-* Can run on Pentium system to latest machines
+* 支持32位和64位系统
+* 大量的在线文档
+* 从奔腾处理器到最新的机器, 它都可以运行
 
 [Slackware][34]
 
@@ -224,15 +225,15 @@ Slackware aims at producing the most UNIX-like Linux distribution while keeping
 
 ![alpine linux xfce 2022][35]
 
-Alpine Linux is a community-developed operating system designed for routers, firewalls, VPNs, VoIP boxes, and servers. It began as a fork of the LEAF Project.
+Alpine Linux是一个社区开发的操作系统, 专为路由器、防火墙、VPN、VoIP 盒子和服务器而设计. 它是LEAF项目的一个分支.  
 
-Alpine Linux uses apk-tools package management, initially written as a shell script and later written in C programming language. This is a minimal Linux distribution, which still supports 32-bit systems and can be installed as a run-from-RAM operating system.
+Alpine Linux使用apk-tools包管理器, 最初由shell脚本编写, 而后使用c语言重构. 它是最小的Linux发行版之一, 仍然支持32位系统, 并且是一个可以完全从电脑RAM运行的操作系统.  
 
-##### Other Features:
+##### 其他特性:
 
-* Provides a minimal container image of just 5 MB in size
-* 2-year support for the main repository and support until the next stable release for the community repository
-* Made around musl libc and Busybox with resource-efficient containers
+* 提供大小仅为5MB的最小容器映像
+* 对于主库, 提供2年的支持; 对于社区库, 在下一个稳定版本发布前提供支持
+* 使用musl libc制作, Busybox使用资源效率高的容器
 
 [Alpine Linux][36]
 
@@ -240,26 +241,26 @@ Alpine Linux uses apk-tools package management, initially written as a shell scr
 
 ![Image Credits: Distrowatch][37]
 
-KaOS is a Linux distribution built from scratch and inspired by Arch Linux. It uses [pacman for package management][38]. It is built with the philosophy “*One Desktop Environment (KDE Plasma), One Toolkit (Qt), One Architecture (x86_64)*“.
+KaOS是一个受到Arch启发, 从头开始构建的Linux发行版. 它使用[pacman包管理器][38]. 它是按照"*一个桌面环境(KDE Plasma), 一个工具包(QT), 一个架构(X86_64)*"的理念构建的.  
 
-It has limited repositories, but still, it offers plenty of tools for a regular user.
+它的软件库比较有限, 但依然为普通用户提供了许多工具.  
 
-##### Other Features:
+##### 其他特性:
 
-* Most up-to-date Plasma desktop
-* Tightly integrated rolling and transparent distribution for the modern desktop
+* 最新的Plasma桌面
+* 紧密集成的滚动和透明的现代桌面发行版
 
 [KaOS][39]
 
-#### Wrapping Up
+#### 总结
 
-If you need a unique experience, these independent Linux distributions should serve the purpose.
+如果你需要一些独特的体验, 那么这些独立Linux发行版应该能很好的满足你.  
 
-However, if you want to replace it with a mainstream distribution like Ubuntu for your desktop…You might want to think twice, considering most of the options (if not all) above are not ideal options for day-to-day desktop usage.
+然而, 如果你想要用其来替换如Ubuntu这样主流的Linux发行版作为你的桌面系统...你也许需要三思而后行, 上面大多数的发行版(并不代表所有)都不是一个日常使用的桌面系统的理想的选项.  
 
-But then again, if you have a fair share of experience with Linux distributions, you can undoubtedly take up the task for an adventure!
+但是话又说回来, 如果你对Linux发行版充满了经验, 那么毫无疑问, 你会享受这项冒险的任务的.  
 
-*If you were to try one of these indie distros, which one would it be? Share with us in the comments.*
+*如果你想尝试这些独立发行版的其中一种, 哪一个会是你的优先选择呢? 请在评论中与我们分享.*
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -267,7 +268,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/independent-linux-distros/
 
 作者：[sreenath][a]
 选题：[lkxed][b]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+译者：[MuggleWei](https://github.com/MuggleWei)
 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
 
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